Moderne Szenerien Skizzen Zur Diversität Von Tanz- Und Musikkulturen (1910–1950)

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Moderne Szenerien Skizzen Zur Diversität Von Tanz- Und Musikkulturen (1910–1950) Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger (Hg.) Moderne Szenerien Skizzen zur Diversität von Tanz- und Musikkulturen (1910–1950) 7 ISBN 978-3-940388-55-1 © Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger, epodium (München) Website: www.epodium.de E-Mail: [email protected] Alle Rechte vorbehalten/All rights reserved Covergestaltung: Drahtzieher Design & Kommunikation, Wien epodium ist eine eingetragene Marke ISBN 978-3-940388-55-1 Germany 2016 Reihe off epodium Herausgeber: Andreas Backoefer Bibliografische Informationen Der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Gefördert mit Mitteln aus dem Open Access Publikationsfond und der Stiftungs- und Förderungsgesellschaft der Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg. Dank an die Teilnehmenden der Lehrveranstaltungen (Wintersemester 2015/16) von Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger sowie der Abteilung Musik- und Tanzwissenschaft. Moderne Szenerien Skizzen zur Diversität von Tanz- und Musikkulturen (1910–1950) Herausgegeben von Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger Inhalt Vorwort 5 Moderne als Plural La Danse d’Aujourd’hui (1929) 6 Nicole Haitzinger Moderne Parataxe Das Album Sports et divertissements 30 Franziska Kollinger Exkurs: DADA 49 Auf Spurensuche in der Musik Lisa M. Köstner The ‘danseuse’ constructing modernity Gendered visions of dance in Levinson, Divoire and Valéry 59 Anna Leon Pavane fantastique Aubrey Beardsleys Einfluss auf die Selbstinszenierung Alexander Sacharoffs 72 Gabriel Negraschus Exkurs: Mechanik 85 Meyerholds Methode der Biomechanik Marianne Bäck Choreografien des Lachens und Lallens Valeska Gert und die Emanzipation der Stimme im Tanz der Moderne 93 Julia Ostwald Exkurs: Varieté 110 Tänzerinnen im Shanghai der 1920er und 1930er Jahre Xuan Wang The Spirit Moves – Körper zwischen Akrobatik und Ekstase Afroamerikanische Gesellschaftstänze der New Yorker Club-Szene (1920–1950) 120 Anna-Lena Mützel Exkurs: Emigration 130 Tänzerinnen im Iran zwischen 1920 und 1940 Sahereh Astaneh Exkurs: Volkstanz 138 Volkstanz als Waffe Politische Instrumentalisierung und die Rolle der österreichischen Wissenschaft Laura Unger “Bigger Than The Dancer” Defining Dance in the 1930s and beyond 149 Franz Anton Cramer 5 Vorwort Hervorgegangen aus Lehrveranstaltungen von Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger im Wintersemester 2015/16 und der Ausstellung Kunst – Musik – Tanz. Staging the Derra de Moroda Dance Archives im Museum der Moderne Salzburg subsumiert dieses eBook sowohl fachwissenschaftliche Artikel von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen und etablierten ForscherInnen als auch Beiträge von Studierenden der Musik- und Tanzwissenschaft. Es versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer Erweiterung der musik- und tanzwissenschaftlichen Perspektivierung von Moderne – jenseits von Kanon und hegemonialem Kulturverständnis. Dies scheint beinahe 100 Jahre nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs nicht nur notwendig, sondern unabdingbar geworden zu sein. Drei wissenschaftliche Artikel (Cramer, Haitzinger und Kollinger) fungieren als Impulsgeber für eine erweiterte Moderne-Diskussion und rahmen die einzelnen Skizzen zu spezifischen Facetten in Kunst, Musik, Theater und Tanz (1910–1950). Diese Facetten werden von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen (Leon, Mützel, Negraschus und Ostwald) ausdifferenziert, und zwar in Hinblick auf drei thematische und diskursive Setzungen: erstens Gender, zweitens Stimme und drittens transatlantischer Kulturtransfer. Die Beiträge der Studierenden stören durch ihre strukturelle und inhaltliche Anlage in Form von Exkursen bewusst eine lineare Lektüre. Sie beleuchten als Miniaturen einzelne Phänomene wie DADA, Mechanik, Varieté, Emigration und Volkstanz. Durch das Nebeneinander der drei Ebenen – Paraphrase, Facette und Exkurs – wird der Topos Moderne pluralisiert und als dechiffrierbarer Gegenwartsbezug wahrnehmbar. Gargnano am Gardasee im April 2016 Nicole Haitzinger und Franziska Kollinger 6 Moderne als Plural La Danse d’aujourd’hui (1929) * Nicole Haitzinger La Danse d’aujourd’hui ist eine in mehrerlei Hinsicht für die (Tanz-)Moderne epochale Schrift. Sie wird im Jahr 1929 vom jüdisch-russischen Literaten und Kritiker André Levinson bei den Editions Duchartre et Van Buggenhoudt in Paris veröffentlicht. Die erste Titelseite hat den Untertitel „400 Photographies“, eine zweite verzeichnet mit „Études – Notes – Portraits“ einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt dieser Publikation, nämlich ihre triadisch angelegte Perspektivierung. Auf über fünfhundert Seiten fächert Levinson, der obsessiv gegen den Niedergang der kulturellen Autorität des sogenannten klassischen Balletts anschreibt, die hybride Tanzkultur Europas seiner Zeit mit Fokus Paris auf. Vor der genaueren Vorstellung der Publikation La Danse d’aujourd’hui (1929) wird erstens die Biographie des Autors Levinson bis Ende der 1920er Jahre skizziert und zweitens seine ästhetische Präferenz des Klassischen in der 1918 noch in St. Petersburg veröffentlichten Anthologie Staryi et novyi balet (Altes und neues Ballett) kursorisch analysiert.1 Seine Abgrenzung zu auftretenden Avantgardismen und populärkulturellen Strömungen der Moderne, dies sei vorweggenommen, ist biographisch und soziokulturell angelegt und bleibt nicht äußerlich. Dennoch artikuliert bereits das Inhaltsverzeichnis vielschichtige Facetten der europäischen Tanzkultur der Moderne: Avant-propos Le cycle russe Grandeur et décadences de « Ballets Russes » Stravinsky et la danse théâtrale Boris Romanoff et les « Ballets Romantiques » Quatre étoiles 1 Vgl. auch die weitreichende und umfassende Debatte unter den Pariser Intellektuellen um ‚das Klassische‘ insbesondere auch im Verhältnis zum Spirituellen und Religiösen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Dies bildet sich unter anderem in der zeitgenössischen Presse ab, in der sich das Vokabular dahingehend änderte, dass Wörter wie ehrwürdig, lyrisch oder spirituell vormals präsente Attribute wie individuell, frei, kühn und lebensnah zunehmend ersetzten. Vgl. bspw. Barbara L. Kelly, Music and Ultra-Modernism in France: A fragile Consensus 1913–1939, Woodbridge 2013 oder Richard Taruskin, Review: Back to whom? Neoclassicism as ideology, in 19th Century Music, Vol. 16 (1993), S. 286–302. Dank an Franziska Kollinger für den Hinweis. 7 Anna Pavlova et la Légende du Cygne Isadora Duncan «In memoriam» L’apogée L’esprit de la danse classique et le ballet d’opéra L’esprit de la danse d’école La danse à l’Opéra Les Œuvres Deux figures de danseuses Argentina et le génie de la danse espagnole Le cycle exotique La danse et l’exotisme Steps nègres «Orientales» La danse au Music-Hall Variétes Girls L’adage acrobatique Tendances et tentatives Les «Ballets Suédois» Les «Soirées de Paris» De Varsovie à Paris par Copenhague Les Sakharoff – Le genre viennois La danse rythmique La danse théâtrale et l’utopie rythmique La rythmique au concert Tableau de la danse moderne en Allemagne Paradoxerweise vermittelt sich die Moderne als Plural in einer Veröffentlichung von einem der schärfsten Kritiker von performativen/tänzerischen Avantgardismen (wie den Ballets Suédois) und populärkulturellen Phänomenen im Tanz (Music Hall oder Revue), obgleich er deren ästhetischen Wert anerkennt: Levinsons vermeintliche Klassifikation eindeutiger Genres ist grundiert von einer weitreichenden Enthäutung von Stilen beziehungsweise einer Bestimmung von Stil jenseits von Stil. 8 Grenzziehungen und Ausschlüsse sind verflochten mit Levinsons inneren Bedrohungen. Seine idealisierte russische Welt wird durch die „rote Apokalypse“2 und seinen Exilanten-Status in Paris kollabieren, dennoch kann er das Wissen um das für ihn und in Paris der 1920er Jahre stets präsente ‚Andere‘ (Avantgardismen und sogenannte „Exotismen“) wegen seiner herausragenden Intellektualität nicht verleugnen. Levinson kann es nicht nur nicht verleugnen, er verzeichnet, er registriert, er diskursiviert eine pluralistische Moderne. 3 Seine ideologisch aufgeladene Inventarisierung, die sich auf den zweiten Blick als bemerkenswert ambivalent präsentiert, erlaubt eine gegenwärtige Diskursivierung, die wiederum selektiv und von aktuellen postkolonialen, transmedialen und bewegungsanalytischen Annotationen grundiert ist. Eng am Material entlang denkend und schreibend möchten die folgenden Ausführungen weder als kontextualisierende ‚Zusammenfassung‘ von La Danse d’aujourd’hui verstanden werden, noch eine ‚andere‘ Systematisierung vorschlagen. Vielmehr werden historischer Wortlaut und gegenwärtige „altermoderne“ Perspektivierung 4 als zwei Ideenwelten miteinander verflochten. Über deren nahe oder ferne Verwandtschaft ist jeweils zu entscheiden. Zur ostinaten Beschwörung des Klassischen André Levinson, geboren 1887 als Andrei Yakovlevich Levinson in Sankt Petersburg, ist als Sohn eines russischen Paares, der Vater Physiker, in einem intellektuellen jüdischen Milieu aufgewachsen. 5 Er absolviert sein geisteswissenschaftliches Studium an der Universität von Sankt Petersburg mit dem Schwerpunkt französische Literatur. Dies korrespondiert mit dem im Russland um die Jahrhundertwende vorherrschenden Zeitgeist, der eine große Frankophilie hervorbringt, die durch 2 André Levinson, La Danse d’aujourd’hui. Études – notes – portraits, Paris 1929, S. 91. 3 Meine Ausführungen profitieren hauptsächlich von gegenwärtigen postkolonialen, soziologischen oder altermodernen Perspektivierungen der Moderne. Vgl. beispielsweise Marta Savigliano, Worlding Dance and Dancing Out There
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