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Salvaguardia Dell'erpetofauna Nel Territorio Di Alpe-Adria

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Salvaguardia Dell'erpetofauna Nel Territorio Di Alpe-Adria Unione Europea Direzione centrale risorse agricole, naturali, Repubblica italiana forestali e montagna - Ufficio studi faunistici SALVAGUARDIA DELL’ERPETOFAUNA NEL TERRITORIO DI ALPE-ADRIA SCHUTZ DER HERPETOFAUNA IM ALPEN-ADRIA-RAUM Un contributo della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia a favore della biodiversità Cofinanziato nell’ambito Ko-finanziert im Rahmen dell’iniziativa comunitaria Osterreich - Italien Italia - Austria der Gemeinschaftsinitiativen Interreg III A Italia-Austria Interreg III Interreg III A Österreich-Italien Direzione centrale risorse agricole, naturali, forestali e montagna - Ufficio studi faunistici - Udine, marzo 2007 Nella pagina precedente: la xilografia cinquecentesca dell’incisore udinese Genesio Liberale illustra la raccolta di vipere per scopi medicali e rappresenta la prima raffigurazione della vipera dal corno nell’iconografia scientifica europea (da MATTHIOLI [376: 190]). Due secoli dopo uno di questi serpenti fu ucciso vicino al ©2007 Direzione centrale risorse agricole, naturali, Castello di Duino (Trieste) e venne donato a K. von Linné, forestali e montagna - Ufficio studi faunistici. che nel 1758 gli diede il nome di Coluber ammodytes, Udine, marzo 2007. valido ancor oggi (= Vipera ammodytes) [355]. A pag. 4, riflessi presso una polla nel Sito di Importanza Vietata la riproduzione anche parziale dei testi e delle Comunitaria “Risorgive del Vinchiaruzzo” in provincia di fotografie. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Pordenone. Il patrimonio naturale costituisce una risorsa essenziale e limitata che l’Amministrazione regionale intende valorizzare e conservare per le generazioni future. Fra queste la componente animale è certamente un ele- mento indispensabile e particolarmente vulnerabile. Gli anfibi ed i rettili rappresentano in tal senso un esempio emblematico, infatti soprattutto i primi vedono la propria esistenza condizionata dalla presenza di habitat umidi particolarmente minacciati a causa della loro progressiva trasformazione e frammentazione. Per questo la fauna ad anfibi e rettili del territorio regionale, che ha connotati di assoluta eccezionalità nel- l'ambito italiano, deve essere attentamente studiata e tutelata. Il Progetto Interreg sviluppato con il contributo di risorse finanziarie della Regione, è un esempio di come qualsiasi strategia di valorizzazione del territorio e della sua biodiversità può essere sviluppata soltanto in stretto accordo fra i Paesi dell’Unione Europea attraverso un approccio di scambio e coordinamento tran- sfrontaliero fra le Regioni dei territori confinanti. Nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, la rete delle aree protette regionali comprende due grandi Parchi (Prealpi Giulie e Dolomiti Friulane), 12 Riserve e 27 Biotopi naturali mentre la Rete di Natura 2000, creata per rafforzare la rete ecologica per la conservazione della diversità biologica e del patrimonio naturale della Regione è attualmente costituita da 58 fra Siti di Importanza Comunitaria e Zone di Protezione Speciale poste sotto tutela. Tale sforzo, assieme alle iniziative che come questa, mirano alla ricerca e all’approfondimento delle strategie di conservazione, costituisce un importante passo in avanti che l’Amministrazione regionale ha deciso di compiere in direzione di una sempre più attenta valorizzazione del territorio e della risorsa che esso rappresenta per il nostro presente e futuro. Enzo Marsilio Assessore regionale alle risorse agricole, naturali, forestali e montagna Il Friuli Venezia Giulia presenta al proprio interno una varietà di paesaggi naturali davvero incredibile. La regione è infatti un’importante crocevia di scambio non soltanto per le popolazioni umane e le culture del passato e del presente ma anche per differenti contingenti di specie animali e vegetali che su questa terra instaurano rapporti di contatto e di scambio. Tutto ciò rende il Friuli Venezia Giulia unico in termini di bio- diversità; e proprio la varietà, in tutte le sue accezioni è uno degli elementi su cui occorre puntare di più nel futuro come elemento di distinzione utile a valorizzare il territorio di una Regione che come la nostra può diventare sempre di più un esempio virtuoso di sviluppo e di armonia nella diversità. Per tale ragione nell’ambito del contributo comune alla salvaguardia della biodiversità del pianeta che cia- scun Paese e Regione è chiamato a dare, ci è sembrato importante dedicare uno spazio di approfondimento alla conservazione di due classi di animali ancora poco conosciute ma che per il loro stretto legame con l’habitat naturale, rappresentano un simbolo del rapporto che unisce tutte le specie, compreso l’uomo, al territorio in cui esse vivono. La scelta dell’immagine di copertina vuole essere un auspicio affinché il canto delle raganelle che tanto ci rimanda alle serate della tarda primavera nelle nostre campagne, non rimanga soltanto un ricordo fissato nell’immaginario collettivo del passato, ma continui sempre ad essere una realtà viva del nostro territorio. Augusto Viola Direttore centrale risorse agricole, naturali, forestali e montagna Sommario pagina INTRODUZIONE (L. Lapini & S. Fabian) . 7 ANFIBI E RETTILI NEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA 300 milioni di anni di evoluzione (F. M. Dalla Vecchia) Storia della paleoerpetologia nel Friuli Venezia Giulia . 11 Checklist ragionata della fauna erpetologica fossile del Friuli Venezia Giulia . 12 Stato delle conoscenze sull’erpetofauna attuale (L. Lapini) Cenni storici . 27 Le conoscenze su anfibi e rettili, aggiornate al luglio 2006: un primo contributo del Progetto Interreg. 32 Le conoscenze aggiornate sugli anfibi . 32 Checklist ragionata degli anfibi segnalati nella regione Friuli Venezia Giulia . 33 Le conoscenze aggiornate sui rettili . 43 Checklist ragionata dei rettili segnalati nella regione Friuli Venezia Giulia . 44 SVILUPPI ED ESITI DEL PROGETTO INTERREG Le rane verdi, indicatori biologici di pressione antropica nell’Italia nord-orientale (L. Lapini, M. Capula & M. G. Filippucci) Premessa . 59 Il biomonitoraggio ambientale attraverso le rane verdi . 62 Materiali e metodi utilizzati per la ricerca condotta nell’ambito del Progetto Interreg Generalità . 63 Selezione delle aree di campionamento e numero di campioni . 63 Determinazione dei campioni . 65 Fenetica . 65 Genetica . 66 Risultati . 66 Considerazioni conclusive . 71 La conservazione dell’erpetofauna (L. Lapini, T. Fiorenza, S. Fabian & F. Florit) Esigenze di conservazione . 73 Anfibi . 73 Rettili . 77 La protezione della fauna erpetologica in Italia . 80 La situazione normativa nella Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia . 82 Iniziative di salvaguardia dell’erpetofauna nella regione Friuli Venezia Giulia . 86 Anfibi e strade: definizione di una prima lista di percorsi riproduttivi a forte rischio d’investimento stradale . 89 Definizione delle priorità di conservazione dell’erpetofauna nell’Italia nord-orientale (L. Lapini) Premessa . 99 Basi di calcolo per la costruzione di una scala di rischio biologico . 100 Fattori e punteggi di rischio biologico per gli anfibi e i rettili della regione Friuli Venezia Giulia . 102 Stime numeriche analitiche . 105 Considerazioni numeriche di sintesi . 106 Considerazioni statistiche Approccio univariato . 107 Approccio multivariato . 108 Sensibilità degli anfibi alle diverse cause di rischio biologico . 109 Sensibilità dei rettili alle diverse cause di rischio biologico . 110 Osservazioni conclusive . 110 Allestimento e ripristino di alcuni biotopi riproduttivi (S. Fabian & L. Lapini) Alcune esperienze esterne al Progetto: l’esempio del Carso Triestino . 115 Interventi di ripristino nell’ambito del Progetto Interreg Alpi e Prealpi . 117 Monitoraggi . 123 Bassa pianura friulana . 124 Monitoraggi . 130 Utilizzo dei serbatoi d’acqua artificiali come potenziali siti di riproduzione per gli anfibi . 131 Iniziative di divulgazione e sensibilizzazione (S. Fabian & L. Lapini) . 133 Predisposizione di tabelle illustrative per gli stagni realizzati nell’ambito del Progetto Interreg . 137 CONSIDERAZIONI CONCLUSIVE E APPENDICI Conclusioni e prospettive (L. Lapini & S. Fabian) . 141 Riassunto trilingue del Progetto italiano (L. Lapini) . 144 Riassunto trilingue del Progetto austriaco (K. Smole-Wiener & K. Krainer) . 148 Riassunto trilingue del Progetto sloveno (K. Poboljšaj, M. Cipot & P. Presetnik) . ..
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