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Geology of the Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg Quadrangles, Wisconsin and Illinois

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Geology of the Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg Quadrangles, Wisconsin and Illinois Geology of the Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg Quadrangles, Wisconsin and Illinois o GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1123-H ao Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey I OQ g ':. Geology of the Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg Quadrangles, Wisconsin and Illinois * * ,By THOMAS E. MULLENS GEOLOGY OF PARTS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY ZINC-LEAD DISTRICT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1123-H v, 7 Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 ' \ * i UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director *>' The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 531. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract__-_.-----_______.__-__________________________________ 437 Introduction _____________.__-_________.-_-._..__.-..--_-..--_...._ 439 Location, access, and industry________________________________ 439 Present investigation_________________________________________ 441 Description of drill-hole data__________________________________ 443 4 Acknowledgments- ____________________________________________ 444 Previous publications._________________________________________ 445 Physiography _____________________________________________________ 445 Relief-_-_________.___-._-.___-.___-____--_._.__._---_____-___ 445 Upland ---_--_-__--_-_------------_-------------_----- 446 Streams ______________________________________________________ 447 Stratigraphy._____________________________________________________ 448 Ordovician System.__-_______________________________________ 449 Middle Ordovician Series._______._-_-_____-__-_-_--___-_-__ 449 St. Peter Sandstone....-.__.._-.-.----._.--..--.--.-..- 449 Platteville Formation__________________________________ 451 Glenwood Shale Member.__________________________ 452 Pecatonica Dolomite Member-.-..-...__-_______.___ 453 McGregor Limestone Member_____________________ 453 Quimbys Mill Member._____________-_--____.---__- 455 Decorah Formation..--...--_____-__--__--____----_.-__ 456 Spechts Ferry Shale Member__-_-----__------__---.- 457 Guttenberg Limestone Member_________!___________ 458 Ion Dolomite Member.__._____________-_---__-_-.- 459 Galena Dolomite._____________________________________ 460 Cherty unit......_._....___.._...__..._......-.... 461 Noncherty unit__._-__-___---__-__---_---__----__ 463 Upper Ordovician Series----------------------....- ------- 464 Maquoketa Shale....-.-_______________________________ 464 Silurian System.___________________ -_-__.______-_--_-_---_-_ 465 Lower Silurian Series._____________________.--_---__---__- 465 > Edgewood Dolomite. ________-__________-__----_------- 465 Deposits of unknown age.______________________________________ 466 y Sandstone dikes..______-___________---____--_----_------__ 466 Exotic gravel. _.-__..---_-.-_.--.-_--____.---------------. 468 Quaternary System.___________________________________________ 469 Loess. _----_-_____ __-___ -_____ __-_-.--_- _-- 469 Alluvium. ___.__--..__._-.._..._..__..-...__._---_---_--__ 469 Structure. ________________________________________________________ 470 Folds.. -----________-_______._________.____-__---_-_.---__ 472 Faults... ---._--______ ___--__ _____.__ __---__-____--- 475 Joints. -_-----__-______ _______________. __---_ _-- 476 Origin and age of deformation..__- -_--__-__- --____-----____- 478 HI IV CONTENTS Page Mineral deposits.__--_--_-__-___-_-_-_____---_-__---_____________ 479 Classification of the deposits.__-----__-____-_--_.._______.______ 480 History of development-___________________^___________________ 481 Production.-___--------__--_-----_---_---_-_----_-___________ 482 Lead___________________________________________________ 482 Zinc. _---_--------------------------_..-------------_-_--- 483 Mineralogy.-__---_--___-____-----_-___-_-______-_____________ 486 Rock alteration_______________________________________________ 489 General effects of alteration-____-___________-_______________ 489 Effects of alteration on stratigraphic units____________________ 490 Guttenberg Limestone Member of Decorah Formation...-_ 490 Quimbys Mill Member of Platteville Formation. __________ 491 McGregor Limestone Member of Platteville Formation_.. 492 Ion Dolomite Member of Decorah Formation.._____.-____ 49£ Galena Dolomite._____--_______--______-__-__-___-____ 494 Description of the deposits____________________________________ 495 Deposits associated with vertical joints-___---__--_-_-___--__- 495 Galena Dolomite (gash veins)___________________________ 495 Decorah Formation._-_--__-_-____-_-_-_-___-__-_--___- 500 Platteville Formation__-____-_______-____-___________ 500 Deposits associated with inclined and bedding-plane fractures. __ 503 Structures associated with pitch-and-flat deposits._____--__ 505 Occurrence of minerals_-__________-______-_-______-___- 510 Origin of structures associated with pitch-and-flat deposits. _ 513 Relation of pitch-and-flat deposits to deposits associated with vertical joints _--_------------__--__--_-__-_______-__-__-___________ 522 Mineral deposits not associated with obvious fracture control------- 522 Localization of the deposits._-__--___--____-_-_---___-_____-_--_ 524 Origin and age of the ore minerals.______________________________ 526 References cited.._________________________________________________ 528 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 25. Geologic map of Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg quadrangles. 26. Map of Hancock mine showing strike of mineralized joints *, and structure contours drawn on top of McGregor Member. -, -^ 27. Isopach map of Quimbys Mill and Guttenberg Members in \ sec. 22 and adjacent sections. 28. Isopach map of Quimbys Mill, Spechts Ferry, and Guttenberg T- Members at Thompson mine. 29. Structure contour map of the top of the Guttenberg Member in sec. 22 and adjacent sections. 30. Map showing structure on top of Guttenberg and McGregor Members, Thompson ore body. 31. Structure contour map of top of McGregor Member in sec. 22 and adjacent sections. 32. Idealized illustrations of effects of solution thinning and sub­ sequent subsidence. CONTENTS FIGURE 51. Index map showing mining district, Driftless Area, and loca­ tion of quadrangles described._---____-____-___--______ 440 52. Index map of quadrangles described showing areas covered by recently published maps._____-_----_-_-_-_-_-______ 442 53. Index map showing trends of major structural features...-_. 471 54. Joint diagram of southern part of Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg quandrangles_._______________________ 477 55. Joint diagram of northern part of Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg quadrangles__________________________ 478 56. Diagram showing sequence of rock alteration and deposition of principal primary minerals_-_-__-_----_-_--_-_-_-____ 488 57. Sketch of pitches and flats in West Blackstone mine.-------- 504 \ 58. Section across Trego mine showing fracture patterns..------ 504 59. Typical minor pitches and flats___._-___-__--___________ 506 60. Map showing outline of workings and strike and dip of major fractures at Monmouth, North Monmouth, and Champion mines._.____._._-_---_-_-___-___--_______________.__ 508 61. Map of part of Graham-Snyder mine. __-__--__________-_- 515 62. Map of part of Kennedy mine._--_-_---_-_-____-_-__.--__ 516 63. Diagram of cracks formed in a reinforced concrete beam____ 518 64. Fractures formed in rock wall-_---__----_.-_---__-_-_-_-_ 518 65. Map of part of Bautsch mine.___________________________ 521 66. Plot of dominant trends of elongate pitch-and-ftat deposits. _- 523 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Production of lead and zinc ore, metals recovered, and ap­ proximate grade of ore produced in southwestern Wis­ consin, 1949-1958.----------------------------------- 482 GEOLOGY OF PARTS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY ZINC-LEAD DISTRICT GEOLOGY OF THE CUBA CITY, NEW DIGGINGS, AND SHULLSBURG QUADRANGLES, WISCONSIN AND ILLINOIS BY THOMAS E. MULLENS ABSTRACT The Cuba City, New Diggings, and Shullsburg quadrangles cover 155 square miles in the Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district and are in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin and northwestern Illinois. Rocks exposed in the quadrangles have an aggregate thickness of about 600 feet and are mainly of Middle and Late Ordovician, Early Silurian, and Quaternary age. Quartz sand­ stone dikes of unknown age cut Middle Ordovician rocks, and sparse patches of gravel of probable Quaternary age occur locally. The St. Peter Sandstone of Middle Ordovician age is the oldest formation exposed. About 35 feet of fine- to coarse-grained quartz sandstone in cross- laminated beds assigned to the St. Peter crop out along the Galena River in the northern part of the area. The Platteville Formation of Middle Ordovician age is 55 to 75 feet thick and conformably overlies the St. Peter Sandstone. The Platteville is divided, in ascending order, into the Glenwood, Pecatonica, Mc- Gregor, and Quimbys Mill Members. The Glenwood Shale Member is 2 to 7 feet thick and consists of shale, shaly sandstone, and dolomitic siltstone. The Pecatonica Dolomite Member is 20 feet thick and consists mainly of dolomite. The McGregor Limestone Member is about 30 feet thick and consists of limestone and dolomite. The Quimbys Mill Member is about 2 feet thick and is limestone in the western part of the mapped area, but
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