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Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Antibiotic-Based Ionic Liquids and GUMBOS Against Pathogenic Bacteria" (2012)

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Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Antibiotic-Based Ionic Liquids and GUMBOS Against Pathogenic Bacteria Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Chemical and biological evaluation of antibiotic- based ionic liquids and GUMBOS against pathogenic bacteria Marsha Rae Cole Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Cole, Marsha Rae, "Chemical and biological evaluation of antibiotic-based ionic liquids and GUMBOS against pathogenic bacteria" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 487. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/487 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS AND GUMBOS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry by Marsha Cole B.S., Grambling State University, 2007 August 2012 To the legacy of Williams and Coles…past, present, and future ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Trust in the Lord with all thine heart and lean not unto thine own understanding, in all thy ways acknowledge Him and He will make your paths straight.” King James Bible, Proverbs 3:5-6 First and foremost, I would like to thank Jesus Christ, my Lord and Savior, for keeping me while directing my path through the tumultuous journeys and painful experiences that I have tread in my life. I understand that this accolade would be completely unattainable if it were not for Him. So I humbly submit my gratitude for His continual direction from the start of this journey through the beginning of my next. All glory is to Him. Secondly, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Isiah M. Warner, for allowing me the opportunity to conduct research in his laboratory. I am especially grateful to him for allowing me to pursue my own ideas and experiments in the lab, thus molding me into the independent and resourceful research chemist that I am. Although the numerous group meetings, journal revisions, seminars, and research colloquia that we were required to attend each week sometimes seemed like cruel and unusual punishment, I am appreciative for them since they have helped me to continue learning even after my formal coursework was complete. I cannot thank both you and Mrs. Warner enough for your support, encouragement, and kind gestures. I will miss the laughs and the hugs. Thank you for being my extended family. Thirdly, I would like to thank all of the graduate students, postdocs, and undergraduate students that I have worked with over the years while matriculating as a Ph.D. student. I will miss you all dearly. Many of you have grown to be more like brothers and sisters than friends and I hope like family are bonds that will be forever. I thank you all for the laughter in times I wanted to iii cry, for reading scripture and fellowshipping when I’ve missed church, singing badly along to the radio with, shopping and bargain hunting for clothes and shoes, for providing insight and comfort during demanding and stressful times, falling victim to prank calls, and in general for making time spent in and out of the lab much more enjoyable. All of you have contributed something so special and endearing to me and have made this Ph.D. journey an invaluable experience. Likewise, I appreciate you for always being there to help with experiments and presentations and never being reluctant to help answer my thousands of questions. I thank the members of my committee: Dr. Daniel Hayes, Dr. Robert Cook, Dr. Marlene Janes, and Dr. James Moroney for taking the time out of each of their schedules to serve on my committee and for always perpetuating my boundless curiosity with their insightful questions. I also thank Dr. Jeffrey Hobden and Dr. George Stanley, although not formal committee members, for being resourceful and honest when I sought guidance. Last but not least, I thank Dr. Saundra McGuire, an angel in disguise, a wizard of academic success, and a doctor of educational crises. You have selflessly listened and contributed encouragement while reinforcing confidence when I thought the Ph.D. was too difficult to obtain. I thank you for getting me through many of the road bumps that are evident in this journey, and I think God couldn’t have placed a woman any better than you to serve as a mentor and comforter to me. Most importantly, I thank you for your countless encouragement, recommendations, and support as I tried to collect my abstract approach to science and mount it into something bigger than I could have ever imagined. Thank you for understanding that honesty, hardwork, and serendipitous ambition are my best attributes. As I conclude this chapter of my life, I cannot help but acknowledge the other people who have also helped get me to this point. These people will always hold a special place in my heart and will never be forgotten. Thank you to my undergraduate chemistry professors: Dr. Danny iv Hubbard, Dr. Allen Miles, Dr. Bobby Burkes, Dr. Frank Ohene amongst other “Grambling” friends and family. You all have been instrumental in my future and I truly believe that each of you have helped lay the foundation that was necessary for me to make it to this point. Special thanks to my friends from home and at Grambling for the fun times that helped me relieve stress during study hours, whether it was giggles over “Rotel Nachos”, free styling amateur rap lyrics, playing beauty shop, running midnight “fat-attacks” to TCBY and Popeyes or simple sisterly relations eating “skee-wee cakes” and taunting BB the cat, each moment shared is memorable and always helped me enjoy my journey through each phase of this academic career. Lastly, I give a very special acknowledgement to my own personal support system: Mark and Patti Cole (my parents) and Marcus Cole (my brother) for without them I would have never been encouraged to pursue something so daring, foreign, and pressing. I love you all with every ounce of my breath and drop of my blood. I want you to know that I am proud to represent our family and our name. I am eternally grateful for your love and support because this accolade was not only for me, but it was for us. Thank you Daddy for teaching me the “6 P’s” and that the only security in life is the one that I create for myself. Because of your wisdom, I have secured my future as a trailblazer and not as a statistic. Papa Bear, consider yourself a success as a parent. Mommy, I appreciate you for being my best friend during my loneliest times and my mother during the hardest times. You are the hardest working woman that I have ever known, and I’m glad to know that I have inherited such diligence and perseverance from you. It is because of your strength that I have learned to push through the seeming insanities that accompany the Ph.D. program. Most importantly, you have taught me to smile and stay kind through it all. Marcus, thank you for keeping me focused on the meaningful things in life. You have been my silent knight and I thank you for always protecting and encouraging me when others would belittle me because I v was “smart”. Since you have stood guard over your kid sister, I have finally become who you knew I could be. I also thank Aunt Paula Ross and Uncle Joseph Williams for always looking out for me whenever my parents weren’t able. You two were always there for me both academically and socially and I am grateful for the time that you have contributed to help make the final steps of my education less intense. From teaching me how to read to building kinetic machines, you have impacted me immensely and I will always cherish those memories. I will never forget how you have nurtured my love for education and science. Because of our family, I have become a trailblazer and no other first means more than logging this moment into our family history. Last and definitely not least, I would like to thank Kevin Roberson for your inifinite encouragement, continuous friendship, and enthusiasm during this journey which has given me the motivation to realize this achievement. From the first week of school, we have grown closer and I am thankful to God that he has placed such an awesome man by my side to travel this journey together with. Your cupcakes, cards, and conversation has been a priceless investment to me accomplishing this journey and I want express my gratitude for all you have done for me during this process. I love you all more than time could measure and my gratitude to you extends infinitely beyond the measures of this world. Thank you…. XOXO Rae vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... ..iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ....…………………………………………………………………………...xiii ABSTRACT..…………………………………………………………………………………....xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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