The History of Physics
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Bull. Hist. Chem. 11
Bull. is. Cem. 11 ( 79 In consequence of this decision, many of the references in the index to volumes 1-20, 1816-26, of the Quarterly Journal of interleaved copy bear no correspondence to anything in the text Science and the Arts, published in 1826, in the possession of of the revised editions, the Royal Institution, has added in manuscript on its title-page Yet Faraday continued to add references between the dates "Made by M. Faraday", Since the cumulative index was of the second and third editions, that is, between 1830 and largely drawn from the separate indexes of each volume, it is 1842, One of these is in Section XIX, "Bending, Bowing and likely that the recurrent task of making those was also under- Cutting of Glass", which begins on page 522. It is listed as taken by Faraday. If such were indeed the case, he would have "Grinding of Glass" and refers to Silliman's Journal, XVII, had considerable experience in that kind of harmless drudgery, page 345, The reference is to a paper by Elisha Mitchell, dating from the days when his position at the Royal Institution Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, &c. at the University of was still that of an assistant to William Brande. Carolina, entitled "On a Substitute for WeIdler's Tube of Safety, with Notices of Other Subjects" (11). This paper is frn nd t interesting as it contains a reference to Chemical Manipulation and a practical suggestion on how to cut glass with a hot iron . M. aaay, Chl Mnpltn n Intrtn t (11): Stdnt n Chtr, n th Mthd f rfrn Exprnt f ntrtn r f rh, th Ar nd S, iis, M. -
A Brief Tour Into the History of Gravity: from Emocritus to Einstein
American Journal of Space Science 1 (1): 33-45, 2013 ISSN: 1948-9927 © 2013 Science Publications doi:10.3844/ajssp.2013.33.45 Published Online 1 (1) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajss.toc) A Brief Tour into the History of Gravity: From Emocritus to Einstein Panagiotis Papaspirou and Xenophon Moussas Department of Physics, Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT The History of Gravity encompasses many different versions of the idea of the Gravitational interaction, which starts already from the Presocratic Atomists, continues to the doctrines of the Platonic and Neoplatonic School and of the Aristotelian School, passes through the works of John Philoponus and John Bouridan and reaches the visions of Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. Then, the major breakthrough in the Theory of Motion and the Theory of Gravity takes place within the realm of Isaac Newton’s most famous Principia and of the work of Gottfried Leibniz, continues with the contributions of the Post- newtonians, such as Leonhard Euler, reaches the epoch of its modern formulation by Ernst Mach and other Giants of Physics and Philosophy of this epoch, enriches its structure within the work of Henry Poincare and finally culminates within the work of Albert Einstein, with the formulation of the Theory of Special Relativity and of General Relativity at the begin of the 20th century. The evolution of the Theory of General Relativity still continues up to our times, is rich in forms it takes and full of ideas of theoretical strength. Many fundamental concepts of the Epistemology and the History of Physics appear in the study of the Theory of Gravity, such as the notions of Space, of Time, of Motion, of Mass, in its Inertial, Active Gravitational and Passive Gravitational form, of the Inertial system of reference, of the Force, of the Field, of the Riemannian Geometry and of the Field Equations. -
Newton.Indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag
omslag Newton.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag. 1 e Dutch Republic proved ‘A new light on several to be extremely receptive to major gures involved in the groundbreaking ideas of Newton Isaac Newton (–). the reception of Newton’s Dutch scholars such as Willem work.’ and the Netherlands Jacob ’s Gravesande and Petrus Prof. Bert Theunissen, Newton the Netherlands and van Musschenbroek played a Utrecht University crucial role in the adaption and How Isaac Newton was Fashioned dissemination of Newton’s work, ‘is book provides an in the Dutch Republic not only in the Netherlands important contribution to but also in the rest of Europe. EDITED BY ERIC JORINK In the course of the eighteenth the study of the European AND AD MAAS century, Newton’s ideas (in Enlightenment with new dierent guises and interpre- insights in the circulation tations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton of knowledge.’ and the Netherlands Newton’s Prof. Frans van Lunteren, sudden success is analyzed in Leiden University great depth and put into a new perspective. Ad Maas is curator at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, the Netherlands. Eric Jorink is researcher at the Huygens Institute for Netherlands History (Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences). / www.lup.nl LUP Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 1 Newton and the Netherlands Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 2 Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. -
Introduction
Introduction Queen's College, the predecessor of Rutgers University, was the eighth college to be founded in the American colonies. The early colonial colleges were founded to meet the emerging needs for an educated clergy, and to provide education to other leaders of the community. The religious leaders of the colonies were foremost in the movements to establish these colleges. Although denominational sponsorship was critical to the founding and early support of the colleges, there were generally no religious tests for students, and the colleges were chartered by the colonies. Leaders of the Puritan Congregational Church founded Harvard College in 1636 with a bequest of £400 from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The College was organized and named Harvard College in 1639, and chartered in 1650. The traditional list of colonial colleges that followed Harvard College begins with William and Mary College, which was founded in 1693 by leaders of the Anglican Episcopal Church, followed by Yale College, which was founded in 1701 by leaders of the Puritan Congregational Church. The College of Philadelphia (later University of Pennsylvania) was founded in 1740 by Benjamin Franklin and other leading citizens of Philadelphia, and had the weakest religious connections of the colonial colleges. The College of New Jersey (later Princeton College) was founded in 1746 by leaders of the Presbyterian Church, King's College (later Columbia College) was founded in 1754 by leaders of the Anglican Episcopal Church, and the College of Rhode Island (later Brown College) was founded in 1764 by leaders of the Baptist Church. 1 History of Physics and Astronomy Some elements of physics and astronomy were taught in the colonial colleges from the time they opened. -
L. Observations on Some Peculiar Properties Acquired by Plates of Platina, Which Have Been Used As the Electrodes of a Voltaic Battery
Philosophical Magazine Series 3 ISSN: 1941-5966 (Print) 1941-5974 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm14 L. Observations on some peculiar properties acquired by plates of platina, which have been used as the electrodes of a voltaic battery Golding Bird M.D. F.L.S. F.G.S. To cite this article: Golding Bird M.D. F.L.S. F.G.S. (1838) L. Observations on some peculiar properties acquired by plates of platina, which have been used as the electrodes of a voltaic battery , Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 13:83, 379-386, DOI: 10.1080/14786443808649597 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786443808649597 Published online: 01 Jun 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 3 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=3phm20 Download by: [University of California, San Diego] Date: 26 June 2016, At: 07:29 Dr. {3. Bird on certain Properties of Platina Electrodes. 379 tive or negative divergence. The discharge took place in both my cases on a leaf of writing paper moistened with distilled water, which was applied to the inferior plate of the condenser, while another leaf of moist paper covering the upper plate was touched with the fingers in order to make everything alike on both sides with respect to the condenser. The most simple form of the experiment might however be this; that a zinc condenser plate should be immediately touched with the moist fingers, which, as others have already observed, is sufficient to produce a negative shock. -
What's the Problem with the Cosmological Constant?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Philsci-Archive What’s the problem with the cosmological constant? Mike D. Schneider∗y Abstract The “Cosmological Constant Problem” (CCP) is widely considered a crisis in contemporary theoretical physics. Unfortunately, the search for its resolution is hampered by open disagreement about what is, strictly, the problem. This disagreement stems from the observation that the CCP is not a problem within any of our current theories, and nearly all of the details of those future theories for which the CCP could be made a problem are up for grabs. Given this state of affairs, I discuss how one ought to make sense of the role of the CCP in physics and generalize some lessons from it. ∗To contact the author, write to: Mike D. Schneider, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of California, Irvine; e-mail: [email protected]. yI would like to thank James Owen Weatherall and Erik Curiel for their steering comments on earlier drafts of this paper. I am also grateful for the many questions and comments from members of the Southern California Philosophy of Physics reading group, as well as for the positive reception of the paper at the Philosophy of Logic, Math, and Physics graduate student conference at the Rotman Institute of Philosophy at Western University. Finally, I am indebted to Jeffrey Barrett, JB Manchak, Hannah Rubin, Kyle Stanford, and John Earman, as well as to an anonymous reviewer and an editor for pushing me to make my punchlines clearer. -
Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works Faculty Publications 5-4-2017 Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics Asim Gangopadhyaya Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/physics_facpubs Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Gangopadhyaya, Asim, "Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics" (2017). Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works. 49. https://ecommons.luc.edu/physics_facpubs/49 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © Wipf and Stock Publishers 2017 WHERE HAVE ALL THE HEAVENS GONE? . Science and Religion, 400 B. C.toA.D.i550; From Aristotle to Copernicus. Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004. Land, Barbara. The Telescope Makers: From Galileo to the Space Age. New York; Crowell, 1968. Lindberg, David C. The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. "Galileo, the Church, and the Cosmos." In When Science and 5 Christianity Meet, edited by David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers, 33-60. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Lindberg, David C, and Ronald L. Numbers. When Science and Christianity Galileo's Contribution to Mechanics Meet. -
A Short History of Physics (Pdf)
A Short History of Physics Bernd A. Berg Florida State University PHY 1090 FSU August 28, 2012. References: Most of the following is copied from Wikepedia. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 1 / 25 Introduction Philosophy and Religion aim at Fundamental Truths. It is my believe that the secured part of this is in Physics. This happend by Trial and Error over more than 2,500 years and became systematic Theory and Observation only in the last 500 years. This talk collects important events of this time period and attaches them to the names of some people. I can only give an inadequate presentation of the complex process of scientific progress. The hope is that the flavor get over. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 2 / 25 Physics From Acient Greek: \Nature". Broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists or is known to exist. In many ways, physics stems from acient greek philosophy and was known as \natural philosophy" until the late 18th century. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 3 / 25 Ancient Physics: Remarkable people and ideas. Pythagoras (ca. 570{490 BC): a2 + b2 = c2 for rectangular triangle: Leucippus (early 5th century BC) opposed the idea of direct devine intervention in the universe. He and his student Democritus were the first to develop a theory of atomism. Plato (424/424{348/347) is said that to have disliked Democritus so much, that he wished his books burned. -
Samuel Simms Medical Collection
Shelfmark Title Author Publication Information Clinical lectures on diseases of the nervous system, delivered at the Infirmary of La Salpêtrière / by Charcot, J. M. (Jean London : New Sydenham Society, Simm/ RC358 CHAR Professor J.M. Charcot ; translated by Thomas Sv ill ; containing eighty-six woodcuts. Martin) 1889. Simm/ p QP101 FAUR Ars medica Italorum laus : la scoperta della circolazione del sangue è gloria italiana. Faure, Giovanni. Roma : Don Luigi Guanella" 1933 Brockbank, Edward Manchester (Eng.) : G. Falkner, Simm/ p QD22.D2 BROC John Dalton, experimental physiologist and would-be physician / by E. M. Brockbank. Mansfield, 1866- 1929. Queen's University of q Z988 QUEE Interim short-title list of Samuel Simms collection (in the Medical Library). Belfast. Library. Belfast : 1965-1972. Sepulchretum, sive, Anatomia practica : ex cadaveribus morbo denatis, proponens historias et observationes omnium humani corporis affectuum, ipsorumq : causas reconditas revelans : quo nomine, tam pathologiæ genuinæ, quà m nosocomiæ orthodoxæ fundatrix, imo medicinæ veteris Bonet, Théophile, Genevæ : Sumptibus Cramer & Simm/ f RB24 BONE ac novæ promptuarium, dici meretur : cum indicibus necessariis / Theophili Boneti. 1620-1689. Perachon, 1700. Jo. Baptistæ Morgagni P. P. P. P. De sedibus, et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis libri quinque : Dissectiones, et animadversiones, nunc primum editas, complectuntur propemodum innumeras, medicis, chirurgis, anatomicis profuturas. Multiplex præfixus est index rerum, & nominum Morgagni, Giambattista, Venetiis : Ex typographia Simm/ f RB24 MORG accuratissimus. Tomus primus (-secundus). 1682-1771. Remondiniana, MDCCLXI (1761). Ortus medicinae, id est Initia physicae inaudita : progressus medicinae nouus, in morborum vltionem Lugduni : Sumptibus Ioan. Ant. ad vitam longam / authore Ioan. Baptista Van Helmont ... ; edente authoris filio Francisco Mercurio Van Helmont, Jean Baptiste Huguetan, & Guillielmi Barbier, Simm/ f R128.7 HELM Helmont ; cum eius praefatione ex Belgico translata. -
A Cultural History of Physics
Károly Simonyi A Cultural History of Physics Translated by David Kramer Originally published in Hungarian as A fizika kultûrtörténete, Fourth Edition, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1998, and published in German as Kulturgeschichte der Physik, Third Edition, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main, 2001. First Hungarian edition 1978. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Version Date: 20111110 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-56881-329-5 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowl- edged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. -
Primary Hyperoxaluria 1
PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA General Awareness Programme CME on PRIMARY/ CONGENITAL OXALURIA Introduction, Scope of the Problem & Need to Heighten Dr. K S Nayak Deccan Hospitals Hyderabad Golding Bird (1814 – 1854) was a British doctor and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians He became an authority on kidney ailments and published a comprehensive paper on urinary deposits in 1844. He was also notable for his work in related sciences, especially the medical uses of electricity and electrochemistry From 1836, he lectured at Guy’s Hospital and published a popular textbook on science for medical students called: Elements of Natural Philosophy. In 1842, Dr Golding Bird became the first to describe Oxaluria, sometimes called Bird's disease. In his great work Urinary Deposits, Bird devoted much space to the identification of chemicals in urine by microscopic examination of the appearance of crystals in it. He showed how the appearance of crystals of the same chemical can vary greatly under differing conditions, and especially how the appearance changes with disease. Urinary Deposits became a standard text on the subject; there were five editions between 1844 and 1857. Bird’s Disease Uric acid crystals drawn by Bird. On the left are crystals formed in normal urine; on the right, crystals from a patient suffering from kidney stones Hyperoxaluria Hyperoxaluria - Excess oxalate excretion in the urine, is the salt form of Increased oxalate in the urine can come from- Excess oxalate in foods oxalic acid, and is a natural end product of metabolism -
Forgotten Contributions of Huygens in Today Teaching and Learning
European J of Physics Education Volume 10 Issue 4 1309-7202 Slisko & Cruz String Tension in Pendulum and Circular Motions: Forgotten Contributions of Huygens in Today Teaching And Learning Josip Slisko Adrián Corona Cruz Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla, México [email protected] (Received 30.08.2019, Accepted 22.11.2019) Abstract Many authors suggest that is necessary to include the most important episodes from physics history in teaching and learning in order to give students some ideas about the nature of science. The pendulum-related aspects are considered as very adequate for that purpose. Unfortunately, when some physics textbook authors present historical information, it is frequently incomplete and even false. In the first part of this article, we present and comment important results of Huygens’ analysis of two problems related to pendular and circular motions. These results were published in his work about centrifugal force “De vi centrifuga”. In the second part, we consider the destiny and different treatments of his results in today physics teaching and learning, noting that Huygens’ contribution is never mentioned. These treatments go from (1) testing students (and teachers’) ideas about tension force in pendular motion to (2) mathematical derivation of Huygens’ results or posing his problems to students. Finally, we briefly suggest how original results might be used to give students an idea about development of mathematical tools in physics and to explore students’ creative experimental thinking. Key words: History of physics, tension in pendulum, conceptual understanding of pendulum physics, measurement by force sensor. INTRODUCTION History of physics and science and their use in teaching were once quite polemic and controversial (Hanson, 1955; Brush, 1974), being an issue calling for critical considerations (Russel, 1981; Jung, 1994).