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Increasing inclusive mobility in Amsterdam: micro and shared mobility adapted to people with a disability A qualitative study on the needs and wishes of people living with a disability Evi Berendrecht Patricia Ceven Marc Lengkeek Mees Bode Esmée Hessel Zeynab Mohamed Philip Breuer Robert Jansen Claudia van den Oosten Increasing inclusive mobility in Amsterdam: micro and shared mobility adapted to people with a disability A qualitative study on the needs and wishes of people living with a disability October 22, 2020 Amsterdam, The Netherlands Authors: Evi Berendrecht 2681819 [email protected] Mees Bode 2704354 [email protected] Philip Breuer 2707822 [email protected] Patricia Ceven 2652369 [email protected] Esmée Hessel 2600937 [email protected] Robert Jansen 2601259 [email protected] Marc Lengkeek 2707207 [email protected] Zeynab Mohamed 2690234 [email protected] Claudia van den Oosten 2707038 [email protected] External commissioner: Internal commissioner: Christiaan Zandstra Mitzi Waltz [email protected] [email protected] Commissioning parties: Vervoerregio Amsterdam Municipality of Amsterdam Jodenbreestraat 25 Weesperstraat 113 1011 NH Amsterdam 1018 VN Amsterdam 020-5273700 14 020 Assignment board: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Master: Management, Policy Analysis and Entrepreneurship in Health and Life Sciences De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam 020-5989898 Coach-supervisor: Evert van Grol [email protected] 1 Preface Motivation This report has been written on behalf of the municipality of Amsterdam and Vervoerregio Amsterdam, who were interested in the needs and wishes of people living with a disability regarding micro and shared modes transportation in and around Amsterdam. The external commissioner was Christiaan Zandstra, involved in both of these organisations. The internal commissioner was Mitzi Waltz. The report intends to demarcate the problem of inclusivity of micro and shared mobility, stakeholders involved in this problem, and opportunities to improve the inclusivity of micro and shared mobility. This report will bring different perspectives and ideas of user groups who are still unable to use the currently available micro and shared mobility options together. Based on this report, interventions and adaptations can be made to increase inclusivity of micro and shared mobility in Amsterdam. The audience for which this report is intended consists of civil servants and policy makers in Amsterdam. The report has been created by nine masters students from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam: Evi Berendrecht, Mees Bode, Philip Breuer, Patricia Ceven, Esmée Hessel, Robert Jansen, Marc Lengkeek, Zeynab Mohamed and Claudia van den Oosten. Acknowledgements We would like to express our appreciation to all people and organisations who provided us with the opportunity to complete this report. First of all, we would like to thank Vervoerregio Amsterdam and the municipality of Amsterdam for providing us with the opportunity of conducting this research. Secondly, we would like to express our gratitude towards our external commissioner Christaan Zandstra for providing us with additional information regarding the research topic and bringing us into contact with stakeholders and representatives of patient organisations. Furthermore, we would like to thank our internal commissioner Mitzi Waltz for providing us with extra insights on inclusive micro and shared mobility. Additionally, our gratitude goes out to all representatives of the following organisations who participated in interviews for this study: Ieder(in), Cliëntenbelang Amsterdam, ​ ​ ​ ​ Oogvereniging Nederland, municipality of Amsterdam, CROW and De Zonnebloem. Finally, we ​ ​ ​ would particularly like to thank our coach Evert van Grol for his supervision and advice during this project. Without his advice, we would not have been able to bring our report on to the level it is at now. 2 Executive summary For most residents of Amsterdam, public transport is a frequently used way of travelling. However, for people living with a disability, public transport is not always accessible. They are often dependent on additional public transport, but this transportation mode has many drawbacks. Although multiple projects tackling inclusivity in transport have been set up, people with a disability do not experience the same possibilities when it comes to transport as people without a disability. The municipality of Amsterdam and Vervoerregio Amsterdam aim for a safe collective mobility system that is easy to use for all residents. The focus has not yet been on micro and shared mobility. In the current study, micro mobility refers to a range of small, lightweight and low-speed vehicles that are driven personally by their users and are mostly used for relatively short distances. Shared mobility is the shared use of a vehicle or other transportation modes. Investigation of the needs and wishes of people with a disability concerning micro and shared mobility in and around Amsterdam is needed. The research objective of the current study was to make recommendations to the municipality of Amsterdam and Vervoerregio Amsterdam on how to increase inclusivity in micro and shared mobility modes of transport by analysing the needs and wishes of people living with a disability concerning micro and shared mobility in and around Amsterdam. The research question was as follows: What are the needs and wishes of ​ people living with a disability that are unable to use the currently available micro and shared mobility modes of transport in and around Amsterdam? For this research, an adapted version of the unmet travel needs model was used, which provides five domains to analyse the needs and wishes regarding transport. The five concepts that could be derived from this model were: transportation, health and well-being, built environment, ​ ​ ​ ​ activity and demographics. Based on these concepts, the following five sub-research questions were ​ ​ developed: ● What do people living with a disability need and wish for regarding the transport with micro and shared mobility modes? ● What is the influence of the health and well-being of people living with a disability on their needs and wishes regarding micro and shared mobility modes? ● What do people living with a disability need and wish for concerning the built environment around micro and shared mobility modes? ● What activities do people living with a disability need and wish to use micro and shared mobility modes for? ● What is the influence of demographic characteristics of people living with a disability on their needs and wishes regarding micro and shared mobility modes? The data has been gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with eight representatives of patient organisations, the municipality of Amsterdam, a knowledge institute for transport and infrastructure and a provider of a current form of shared mobility for people with a disability. The analysis of the data was conducted through Atlas.ti. The key messages that were derived from the results could be subdivided into the five concepts from the conceptual model. Concerning transportation, people living with a disability need and wish for forms of micro and shared mobility that can be used independently and can easily be planned through a single integrated platform. The influence of their health and well-being on needs and wishes is broad, as people with diverse types of impairments have diverse abilities. The built environment 3 around micro and shared mobility modes needs to be safe and barrier-free. Accessible micro and shared mobility modes should be available for daily activities, such as school and work, and for family visits and recreational purposes. Demographic characteristics of people living with a disability also have a significant influence on their needs and wishes regarding micro and shared mobility modes: they should be able to be used independently, they should be affordable, and they should be accessible to people of older age. Additional findings were that mobility providers also play an important role in the development of micro and shared mobility, and advice about and examples of micro and shared transportation options were offered. Based on these results, it can be established that people living with a disability need and wish for an accessible form of micro and shared mobility that can be used safely and independently, can be easily planned, is available for different types of activities, is affordable and can be used by a wide range of people living with different disabilities. Based on these results, the following three recommendations were provided to the municipality of Amsterdam and Vervoerregio Amsterdam: (1) current public transportation modes should be improved to be more inclusive for people living with a disability, (2) current additional public transportation options should be improved, (3) custom mobility services for specific groups of people living with a disability should be implemented. A couple of limitations of the current study were addressed. Firstly, it was difficult to discover the specific needs and wishes per disability group, because the study focussed on a wide variety of impairments. Additionally, representatives of the relatively broad patient organisations were unable to speak on behalf of the large, heterogeneous population. Furthermore, most involved organisations were active on a national scale, which resulted in more general opinions and advice from
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