Are 'Devout Imagination' and 'Seeing Through Images' Coloured by National Identity
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Mission of the Romanian Orthodoxy During the Reign of Neagoe Basarab (1512-1521) Rev Phd Std Marian Bădulescu,1
The mission of the Romanian Orthodoxy during the reign of Neagoe Basarab (1512-1521) Rev PhD Std Marian Bădulescu,1 Abstract: After 1453, the center of the Byzantine culture is preserved in Wallachia, where it takes place a similar phenomenon to the Western Renaissance. The Romanian Orthodoxy had in the person and in the work of the voivode Neagoe Basarab the main missionary exponent outside and inside the country. His main work, Teachings to his son Theodosius, follows the Byzantine tradition and it depicts the model of a prince called to incarnate the first Christian moral ideas, then the political ideal. Compared to similar works in the West, Neagoe's work is the proof that the medieval Romanian Orthodoxy has largely influenced the political thinking of the Romanian rulers in a profoundly human manner. Keywords: internal mission, external mission, Byzantium, Italian Renaissance, humanism, baroque, theological culture, ancient literature, Slavonic language, diplomatic relations, state-church relationship. The Romanians formed as a distinct people and civilization under the cultural and religious influence of Byzantium. The byzantine politics was one of cultural, linguistic, ethnic, racial tolerance under the umbrella of the Orthodox faith (an "Orthodox Commonwealth"). Following this model he managed to keep the Romanians as an oasis of Orthodox Latinity in a great glory. "Every race, which 1 Rev PhD Std Marian Bădulescu at St. „Andrei Şaguna” Orthodox Faculty of Teology from the University „Lucian Blaga” from Sibiu. Pr. Drd. Marian Bădulescu possesses its own customs and laws, it must be allowed to preserve its own characters," said Constantine the Porphyrogenetus in the 10th century.2 The Orthodox Church in the two Romanian provinces manifests during the Middle Ages "as a state church, official – an inheritance from Byzantium - having an important role in the political life of the country and guiding all the cultural and social-humanitarian activity, wrote pr. -
Timeline / 1860 to 1900 / ROMANIA
Timeline / 1860 to 1900 / ROMANIA Date Country Theme 1860 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 7 November: on the initiative of painter Gheorghe Panaitescu-Bardasare, a School of Fine Arts and an art gallery are founded in Ia#i. 1863 Romania Reforms And Social Changes December: the National Gathering of the United Principalities adopts the law through which the land owned by monasteries (more than a quarter of Romania’s surface) becomes property of the state. 1863 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The literary society Junimea, which had an important role in promoting Romanian literature, is founded in Ia#i. In 1867 it begins publishing a periodical in which the works of Romanian writers appear and also translations from worldwide literature. 1864 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces 19 August: establishment of Bucharest’s city hall. Bucharest had been the United Principalities’ capital since 1861. 1864 Romania Economy And Trade 27 October: foundation of the Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 1864 Romania Political Context 14 May: coup d’état of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, who dissolves parliament and proposes a new constitutional project, which is voted the same month and ratified by the Ottoman Empire and the guaranteeing Powers in June 1864. The Statute Expanding the Paris Convention assigned greater power to the prince and the government. 1864 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Dimitrie Bolintineanu, the Minister of Religion and Public Instruction, organises in Bucharest an exhibition displaying works of contemporary Romanian artists, the most important of the time being painters Theodor Aman, Gheorghe Tattarescu and Carol Popp de Szathmari. 1864 Romania Reforms And Social Changes December: the law of public instruction establishes free, compulsory primary education. -
PDF the Establishment of the First Metropolitan See of Wallachia
146 HARVARD SQUARE SYMPOSIUM | THE FUTURE OF KNOWLEDGE The Establishment of the First Metropolitan See of Wallachia Daniel Gligore ABSTRACT: The seat of the first Metropolitan See of Wallachia— which was canonically recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople—was established at Curtea de Argeș, alongside with the Princely seat. This ecclesiastical structure—together with the existing princely seats which were attested long before the foundation of Wallachia—demonstrate that “the [Romanian] nation was born spontaneously and naturally as a Christian nation, because conventional Christianity together with the Latin culture1 contributed to its formation. We are Romanians because we are Christians and we are Christians because we are Romanians.” KEY WORDS: The Metropolitan See of Wallachia, Iachint, Nicolae Alexandru Basarab, Curtea de Argeş, recognition of Metropolitan See. T he recognition of the Metropolitan See of Wallachia by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople at the perseverance of Prince Nicolae Alexandru Basarab—as seen in the two thomoses of the Ecumenical Synod of May 1359—was an act of great complexity and political importance for both sides. The documents mark the establishment of the official relations between the Metropolitan2 See of Wallachia and the Ecumenical Patriarchate; the highest ecclesiastic authority of the Eastern Church (The Orthodox Church). These documents also note the adoption of reciprocal duties, which include the dependence of the Metropolitan See 146 Gligore: First Metropolitan See of Wallachia 147 of Wallachia on Constantinople, and the inclusion of Muntenia’s3 bishop among the members of the Synod of Constantinople. The act of recognition of the Metropolitan See is neither an embryonic act nor an act of establishment.4 It is the acknowledgment of a reality which existed for a long time on the territories from the North of the Danube. -
Acta 116 Kor.Indd
State Consolida on in the Danube Principali es Acta Poloniae Historica 116, 2017 PL ISSN 0001–6829 Mihai-D. Grigore Leibniz Institute of European History, Mainz THE SPACE OF POWER STATE CONSOLIDATION BY MEANS OF RELIGIOUS POLICY IN THE DANUBE PRINCIPALITIES IN THE FOURTEENTH TO SIXTEENTH CENTURIES Abstract This article shows the close link between religious policy, especially that of the confessional option, and the politicization of space in the building processes of territorial states. The study focuses on the two Danube Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, which implemented their state building owing to three decisive steps: i) the jurisdictional option in favour of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople; ii) the territorial and social implementation of the Byzantine- Orthodox faith by institutional infrastructure and monastic reform; iii) the Ortho- dox enculturation of the two Wallachian principalities. The main goal of this chapter is to show how cultural and historical phenomena transform the abstract geo- graphical space into the political space of a state. Keywords: Wallachia, Moldavia, state building, religious policy, confessions, spatial turn, pre-modern and early modern period, South-Eastern Europe I INTRODUCTION During the period between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries the geopolitical situation of the region between the Carpathians and Lower Danube was most complex. Because of its wealth and proximity to the Black Sea, its dynamic commercial centres, and the prosperous Bulgarian and Serbian territories, this area was highly disputed between different powers of both the Latin and Orthodox faiths, not to speak of the Tatars and – after the fourteenth century – the Ottomans. Multiple powers tried to strengthen their ties and interests in the region: the Hungarian and Polish Crowns, the Bulgarian Empire under the Asen dynasty, the Cumans, the fi rst Wallachian voivodes http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/APH.2017.116.02 36 Mihai-D. -
Timeline / 1860 to 1880 / ROMANIA / ALL THEMES
Timeline / 1860 to 1880 / ROMANIA / ALL THEMES Date Country Theme 1860 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 7 November: on the initiative of painter Gheorghe Panaitescu-Bardasare, a School of Fine Arts and an art gallery are founded in Ia#i. 1863 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The literary society Junimea, which had an important role in promoting Romanian literature, is founded in Ia#i. In 1867 it begins publishing a periodical in which the works of Romanian writers appear and also translations from worldwide literature. 1863 Romania Reforms And Social Changes December: the National Gathering of the United Principalities adopts the law through which the land owned by monasteries (more than a quarter of Romania’s surface) becomes property of the state. 1864 Romania Economy And Trade 27 October: foundation of the Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 1864 Romania Political Context 14 May: coup d’état of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, who dissolves parliament and proposes a new constitutional project, which is voted the same month and ratified by the Ottoman Empire and the guaranteeing Powers in June 1864. The Statute Expanding the Paris Convention assigned greater power to the prince and the government. 1864 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces 19 August: establishment of Bucharest’s city hall. Bucharest had been the United Principalities’ capital since 1861. 1864 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces 14 April: the Commune Law is adopted by which cities and towns become urban communes, led by a mayor and a council. All urban communes must have a fire department and a hospital. 1864 Romania Great Inventions Of The 19th Century 4 August: establishment of the General Directorate of the Post and the Telegraph in the United Principalities. -
Timeline / Before 1800 to 1880 / ROMANIA / FINE and APPLIED ARTS
Timeline / Before 1800 to 1880 / ROMANIA / FINE AND APPLIED ARTS Date Country Theme 1813 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Gheorghe Asachi teaches a class of drawing and history of art at the School for Surveying Engineers (Moldavia). 1832 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Gheorghe Asachi founds in Ia#i a lithographic printing press called Institutul Albinei (The Bee Institute). 1843 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Carol Popp de Szathmari, the most important Romanian photographer of the 19th century (born in Cluj, Transylvania), moves to Bucharest, where he opens a photo studio. 1860 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 7 November: on the initiative of painter Gheorghe Panaitescu-Bardasare, a School of Fine Arts and an art gallery are founded in Ia#i. 1864 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Dimitrie Bolintineanu, the Minister of Religion and Public Instruction, organises in Bucharest an exhibition displaying works of contemporary Romanian artists, the most important of the time being painters Theodor Aman, Gheorghe Tattarescu and Carol Popp de Szathmari. 1864 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 14 November: a School of Fine Arts (which today is the National University of Art) is founded in Bucharest by painters Gheorghe Tattarescu and Theodor Aman. 1865 Romania Fine And Applied Arts The first showing of the “Living Artists Exhibition” (for painters and sculptors), organised by painter Theodor Aman, takes place in Ia#i. The annual organisation of such an exhibition is established by a decree issued in December 1864. 1876 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 19 February: birth of the great Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncu#i, author of sculptures such as Mademoiselle Pogany, The Kiss, Bird in Space, and The Endless Column. -
The Structure of the Monastery Church from Curtea De Argeş a Theological Interpretation
European Journal of Science and Theology, March 2010, Vol.6, No.1, 59-66 _______________________________________________________________________ THE STRUCTURE OF THE MONASTERY CHURCH FROM CURTEA DE ARGEŞ A THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION Elisabeta Negrău* The National University of Arts, 19, General Budişteanu Street, 010773, Bucharest, Romania (Received 25 August 2009, revised 24 September 2009) Abstract The monastery church of Curtea de Argeş was not so far examined from the perspective of symbolic meanings of its architectural structure, on which the old descriptions drew attention particularly on several occasions. The present study examines these textual descriptions both of the architecture and of the iconographic program of the paintings and draws some conclusions on the general theological ideas that stood at the basis of this monument. The church is the place where Holy Trinity is dwelling and in which the twelve Apostles have a central place, as the columns which support the Church, symbols of an early Christian origin, also found at the basilicas built by Emperor Constantine in Jerusalem (i.e. Eleona and Holy Sepulchre) and conserved in the Armenian rite of consecrating church foundations. Saints and Holy Fathers also have a main place in the spiritual architecture of the Church, signified by the 318 lilly-shaped stone elements of the balustrade that existed around the catholicon. An interesting allusion to the Psalm 84 was found in the number of the stone discs on the façade, decorated with 84 gilded birds. In the ‘house of Holy Trinity’ at Argeş it is reiterated symbolically the apostolic confession of Faith. Within, among saints, the Wallachian Princes were portrayed in the votive paintings, as new keepers of the Orthodoxy. -
Guide City Tour Bucharest Hopon-Hopoff Sightseeing Bus Tour : Sightseeing-Bus-Tours.Html
Guide city tour Bucharest Hopon-hopoff sightseeing bus tour : http://romaniatourism.com/romania-maps/bucharest/bucharest-hopon-hopoff- sightseeing-bus-tours.html 1 Guide city tour Bucharest Stopp 1: Piata Presei - Herăstrău Park Sos. Kiseleff 32 Bucharest Romania , Herastrau Anyone who still thinks that Bucharest is a city of concrete and cement has clearly never been to the city’s lung, the incomparable Herastrau Park. Quite simply, this glorious park, spread over 187 hectares around Herastrau lake is one of the jewels in Bucharest’s crown, which might explain why half of the city chooses to spend its summer Sunday afternoons here. Herastrau was laid out from 1930-36 on what had until then been mainly marshland around the (natural) lake. The Village Museum - which occupies a large part of Herastrau and which is one of its most popular attractions was created at the same time. As early as the late 19th century, however, parts of the lakeshore served as a promenade for Bucharest’s wealthy, and the area surrounding the lake had long since become the most fashionable in the city. Indeed, the residence of Romania’s royal family, the Elisabeta Palace, is found inside Herastrau (although it is closed to the public). The name Herastrau has been in general use since the early 1960s. Herastrau was long neglected in the wake of the Romanian revolution of 1989, as the priorities of a country in transition lie elsewhere. In recent times however, the park has enjoyed much investment and has for a couple of years now once again been able to claim the title of the city’s best. -
The Uses of Pragmatic Literacy in the Medieval Principalities of Moldavia
Department of Medieval Studies of the Central European University The Uses of Pragmatic Literacy in the Medieval Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (from the State Foundation to the End of the Sixteenth Century) Goina Mariana PhD thesis Budapest, August 9, 2009 CEU eTD Collection 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................4 1.1 A note on sources..........................................................................................................7 1.2 The language diversity within the Moldavian and Wallachian documents......................9 Chapter 2. Social Changes and Dissemination of the Written Record....................................13 2.1 The first known occurrences of writing produced in the territories of Wallachia and Moldavia...........................................................................................................................13 2.2 The early period of state foundation: The scarcity of documents and their recipients ...15 2.3 Changes in social structure and the multiplication of documents..................................21 2.4. Dissemination of written documents into lower social categories: Writing as a tool in changing and reinforcing social boundaries .......................................................................27 2.5. New practices regulating the ownership of land: fraternal adoption and perfection. Women’s right to land inheritance and its relation to writing.............................................36 -
Ghid EN Web.Pdf
Guide financed by Braşov County Council Written and devised: Radu Popica Proof: Simona Tătaru Photos: Nicolae Panaite , Răzvan Precup, Radu Tătaru, Árpád Udvardi DTP: Radu Tătaru English version: Alice Haţegan ISBN 978-606-93303-6-4 Cover: Ştefan Luchian, Anemone The National Gallery 1* comprises a selection of artworks (paintings and sculpture) which are representative for Romanian modern art. The exhibition illustrates the evolution of Transylvanian painting between the 18th and the 19th centuries and Romanian art from the first half of the19th century through to post-war years. Alongside the masterpieces of the Romanian art masters, the exhibition also includes the artworks of the artists active in Braşov, from the Saxon patriciate portraits to the contemporary artist’s creations. The Portrait of Joseph von Drauth (1709-1762), senator of the city of Braşov, painted by Johann Ölhan the Elder (?-1763), opens the exhibition. [ST] The painting is typical for Saxon patriciate portraiture, a provincial variant of portrait d`apparat. The artist insists on the details which indicate that the commissioner boasted a high social status (coat of arms, apparel, as well as on the objects which suggest the official duties he exercised. The City Hall and the buildings surrounding it, depicted in the background of the portrait, are also meant to illustrate his position. But the posture of the model is conventional and artificial. We find the same interest in underlining the social position of the model in the creation of an anonymous artist active in the late 1700s, who painted the Portrait of Oprea Ţârcă, the head of the shepherds’guild of Săcele. -
Dolj County Dolj Originally Meant
Dolj County Dolj originally meant "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu) is a county of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova. In 2011, it had a population of 660,544 and a population density of 89/km2 (230/sq mi). • Romanians – over 96% • Romani – 3% • Others almost 1%. Geography This county has a total area of 7,414 km2 (2,863 sq mi). The entire area is a plain with the Danube on the south forming a wide valley crossed by the Jiu River in the middle. Other small rivers flow through the county, each one forming a small valley. There are some lakes across the county and many ponds and channels in the Danube valley. 6% of the county's area is a desert. Neighbours • Olt County to the east. • Mehedinți County to the west. • Gorj County and Vâlcea County to the north. • Bulgaria – Vidin Province to the southwest, Montana and Vratsa provinces to the south. Economy Agriculture is the county's main industry. The county has a land that is ideal for growing cereals, vegetables and wines. Other industries are mainly located in the city of Craiova, the largest city in southwestern Romania. The county's main industries: • Automotive industry – Ford has a factory. • Heavy electrical and transport equipment – Electroputere Craiova is the largest factory plant in Romania. • Aeronautics ; ITC • Chemicals processing ; Foods and beverages • Textiles ; Mechanical parts and components There are two small ports on the shore of the Danube river – Bechet and Calafat. Tourism Major tourist attractions: The city of Craiova; The city of Calafat; Fishing on the Danube; The city of Băilești. -
Byzantium in Eastern European Visual Culture in the Late Middle Ages
Byzantium in Eastern European Visual Culture in the Late Middle Ages Edited by Maria Alessia Rossi Alice Isabella Sullivan Contents Introduction Maria Alessia Rossi and Alice Isabella Sullivan 1. The Allegory of Wisdom in Chrelja’s Tower seen through Philotheos Kokkinos Justin L. Willson 2. How Byzantine was the Moscow Inauguration of 1498? Alexandra Vukovich 3. Intellectual Relationships between the Byzantine and Serbian Elites during the Palaiologan Era Elias Petrou 4. An Unexpected Image of Diplomacy in a Vatican Panel Marija Mihajlovic-Shipley 5. Byzantine Heritage and Serbian Ruling Ideology in Early Fourteenth-Century Monumental Painting Maria Alessia Rossi 6. Dečani between the Adriatic Littoral and Byzantium Ida Sinkević 7. Triconch Churches Sponsored by Serbian and Wallachian Nobility Jelena Bogdanović 8. Moldavian Art and Architecture between Byzantium and the West Alice Isabella Sullivan 9. The Byzantine Tradition in Wallachian and Moldavian Embroideries Henry David Schilb 10. Rethinking the Veglia Altar Frontal from the Victoria and Albert Museum and its Patron Danijel Ciković and Iva Jazbec Tomaić Chapter 1 The Allegory of Wisdom in Chrelja’s Tower seen through Philotheos Kokkinos Justin L. Willson Abstract Solomon’s Allegory of Wisdom in Proverbs 9:1–5 afforded medieval craftsmen a sophisticated reflection on building. This essay examines an early 14th century fresco of this allegory from Bulgaria. Intervening in a larger body of scholarship on Byzantine-Slavic relations, I draw on Philotheos Kokkinos’s discourse on Wisdom to account for the painter’s use of a scalloped dome and choice for how to represent the seven pillars of Wisdom’s house and cup of wine.