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Trade Networks of Asia and Africa 17 Section 3 Step-by-Step Instruction The Wealth of Timbuktu SECTION SECTION “ The inhabitants are very rich. Grain and animals are abundant, so that the consumption of milk and butter is Review and Preview considerable. But salt is in very short supply because it is Students have learned about Native carried here from Tegaza, some 500 miles from Timbuktu.... American cultures in North America The royal court is magnificent and very well organized.... and their interaction through trade. This king makes war only upon neighboring enemies and Now they will learn about cultures on upon those who do not want to pay him tribute.” the continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia and how they were linked through —Hassan ibn Muhammad, The Description of Africa, 1526 trade. ᮤ City of Timbuktu in West Africa Trade Networks of Section Focus Question Asia and Africa How did trade link Europe, Afri- ca, and Asia? Objectives Why It Matters While Native Americans were developing Before you begin the lesson for the day, • Learn about the role played by Muslims in diverse cultures and civilizations, other civilizations thrived write the Section Focus Question on the world trade. in Europe, Africa, and Asia. board. (Lesson focus: Europeans, Africans, • Discover how great trading states rose in East Section Focus Question: How did trade link Europe, and Asians exchanged goods, ideas, and influ- Africa and West Africa. Africa, and Asia? ences through trade.) • Find out how China dominated an important trade route across Asia. The Muslim Link in Trade Prepare to Read From earliest times, trade linked groups who lived Reading Skill at great distances from one another. As trade developed, Build Background merchants established regular trade routes. These merchants Ask Questions Asking questions when you carried their culture with them as they traveled. Knowledge L2 read will help you organize your reading plan and By the 1500s, a complex trade network linked Europe, get involved with the text. You can use your On the board, write the word goods. Ask Africa, and Asia. Much of this trade passed through the questions, for example, to set a reading purpose— students to suggest specific goods that Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East. Ships from China and answering the questions. Two ways to generate American consumers value highly. Record questions are to restate headings and to study India brought their cargoes of spices, silks, and gems to student responses on the board. Next, have the review questions at the end of the section. ports on the Red Sea. The precious cargoes were then taken students identify imported goods in the overland to markets throughout the Middle East. list on the board. Ask: What countries do Key Terms and People Rise of Islam The growth in trade was also linked to the you know that produce these goods for Muhammad navigation rise of the religion of Islam. Islam emerged on the Arabian American markets? List the countries next Mansa Musa Zheng He Peninsula in the 600s. Its founder was the prophet to the corresponding product names. Then, Muhammad. Muhammad taught that there is one true God. have students categorize the countries by Followers of Islam, called Muslims, believed that the Quran the continents on which they are located. (ku RAHN), the sacred book of Islam, contained the exact Allow use of a map if necessary. word of God as revealed to Muhammad. Islam was transmitted rapidly through conquest and Set a Purpose L2 trade. Arab armies swept across North Africa and into I Form students into pairs or groups of Spain. Muslim merchants also spread their religion far into four. Distribute the Reading Readiness Africa, and from Persia to India. Millions of people across Guide. Ask students to fill in the first three continents became Muslims. two columns of the chart. 16 Chapter 1 Roots of the American People Teaching Resources, Unit 1, Reading Readiness Guide, p. 18 Differentiated Instruction I Use the Numbered Heads participation L1 L1 L1 English Language Learners Less Proficient Readers Special Needs strategy (TE, p. T24) to call on students to share one piece of information they Restate with Synonyms Unfamiliar together make a list of any unfamiliar already know and one piece of informa- words pose recurring difficulties for some words (excluding specialized vocabulary). tion they want to know. The students students. Restating sentences and substi- Together, partners can look up each word will return to these worksheets later. tuting familiar synonyms can aid compre- in the thesaurus and find a familiar syn- hension. Pair students and provide the onym. Then, they can substitute synonyms partners with a thesaurus. Tell each part- for unfamiliar words and reread the para- ner to read a subsection silently. They graph. should pause after each paragraph and 16 Chapter 1 Advances in Learning Arab scholars made remarkable contributions to mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. They Teach helped develop algebra and later passed it along to Europe. Arab astronomers measured the size of Earth, supporting the Greek belief Vocabulary Builder The Muslim Link in that Earth was a sphere. Arabs also made important advances in sphere (sfeer) n. rounded shape technology. They built ships with large, triangular sails that allowed Trade captains to use the wind even if it changed direction. The African Link in How did Islam spread? Trade pp. 16–17 The African Link in Trade L2 Africa has a long history of trade, going back as far as 3100 B.C., Instruction when the great civilization of Egypt arose. Egyptian traders sailed I Vocabulary Builder Before teaching throughout the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea to bring this section, preteach the High-Use home cedar logs, silver, and horses. Following routes south from Words sphere and alternative before Egypt, they traded for ivory, spices, copper, and cattle. reading, using the strategy on TE p. T21. Key Terms Have students continue fill- East African Trade Centers About A.D.1000, trade centers Ask Questions ing in the See It–Remember It chart for began to appear in eastern Africa. The most powerful was Preview the headings on the Key Terms in this chapter. Zimbabwe (zim BAH bway), which became the center of a flourishing the next two pages. Turn them into questions that you I empire in the 1400s. Zimbabwe lay on the trade route between the would expect to find the answers Have students read The Muslim Link east coast and the interior of Africa. Traders passing through to as you read. and The African Link using the Para- Zimbabwe had to pay taxes on their goods. graph Shrinking strategy (TE, p. T23). Trade brought prosperity to a number of cities along the east I Ask: What does it mean to say that coast of Africa. Kilwa, the chief trading center, attracted merchant merchants “carried their culture with ships from as far away as China. Kilwa traders did a brisk trade with them as they traveled”? the African interior, exchanging cloth, pottery, and manufactured (The languages goods for gold, ivory, and furs. An active slave trade also developed used by merchants, their customs and reli- between East Africa and Asia across the Indian Ocean. gious beliefs, their ideas in areas such as art and science were part of their cultures.) I Ask: How did the trade network link- ing the Middle East and West Africa benefit people in both regions? (people Merchants in the in the Middle East wanted gold from West Middle East Africa, and people in West Africa needed salt At outdoor bazaars, Muslim from the desert.) Cardamom merchants bought and sold goods from around the world. Probably Independent Practice the most valuable goods sold at this Persian bazaar were spices Have students begin to fill in the Study from Southeast Asia, such as the Guide for this section. ones shown here. Critical Thinking: Link Past and Interactive Reading and Present How is this bazaar Notetaking Study Guide, Chapter 1, Curry similar to a modern shopping Section 3 (Adapted Version also available.) area? How is it different? Monitor Progress As students fill in the Notetaking Study Cumin Guide, circulate to make sure they under- stand the trade networks of Africa and Asia. Provide assistance as needed. Section 3 Trade Networks of Asia and Africa 17 Answers Use the information below to teach students this section’s high-use words. through conquest and trade High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence Reading Skill Responses should sphere, p. 17 n. rounded shape be questions about the headings. Some early people believed Earth was flat rather than shaped like a Link Past and Present Possible responses: sphere. It is similar to a modern shopping area alternative, p. 19 adj. providing a choice between two or among more than two things because it is full of buyers and sellers When large animals began to disappear in ancient times, humans doing business; it is different because sell- needed to find alternative food supplies. ers don’t have their own shops, and people are riding animals. Chapter 1 Section 3 17 The East Asian Link in West African Trade Centers Trade networks also linked the Middle East and West Africa. Desert Trade nomads guided caravans, or groups of camels and p. 18 Mansa Musa their cargo, across the vast Sahara, the largest desert 1280?–1337 in the world. Instruction L2 Ghana was the first major center of trade in West I Have students read The East Asian Africa. The kingdom was located between the Link. Remind them to look for details to sources of salt in the desert and the gold fields farther answer the Section Focus Question. south. By the ninth century, the demand for gold had I Ask: What are two reasons for China’s Every Muslim must make a hajj, or grown in the Middle East.
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