T O W N O F T E L L U R I D E ______

RE-SURVEY OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES

Funded in Part by State Historic Fund Grant Project No. 2010-M2-021

Prepared For:

Town of Telluride Planning and Building Department Planning Division Rebekah Hall 113 W. Columbia Avenue Telluride, CO 81435

Prepared By:

Carl McWilliams and Karen McWilliams Cultural Resource Historians 1607 Dogwood Ct. Fort Collins, CO 80525 (970) 493-5270 [email protected]

October 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 1 Figure 1: Project Area Map 3

2.0 The Project Area 2 Table 1: Notable Commercial Buildings 11 3.0 Historic Narrative 4 by Year Built Native Occupation and European Exploration Table 2: Primary Buildings by Historic 4 47 of the San Juan Region Function / Use Table 3: Primary Buildings by Current The Early Mining Frontier 5 48 Function / Use Table 4: Primary Building by Architectural Early Transportation in the San Miguel Valley 9 49 Style / Type The Founding of Telluride and Early Table 5: Properties Evaluated as 10 50 Commercial Development Individually NRHP Eligible Table 6: Comprehensive Primary & Community/Institutional Buildings in Telluride 11 65 Secondary Building Survey Log Telluride’s Residential Development 12

Finn Town, Swede-Finn Town and Catholic Hill 13

The Upper Northwest Side 13 Photo Pages Bird’s Eye Images of Telluride and the East Pacific Avenue and the Red Light District 15 21 Upper San Miguel Valley Labor Issues and the Western Federation of 28 Scenes of Colorado Avenue 22 Miners Telluride in Transition: The Decline of the 29 Transportation Related Images 23 Mining Era Community / Institutional Buildings in Joseph T. Zoline and the Telluride Ski Resort 31 24 Telluride Telluride in Transition: The 1970s 32 Telluride Commercial Buildings 25

Telluride Into the Twenty-First Century 34 Telluride Residences 26

Bibliography 35 Telluride’s Red Light District 27

4.0 Research Design and Methods 38

5.0 Results 46

6.0 Recommendations 52 Town of Telluride Re-Survey of Historic Structures

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Telluride Re-Survey of Historic Structures project involved the The activity that is the subject of this material has intensive-level surveys of 315 been financed in part with Federal funds from properties located primarily within the National Historic Preservation Act, the Telluride National Historic Landmark District. The project was administered by the National Park Service, conducted in two separate United States Department of the Interior, and by phases, with phase one the History Colorado / State Historical Fund. completed between April 2007 However, the contents and opinions do not and June 2008, and with phase necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. two completed between October S. Department of the Interior or History Colorado, 2010 and January 2012. Phase one was funded solely by the nor does the mention of trade names or Town of Telluride, while phase two commercial products constitute an endorsement was funded by the Town of or recommendation by the Department of the Telluride and by a State Historic Interior or History Colorado. Fund (SHF) grant received by the Town of Telluride from History This program receives Federal funds from the Colorado (formerly the Colorado National Park Service; regulations of the United Historical Society). The SHF Project States Department of the Interior strictly prohibit number is 10-M2-021. Both phases were completed by Cultural unlawful discrimination in departmental Resource Historians (CRH), of Fort Federally-assisted programs on the basis of race, Collins, Colorado, under contract color, national origin, age, or handicap. Any to the Town of Telluride. CRH person who believes he or she has been principals, Carl McWilliams and discriminated against in any program, activity, or Karen McWilliams, planned and completed the project’s primary facility operated by a recipient of Federal tasks. They were assisted by assistance should write to: Director, Equal Richard Collier, who was Opportunity Program, U. S. Department of the responsible for much of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street N. photography, and by Timothy W., Washington, D.C. Wilder, who developed an “Archinventory” database for the survey. Mike Davenport and Robert Mather managed the project on behalf of the Town of Telluride.

The following sections describe the project area, provide an overview of Telluride’s historical development, and present the research design, methodology, results, and recommendations, resulting from the project. These sections are followed by comprehensive survey logs which present the survey’s findings for each property’s primary buildings and historic secondary buildings and structures. Three hundred and fifteen Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Forms, with black-and-white photographs, sketch maps, and location maps, accompany this

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Town of Telluride Re-Survey of Historic Structures report. The inventory forms provide detailed architectural descriptions, construction histories, historic background narratives, significance and integrity evaluations, and professional field eligibility assessments for every surveyed property. The “Telluride National Historic Landmark District National Register of Historic Places Registration Form” was not updated as part of this project. Therefore, these assessments are not reflected in that report and are not currently part of the National Park Service record for the landmark district.

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2.0 THE PROJECT AREA

The Town of Telluride is located in a picturesque box canyon nestled in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The county seat of San Miguel County, Telluride lies along the upper reaches of the San Miguel River at an elevation of 8750 feet above sea level. Telluride is well-isolated from other towns and cities due to the rugged mountainous topography. The only paved road into the town is from the west via a spur of West Colorado Avenue (formally Colorado Highway 145). Also known as the “San Juan Skyway” this route leads southwest from Telluride over Lizard Head Pass to Rico, Dolores, and Cortez. Colorado Highway 145 also connects Telluride to the north with the small communities of Sawpit and Placerville, and with another state highway, Colorado 162. From that point, the communities of Norwood, Naturita and Nucla are to the northwest, while the town of Ridgway is located to the east over Dallas Divide.

Platted originally in 1878, Telluride’s avenues and streets are parallel with and perpendicular to the San Juan River which defines the town’s southern edge. There are six principal avenues which parallel the river and trend from the west-northwest to the east-southeast. San Juan Avenue is closest to the river, followed by Pacific, Colorado, Columbia, Galena, and Gregory Avenues. Colorado Avenue which extends through the town’s center is Telluride’s main commercial thoroughfare. Streets in Telluride intersect the avenues at right angles trending from the south-southwest to the north- northeast. From west to east, Telluride’s principal streets are named Davis, Townsend, Aspen, Oak, Fir, Pine, Spruce, Willow, Alder, Maple, Hemlock, Pinion, Laurel, and Columbine. The Lone Tree Cemetery lies at northeastern edge of Telluride, while the Telluride Town Park, the venue for famous annual music and film festivals, is adjacent to the river at the southeastern edge of Telluride. Ingram Falls - free flowing in the summer and frozen in the winter - overlooks the town from the head of the box canyon to the east. Bridal Veil Falls are just south of Ingram Falls, but are not quite visible from the center of town, while Needle Rock, an aptly named geologic formation, is visible to the south from elevated vantage points. Principal nearby mountain peaks include Mount Sneffels, Mount Wilson, Wilson Peak, Ajax Peak and Ingram Peak.

The 458 intensively surveyed structures are nearly all located within the Telluride National Historic Landmark District, and within three historic subdivisions: the Original Telluride Addition, platted in 1883, the West Telluride Addition, platted in 1891, and the East Telluride Addition, platted in 1898. The survey area comprises approximately one hundred acres located in Section 36 of Township 43 North, Range 9 West, Section 1 of Township 42 North, Range 9 West, and Section 31 of Township 43 North, Range 8 West, of the New Mexico Principal Meridian. “Telluride, Colorado” is the relevant USGS quadrangle map.

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Figure 1: Project Area Map

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3.0 HISTORIC NARRATIVE

Native Occupation and European-American Exploration of the San Juan Region

The San Juan Mountains are within lands that are the ancestral home of the Ute people. Traditionally composed of many affiliated nomadic bands, the Utes have resided in what is now western Colorado, eastern Utah, and portions of New Mexico and Wyoming for more than a thousand years. Early contact between Utes and persons of European descent occurred in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Utes obtained horses and trade goods from the Spanish in the mid-1700s, expanding their geographic range while at the same time transforming and disrupting their traditional way of life.1 Unbeknown to native people, in 1762, France ceded to Spain all of Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi River, and the lands the Territory 2 comprised then remained under Spain’s control for the next forty years. The Spanish explored lands northwest of Santa Fe, and in the ensuing decades the region’s rivers, mountains, and other natural features were identified with Spanish names. In the early 1760s, Don Juan Maria del Rivera conducted expeditions from Santa Fe through the rugged San Juan Mountains and 3 north to the Gunnison River, in search of precious metals. In 1776, two Spanish priests, Francisco Dominguez and Silvestre Escalante led a small expedition exploring the San Juan Mountains to the Delores River, before moving north to the Gunnison and White Rivers. The Dominguez-Escalante expedition then traveled west, to near the Great Salt Lake, before returning to Santa Fe by way of present-day southeastern Utah and northeastern Arizona.4

Interest in the San Juans, by the Spanish and others, remained limited for the next several decades, however, as the land’s political ownership was ultimately determined by the United States and European powers. Much of what would become Colorado was once part of Louisiana Territory, transferred from Spain to France, and then to the United States in the famed Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The San Juan region, though, remained under Spanish control until Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821. It was then Mexican territory until 1848 when it was included in lands ceded to the United States under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the

1Michael B. Husband. “Colorado Plateau Country Historic Context,” State Historical Society of Colorado, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, p. 2.1. 2 Carl Ubbelohde, Maxine Benson, and Duane Smith, eds. A Colorado History, (Boulder: Pruett Publishing Company, 1972), p. 15. 3 Ibid. See also, Whitacre, Christine. “Telluride National Historic Landmark District” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, November 1987, p. 8.1. 4Ubbelohde, et. al., p. 16.

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Mexican-American War.5 All of the future state of Colorado was held by the United States after that date, although the western portion was initially part of Utah Territory.

For the Utes and other native people, thus, future contact with European- Americans came primarily from the east rather than from the south. Early nineteenth century exploring expeditions, including those led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804-1806), Zebulon Pike (1806-1807), and Stephen H. Long (1819-1820), fostered wide-spread interest, opening the western United States initially to forays by fur trappers and traders, and later to gold seekers and settlers.

Interest in the San Juan region occurred somewhat slowly following the Pike’s Peak gold rush of the late 1850s. As Colorado became a Territory in 1861, and achieved statehood in 1876, settlement concentrated along the eastern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, in mining camps such as Central City, Black Hawk, Georgetown, Breckenridge, and, somewhat later, Leadville. It was not until the early 1870s, in fact, that the San Juans attracted sustained attention as a source for precious metals mining with the initial interest in silver rather than gold.6

In the interim, the Ute’s way of life was negatively impacted by a series of prejudicial treaties under which they were ultimately exiled to the Uintah Reservation in Utah. The first of these was the 1849 “Calhoun Treaty” under which the seven Ute bands agreed to “recognize American sovereignty and to remain within their traditional hunting ranges.”7 The 1863 “Evans Treaty” resulted from increased mining and settlement pressures in the new Colorado Territory. Under its terms, the Utes ceded the entire San Luis Valley and moved to a reserved area west of the Continental Divide. Five years later, in March of 1868, the “Hunt Treaty” was enacted which provided for all Utes to “move onto a newly designated reservation west of the 107th meridian (a little west of the present site of Gunnison) comprising about one- third of the total area of Colorado.”8 In return, the federal government agreed to establish two agencies on the reservation. One agency, for the northern Utes, was located on the White River near present-day Meeker, while the other, for the Southern and Tabeguache Utes was located at the Los Pinos Agency west of present-day Saguache. The government also agreed to provide to the Utes clothing, food and supplies. In 1873, yet another treaty resulted directly from increased mining interest in the San Juans. Known as the “Brunot Treaty,” it forced the Utes to cede a large

5Ibid., p. 49. 6Whitacre, p. 8.1. 7Husband, p. 2.1. 8Ubbelohde, et. al. p. 184.

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quadrangular-shaped area of land comprising the entire San Juan mining region, including the future site of Telluride.9

The Early Mining Frontier

In February 1858, three brothers from Georgia, William, Oliver, and Levi Russell, headed west to explore mining prospects in the Rocky Mountains. Initially joined by six others, the Russell brothers traveled by way of Bent’s Fort on the Arkansas River. They then journeyed overland to the northwest, where in late May they reached the confluence of Cherry Creek and the South Platte River – the future site of Denver. William Green Russell, the party’s leader, was a veteran of the 1849 California gold rush, and having passed through the Rockies previously, he was determined to explore the mineral potential of mountain streams flowing into the South Platte. After several weeks of unproductive prospecting, in early July the Russell party finally found gold near the mouth of Dry Creek. They panned out several hundred dollars worth of gold flakes before the small supply played out. In terms of quantity it was not a significant find; it had an immeasurable impact, however, because from this humble beginning, the great Pike’s Peak Gold Rush began.10 From the future site of Denver, prospectors moved west, exploring such streams as Clear Creek, Ralston Creek, Coal Creek, Boulder Creek, and the South Platte itself. Placer mining reached a fevered pitch at Gregory Gulch, near Black Hawk and Central City, in the summer of 1859, and from there, miners spread in all directions.11

Mining exploration in the San Juan Mountains dates to the early 1860s; however, sustained placer mining, followed by lode mining, did not begin until the mid-1870s. This was due to a number of factors, including the area’s remote and rugged terrain, hostile encounters with native Utes, and on a broader scale, the nation’s preoccupation with the Civil War. Moreover, mining activities diffused generally from east to west, thus it was a period of years before significant numbers of prospectors had the inclination to strike out for the far-flung San Juans of southwest Colorado.

Charles Baker led one of the region’s earliest prospecting forays in the spring of 1860. Baker and others explored the upper Animas River Valley, reaching the future site of Silverton which was then christened “Baker’s Park.” They began digging at Eureka Gulch, some nine miles to the north, and moved on to explore the Uncompahgre and San Miguel valleys. Placer mining

9Ibid. 10Ubbelohde, et. al., p. 60. 11Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado, (BLM Cultural Resources Series (Colorado: No. 10)), Chapter VI: “Early Mining and Transportation in Southwestern Colorado 1860- 1861,” p. 1. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/blm/co/10/chap6.htm.

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proved generally unsuccessful, however. In May of 1861 Baker and most other prospectors in the area moved south from Baker’s Park to establish Animas City as a new settlement on the Animas River.12

Prospectors returned to the San Juans in the mid-1870s, this time to stay. The 1873 Brunot Treaty had subjugated the Utes, at least from the viewpoint of the United States government, while the1874-1875 Hayden Survey fostered national interest in the region’s potential. Led by Ferdinand V. Hayden and William H. Jackson, the Hayden Survey was undertaken under the auspices of the U. S. Interior Department. It provided invaluable knowledge regarding the topography, geology, flora and fauna, and general scenery of southwestern Colorado. The survey’s results were published in the Geological and Geographical Atlas of Colorado and Portions of Adjacent Territory, used by mining investors, land speculators, railroad builders, and others who developed the region in the ensuing decades.13

A new San Juan mining rush, centered in and around Baker’s Park, occurred in 1874, and by the following year prospectors had dispersed north over Red Mountain Pass and northwest into the San Miguel River Valley. Arriving in August of 1875, brothers L. L. Murray Remine and William Watson Remine were among the San Miguel Valley’s earliest permanent settlers of European descent. Natives of Virginia, L. L. and Bill, as they were known, reportedly fought on opposite sides during the Civil War. They recorded the first placer claim in the San Miguel Mining District, and with others founded the settlement of San Miguel, located on the valley floor west of present-day Telluride.14 Lifelong bachelors, the two brothers lived in the valley for the remainder of their lives. They both passed away during the first decade of the twentieth century, and are interred side by side in Telluride’s Lone Tree Cemetery.

The transition from placer mining to lode mining occurred quickly. Arriving shortly after the Remine brothers, John Fallon recorded the San Miguel Mining District’s first lode claims in the fall of 1875. Known collectively as the “Sheridan Group,” they would produce millions of dollars worth of ore before the end of the nineteenth century. Backed by significant capital from the eastern United States as well as from Europe, other profitable mines soon followed, with names such as the Tomboy, Liberty Bell, Alta, Mendota, Gold King, and Black Bear. Located among Fallon’s Sheridan Group, one mine would become perhaps the region’s most famous. Among the richest, it was shrewdly filed on by J. B. Ingram, on a stretch of ground which Fallon had failed to properly claim. Memorializing the stealthy means by which he had

12Ibid., p. 2. 13Ibid., p. 4. 14Fetter, Richard L. and Suzanne Fetter. Telluride From Pick to Powder, (Caldwell, ID: Claxton Press, 1979), p. 15.

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obtained it, Ingram took delight in naming his mine the Smuggler.15 Ore from the Smuggler, and a sister mine named the Union, assayed at $1200.00 per ton. They produced $18 million dollars worth of ore by 1899, when an eastern syndicate purchased a fifty-one percent interest for $15 million.16 By that time, the Smuggler-Union Mines, the Sheridan Group, and numerous others were all connected by the famed Sheridan Crosscut Tunnel which linked a labyrinth of veins nearly one thousand feet below the surface.17

Among other mines, the Tomboy and Gold King were particularly notable. Claimed by Otis Thomas in 1886, the Tomboy Mine was located in Savage Basin well over 11,000 feet above sea level. By the early 1890s, the Tomboy complex was a small self-contained company town with mining-related structures, cabins, a boardinghouse, a school, and even such amenities as tennis courts, a Y.M.C.A. and a bowling alley. Thomas sold the Tomboy to Rothschild’s of London for a reported $2 million in 1897.18 Located above the South Fork of the San Miguel, near Ophir, the Gold King became famous not only for its mineral production, but also for the pioneering role it played nationally in the development of electrical power, specifically the use of alternating current (AC) as opposed to direct current (DC). The Gold King was partially owned and largely controlled by Lucien Lucius Nunn, a farsighted entrepreneur, attorney, banker and businessman. In the early1890s, Nunn converted the Gold King’s mining and milling operations from coal-fired steam power, to electrical power using alternating current. As an industry, electrical power was then in its infancy, and Nunn’s pioneering use of the new technology would prove to have far-reaching effects. A concise narrative of Nunn, the Gold King Mine, and the Ames Power Plant in the first practical application of alternating current appears in the “Telluride National Historic Landmark District” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, prepared by Christine Whitacre:

Like other local mines, the Gold King had experienced chronic financial problems related to the cost of coal for its steam engines. Nunn's San Miguel Valley Bank held notes issued to the Gold King Mining Company. On the basis of this financial interest, Nunn gained control of the mine's management in Telluride and received approval from the firm's Eastern investors, under the leadership of James Campbell, to experiment in a new form of power production. Gold King's major expenses were related to the cost of its coal-power steam engines used for hoisting and milling. Nunn and his brother and business partner Paul sought to reduce these expenses by building a hydroelectric power system to make water power generated from a nearby stream available for use at the mine. Nunn decided to use a new form of power, alternating electrical current.

15Barbour, Elizabeth. Telluride Images of America, (Charleston, SC, et. al.: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), pp. 28-29. 16Fetter, p. 16. 17Barbour, p. 29. 18Ibid., p. 31.

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In the late 1880s many inventors and entrepreneurs began to realize that the practical application of electrical power systems needed to be based upon alternating (AC) rather than direct (DC) current. Direct current, developed by Thomas Edison, had proved to be a major financial and technological success, and was used to power cities throughout the United States. The major drawback, however, was that direct current could only be transmitted about seven to ten miles. Alternating current, on the other hand, offered longer transmission distances and could be used outside of densely populated urban areas. In America, the most important early advocate of AC systems was George Westinghouse. Westinghouse had allied himself with Nikola Tesla, a Yugoslavian immigrant who held several important patents in AC technology, and set out to challenge Edison's control of the electric power industry.

In the fall of 1890 Westinghouse began building the world's first large commercial AC system for power and lighting at Telluride's Gold King Mine. The distance of the initial electrical transmission was small (only about three miles) but it operated under a pressure of 3,000 volts, something unheard of with commercial DC systems. The high voltage allowed considerable savings in the amount of copper required for the transmission line. Extremely small, even minuscule by modern standards, the Gold King's Ames plant, provided power for a 100 horsepower motor.

The Ames installation proved to be a commercial and technological success. By June 1891, Gold King Mine had successfully switched from coal to electricity. By 1894 the entire town of Telluride, as well as many of its mines and mills, were electrically lighted. The mining company's electrical operations were soon organized as the San Miguel Consolidated Power Company and the name was later changed to the Telluride Power Company. Despite the corporate name changes, Nunn remained in charge of all operations. In addition, Nunn became an advocate of AC electrical power systems and soon sought ways to expand his involvement in the field into other Western mining districts.19

19Whitacre, p. 8.5

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Early Transportation in the San Miguel Valley

As lode mining in the San Miguel Valley got underway in the late 1870s, the lack of a transportation network remained a major obstacle. Mills and tramways did not yet exist in the area, thus, ore had to be packed by mule over the range to Ouray, and from there by ox teams to Alamosa, and then by rail to smelters in Denver.20 Given this arduous process, ore had to be valued at a minimum of three hundred to four hundred dollars per ton to turn a profit.21 The construction of roads, and a rail line by the early 1890s, were, therefore, key to sustain the region’s mining economy. Otto Mears, immortalized as the “Pathfinder of the San Juans,” is credited with pioneering the building of toll roads throughout the region. In 1881 and 1882, Mears and associates financed the Dallas and San Miguel Toll Road over the Dallas Divide and south to the San Miguel Valley, as well as the San Miguel and Rico Toll Road, which ran south over Lizard Head Pass. Other toll roads financed by Mears connected Durango, Parrott City and Fort Lewis, farther south. Mears’ greatest achievement, though, was the 1883-1884 construction of the road over Red Mountain Pass between Ouray and Silverton, an engineering marvel which became known as the “Million Dollar Highway.”22 In time, Mears’ network of toll roads in southwestern Colorado comprised some 450 miles. By the mid-1880s, a trip from Montrose to the San Miguel Valley, by way of Ridgway and the Dallas Divide, could be accomplished in two days.23

Rail service in the San Miguel Valley arrived in the early 1890s, with completion of the Denver and Rio Grande Southern Railroad which connected Telluride with the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad at Ridgway. From Telluride south, the line ran through the burgeoning mining camp of Rico, and onto Durango in the La Plata Valley. With the railroad’s completion, Telluride became a key rail center for both passenger and freight service. Traditionally located near the west end of San Juan Avenue, Telluride’s Denver and Rio Grande Southern Railroad Depot (5SM.1658) was completed circa 1891. The Rio Grande Southern prospered throughout the mining era before gradually declining by the late 1920s. A portion of the line was brought back to life in the 1930s when Jack Odenpaugh, the railroad's chief mechanic, created the "Galloping Geese," a fleet of seven narrow gauge railroad cars attached to modified gasoline-powered trucks, with Cadillac, Buick, Winton, and Pierce Arrow engines. The small fleet of "Geese" was intended to carry both passengers and freight, including mail; however, it was mostly used by tourists, before going out of service in 1951. Galloping Goose number 4 (5SM.1604) is normally on display next to the San Miguel

20Fetter, pp. 19, 20. 21Ibid. 22Frontier in Transition, p. 11. 23Fetter, pp. 41, 42.

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County Courthouse in Telluride; however, it is currently undergoing restoration in Ridgway. Galloping Goose number 5 has been fully restored and is rail worthy. It is on display at the historical museum in Dolores when it is not on narrow gauge excursions. Other Galloping Geese are exhibited at the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden.24

24“Town of Telluride,” http://www.telluride-co.gov/index.

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The Founding of Telluride and Early Commercial Development

Appropriately named “San Miguel,” the first settlement in the upper San Miguel Valley was founded in 1875 by Lon and Bill Remine. A few years later, a new town, named Columbia, was located a short distance up river to the east. Platted in January of 1878, Columbia was described as “consisting of some eighty acres in a park six miles long and a half a mile wide in San Miguel Valley.”25 Because it was closer to the head of the canyon where the important mines and mills would be located, Columbia was destined to prosper, while San Miguel was not. In February of 1883, San Miguel County was created out of lands that had previously been part of Ouray County, with Columbia designated as the county seat and local center of government. In June of 1887, Columbia was renamed Telluride, to avoid confusion with a California town with the same name. The new name of Telluride was derived from tellurium, a metalloid element discovered in the late 1700s which forms natural tellurides, including telluride ores of gold and silver. The root form of the word “tellus” is Latin for earth. A fun myth is that the name Telluride is a contraction of the phrase “To Hell You Ride,” which must have been the impression of many people when first arriving in the isolated town.

Telluride’s physical layout was typical of Colorado’s early mining towns. The homes of merchants, lawyers, doctors and mine owners were located along streets and avenues in the town’s upper northwest end, in the area highest and farthest from the river; Colorado Avenue, the town’s commercial main street, ran through the middle of town, while warehouses, smaller miners’ cottages, and the saloons, dance halls and brothels of the red light district, were located along the town’s southern edge, closest to the river.

By the mid-1880s, Colorado Avenue was lined with wood frame commercial buildings which housed general stores, saloons, meat markets, laundries, banks, barbershops, bakeries, and a host of other businesses. Many of Telluride’s original wood frame commercial buildings were replaced with more substantial, mostly two story, masonry buildings during the 1890s and very early 1900s. The most notable of these are listed in Table 1. Located at the northwest corner of Colorado Avenue and Fir Street, the First National Bank of Telluride was designed by Denver architect James Murdoch in 1892. Commissioned by L. L. Nunn, Murdoch’s plans resulted in a stately Romanesque Revival style building built of locally-quarried coursed sandstone. The Mahr Building at 129/131 W. Colorado Avenue was also built in 1892, with a Mesker Brothers cast iron facade. Other buildings on the list are primarily of brick masonry construction. The Nunn and Wrench Block, also known as the National Club Building, was built in 1899, and was originally owned by L. L. Nunn and A.M. Wrench. Denver contractors Brown

25Fetter, p. 26.

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and Schrepferman, who had previously built the Telluride School, had the construction contract.

By 1904, nearly every lot on Colorado Avenue, from Aspen Street on the west to Willow Street on the east, sported a commercial building, with newer two-story brick buildings interspersed among older mostly single-story wood frame buildings, many with false fronts. The Telluride Transfer Company Warehouse, another prominent commercial structure, was not built on Colorado Avenue, but rather closer to the Denver and Rio Grande Southern tracks, in the block southwest of Pacific Avenue and Fir Street. Constructed of locally-quarried sandstone in 1906, it served as the local supply point for all manner of mining and milling equipment and building supplies arriving by rail. The 1913 Sheridan Opera House, also known as the Segerberg Opera House was Telluride’s last major commercial building erected during the mining era,

Year Building Name Location Site No. Built Northeast corner Colorado Burned 1887 McCormick-Davis Block Avenue and Fir Street in 1990 Northeast corner Colorado Burned 1891 Sheridan Hotel Avenue and Oak Street in 1905 129/131 W. Colorado 1892 Mahr Building 5SM.1539 Avenue Northwest corner First National Bank of 1892 Colorado Avenue and Fir 5SM.1537 Telluride Street Southwest corner San Juan Hardware c. 1892 Colorado Avenue and 5SM.1554 Company Building Pine Street 220-224 W. Colorado c. 1896 Pekkarine Building 5SM.1556 Avenue 1897- 231-235 W. Colorado New Sheridan Hotel 5SM.1534 1899 Avenue Southeast corner 1897- Telluride (Masonic) Colorado Avenue and 5SM.1549 1899 Lodge No. 56 Spruce Street Coslett and Stansbeck 107/109 E. Colorado 1898 5SM.1542 Building Avenue Stellmacher and Pheasy 130-134 E. Colorado 1899 5SM.1550 Building Avenue Southeast corner 1899 Nunn and Wrench Block Colorado Avenue and 5SM.1553 Pine Street

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Tomboy Gold Mines c. 1902 Company Office 324 W. Colorado Avenue 5SM.1561 Building Telluride Transfer 1906 200 W. Pacific Avenue 5SM.1620 Company Warehouse Segerberg Opera / 1913 110 N. Oak Street 5SM.1827 Sheridan Opera House Table 1: Notable Commercial Buildings by Year Built

Community / Institutional Buildings in Telluride

Notable community and institutional buildings in Telluride include the San Miguel County Courthouse (5SM.1605), the Telluride School (5SM.1741), the Telluride Town Hall (5SM.1748), the Miners’ Hospital (5SM.1749), and the Western Federation of Miners Hospital (5SM.1756). San Miguel County’s first courthouse, the town’s first brick building, was erected at the southeast corner of Colorado Avenue and Fir Street in 1885. It burned in massive fire, in January 1887, which destroyed most of an entire block. A new brick courthouse was then built, in part out of salvaged bricks from the burned courthouse, at the northwest corner of Colorado Avenue and Oak Street. Both the original 1885 courthouse and its 1887 replacement were designed by Denver architects Ernest Phillip Varian and Frederick J. Sterner.

The Telluride School was erected in 1896, north of Columbia Avenue in the block between Aspen and Townsend Streets. It was designed by Denver architect John J. Huddart, and constructed by the Denver contracting firm of Brown and Schrepferman. Construction began in 1895, and by January 1896, the walls were nearly up. Disaster struck early on the morning of January 30th, however, as the walls buckled and collapsed inward. After a massive clean-up effort, the building’s structural system was redesigned, a higher quality of pressed brick was used in key areas of the construction, and the school was successfully completed in the summer of 1896.

The 1896 brick school replaced an earlier wood frame school, built in 1883 at the northeast corner of Columbia Avenue and Fir Street. After it closed as a school in 1896, the building at that location became the Telluride Town Hall. It was soon enlarged to also become the town’s fire house, including the additions of a fifty feet high hose tower and a fifteen feet high fire bell tower, erected between 1904 and 1908. The building has served continuously as the Telluride Town Hall from 1896 to the present, while the fire department is now located next door to the east.

Located at the top of Fir Street, the Miners’ Hospital was built circa 1895 and served continuously as a hospital until 1964. In addition to the Miners’ Hospital, the facility was known variously as Dr. Hall’s Hospital, Hadley Hospital, the American Legion Hospital, and as the Community Hospital. The

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building became the San Miguel County Historical Museum in 1966, and later the Telluride Historical Museum which it remains today.

The Western Federation of Miners Hospital was built in 1902 at the northwest corner of Columbia Avenue and Pine Street. Constructed by union members, the building’s first and second floors served as a hospital, while the basement was used as a union meeting hall. The Telluride post office was located in the building in later years, when it also served as a meeting place for the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

Telluride’s Residential Development

During the twenty years between 1885 and 1905, Telluride’s population quadrupled, from less than fifteen hundred to some six thousand inhabitants. As the region’s mining economy boomed, miners, speculators, entrepreneurs, and a host of others, seemingly from every walk of life, found their way to Telluride. All hoped to strike it rich, if not directly from the mines then at least indirectly. By the turn of the twentieth century, Telluride’s citizenry was an eclectic mix of some five thousand souls, from virtually every state in the union, and of emigrants from more than two dozen countries. To accommodate them, builders erected all manner of housing, including single family residences, duplexes, rooming houses, boardinghouses, and hotels. The more substantial homes were concentrated along west Colorado, Columbia and Galena Avenues, north and west of downtown. Residences elsewhere were more modest; however, different areas of town developed as separate ethnic neighborhoods.

Finn Town, Swede-Finn Town and Catholic Hill

Telluride’s largest emigrant group were Scandinavians, from the countries of Finland, Sweden, and Denmark.26 Scandinavians in Telluride were divided culturally into three groups: "pure Swedes,” who concentrated in the vicinity of Tomboy Road, “Finns,” from Finland, who settled along Pacific Avenue south of downtown, and “Swede-Finns,” or “Swedish-Finns,” who also settled along Pacific Avenue, but generally more toward the west end of town. Immigrants of Swede-Finn descent had been born in southern Finland, near the Swedish border, and spoke Swedish, not Finnish. Thus, Swede-Finns identified culturally more with Sweden than Finland. Finn Hall, at 440 W. Pacific Avenue (5SM.1653), and the Swedish-Finn Temperance Hall at 472 W. Pacific Avenue (5SM.1657), were both completed in 1899 to serve as community centers for the two unique Scandinavian ethnic groups.

26Persons of Norwegian descent were also among Telluride’s Scandinavian immigrants. In the 1900 census, however, Norwegian and Swedish immigrants are primarily listed together as having come to America from “Sweden.” This is because the two countries operated under a political union until 1905.

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In 1896, Father Cornelius O’Rourke of the Catholic Diocese spearheaded construction of St. Patrick’s Church (5SM.1770) at the northwest corner of Spruce Street and Galena Avenue. The neighborhood surrounding the church became known as “Catholic Hill,” attracting persons of the Catholic faith, primarily from Italy and Austria-Hungary.27 Still active, St. Patrick’s has served its parishioners continuously for 112 years. The First Methodist Episcopal Church (5SM.1702) at the southeast corner of Oak Street and Columbia Avenue, and the Congregational Church at 434 W. Columbia Avenue, are two other church buildings in Telluride that date from the mining era. The First Methodist Episcopal Church has been converted to residential use, while the Congregational Church later became the Community Church and is now Christ Church.

The Upper Northwest Side

In addition to Scandinavia, Italy and Austria-Hungary, many immigrants came to Telluride from the British Isles, including from England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, while still others came from countries as far away as Australia and from as near as Canada. Most came to Telluride to work in the mines and mills. Many, though, were professional mining engineers, assayers, and financiers. Other newcomers became merchants, or established professional careers as lawyers, doctors, and building contractors. The most successful families lived on Telluride’s upper northwest side, on West Colorado, Columbia, and Galena Avenues, and on North Fir, Oak, Aspen and Townsend Streets. Some of the more notable houses and the families who lived in them are discussed below.

The house at 533 W. Columbia Avenue (5SM.1732) was the home of Luther C. and Gertrude Kinikin. An attorney, Mr. Kinikin practiced law in Montrose and Telluride, including a term as the Telluride City Attorney. His office was in the Sheridan Block during the early 1900s. In 1949, Kinikin penned an article titled “Early Days in Telluride” describing his life during the mining era, which was published in Colorado Magazine. Herschel M. Hogg, another prominent attorney, lived at 123 N. Aspen Street (5SM.1706) between 1899 and 1909. He and his wife Josephine then moved to a new residence at 451 W. Galena Avenue (5SM.1849). They had moved to Telluride from Gunnison where Mr. Hogg had served as city attorney. He held the same position in Telluride, and also served as the San Miguel County Attorney. Mr. Hogg also engaged in mining enterprises, and served in the Colorado State Legislature between 1903 and 1907.

27Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, comprised the modern nations of Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. It also included parts of modern-day Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine.

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Other prominent residents included Charles “Dad” Painter, publisher of the Telluride Daily Journal; Louis Lomax, the bookkeeper for the Tomboy Mine and later District Court Clerk for San Miguel County; and George Shoemaker, a prominent mining entrepreneur and owner of the Cosmopolitan Saloon. Located at 211 N. Fir Street the Painter House (5SM.1744) was built originally in 1886; however, it has been significantly altered from its historic appearance. The Lomax House (5SM.1593) was built at 453 W. Colorado Avenue in 1901, while the Shoemaker House (5SM.1586) was built at 541 W. Colorado Avenue in 1897-1898.

Built circa 1888, the house at 330 W. Columbia Avenue (5SM.1705) was later home to the family of Dr. C. W. and Minnie deLannoy. Dr. deLannoy died tragically in the fall of 1904 after contracting blood poisoning while performing an autopsy in his capacity as Telluride’s City Physician. Other notable West Columbia Avenue homes include 409 W. Columbia Avenue (5SM.1708), built in 1890 as a residence for L. L. Nunn; the Nunn Club House (5SM.1743) built in 1891 at 427 W. Columbia Avenue; and 513 W. Columbia Avenue (5SM.1733), built circa 1893 for mining entrepreneur James C. Weller.

The house at 122 N. Oak Street (5SM.1703) was built in 1892 as a residence for George H. and Margaret Phillips. A well-known businessman, Mr. Phillips was also active politically, serving as a San Miguel County Commissioner and as Telluride’s mayor during the 1890s. 122 N. Oak Street was later the home of Gustaf Brickson and his wife Augusta. Brickson and his business partner Max Hippler financed construction of the New Sheridan Hotel in 1897. Farther north on Oak Street were the homes of Edwin L. and Anna Davis, Eugene D. and Laura McKown, John P. and Emma Olson, and Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Sleeper. The Davis House at 207 N. Oak Street (5SM.1682) was built in 1899. Mr. Davis was a principal owner with Telluride’s first financial institution, the San Miguel Valley Bank established in the 1880s.28 Built prior to 1890, the McKown residence at 220 N. Oak Street (5SM.1699) is among Telluride’s oldest homes. Mr. McKown worked as a printer for the Telluride Daily Journal newspaper before becoming the publisher and owner of the competing San Miguel Examiner newspaper. Located at 234 N. Oak Street, the Olson House (5SM.1697) is also among Telluride’s oldest residences. The original part of the home was built circa 1886 and is of log construction. It was enlarged circa 1890 and further renovated circa 1899 when the original log walls were covered with clapboard siding. John Olson was proprietor of the Mint Saloon in the 1890s and later ran the Sheridan Saloon, both located on Colorado Avenue in downtown Telluride.

28Located at 201 W. Colorado Avenue, the San Miguel Valley Bank was renamed the First National Bank of Telluride in 1890. Other principals in the bank’s operation included L. L. Nunn, S. A. Bailey, and A. M. Wrench.

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The house at 316 N. Oak Street (5SM.1695) was built in 1899 as a residence for Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Sleeper. In 1907, they sold the home to Morris and Kate Lehmann who were its owners at the time of the Cornet Creek Flood on July 27, 1914. As a wall of water roared down Oak Street, the house was torn from its foundation and slammed between a large tree and another, smaller, dislodged building. Although all feared it was a total loss, the house was placed back in its original foundation and rehabilitated.

East Pacific Avenue and Telluride’s Red Light District

From the fine homes in Telluride’s upper northwest side it was but a few blocks to East Pacific Avenue where there existed an entirely different neighborhood; an eclectic mix of mostly immigrants who lived, worked, and conducted their daily activities among the dance halls, saloons, brothels and warehouses of the red light district. Drinking, gambling, and prostitution comprised the “triple forms of inequity.” They went hand-in-hand with each other and were a part of life in the district.29 These activities were not only tolerated by town leaders; they were heavily taxed, providing an important revenue stream for the town’s budget. Madams who ran the brothels were taxed at a rate of $150.00 per week, which they easily paid as part of the cost of doing business.30 Apart from the tax revenue that prostitution provided, it was rationalized by the dubious theory that in a town where men outnumbered women four to one, it allowed decent women to walk the street safely.31

Several buildings in the red light district area remain from mining boom era. Located at the northwest corner of Pacific Avenue and Spruce Street, the Silver Bell (5SM.1611) began as a small boardinghouse and restaurant in the late 1880s. In 1899, its owners, Joseph Mattivi and Baptist Boetto replaced the original structure with a larger building which, in the ensuing years, served as a restaurant, saloon, dance hall and brothel. The McPherson House (5SM.1609) was located just north of the Silver Bell at 123/125 S. Spruce Street, and the area behind the two buildings became known as “Popcorn Alley.” Built circa 1896, the McPherson House was owned and operated by Joseph and Della McPherson until the couple divorced in 1907. Mrs. McPherson retained an ownership interest in the property for a number of years, however, and it continued to operate as a boardinghouse and restaurant, as well as a saloon and brothel. The McPhersons advertised their establishment in the Telluride Daily Journal on a regular basis, proudly proclaiming that it provided “good accommodations, hot and cold water, rooms from 25 cents to $1.00, restaurant in connection, meals 25 cts.”32 The

29Telluride Daily Journal, November 5, 1915, p. 2. 30Fetter, p. 82. 31Ibid. 32 Telluride Daily Journal, October 15, 1898, p. 1.

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McPherson House and the Silver Bell were both damaged in a fire on July 3, 1923, by which time brothels were no longer openly tolerated. By the 1920s, the McPherson House had been renamed “The Senate.” Owned by Barney Gabardi and August Ress, it operated it as a “soft drink parlor” during prohibition. The Pick and Gad (5SM.1615), a brothel at 228 S. Pine Street, began operations in a small wood frame building during the late 1880s or early 1890s.33 Originally named “The Club,” it served as a small brothel with few pretentions of offering other services. The wood frame structure burned in early December 1900, and was replaced by a handsome new brick building the following year. By 1910, the Pick and Gad was operated by a madam named Pauline Brown, who had made her way to Telluride from Lake City.

There were numerous other bars, brothels, and gaming houses, with such names as the Monte Carlo, Midway, Gold Belt and Idle Hour. These and other establishments were interspersed among dozens of small two-room “cribs’ where prostitutes conducted business. Three cribs remain standing today, having been rehabilitated and converted into small residences. These are located at 121 E. Pacific Avenue (5SM.1614), 123 E. Pacific Avenue (5SM.1613), and 125/127 E. Pacific Avenue (5SM.1612). One other former crib, formerly located at 116 W. Pacific Avenue, has been moved to 950 E. Columbia Avenue (5SM.3394) where it too has been converted into a residence.

Women and girls of the red light district were called various names, some euphemistic, and some blunt. Among other terms, they were labeled as “harlots,” “soiled doves,” “painted women,” “fallen women,” “denizens of the red light district,” and as “creatures from the netherworld,” as if, perhaps, they were somehow less than human. The 1900 federal census opted for direct terminology. In Telluride and elsewhere, the occupation of such women was listed simply as “prostitute,” while on Sanborn Insurance maps, the small cribs where they worked were labeled “F. B.” for “female boarding.” The 1900 census lists twenty-nine prostitutes as residents in the South Telluride precinct; the actual number was probably much higher, however. By some accounts, in fact, more than one hundred prostitutes may have worked in Telluride at any one time.34

Lillian Edwards, Alice Elliott, Fanny Lewis, Effie Reynolds and Louise Walker were among Telluride’s prostitutes listed in the 1900 census. As a group, the prostitutes ranged in age from their late teens to their mid-forties. They came to Telluride from such countries as Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and Italy,

33The name Pick and Gad derives from terms for two mining implements, a pick, and a small iron bar known as a gad. 34Fetter, p. 84.

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and from more than a dozen states, from as far east as New York and as far south as Mississippi. Many were undoubtedly naive, having come with the expectation of finding legitimate employment. They came due to economic hardship, because they had been deserted by their husbands, and because they were desperate to flee abusive relationships. Perhaps some came for adventure. Others married unsavory men who quickly drew them into prostitution. With little in the way of government or social safety nets, for some, prostitution was literally the only viable means to avoid starvation.35 For many it became a way of life, as they joined the miners, saloonkeepers, gamblers, and others who comprised the eclectic neighborhood of Telluride’s lower southeast side.

Turnover of prostitutes was expectedly high, as many girls desperate to escape the profession either returned home or moved on as soon as they were able. In a classic “Catch-22,” however, prostitution was often the only way to earn money to return home.36 Those who stayed led a life of adventure and perhaps even glamour, at least for a time. For many, though, life was short, as death at a premature age was common, due to suicide, sexually transmitted diseases, and violence.

It was always a dramatic, sad, day whenever one of the dance hall girls died. The funeral would be organized by her “sisters,” and whether the streets were dry or full of mud or snow, the girls went to church for the service. Afterwards they followed the hearse up the main street wearing their gaudy dresses and high-heeled shoes. Perhaps the band from the dance hall would play. Following the burial, business went on as usual.37

To compensate for the frequent turnover, the town went so far as to hire “a woman who traveled across the United States soliciting entertainers.”38 While the town was working to bring new “entertainers” to Telluride, others were at work advertising to solicit clients for them to entertain. In 1895, Telluride madam “Gussie Grant” was among the advertisers in the Travelers’ Night Guide to Colorado, a sixty-six page publication with advertisements for brothels throughout the state, interspersed among scenic photographs of mountain vistas. A small booklet, it was designed to fit conveniently in a vest pocket.39 For men, Telluride’s red light district offered a myriad of possibilities.

35Mackell, Jan. Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountains, (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009), pp. 4-5. 36Ibid. 37Fetter, p. 83. 38Ibid., pp. 82-83. 39Secrest, Clark. Hell’s Belles: Prostitution, Vice, and Crime in Early Denver: With a Biography of Sam Howe, Frontier Lawman, (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2001), pp. 225- 227, 285. The only known copy of the 1895 Travelers’ Night Guide to Colorado is reportedly in Secrest’s possession. See also, MacKell, Jan. Brothels, Bordellos, & Bad Girls: Prostitution in Colorado 1860-1930, (Albuquerque: University of New

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In the saloons and gambling houses they played stud poker, roulette, fan- tan, black jack, faro and other games, while enjoying liquid refreshments. Later, perhaps, they would visit a brothel. As described by one author:

Mexico Press, 2009), p. 4. The name “Gussie Grant” was perhaps a pseudonym. Research in numerous sources uncovered no Telluride resident by that name.

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“Lights burned brightly along the street, and the men were welcomed everywhere. There were no inhibitions; men did pretty well as they pleased. It wasn’t exactly Boston.”40

In Telluride and elsewhere, prostitution took place against a backdrop of increasing social consciousness. By the turn of the twentieth century, restricting the “white slave trade,” as it became known, was among the goals of the Temperance Movement, led nationally by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (W. C. T. U.) and other organizations, and by such notable reformers as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Victoria Woodhull. Perhaps partly in response to their pressures, the first effort to restrict Telluride’s red light district occurred in 1902. On April 4th of that year, the Telluride City Council passed an ordinance which confined “bawdy houses, houses of ill fame, dance halls, and other places occupied for the purpose of prostitution” to a specific area of town defined as south of the alley between Colorado and Pacific Avenues, from Alder Street on the east to the alley between Pine and Fir Streets on the west. The ordinance further demanded that strict enforcement be implemented, and directed the city attorney to “take all measures necessary to secure the confinement of the aforesaid business to the limits described.”41 Although still legal and still taxed, prostitution was segregated and somewhat more controlled than in previous years.

The Telluride Daily Journal did its part to sway public sentiment against the red light district by publishing editorials supporting reform efforts, particularly those of the W. C. T. U. In one such instance, the Journal published a treatise titled “Save the Girls,” written by Mrs. D. M. Hayes, State Superintendent for Rescue Work with the W. C. T. U. Mrs. Hayes narrated the good work being done at the “Cottage Home,” described as a place of refuge, “not for prostitutes,” but rather for the “class of unfortunate girls who for the first time have gone astray.”42 In reaching out to such girls, she wrote:

You need not despair. Come to us and we will save you. We will shelter you from prying curiosity. We will care for you in your hour of pain. We will find employment for you if you need it, when you go out, and will do everything in our power to give you one more chance at decent womanhood.43

In another instance, the Journal published a lengthy interview with noted reformer Lady Cook.44 Regarding prostitution, she was quoted as saying:

40Fetter, p. 82. 41Telluride Daily Journal, April 5, 1902, p. 1. 42Telluride Daily Journal, August 22, 1907, p. 6. 43Ibid. 44Lady Cook was the widow of British financier Sir Francis Cook. She had been born Tennessee “Tennie” Claflin, the younger sister of Victoria Claflin Woodhull.

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We are taught that it is a necessary evil. I say that it is an unnecessary curse. When people come to think of and understand it, they will realize that if women were roused to their might, we could stop the white slave traffic and the markets for prostitution and stop it at once.45 The Journal also reported prominently on passage of the White Slave Traffic Act which became law in June of 1910. The act followed an investigation into the trafficking of alien women and girls undertaken by the National Immigration Commission, and it made it a crime for anyone “to cause, aid, or induce the transportation of any woman or girl from one state to another for immoral purposes.”46

Legislation enacted at the state level five years later sounded the final death knell for legalized prostitution throughout Colorado. In 1915, Senate Bill 88, “concerning nuisances and providing penalties,” was sponsored by Helen Ring Robinson, state senator from Denver. Interestingly, her bill did not target prostitutes or their clients directly, but rather the owners or operators of buildings where prostitution was occurring. Specifically, the bill provided that:

Every building or place used in whole or in part for the purpose of lewdness, assignation or prostitution is a nuisance, whether the same be a public or private nuisance, and every building or place, or the ground itself, in or upon which such acts of lewdness, assignation or prostitution is [sic] conducted, permitted or carried on, and the furniture, fixtures, musical instruments and contents are also declared a nuisance, and shall be enjoined and abated as hereinafter provided.47

As interpreted, Robinson’s bill allowed the district attorney or any other citizen to bring an action under which such a building or property could be closed for up to a year, and ultimately sold. The action could be canceled, however, if the prostitution activity ceased, and if the property’s owner paid costs, and posted a bond. To prevent frivolous lawsuits, her bill further provided that if there were no reasonable grounds for the action, the citizen who brought it could be assessed costs. Robinson’s bill passed the senate by a vote of 26-7. It was signed into law by Governor George A. Carlson on April 12, 1915.48

45Telluride Daily Journal, January 2, 1913, p. 6. 46Telluride Daily Journal, January 12, 1910, p. 1. The White Slave Traffic Act was better known as the “Mann Act,” named for its sponsor, Illinois congressman James Robert Mann. 47Pascoe, Pat. Helen Ring Robinson Colorado Senator and Suffragist, (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2011) p. 119. In 1915, Helen Ring Robinson (1860- 1923) was the Colorado Senate’s first and only female member, and she was prominent nationally as a reformer and suffragist. During the same legislative session, she also (unsuccessfully) introduced bills calling for a minimum wage for women, and for women to be allowed to serve as jurors. 48Ibid. See also: “Colorado Laws: Summary of Measures Passed by

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In Telluride, the new statute had an immediate impact. On December 6, 1915, City Attorney D. C. Stemen provided the Telluride City Council with an official opinion that the city’s policy of collecting taxes from brothel owners placed it in violation. That if the council had knowledge a building was being used for immoral purposes, it was obligated to present the evidence and seek the building’s closure, and further that if Telluride continued to collect taxes from houses of prostitution, then “each of the officers of the municipality could be held criminally liable.”49. Al Boynton, a local blacksmith, took advantage of the law the following year. In early April 1916, Boynton presented evidence that George and Lena Rock were operating six houses of prostitution in the red light district. The houses were soon closed by a temporary injunction, while a scheduled court hearing regarding the matter was moved to the district court in Gunnison. In the interim, Mrs. Rock turned on her competitors by presenting evidence that other individuals, including Lena Taifni, Pete Silva, T. B. McMahon, B. Perino, and Matt Mattivi, were also operating brothels in the red light district. Their establishments were also soon closed. No longer gaining tax revenue, the city’s policy of tolerating brothels came to an abrupt end. To whatever extent prostitution carried on in Telluride after that date, it did so untaxed, in violation of state law, and for the most part outside the public eye.50

Activities in the red light district were further tempered by passage of the National Prohibition Act in 1919, at least to outward appearances. In the district and elsewhere, Telluride’s saloons were recast as “soft drink parlors,” although most continued to sell alcohol. Such sales were not conducted openly, but were also not exactly a well kept secret. As a result, on February 14, 1922, federal agents descended on Telluride and conducted raids on nine separate establishments, including the Diamond, Primrose, Silver Bell, Idle Hour, Pick and Gad, Tirol House, Telluride Soft Drink Emporium, and The Corner.51

The highly-publicized raid was but a temporary setback, however, as the manufacture and sale of bootleg alcohol became key to Telluride’s economy throughout the prohibition era. By the early 1920s, in fact, the Town had replaced some of the previously lost prostitution tax revenue by instituting an annual $500.00 “soft drink tax” on each of Telluride’s numerous

Twentieth General Assembly.” Fort Collins Weekly Courier, May 21, 1915, p. 1; and “Action Started to Close Up Houses in Telluride’s Red Light District.” Telluride Daily Journal, April 8, 1916, p. 1. 49“City Atty. Gives Opinion On Fining Prostitution.” Telluride Daily Journal, December 7, 1915, p. 1. 50“Action Started to Close Up Houses in Telluride’s Red Light District,” Telluride Daily Journal, April 8, 1916, p. 1. See also, “More Property Owners In Red Light District Served With Complaints,” Telluride Daily Journal, April 10, 1916, p. 1. 51Telluride Daily Journal, February 15, 1922, pp. 1-4.

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“soft drink” parlors. According to one source, “at least fifty” such parlors operated in Telluride during prohibition. They were supplied by “ten [local] wholesale manufacturers,” who conducted business unfettered while local law enforcement officials looked the other way.52 A solidly-built stone building (5SM.1844) located in Popcorn Alley behind the Silver Bell at 121½ E. Pacific Avenue reportedly served as liquor cache during prohibition.

52Detwiler, Richard M. “Colorado’s Mountain Dew.” Rocky Mountain News, June 15, 1947, p. 27. The estimate of “fifty” soft drink parlors is probably inflated as the 1922 Sanborn Insurance map lists approximately twenty such establishments in Telluride.

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Photo Page No.1: Bird’s Eye Images of Telluride and the Upper San Miguel Valley

View of Telluride, facing northeast from Coonskin Mountain, September 15, 1887 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Charles Goodman, call # X-120).

View of Bridal Veil Falls (foreground) and Ingram Falls (background), September 1886 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Charles Goodman, call # Z-1409).

View to north, of Telluride’s western end, circa 1900 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H. C. Moore, call # X- 120).

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Photo Page No.2: Scenes of Colorado Avenue

View to east of Colorado Avenue, from between Oak and Parade on Colorado Avenue, 1897 (Denver Public Library, Aspen Streets, circa 1892 (Denver Public Library, Western Western History Collection, O. W. Courtney, call # X-146). History Collection, William Henry Jackson, call # X-123).

Telluride Hose Team No. 1 in front of the newly-built First National Bank of Telluride, July 3, 1892 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, W. J. Caepenter, call # X-118).

Fourth of July Parade in Telluride, 1909, view to northwest from the east end of Colorado Avenue (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, call # X-147).

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Photo Page No.3: Transportation-Related Images

Rio Grande Southern Railroad Telluride Depot, circa 1910 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, W. C. Welbon, call # X-91).

Galloping Goose #4, (5SM.1604) adjacent to the San Miguel County Courthouse, photo by Carl McWilliams, 2007.

Otto Mears and Tabeguache Ute Chief Ouray, circa 1889 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, William Henry Jackson, call # WHJ- 10219).

Galloping Goose #5 near Trout Lake, August 1941 (Telluride Historical Museum, SKU: 1995-106-04).

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Photo Page No.4: Community/Institutional Buildings in Telluride

Telluride School (5SM.1741), circa 1949 (Telluride Historical Museum, SKU: 195-105-07).

San Miguel County Courthouse (5SM.1605), circa 1940 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, William L. Flick, call # X-63177).

Miners’ Hospital (5SM.1749), circa 1900 (Telluride Historical Museum, SKU: 2004-01-481).

Western Federation of Miners Hospital (5SM.1756)’ circa 1905 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Joseph E. Byers, call # X-90).

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Photo Page No.5: Telluride Commercial Buildings

First National Bank of Telluride, (5SM.1537), 201 W. Colorado Avenue, photo by Carl McWilliams, 2007.

The (original) Sheridan Hotel (left) and the New Sheridan Hotel (right) between 1899 and 1905 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, call # X-94).

Telluride (Masonic) Lodge No. 56, (5SM.1549), 200 E. Colorado Avenue, photo by Carl McWilliams, 2007.

Tomboy Gold Mines Company Office (5SM.1561), 324 W. Colorado Avenue, photo by Richard Collier, 2007.

Telluride Transfer Company Building (5SM.1620), southwest corner of Pacific Avenue and Fir Street, circa 1940 (Telluride Historical Museum, SKU: 2006-01-087).

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Photo Page No.6: Telluride Residences

deLannoy House (5SM.1705), 330 W. Columbia Avenue, photo by Carl McWilliams, 2007.

Lomax House (5SM.1593), 453 W. Colorado Avenue, circa 1911 (Telluride Historical Museum, SKU: 2004-01-035).

North Oak Street residences in aftermath of Cornet Creek flood, July 1914 (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, call # X-107).

Hogg House (5SM.1706), 123, N. Aspen Street, photo by Carl McWilliams, 2009.

Shoemaker House, (5SM.1586), 541 W. Colorado Avenue, photo by Richard Collier, 2007.

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Photo Page No.7: Telluride’s Red Light District

McPherson House / The Senate, (5SM.1609)123/125 S. Spruce Street, photo by Richard Collier, 2007. Pick and Gad, former brothel at 228 S. Pine Street, in 1963 (5SM.1615) (Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Al Bachman, call # Z-12730).

Former crib in the Red Light District (5SM.1614) at 121 E. Pacific Telluride City Jail (5SM.1608) at 134 S. Spruce Street, photo by Avenue, photo by Richard Collier, 2007. Richard Collier, 2007.

Former Popcorn Alley “Liquor Cache” (5SM.1844) at 121½ E. Pacific Avenue, photo by Richard Collier, 2007.

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Labor Issues and the Western Federation of Miners

The period between 1901 and early 1904 was one of protracted violence between mine and mill owners and union members of the Western Federation of Miners (W. F. M.). The W. F. M. was formed in 1893, to promote the interests of workers in the Butte, Montana copper mines, Idaho lead mines, and Colorado gold mines, and it soon gained a reputation as a militant organization. In the late-1890s, union miners in Telluride were earning $3.00 for an eight-hour day when the Smuggler-Union mine adopted a “fathom” system of labor under which miners were paid based on the amount of ore they processed rather than on a daily rate. Another policy, soon enacted, required the miners to not only break the ore, but to further reduce it and throw it into mill holes. Mining was hard, dangerous work. Injuries, illness and death from cave-ins, fires, electrocution, mercury poisoning and other causes were all too common. As the mine owners became rich, the miners became resentful. On May 2, 1901, those at the Smuggler-Union went on strike, demanding a return to the daily wage system.53

The mine’s management refused to negotiate and quickly hired nonunion miners. The mine owners’ cause was aided by the Telluride Daily Journal which expressed a decidedly anti-union viewpoint throughout the period. The Journal was owned and published by Charles Painter who also ran a local insurance and abstract business. At least one other newspaper, The Denver Times, charged that Painter had been cowed by the mine owners who threatened him with the loss of insurance contracts if he published anything in support of the union. In response, the Union organized a boycott of the Journal and its advertisers.54

The dispute turned violent on July 3, 1901 when some 250 armed union members confronted the Smuggler’s night shift of nonunion miners as they exited the mine at dawn. A gun battle ensued which left three men dead and several wounded.55 Many of the strikebreakers then fled Telluride, with some subjected to further violence at the hands of union members. Prompted by a commission charged with hammering out an agreement, the mine owners eventually capitulated and reinstated the $3.00 for an eight-hour day policy. Tensions remained high, however, particularly due to safety issues, as during the ensuing months dozens of miners were killed in a series of fires, snow slides, and other disasters. In just one instance, twenty- eight men perished in a catastrophic fire which began at the tram house

53Fetter, pp. 102-103. 54“Serious Trouble is Threatened at Telluride,” The Denver Times, February 7, 1902, p. 1. 55Whitacre, p. 8.7.

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and spread to the entrance of the Smuggler Mine.56 Arthur Collins, the Smuggler-Union’s manager, was perceived by many to value production at the expense of safety. He was widely blamed for the loss of life, and at least one bitter person would exact his revenge just one year later. In November 1902, Collins again sought to hire non-union miners at the Smuggler-Union. Tensions escalated, and on the night of November 19th, Collins was shot and killed while playing a game of whist at his home in Pandora. The fatal bullet was fired through a window by an unknown person. No one was ever prosecuted for the crime, and speculation was rife that it had been carried out by a paid assassin who quickly left town.57

On September 1, 1903, millworkers in the San Miguel Valley went on strike, demanding a reduction from a twelve-hour day to an eight-hour day. Miners and millworkers in the Cripple Creek District had also gone on strike, while during the same period, the United Mine Workers of America had organized strikes in Colorado’s northern and southern coal fields. In Telluride, when the manager of the Tomboy Mine and Mill replaced his millworkers with nonunion labor, the miners also went on strike, in support of the millworkers. As violence once again threatened, Bulkeley Wells (who had replaced Collins as manager of the Smuggler-Union) requested Governor James Peabody to send National Guard troops so the mines and mills could be reopened with nonunion labor. The troops arrived on November 24th, and martial law was quickly implemented. The red light district was closed, and an 8:00 p. m. curfew was set. Dozens of “troublesome” strikers were rounded up, promptly convicted of vagrancy, and summarily deported to Montrose.58 Many later returned, and after martial law was once again implemented, tensions gradually receded. Bulkeley Wells, who had formed a separate, local, National Guard company, was particularly hostile in his aggressive attempts to break the union. He miraculously survived an assassination attempt on his own life, in April of 1908, after an explosive device was detonated under his bed.59 As the violence eventually ebbed, and the miners got back to work, there were no clear winners. In the long run, whatever had been gained by either side began to matter less and less, because, although neither the miner owners nor the miners yet realized it, Telluride’s glory days of mining had already passed.

Telluride in Transition: The Decline of the Mining Era

56“Holocaust at the Smuggler Mine,” Telluride Daily Journal, November 20, 1901, p. 1. 57“Manager A. L. Collins of the Smuggler-Union Murdered Last Night, Telluride Daily Journal, November 20, 1902. See also, Telluride Daily Journal, November 21, 1902, p. 3. 58Fetter, pp. 113-114. 59Telluride Daily Journal, March 28, 1908, p. 1.

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At the turn of the twentieth century, San Miguel County, with Telluride its major producer, ranked third in the state in the production of gold, fifth in the production of silver, and third in the combined production of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.60 The price of silver, though, had declined steadily since the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and the national financial panic of 1893. In the early 1890s, silver was valued at over one dollar per ounce; by 1894, though, it had declined to 63 cents per ounce, and by the early 1900s it was priced at just over 50 cents per ounce. Increased production of gold and other metals provided a temporary solution; however, the overall price of ore remained flat during the early decades of the twentieth century. The cost of production did not remain flat, though; it continued to rise, and in time the mines were no longer profitable. A series of disasters, both natural and human-caused, also contributed to the decline. A series of avalanches - many perhaps the result of denuded slopes from the wholesale removal of trees to provide lumber for the mines and mills – caused several deaths and destroyed property at an alarming rate. There were also numerous fires, including a devastating blaze at the Tomboy mill complex in July of 1922.61

The Liberty Bell, Smuggler, Union, Tomboy, and other large mines all closed down during the 1920s, leaving no doubt that that Telluride’s mining boom days were past. In 1908, Telluride was home to over 6000 hardy residents, but by 1920 the town’s population had declined to fewer that 2000. A decade later, at the dawn of the Great Depression, only a quarter of those people remained as the town’s population then stood at just 500. As the mines closed, so too did many of the town’s businesses, including the Bank of Telluride in September of 1929. Charles “Buck” Waggoner, the bank’s president, made infamous national headlines when at the time of the bank’s closure he perpetrated what became known as "The Great Waggoner Swindle." With the bank's assets in dire straits, rather than defaulting on local depositors, Waggoner instead traveled to Denver where he executed a complicated plot to defraud five New York banks out of a half million dollars. After completing a series of fraudulent transactions, Waggoner used the money to pay his bank's debts and to provide funds for reimbursement to depositors. Waggoner then fled to Wyoming, where he was arrested a few weeks later. He eventually confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a term of fifteen years in a federal penitentiary. In Telluride, Waggoner left an uncertain legacy; at worst he is remembered as an unscrupulous banker who stole a half million dollars, but at best he is regarded as a modern-day Robin Hood, who stole from the rich banks of New York to protect the hard earned savings of Telluride's citizens. After his release from prison, Waggoner moved to Reno, Nevada where he suffered from blindness and eventually

60Whitacre, p. 8.7. 61“Tomboy Suffers $100,000 Fire Loss Saturday,” Telluride Daily Journal, July 10, 1922, p. 1.

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died. Waggoner’s residence in Telluride was located at 235 N. Pine Street (5SM.1758).

By the late 1930s, there was renewed hope that Telluride’s mines would once again flourish. Between 1938 and 1942, the ownership of several mines was consolidated under Telluride Mines Inc. Led by its president and general manager Charles F. Parker Jr., Telluride Mines primarily focused on the production of zinc and lead during the World War II period. Among other once glorious mines, the company reopened works at the Smuggler-Union, Liberty Bell, Tomboy, Mendota, and Argentine. As a result, by 1950, Telluride’s population had rebounded to 1400. After the war, however, the price of lead and zinc began to steadily decline, and by the early 1950s Telluride Mines was operating at a deficit. The decision to close the mines was announced on April 27, 1953, as Parker explained that “with lead pegged at 12 cents per pound and zinc a penny less, it is impossible to operate the mine at other than a loss.”62 The closures threatened to idle some 230 men representing ninety percent of the town’s workforce, with only a skeleton crew of fifty retained to help with the shut down and mop-up operations.

With Telluride’s mining economy on the brink of collapse, a reprieve came just two weeks later. On May 12, 1953, the Rocky Mountain News carried a new headline:”Telluride Saved! Won’t Become Ghost City.”63 Under the banner headline, the News announced that the Idarado Mining Company, a subsidiary of the Newmont Mining Corporation, had stepped in at the last minute to take over the holdings of Telluride Mines Inc. for a reported two million dollars. Idarado consolidated additional area mines and oversaw completion of a new mill at Pandora sustaining the mining economy, at least on a limited basis, for another two decades. In 1978, as Telluride quietly celebrated its centennial year, Idarado closed the valley’s mines for the final time. Telluride’s long and illustrious mining era had come to an end. New visionaries were already hard at work, however, creating a new economic boom to usher Telluride into the modern era.

Joseph T. Zoline and the Telluride Ski Resort

In 1968 Joseph Zoline claimed an impressive professional resume. Raised and educated in Chicago, he had been a successful corporate lawyer, and chief executive for a handful of prominent corporations, among them Carte Blanche and MSL Industries. He owned a residence in Beverly Hills and a cattle ranch outside Aspen. He was fifty-six years old, and his life’s greatest work lay in front of him. Arriving in Telluride that year, where others saw only

62“Telluride Mines to Close; 1400 Residents Stunned,” Rocky Mountain News, April 28, 1953, p. 6. 63“Telluride Saved! Won’t Become Ghost City,” Rocky Mountain News, May 12, 1953, p. 18.

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a sleepy mining town dying on the vine, Zoline saw great potential. During the next few years he acquired over 4,500 acres of land, much of it from rancher Eugene Adams.64 Zoline envisioned a world class ski resort on the land, and he had the ambition, connections, and financial wherewithal to make it a reality. Telluride’s citizens were initially skeptical. Zoline was not the first to arrive in town with a grand scheme, and to many, a major ski development seemed nothing more than a foolish dream. Foremost among the obstacles was Telluride’s remote location. Far from any major population center, it was a two-hour drive just to reach Montrose, and then only if the weather and roads were good. The most recent passenger train service was nearly twenty years in the past. There was no local airport, and no plans to build one. Logistics aside, there was also the matter of perception, as Telluride’s reputation as a hard-scrabble mining town brought faint hope that it could one day become a destination resort.

Telluride, though, possessed two key assets - the breathtaking beauty of its location, nestled in a box canyon in the heart of the San Juans, and its charming Late Victorian era architecture. In fact, due to its architectural character and unique mining heritage, Telluride had been designated as a National Historic Landmark District four years previously. Zoline poured hundreds of thousands of dollars of his own money into the venture, lined up other investors from across the nation, and began to map out the resort’s details. Amazingly, he planned to open for the winter of 1972-1973. Soon convinced that the ski resort could become a reality, Telluride’s business community lined up in support.

Zoline hired Emile Allais, a former French world champion skier and Olympic bronze medalist, to design the resort’s runs and lifts. Regarded as France’s first great alpine skier, Allais had previously designed eight other world-class ski resorts.65 Billy Mahoney Sr., a Telluride local, was hired to oversee the initial day-to-day operations. An ardent supporter of the resort concept, Mahoney had built Telluride’s first lift, a tow rope hooked to the rear axle of a vintage jalopy.66

The resort’s original plans called for fifteen lifts and fifty-seven miles of trails with a drop from 12,750 feet to 8,750 feet, along with a ski lodge, condominiums and ski lifts.67 The Telluride Ski Resort’s first trails were dedicated by Governor John Love in April of 1971, with one of the first two runs named “First Love” in his honor. The other was named “Allais Alley,” in

64“Telluride Ski Development Planned,” Denver Post, December 10, 1968, p. 49; “Winter Resort Complex Planned Near Telluride,” Denver Post, April 17, 1971, p. 2H. 65Fetter, p. 164. 66“Joseph Zoline, 92, is Dead; Built Telluride Ski Resort,” The New York Times, October 14, 2004, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html. 67“Winter Resort Complex Planned Near Telluride,” Denver Post, April 17, 1971, p. 24.

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honor of Emile Allias. The names of other runs were derived from Telluride’s historic mining past, including the Pick and Gad, Tomboy, Smuggler, and Galloping Goose. The resort opened, as planned, for the 1972-1973 season with five lifts and a lodge. Three years later, the Coonskin Lift on the north side of the mountain was opened, connecting the ski area directly to the town of Telluride.68

In 1978, Zoline and Simonius Vischer, a Swiss partner, sold the Telluride Ski Resort to Ron Allred and Jim Wells. They in turn sold a majority interest to Hideo Morita. As of 2004, the resort was reportedly owned by Morita and by Chuck and Chad Horning of Newport Beach, California.69 Today, the Telluride Ski Resort boasts 2000 acres of skiable terrain, with 125 runs and 18 lifts including two gondolas, eight quads, two triple chairs, and two double chairs. The gondolas not only connect the ski area with the Town of Telluride, but also with the modern community of Mountain Village. Many who ski at the resort arrive via the Telluride Regional Airport which opened in December of 1984. Having seen his dream come to fruition, Joseph Zoline passed away at his home in Beverly Hills, at the age of 92, on September 23, 2004. Emile Allais celebrated his 100th birthday in France on February 25, 2012.

Telluride in Transition: The 1970s

Now celebrating its fortieth anniversary, the Telluride Ski Resort has had a tremendous impact on the region’s socioeconomic development. It ushered in a period of sustained growth and spawned the development of an entirely new community, Mountain Village. In the 1970s, though, the ski area was but one of several melding forces which together transformed Telluride from a mining-based economy into the tourist-based economy of a destination resort. By the late 1960s, Telluride’s population had once again dwindled to fewer than five hundred. Following World War II, a widespread uranium boom on the Colorado Plateau had further diminished Telluride’s population. With hard rock mining in decline, many traditional mining families departed Telluride during the 1950s. Seeking new opportunities in the uranium mines and mills, they had moved to such places as Naturita, Nucla, and Moab, Utah which were then booming.

With the opening of the ski resort, though, Telluride’s population rebounded rapidly, to over 1,100 citizens by the mid-1970s. Many newcomers were anything but traditional, however. As a group, they were young, in their twenties and thirties; and they were labeled by the media as part of the so- called “antiestablishment” or “counterculture.” Some, who seemingly had no visible means of support, were derisively called “trust funders” on the

68Ibid. 69“Joseph Zoline, 92, is Dead; Built Telluride Ski Resort.”

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assumption that they were living off of family money. Many were well- educated, and the area’s serene beauty seemed to foster philosophical and cultural expression. As a group, the newcomers also embraced the flamboyant dress and hair styles, psychedelic colors, and free social mores of the era. The late 1960s and early 1970s were a heady time throughout America. From Vietnam to Woodstock, from Kent State to Watergate, in the immortal words of Bob Dylan, the times truly were “a-changin.” In Telluride, the clash of cultures between the newcomers and the established mining families made for an interesting dynamic. As one contemporary source described the situation:

Telluride is balanced on a measure of tolerance between hippies and rednecks, trust-funders, and miners. The newly settled artists, dropout lawyers and movement veterans mingle with the conservative natives whose forebears arrived a century ago to work the gold and silver mines.”70

Louis Newell, editor of the weekly Telluride Times in the 1970s viewed the dynamic philosophically. In a 1974 interview he stated:

It was quite a cultural shock when the young crowd moved in among the established farm and ranch and mining families. But Telluride, during its long history as a mining town, has always been able to accept and assimilate people of all cultures and ethnic backgrounds, and I don’t anticipate any real problems now.71

In April of 1974, the antiestablishment newcomers captured the mayor’s office and four of six seats on the Telluride Town Board. In doing so, they effectively became the establishment, responsible for addressing the town’s needs and for planning its future. Jerry Rosenfeld, described as a “bearded poet and businessman” became the new mayor. A Denver native, Rosenfeld was also a former Air Force captain. His wife, Jane, was a registered nurse, who ten months previously had given birth to the couple’s first child. In addition to Jane’s work as a nurse, the Rosenfelds operated the Mother Lode Mercantile, a clothing and household utensils store in Telluride.72 At the time, some regarded the Rosenfelds as radicals; considered in retrospect, however, they conjure an image of progressive citizens who cared enough about their community to become actively involved.

The town marshal, who had a reputation for heavy-handed and perhaps uneven law enforcement tactics, was relieved of his duties soon after the

70Williams, Roger Neville. “Rocky Mountain Low,” Straight Creek Journal, February 26, 1976, p. 1. 71Bryan, Howard. “Telluride: Counterculture,” Rocky Mountain News (Trend Section), June 23, 1974, p. 3. 72Ibid.

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election. Otherwise, though, the new council undertook few controversial actions. The council members were progressive, however, as they worked to address the rapidly increasing growth and development pressures. Accordingly, the council passed an ordinance that year which created a historic preservation zone, to maintain and preserve the historic and architectural integrity of Telluride’s National Historic Landmark District. The ordinance also created the “Historical and Architectural Review Commission” (H.A.R.C.) to conduct reviews of designs for new buildings and alterations to historic buildings, before the issuance of building permits. Balancing the dual needs of providing for economic growth and preserving the integrity of the town’s unique architectural heritage has remained a key goal, and challenge, for the entire Telluride community from that time to the present.

Telluride Into the Twenty-First Century

When the mines closed for the final time in 1978, many barely paused long enough to take notice. The mining era was history, both literally and figuratively. While Telluride’s rich mining heritage was regarded as something to celebrate, it was also viewed as part of an increasingly distant past. By the turn of the twenty-first century, relatively few mining families remained. The houses and commercial buildings where they lived and worked would live on in Telluride, but only the people could tell their stories. The stories of many were thankfully preserved through an oral history project led by Davine Pera and Lael Fruen, which resulted in the book Conversations at 9,000 Feet: A Collection of Oral Histories From Telluride, Colorado. Several other publications, and the preservation and dissemination of historic images through the Telluride Historical Museum, have also fostered a keen interest in Telluride’s history. Notable among them are Telluride’s Victorian Vernacular: A Walking Tour, by Rosemerry Wahtola Trommer and Telluride Images of America by Elizabeth Barbour. Previous survey efforts, including those conducted by Front Range Research Associates, have also helped foster interest in Telluride’s mining and architectural heritage.

From the 1970s to the present, Telluride has been at the forefront of contemporary American culture. Beginning in 1974, with a Film Festival and a Bluegrass Festival, Telluride has brought music and the arts into the lives of hundreds of thousands, all against the majestic backdrop of the San Juan range. Now operated by the National Film Preserve, the Telluride Film Festival is a key part of the international film festival calendar, along with those at Cannes, Toronto and New York. Another film festival, known as Mountainfilm in Telluride, began in 1979. It is billed as America’s premier festival, celebrating achievement in adventure, activism, culture and environment. Other annual music festivals include a Jazz Festival, a Bluegrass Festival, a Blues and Brews Festival, and a Chamber Music Festival. Iconic past and present Telluride festivals also include an Ideas Festival, a Balloon Festival, a

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Heritage Festival, a Wine Festival, a Playwrights’ Festival, and even Yoga and Mushroom Festivals.

Telluride has also become a Mecca for outdoor enthusiasts, with activities ranging from fly fishing in the San Miguel and Delores Rivers, to mountain climbing, hiking and biking, to exploring the rugged San Juans by jeep. Current organized events include: the 100 mile “Hardrock Endurance Run;” the “Full Tilt in Telluride” bicycle race, a part of the Mountain States Cup bike racing series; the seventeen-mile “Imogene Pass Run” between Telluride and Ouray; and the “Mountains to the Desert” bicycle race from Telluride to Moab, Utah.

Bibliography

Publications

Barbour, Elizabeth. Telluride Images of America. Charleston, SC et. al.: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.

Colorado Business Directory listings for Telluride, 1881-1950.

Dawson, J. Frank. Place Names in Colorado: Why 700 Communities Were So Named, 150 of Spanish or Indian Origin. Denver: The J. Frank Dawson Publishing Company, 1954.

Fetter, Richard L. and Suzanne Fetter. Telluride From Pick to Powder. Caldwell, ID: Claxton Press, 2001.

Lavender, David. The Telluride Story. Ridgway, CO: Wayfinder Press, 1987.

Levek, Amy and Rolley Dean. The YX factor Telluride, Colorado 1970s (DVD), 2004.

MacKell, Jan. Brothels, Bordellos, & Bad Girls: Prostitution in Colorado 1860- 1930. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004.

______. Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountains. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009.

Pascoe, Pat. Helen Ring Robinson Colorado Senator and Suffragist. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2011.

Pera, Davine (comp.). Conversations at 9,000 Feet A Collection of Oral Histories From Telluride, Colorado. Ouray, CO: Western Reflections Publishing Company, 2000.

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Secrest, Clark. Hell’s Belles: Prostitution, Vice, and Crime in Early Denver: With a Biography of Sam Howe, Frontier Lawman. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2001.

Trommer, Rosemerry Wahtola. Telluride’s Victorian Vernacular: A Walking Tour. Telluride: Telluride Historical Museum, 2001.

Ubbelohde, Carl, Maxine Benson and Duane Smith. A Colorado History. Boulder: Pruett Publishing Company, 1972.

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Newspaper and Journal Articles (arranged chronologically)

“Holocaust at the Smuggler Mine.” Telluride Daily Journal, November 20, 1901, p. 1.

“Serious Trouble is Threatened at Telluride.” The Denver Times, February 7, 1902, p. 1.

“Manager A. L. Collins of the Smuggler-Union Murdered Last Night.” Telluride Daily Journal, November 20, 1902, p. 3.

“House Passes Very Stringent White Slave Measure.” Telluride Daily Journal, January 12, 1910, p. 1.

“Colorado Laws: Summary of Measures Passed by Twentieth General Assembly.” Fort Collins Weekly Courier, May 21, 1915, p. 1.

“City Atty. gives Opinion On Fining Prostitution.” Telluride Daily Journal, December 7, 1915, p. 1.

“Action Started to Close Up Houses in Telluride’s Red Light District.” Telluride Daily Journal, April 8, 1916, p. 1.

“More Property Owners in Red Light District Served With Complaints.” Telluride Daily Journal, April 10, 1916, p. 1.

“Tomboy Suffers $100,000 Fire Loss Saturday.” Telluride Daily Journal, July 10, 1922, p. 1.

Detwiler, Richard M. “Colorado’s Mountain Dew,” Rocky Mountain News, June 15, 1947. p. 27.

Kinikin, L. C. “Early Days in Telluride.” Colorado Magazine, vol. 26, January 1949, pp. 15-25.

“Telluride’s Mines to Close; 1400 Residents Stunned,” Rocky Mountain News, April 28, 1953. p. 6.

“Telluride Saved! Won’t Become Ghost Town,” Rocky Mountain News, May 12, 1953. p. 18.

“Telluride Named Historic Site,” Rocky Mountain News, July 8, 1964. p. 17.

“Telluride Ski Development Planned,” Denver Post, December 10, 1968. p. 49.

“New Ski Area Trails Honor Love, Allais,” Denver Post, April 8, 1971, p. 19.

“Winter Resort Complex Planned Near Telluride,” Denver Post, April 17, 1971. p. 2H.

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Bryan, Howard. “Telluride: Counterculture,” Denver Post Trend Section, June 23, 1974, p. 3.

Williams, Roger Neville. “Rocky Mountain Low,” Straight Creek Journal, February 26, 1976, p. 1.

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Reports and Online Sources

“1987 Telluride Historic Architectural Survey.” http://www.town.telluride.co.us

“Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Manual Guidelines for Identification: History and Archaeology.” (Revised 2007, History Colorado, OAHP) http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/OAHP/crforms_edum at/pdfs/1527.

“Colorado's Historic Architecture and Engineering–Field Guide.” http://www.historycolorado.org/archaeologists/colorados-historic- architecture-engineering-field-guide.

Denver Public Library, Western History and Genealogy, DPL Western History Photos database. http://www.photoswest.org.

Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Colorado. (BLM Cultural Resources Series (Colorado: No. 10)), Chapter VI: “Early Mining and Transportation in Southwestern Colorado 1860-1861.” http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/blm/co/10/chap6.htm

“Historical Boundaries and Landmark Survey in Telluride, Colorado.” report prepared by Beasley and Wellborn Preservation/Planning Consultants, October 1978.

Husband, Michael B. “Colorado Plateau Country Historic Context.” State Historical Society of Colorado, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, 1984.

“Idarado Mine.” http://www.ask.com/wiki/Idarado Mine.

“Joseph T. Zoline.” http://www.ask.com/wiki/Joseph_T._Zoline.

Martin, Douglas. “Joseph Zoline, 92, Is Dead; Built Telluride Ski Resort.” The New York Times, October 14, 2004: http://query.nytimes.com.

“Newmont Mining Corporation.” http://www.ask.com/wiki/Newmont_Mining.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Company Maps for Telluride. Accessed via the Denver Public Library at http://sanborn.umi.com.ezproxy.denverlibrary.org.

Telluride Historical Museum Digital Photo Collection: http://www.telluridemuseum.org.

Telluride Journal and (Telluride) Daily Journal, historic newspaper articles accessed via the Colorado Historic Newspapers web site: http://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org.

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United States Federal Census Records (accessed online via HeritageQuest at http://www.heritagequestonline.com.ezproxy.denverlibrary.org, and Ancestry.com at http://www.ancestry.com.

“Western Federation of Miners.” http://www.ask.com/wiki/Western_Federation_of_Miners.

Whitacre, Christine. “Telluride National Historic Landmark District.” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, November 1987.

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4.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Background

The Town of Telluride was designated a National Historic Landmark District on July 4, 1964. It is one of five mining-related NHL districts in Colorado, along with Central City-Black Hawk, Cripple Creek, Georgetown-Silver Plume, Leadville, and Silverton. Historic properties in Telluride were not surveyed, however, until the late 1970s and 1980s, and the NHL district’s boundaries were not finalized until a National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for the “Telluride National Historic Landmark District” was prepared by Christine Whitacre of Front Range Research Associates in November 1987. Previously, in 1974, Telluride adopted a Historic Preservation District Ordinance as part of an effort to protect the town’s historic architecture from development pressures. The ordinance created a “Historic and Architectural Review Commission” (HARC), developed initial boundaries for the NHL district, and established a town-wide Historic Preservation Overlay District (HPOD) as part of the Town’s land use code.

Telluride’s first comprehensive survey was completed in 1978, culminating in the report “Historical Boundaries and Landmark Survey in Telluride, Colorado,” prepared by Beasley and Wellborn Preservation/Planning Consultants in October 1978. Spearheaded by Laura Harper, the 1978 survey relied heavily on volunteer efforts by many Telluride citizens including members of HARC, Town employees, and the Telluride Town Council. Products from the 1978 survey included photographs of the town’s historic buildings, “worksheets” for individual buildings and blocks, and the Beasley and Wellborn report. The one page worksheets included fields for the following data: general condition, uses, zoning, building materials, story height, setback, environmental quality, architectural/historical interest, intrusions, and other considerations.

In 1986, the Town of Telluride contracted with Front Range Research Associates to complete a more in-depth intensive-level survey of the Landmark District’s primary buildings. Funded in part by a Certified Local Government (CLG) grant, the 1986 survey resulted in the completion of standardized “Historic Building Inventory Record” forms for 322 primary buildings (5SM.1534–5SM.1855). R. Laurie Simmons and Christine Whitacre were the principal historians who worked on the project for Front Range Research Associates. The primary building survey was followed in 1987 by the survey of approximately 150 secondary buildings and structures, including sheds, barns, privies, garages, and secondary residences, assigning each a “Telluride Historic Architectural Survey” (THAS) number. The 1986/1987 surveys

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established a four-tiered rating system evaluating each property as “contributing,” “supporting,” “noncontributing with qualifications,” or “noncontributing without qualifications,” and they culminated with the completed National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for the “Telluride National Historic Landmark District.” A survey report, titled “1987 Telluride Historic Architectural Survey” also resulted from the 1986 and 1987 surveys.

In 1997, the Town of Telluride again contracted with Front Range Research Associates to reevaluate some secondary buildings and structures. This project resulted in the partial completion of a “Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Site or Property Reevaluation Form” for select secondary resources, noting changes subsequent to the 1986/1987 surveys.

The Current Survey

The Town of Telluride Re-Survey of Historic Structures project is intended to update the 1978, 1986, 1987, and 1997 surveys utilizing current professional methods, standards and forms, as administered by the National Park Service (NPS) and the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP), a division of History Colorado within the Colorado Department of Education. The present survey was completed in two phases, with phase one completed between April 2007 and June 2008, and with phase two completed between October 2010 and January 2012. Work on the project was suspended, due to budget constraints, between the two phases. Funded entirely by the Town of Telluride, phase one resulted in the intensive- level survey of 158 properties (458 structures) (5SM.1534-5SM.1693). Phase two was funded by the Town of Telluride with the assistance of a State Historical Fund grant, and resulted in the survey of 159 properties(458 Structures) (5SM.1694-5SM.1855). A “Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form,” annotated with a sketch map, a location map, and black-and-white photos, was prepared for each intensively- surveyed property. As defined by Town of Telluride staff, the current project’s goals are:

• Re-survey and update the 1986, 1987 and 1997 surveys.

• Identify character-defining features to inform development review decisions by HARC.

• Provide current and accurate information for use in various historic preservation activities in the community.

• Increase public awareness of the community’s historic resources.

• Utilize a survey format that provides information that is usable for the purposes associated with the Town’s designation as a National Historic Landmark and Certified Local Government.

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Methodology

The project began by obtaining and reviewing the survey forms from the previous surveys, cross-referenced with an on-line file search through the OAHP "Compass" database. Beginning with this initial data, the basic scope of the project was to complete all necessary tasks to prepare a Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form for each property. Because accepted survey methodology and the survey forms have changed appreciably since 1987, and because there have been notable changes to Telluride’s built environment, the project was approached as an essentially new survey rather than as merely an update of the previous surveys.

A key project objective was to inventory all of the properties with a consistent methodology and standard for excellence. In addition to recording architectural and historical data for each property, the survey results also provide a professional recommendation regarding whether or not each property contributes to the National Historic Landmark District, if it qualifies for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places, and if it qualifies individually under the Town of Telluride Standards for Designation. Relative to the Landmark District, there are four separate rating classifications: “contributing,” “supporting,” “noncontributing with qualifications,” and “noncontributing without qualifications,” as described in the Town of Telluride Land Use Code (LUC). See LUC Section 2, Division 3 Definitions for Historic and Architectural Review.

Structures that have lost their rating since the 1987/1997 surveys due to fire or demolition are noted as “Non-designated”.

The survey methodology encompassed three broad tasks: archival research and the assimilation of property data, field survey and photography, and the completion of the inventory forms.

Archival Research and the Assimilation of Property Data

To begin the project, basic property ownership and locational data was obtained from the San Miguel County Assessor’s Office – on-line via the San Miguel County Assessor Data Site at http://sanmiguel.valuewest.net/, and in person at the Assessor’s office by obtaining a paper copy of the “Property Appraisal Record” for each property to be surveyed. In-depth archival research was then conducted to provide contextual information about Telluride's historical development, and to collect relevant historical information about each individual property. Extensive research was conducted online and at the following repositories:

• Telluride Historical Museum: (photo collection, Colorado Business directory listings for Telluride, vertical files and published secondary works.)

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• Denver Public Library, Western History and Genealogy Department: (Sanborn insurance maps, newspaper and journal articles, Colorado History magazine articles, and other secondary works).

• San Miguel County Clerk and Recorders office, San Miguel County Courthouse: (San Miguel County Commissioners’ minutes).

• Town of Telluride Planning and Building Department: (Building permit files, planning and property related reports, previous survey files, maps).

• Wilkinson Public Library, Telluride: (Vertical files and selected published secondary works).

Extensive on-line research focused on U. S. federal census records, Sanborn Insurance maps, digital photo collections, and historic newspaper articles from the Telluride Journal and (Telluride) Daily Journal. The 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 federal census records were accessed via the Denver Public Library website at http://denverlibrary.org/ and “HeritageQuest” at http://www.heritagequestonline.com.ezproxy.denverlibrary.org. The 1930 federal census was accessed through Ancestry.com at http://www.ancestry.com. Sanborn Insurance maps for Telluride were published in August 1886, October 1890, February 1893, December 1899, July 1904, November 1908, and October 1922. On-line copies of the Sanborn maps were obtained through the Denver Public Library’s website at http://sanborn.umi.com.ezproxy.denverlibrary.org. Digital images of historic photos were obtained from the Telluride Historical Museum’s website at http://www.telluridemuseum.org, and from the Denver Public Library’s website at http://digital.denverlibrary.org. Relevant historic newspaper articles were viewed online using the Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection website at http://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. Notable secondary sources researched included: Conversations at 9,000 Feet A Collection of Oral Histories From Telluride, compiled by Davine Pera; Telluride’s Victorian Vernacular: A Walking Tour, by Rosemerry Wahtola Trommer, Telluride Images of America, by Elizabeth Barbour; Historic Telluride in Rare Photographs, by Christian J. Buys; and Telluride From Pick to Powder, by Richard L. Fetter and Suzanne Fetter. Finally, additional biographical information was obtained through oral interviews with property owners and neighborhood residents during the course of the survey.

Field Survey and Photography

The exterior form and appearance of every building surveyed was recorded in detail by a systematic description of materials, form and design, stylistic attributes, setting, condition, and integrity. Any associated secondary buildings were also similarly recoded. The manually recorded field notes, and the results of the research, were then used to complete a computer- generated Colorado “Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory

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Form” (OAHP #1403) for each property in accordance with the “Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Manual."

Locational information (UTM coordinates, legal lot and block descriptions, and Section, Township and Range grid position to within 2½ acres) was obtained for all intensively surveyed properties. The location of each intensively surveyed property was also pinpointed on a segment of the Telluride, Colorado U.S.G.S. Quadrangle map.

Black-and-white digital photographs of each intensively surveyed property were taken, using a Nikon D-70 Megapixal SLR camera. All exposed elevations of each building were photographed, along with any notable façade details, the number of views being dictated by the placement of each building. Two sets of borderless 4" by 6" black-and-white prints were developed, packaged, and labeled according to OAHP guidelines.

Completion of Colorado Cultural Resource Architectural Inventory Forms (OAHP #1403)

An intensive-level inventory form (OAHP #1403) was completed for each property. In addition to the property ownership, locational data, and administrative information, each inventory form includes the following narrative sections: “Architectural Description,” Landscape or Special Setting Features,” “Construction History,” “Historical Background,” “Statement of Significance,” and “Assessment of Historic Physical Integrity Related to Significance.” Each inventory form also provides a professional evaluation of the surveyed property’s rating status relative to the Telluride National Historic Landmark District. Properties rated “contributing” and “supporting” are considered contributing resources within the district. Properties rated “noncontributing with qualifications” and “noncontributing without qualifications: are considered noncontributing resources within the district. Contributing properties within a historic district are typically linked by context, display above-average integrity, and date to a specific time period. Properties that do not retain sufficient integrity, that are not associated with the district's significance, or properties that are less than fifty years of age, are usually considered noncontributing. In addition to the district evaluations, each inventory form provides a professional evaluation regarding the property’s eligibility to be individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and individually designated as a local landmark by the Town of Telluride. In general, to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places, a property should (under most circumstances) be at least fifty years old, possess significance under one of the National Register Criteria, and exhibit sufficient integrity to convey a sense of its historic significance. The National Register Criteria and the concept of integrity as it relates to significance are discussed in greater detail below. Each inventory form also includes a location map and a site sketch map showing the footprint and

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placement of the intensively surveyed properties, including their relationship with adjacent buildings in the same block.

Potential Eligibility for Individual Listing in the National Register of Historic Places

Properties eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places must be deemed significant under one or more of the National Register Criteria, as defined by the National Park Service:

Criterion A: The property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

Criterion B: Properties that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

Criterion C: Properties that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.

Criterion D: Properties that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

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Potential Eligibility for Individual Designation by the Town of Telluride

Telluride Standards for Designation: (Telluride Land Use Code Section 7-505)

7-505.A.1. The structure is representative of a unique historical social activity of an era.

7-505.A.2. The structure dominates the neighborhood by virtue of its mass, architecture or location.

7.505. A.3. The structure was an historically or architecturally important public building.

7.505. A.4. The structure has a unique historical significance beyond a local level.

7.505. A.5. The parcel was the site of an important historic event or activity.

7.505. A.6. The structure has a “contributing or qualified contributing” rating on the THAS.

Integrity

The historical integrity of each property inventoried was evaluated as it relates to the National Register Criteria. To qualify for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, a property must not only be significant, but also have integrity. A property's integrity refers to its ability to convey its historic significance. In other words, integrity represents how much a property has been altered from its historic appearance. Properties that have been altered substantially have poor integrity, while those that have not been altered at all have excellent integrity. As defined by the National Park Service, there are seven qualities of integrity that must be considered: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Historic properties do not need to retain all seven qualities of integrity to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; however, they must retain enough of these qualities to convey a sense of their historic significance.

Location

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Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred.

Design Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property.

Setting Setting is the physical environment of a historic property. Whereas location refers to the specific place where a property was built or an event occurred, setting refers to the character of the place in which the property played its historical role.

Materials Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property.

Workmanship Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. It is the evidence of artisans' labor and skill in constructing or altering a building, structure, object, or site.

Feeling Feeling is a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. It results from the presence of physical features that, taken together, convey the property's historic character.

Association Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. A property retains association if it is the place where the event or activity occurred and is sufficiently intact to convey that relationship to an observer.

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5.0 RESULTS

The Telluride Re-Survey of Historic Structures project has resulted in the intensive-level survey and completion of Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Forms for 324 properties, of which 311 are located within the Telluride National Historic District boundaries. Included in the survey are 324 primary buildings, and 134 historic secondary buildings and structures. The inventory forms present detailed architectural descriptions, and well-researched construction histories and historic background narratives for each property. Eligibility evaluations, relative to the National Register Criteria and the Town of Telluride’s Standards for Designation are also provided, and discussed in greater detail below.

Tables 2 and 3, on the following pages below, categorize the primary buildings by their historic function/use. The primary buildings are also categorized by their architectural style or building type, using the style and building type lexicon of History Colorado / Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, as listed below in Table 4. The 134 secondary buildings and structures include sheds, barns, garages, carriage houses, secondary residences, privies, and one granary. Table 2 totals more than the number of primary buildings surveyed because some buildings had more than one original historic function/use.

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Domestic / Single Dwelling 236 Domestic / Multiple Dwelling 12 Commerce and Trade / Specialty Store 11 Commerce and Trade / Warehouse 8 Commerce and Trade / Brothel 7 Commerce and Trade / Bar 6 Commerce and Trade 6 Commerce and Trade / Financial Institution 4 Social / Meeting Hall 4 Commerce and Trade / Restaurant 3 Commerce and Trade / Professional 3 Commerce and Trade / Business 3 Health Care / Hospital 3 Domestic / Hotel 3 Commerce and Trade / Grocery Store 2 Religion / Church 2 Education / School 2 Education / Education Related 1 Government / Courthouse 1 Government / Jail 1 Transportation / Depot 1 Transportation / Rail Related 1 Agriculture/Subsistence / Barn 1 Recreation and Culture / Theater 1 Table 2. Primary Buildings by Historic Function/Use

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Domestic / Single Dwelling 219 Domestic / Multiple Dwelling 22 Commerce and Trade / Specialty Store 16 Commerce and Trade / Restaurant 13 Commerce and Trade / Business 13 Commerce/Trade / Professional 6 Commerce and Trade (includes mixed-use commercial 5 Education / School 5 Vacant / Not in Use 5 Social / Meeting Hall 2 Commerce and Trade / Warehouse 2 Commerce and Trade / Financial Institution 1 Recreation and Culture / Theater 1 Recreation and Culture / Museum 1 Government / Courthouse 1 Government / City Hall 1 Religion / Church 1 Transportation / Rail-Related 1 Agriculture / Subsistence / Barn 1 Table 3. Primary Buildings by Current Function/Use

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No Defined Style 119 Late Victorian 99 Modern Movements / Neo-Victorian 25 Commercial / Late 19th Century Commercial Style 19 Modern Movements 15 Commercial / False Front Commercial 10 Late Victorian / Queen Anne 8 Hipped-Roof Box 7 Foursquare 6 Late 19th and Early 20th Century Revivals / Dutch Colonial 4 Late Victorian / Italianate 2 Late 19th and Early 20th Century Revivals / Romanesque 2 Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements 2 Classic Cottage 2 Late Victorian / Gothic Revival 1 Late Victorian / Carpenter Gothic 1 Late Victorian / Edwardian 1 Late 19th and Early 20th Century Revivals / Classical Revival 1 Total 324 Table 4. Primary Buildings by Architectural Style/Type

Eligibility Evaluations

A primary objective of the project was to evaluate each building’s eligibility status within the Telluride National Historic Landmark District. As described above in Section 3, The Town of Telluride employs four separate rating classifications: “contributing,” “supporting,” “noncontributing with qualifications,” and “noncontributing without qualifications.” Regarding the National Register of Historic Places, buildings rated contributing and supporting are regarded as contributing resources within the Landmark District, while buildings rated noncontributing with qualifications and noncontributing without qualifications are considered noncontributing resources within the Landmark District. The following evaluations represent solely the professional opinion of Cultural Resource Historians; they are not formal determinations of eligibility. Among the 324 primary buildings, 127 were rated contributing, 94 were rated supporting, 24 were rated noncontributing with qualifications, and 49 were rated noncontributing without qualifications. Nine others are located outside the Landmark

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District’s boundaries. 210 primary buildings (68%) were evaluated as contributing resources within the district, while 74 primary buildings (32%) were evaluated as noncontributing resources within the district. Among the contributing properties, 39 were evaluated as individually eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. These are listed below in Table 4. Properties individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places are also eligible for the State Register of Historic Properties; however, evaluation for State Register eligibility was otherwise outside the project’s scope of work.

The 134 historic secondary buildings and structures were also evaluated as contributing, supporting, noncontributing with qualifications, or noncontributing without qualifications, resources within the Landmark District. 67 were evaluated as contributing, 34 were evaluated as supporting, 9 were evaluated as noncontributing with qualifications, and 19 were evaluated as noncontributing without qualifications. Two secondary structures are outside the district’s boundaries. Thus, 101 historic secondary buildings and structures (75%) were evaluated as contributing resources within the district, while 28 historic secondary buildings and structures (25%) were evaluated as noncontributing resources within the district. Several non- historic secondary buildings and structures were also surveyed and described on the individual inventory forms; however, they are not enumerated in this report. Comprehensive survey logs for the primary buildings and the historic secondary buildings and structures are presented at the end of the report in Tables 6 and 7. The Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Forms, for each of the 324 intensively- surveyed properties, accompany this report.

Site No. Address Historic Name N.R. Criteria

5SM.1534 231-235 W. Colorado Avenue New Sheridan Hotel A, C

5SM.1537 201 W. Colorado Avenue First National Bank Building A, C

5SM.1539 129/131 W. Colorado Avenue Mahr Building A, C

5SM.1540 109 W. Colorado Avenue Bank of Telluride Building A, C 5SM.1542 107/109 E. Colorado Avenue Coslett and Stansbeck Building A, C 5SM.1549 200 E. Colorado Avenue Telluride Lodge No. 56 A. F. & A. M. A, C 5SM.1550 130-134 E. Colorado Avenue Stellmacher and Pheasy Building A, C Nunn and Wrench Block, National 5SM.1553 100-114 E. Colorado Avenue A, C Club Building

Tomboy Gold Mines Company Office 5SM.1561 324 W. Colorado Avenue A, C Building

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Site No. Address Historic Name N.R. Criteria 5SM.1604 305 W. Colorado Avenue Galloping Goose A 5SM.1605 305 W. Colorado Avenue San Miguel County Courthouse A, C 5SM.1608 134 S. Spruce Street Telluride Jail A, C 5SM.1620 200 W. Pacific Avenue Telluride Transfer Company Building A, C 5SM.1653 440 W. Pacific Avenue Finn Hall A 5SM.1657 472 W. Pacific Avenue Swedish-Finn Temperance Hall A, C Denver and Rio Grande Southern 5SM.1658 400 Block W. San Juan Ave. A, C Railroad Depot

5SM.1682 207 N. Oak Street Davis House, Waggoner House A, B, C

5SM.1695 316 N. Oak Street Sleeper House, Lehmann House A, C

5SM.1697 234 N. Oak Street Olson House A, C 5SM.1705 330 W. Columbia Avenue deLannoy House A, B, C 5SM.1710 239 N. Aspen Street Wheeler House A, C 5SM.1726 552 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown C 5SM.1728 566 W. Columbia Avenue Johnson House A, C 5SM.1731 539 W. Columbia Avenue Hanson House A, C 5SM.1733 513 W. Columbia Avenue Weller House A, C

5SM.1737 237 N. Townsend Street Anderson House, Shane House A, C

5SM.1741 447 W. Columbia Avenue Telluride School A, C Nunn Club House; Telluride Institute 5SM.1743 427 W. Columbia Avenue A, C House; Cornell House; Pinhead House 5SM.1748 135 W. Columbia Avenue Telluride School, Telluride Town Hall A, C

Miners’ Hospital, Dr. Hall’s Hospital, 5SM.1749 201 W. Gregory Avenue A, C Telluride Historical Museum

5SM.1756 107 W. Columbia Avenue Western Federation of Miners Hospital A, C 5SM.1758 235 N. Pine Street McCoy House, Waggoner House A, B, C 5SM.1770 301 N. Spruce Street St. Patrick’s Church A, C 5SM.1774 320 N. Spruce Street Taylor House, Wood House A, C 5SM.1799 337 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown C 5SM.1816 231 E. Galena Avenue Dennis House A, C 5SM.1823 109 E. Gregory Avenue Unknown A, C Sheridan Opera House, Segerberg 5SM.1827 110 N. Oak Street A, C Opera House 5SM.1831 337 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown C

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Table 5: Properties Evaluated as Individually Eligible for the National Register of Historic Places

6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

The information provided in the individual inventory forms and in this report is intended broadly to promote the National Historic Landmark District, Telluride’s impressive architectural heritage, and the town’s unique and diverse history - and to thereby enhance the quality of life for Telluride’s residents, business owners, employees, and visitors. More specifically, the information is intended to be used directly by property owners, Town of Telluride staff, the Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC), the Telluride Town Council, and the greater Telluride community. Toward this end the survey data should be widely publicized and disseminated. Copies of the inventory forms should be provided to the property owners, and the survey data may be made available on-line, through the Town of Telluride’s website. Paper or electronic copies of the survey results may also be made available through the Wilikinson Public Library, the Telluride Historical Museum, and perhaps through other venues. Other recommendations include:

• Owners of eligible properties should be made aware of direct and indirect economic benefits of preservation, including state and federal tax credits, and various grants programs including the State Historic Fund. This may be accomplished on an ongoing basis, and periodically through workshops and other programs.

• Business owners may be encouraged to use the inventory forms’ historical and architectural data for a variety of marketing purposes, cooperatively and/or independently.

• The inventory forms’ architectural and historical data should be used to promote heritage tourism, through enhanced walking tour guide books, brochures, and recordings, through new plaques for select buildings. and through other media. • The survey results should be used to enhance the ongoing design guideline process.

• Owners of properties evaluated as individually eligible for the National Register should be encouraged and incentivized to seek that additional level of designation.

• Positive communication between the Town staff, property owners, architects, builders, developers, realtors, and other stakeholders, is encouraged to maintain and improve Telluride’s architectural heritage.

• New intensive-level surveys, funded in part by SHF or CLG grants, should be undertaken at more frequent intervals than in the past. Future survey

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efforts may benefit from being smaller and more neighborhood-oriented efforts, undertaken every few years.

• The current survey data may be used as a starting point to encourage continued research and new publications regarding Telluride’s history.

• Telluride’s post-mining era history may be further researched and publicized.

• The Landmark District’s period of significance may be expanded to include late mining era resources, particularly including some secondary buildings and structures.

• The preservation of smaller scale working class houses in the district, along with more high style Victorian era houses is encouraged.

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2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

5SM.1801 121 N. Alder Street Unknown Chism House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing 5SM.1802 225 N. Alder Street N/A Kennedy House Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1987 With Qualifications Noncontributing 5SM.1852 117 N. Aspen Street Unknown Herrick House Supporting Modest Addition, good integrity With Qualifications 5SM.1706 123 N. Aspen Street Hogg House Montgomery House Contributing Contributing 5SM.1707 129 N. Aspen Street Unknown Winter House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1715 210 N. Aspen Street N/A Jorgenson House Supporting Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1999

THAS #72 5SM.1715 210 N. Aspen Street Garage Supporting Supporting

5SM.1714 216 N. Aspen Kracaw House Cohen / Rubenstein House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1709 229 N. Aspen Street Bennett House Knorr House With Qualifications With Qualifications 2005 - poor addition but not visible from 5SM.1713 230 N. Aspen Street Unknown Neidich House Contributing Supporting street THAS #69 5SM.1713 230 N. Aspen Street Shed Contributing Supporting

5SM.1710 239 N. Aspen Street Wheeler House Cowart House Contributing Contributing

THAS #55 5SM.1710 239 N. Aspen Street Barn / Shed Supporting Contributing no significant additions

Noncontributing 5SM.1712 238 (240) N. Aspen Street N/A Zintak House Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1992 With Qualifications

THAS #57 302 N Aspen Street Shed Supporting Supporting

5SM.1644 122 S. Aspen Street Unknown Alpine Chapel Contributing Supporting Large Addition Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #174 5SM.1644 122 S. Aspen Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Nunn and Wrench Block, 5SM.1553 100-114 E. Colorado Avenue Nunn and Wrench Block Contributing Contributing National Club Building 5SM.1542 107/109 E. Colorado Avenue Coslett and Stansbeck Building Toggery Building Contributing Contributing 5SM.1552 124 E. Colorado Avenue Saloon Down to Earth Building Contributing Contributing Wizard Entertainment, 5SM.1551 126 E. Colorado Avenue Saloon Contributing Contributing Shanghai Palace Telluride Gallery of Fine 5SM.1550 130-134 E. Colorado Avenue Stellmacher and Pheasy Building Contributing Contributing Arts Building, et. al. Honga’s Lotus Petal 5SM.1543 131 E. Colorado Avenue General Store Contributing Contributing Restaurant 133 E. Colorado Avenue New Sheridan Hotel One of the oldest commercial buildings, 5SM.1828 Warehouse Supporting Contributing (rear) Colorado Suites good integrity

Honga’s Lotus Petal 5SM.1544 133-137 E. Colorado Avenue Roma Bar Contributing Contributing Restaurant

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Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Telluride Lodge No. 56 A. Telluride Lodge No. 56 A. F. & 5SM.1549 200 E. Colorado Avenue F. & A. M. / Timberline Ace Contributing Contributing A.M. Hardware Building Hudson and Peters’ Saloon, Telluride Music Company 5SM.1545 201 E. Colorado Avenue Sheridan Saloon, Sheridan Pool Contributing Contributing Building Hall

5SM.1548 206 E. Colorado Avenue San Juan House Building New San Juan Building Supporting Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1998

Andrews Real Estate Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1546 215 E. Colorado Avenue Unknown Building, Hell Bent Leather Without Without and Silver Building Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing 5SM.1547 238 E. Colorado Avenue N/A Bank of Telluride Building Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1994 Qualifications

Relay House, Batchelder House, Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1813 601 E. Colorado Avenue Rosner / Libke House Outside NHLD Boundaries Gore House With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1814 625 E. Colorado Avenue Leino House Cook House Outside NHLD Boundaries With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1829 627 E. Colorado Avenue Unknown Decastro House Without Without Outside NHLD Boundaries Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing Van Atta Dry Goods and 5SM.1541 103 W. Colorado Avenue Floradora Saloon Without Without Clothing, Bank of Telluride Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1540 109 W. Colorado Avenue Bank of Telluride Building Bank of Telluride Building Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #102 5SM.1540 109 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Without Without After 1913 Qualifications Qualifications 129 / 131 W. Colorado 5SM.1539 Mahr Building Mahr Building Contributing Contributing Avenue 133-137 W. Colorado McCormick-Davis Block (burned 5SM.1538 Emporium Building Contributing Non-Designated Burned - New Structure 1991 Avenue in 1990) San Juan Hardware Company Building, Tompkins Hardware 5SM.1554 200 W. Colorado Avenue Company Building, Tompkins- Excelsior Cafe Building Contributing Contributing Cristy Hardware Company Building First National Bank First National Bank of Telluride 5SM.1537 201 W. Colorado Avenue Building, Nugget Theater Contributing Contributing Building Building

Azadi Fine Rugs Building Noncontributing Noncontributing Many facade, window and storefront 5SM.1536 217 W. Colorado Avenue and Gallerie Framing Without With Qualifications changes Building Qualifications

2 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

210-216 W. Colorado H. E. Herbert Livery Building et. 5SM.1555 Zia Sun Building Contributing Contributing Avenue al. 220-224 W. Colorado 5SM.1556 Pekkarine Building Pekkarine Building Contributing Contributing Avenue

Steaming Bean Coffee 5SM.1535 221 W. Colorado Avenue Phoenix Market Contributing Contributing Company Building Emilio’s Grill and Bar 228/230 W. Colorado Noncontributing 5SM.1557 Unknown Building, Bounty Hunter Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1972 Avenue With Qualifications Building

231-235 W. Colorado 5SM.1534 New Sheridan Hotel New Sheridan Hotel Contributing Contributing Avenue

5SM.1558 232 W. Colorado Avenue Examiner Building Trec Building Supporting Supporting

Painter Building, Telluride Painter Building, Sunshine 5SM.1559 236 W. Colorado Avenue Contributing Supporting Large visible addition Journal Building Pharmacy Building

Galloping Goose (a Rio Galloping Goose (a Rio Grande 305 W. Colorado Avenue Grande Southern narrow Noncontributing Not a structure but has historical 5SM.1604 Southern narrow gauge railroad Non-Designated (Galloping Goose) gauge railroad car, with a With Qualifications significance to Telluride car, with a truck engine front.) truck engine front.) San Miguel County 5SM.1605 305 W. Colorado Ave. San Miguel County Courthouse Contributing Contributing Courthouse Chestnut Enterprises 5SM.1560 320 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Supporting Supporting House Tomboy Gold Mines Company 5SM.1561 324 W. Colorado Avenue Telluride Realty Building Contributing Contributing Office Building Secondary THAS #173 5SM.1561 324 W. Colorado Avenue Contributing Contributing Residence THAS #81 5SM.1603 335 W. Colorado Avenue Barn / Garage Contributing Contributing Shute Store, Bever Grocery Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1603 335 W. Colorado Avenue Store, Gustafson and Co. SMC Building Without Without Grocery Store Qualifications Qualifications THAS #80 5SM.1603 335 W. Colorado Avenue Barn / Garage Contributing Contributing 403 W. Colorado Avenue Johnstone House, Johnstone 5SM.1602A Herrick House Supporting Supporting /103-117 N Aspen Rooming House 5SM.1601 411 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown McClure House Contributing Contributing 5SM.1600 417 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Cusack House Contributing Contributing Secondary THAS #51 5SM.1600 417 W. Colorado Avenue Contributing Contributing Residence 5SM.1562 420 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Bocchini House Contributing Supporting moved to site, minimal changes 5SM.1563 424 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Bocchini House Supporting Supporting 5SM.1599 425 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Dalton Brothers House Supporting Supporting

3 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #50 5SM.1599 425 W. Colorado Avenue Garage Without Without Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1598 427 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Dalton Brothers House Supporting Contributing min. visible addition, good integrity Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #49 5SM.1598 427 W. Colorado Avenue Garage / Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1564 430 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Miller House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1565 432 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Cohen Family Trust House Contributing Contributing 432 and 436 W. Colorado THAS #208 5SM.1565 Shed Contributing Contributing Avenue 432 and 436 W. Colorado THAS #210 5SM.1565 Garage Contributing Contributing Avenue 5SM.1597 433 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Massa House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Secondary Noncontributing Not of the period of significance, major THAS #48 5SM.1597 433 W. Colorado Avenue Without Residence With Qualifications renovations Qualifications

5SM.1566 436 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Taylor House Contributing Contributing 5SM.1596 437 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Cohen House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing THAS #47 5SM.1596 437 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Contributing good integrity With Qualifications

5SM.1567 440 W. Colorado Avenue Floaten House, Alpine Hotel Healey House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1595 445 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Greene House Supporting Supporting Secondary THAS #46 5SM.1595 445 W. Colorado Avenue Residence / Contributing Contributing Barn Noncontributing 5SM.1594 449 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Stone / Hayes House Without Supporting min. addition Qualifications Noncontributing THAS #45 5SM.1594 449 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Supporting repositioned on site With Qualifications

5SM.1593 453 W. Colorado Avenue Lomax House Byrne House Contributing Supporting Secondary THAS #44 5SM.1593 453 W. Colorado Avenue Contributing Supporting Residence 5SM.1592 457 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Kirkhoff House Supporting Contributing THAS #43 5SM.1592 457 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Supporting Supporting 5SM.1568 460 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Debivort House Contributing Contributing THAS #204 5SM.1568 460 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

4 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing THAS #205 5SM.1568 460 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Without Contributing Qualifications 5SM.1591 465 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Dalton Brothers House Supporting Supporting compatible rear addition Noncontributing Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #42 5SM.1591 465 W. Colorado Avenue Garage Contributing With Qualifications NCWO 5SM.1569 470 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown PBC 1996 Trust House Supporting Supporting 5SM.1590 473 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Metzger House Supporting Contributing min. rear addition - bay window Secondary Residence constructed in THAS #38 5SM.1590 473 W. Colorado Avenue Barn Contributing Contributing 1986 5SM.1589 479 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Woehle House Supporting Supporting

THAS #37 5SM.1589 479 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Contributing Non-Designated Structure replaced in 1970's

5SM.1570 504 W. Colorado Avenue Wunderlich House Timms House Supporting Supporting Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1571 508 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Favier House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Fruen Properties LLC 5SM.1572 512 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Supporting Supporting rear addition House Noncontributing THAS #198 5SM.1572 512 W. Colorado Avenue Garage Without Supporting Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing Large visible addition, major front facade 5SM.1588 517 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Schroedl House With Qualifications With Qualifications changes.

5SM.1573 526 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Johnson House Supporting Supporting

THA S# 197 5SM.1573 526 1/2 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Johnson House Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing 5SM.1574 532 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Myers House Supporting With Qualifications

5SM.1587 537 W. Colorado Avenue Shoemaker House Brown House Contributing Contributing

San Miguel County Noncontributing 5SM.1575 538 W. Colorado Avenue N/A Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1999 Daycare Preschool Building With Qualifications

THAS #194 5SM.1575 538 W. Colorado Avenue Garage / Shed Contributing Contributing 5SM.1586 541 W. Colorado Avenue Shoemaker House Costakis House Contributing Contributing THAS #25 5SM.1586 541 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Supporting Contributing Strong contributing resource

THAS #26 5SM.1586 541 W. Colorado Avenue Garage Supporting Contributing Strong contributing resource Leeds Telluride Properties 5SM.1576 548 W. Colorado Avenue Dr. Nordlund’s Hospital Supporting Supporting House Garage / Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #193 5SM1576 548 W. Colorado Avenue Secondary Supporting Supporting NCWO Residence

5 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

5SM.1585 551 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Jamail Davis House Supporting Contributing Poor condition but intact

5SM.1577 552 W. Colorado Avenue Backman House, Ranta House Ranta House Supporting Contributing Strong historic association Secondary THAS #191 5SM.1577 552 W. Colorado Avenue Supporting Supporting Residence Visible addition - wider than existing 5SM.1584 553 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Frankmann House Contributing Contributing house THAS #28 5SM.1584 553 W. Colorado Avenue Shed No Listing Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1995

5SM.1583 557 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Beckman House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1578 560 W. Colorado Avenue Kortes House Kortes House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1582 563 W. Colorado Avenue Wilson House Triple J of Telluride House Supporting Supporting Noncontributing Secondary THAS #31 5SM.1582 563 W. Colorado Avenue Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1995 Residence Qualifications 5SM.1581 569 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Schmeltz House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing THAS #32 5SM.1581 569 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Without Contributing Qualifications 5SM.1580 571 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Schmeltz House Contributing Contributing

Barn / Carriage THAS #36 5SM.1580 571 W. Colorado Avenue Supporting Contributing no additions, minor alterations House

5SM.1579 575 W. Colorado Avenue Unknown Perpar Residence Supporting Supporting

THAS #35 5SM.1579 575 W. Colorado Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1832 112 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Waring / Gusciora House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 114 (116) E. Columbia 5SM.1762 Unknown Boody House Without Without Avenue Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing 114 (116) E. Columbia THAS #103 5SM.1762 Garage Without Without Avenue Qualifications Qualifications good example of a 4 square residence - 5SM.1763 123 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Sante House Supporting Contributing good integrity

5SM.1833 127 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Vincent House Contributing Supporting Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #105 5SM.1833 127 E. Columbia Avenue Dwelling / Barn Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

6 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

128 E. Columbia Avenue Noncontributing Moved to site, rotated 90 degrees, large 5SM.1764 (previously recorded as 135 Unknown Boukouzis House Contributing Without addition N. Spruce Street) Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1845 210 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Ricciardelli House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing 5SM.1785 220 E. Columbia Avenue Mitchell House Halle House Without Supporting Qualifications 5SM.1782 223 E. Columbia Avenue Pugh House, Vigars House McTigue House Supporting Supporting Noncontributing Built after 1913, major modifications THAS #127 5SM.1782 223 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Supporting Without Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 Qualifications NCWO

5SM.1783 229 E. Columbia Avenue Munchiando House Scott House Contributing Contributing THAS #128 5SM.1783 229 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing 235 E. Columbia LLC 5SM.1784 235 E. Columbia Avenue Armstrong House Contributing Contributing House 5SM.1795 309 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown McCoy House Supporting Contributing Corrective Restoration, no additions

Well executed additions - preserves 5SM.1796 317 E. Columbia Avenue Balliger House Cieciuch House Supporting Contributing integrity

5SM.1797 323 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Paris House Supporting Supporting Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #136 5SM.1797 323 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing 5SM.1800 326 E. Columbia Avenue N/A Betts House Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1998 Qualifications

5SM.1798 329 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Page House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1799 337 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown McGovern / Paine House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1803 405 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Measer House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1804 415 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Peters House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Reasonably compatible additions, slightly 5SM.1805 421 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Prager House Contributing Supporting higher than existing roof ridge. THAS #141 5SM.1805 421 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Contributing Supporting Excellent integrity

5SM.1806 423 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Greene House Contributing Contributing

7 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing THAS #142 5SM.1806 423 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Without Contributing Excellent integrity Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1807 503 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Justis House With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1808 509 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Zott House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1809 513 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown RG Family Trust House Without additions and alterations reduce integrity With Qualifications Qualifications

Tejada-Flores / Waidhofer Noncontributing 5SM.1810 609 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2009 House With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1811 710 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Larose House Without Without Outside NHLD Boundaries Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1812 801 E. Columbia Avenue Unknown Winter House Outside NHLD Boundaries With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #212 5SM.1812 801 E. Columbia Avenue Shed Outside NHLD Boundaries With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Outside NHLD Boundaries, new sliding THAS #158 5SM.3394 950 E. Columbia Avenue Garage Contributing With Qualifications glass doors, windows and siding

950 E. Columbia Avenue (moved from 116 W. Pacific Noncontributing Outside NHLD Boundaries, new doors, 5SM.3394 “Female Boardinghouse” Lichter House Contributing Ave. where it was previously With Qualifications windows and exposed basement recorded under 5SM.1618)

Western Federation of Miners Western Federation of 5SM.1756 107 W. Columbia Avenue Contributing Contributing Hospital Miners Hospital Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1834 116 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Columbia LLC Building Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Telluride School, Telluride Town 5SM.1748 135 W. Columbia Avenue Telluride Town Hall Contributing Contributing Hall 5SM.1704 320 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Specker House Contributing Contributing 330 West Columbia LLC 5SM.1705 330 W. Columbia Avenue deLannoy House Supporting Contributing no additions or adverse alterations House THAS #79 5SM.1705 330 W. Columbia Avenue Garage / Barn Supporting Supporitng retains high level of integrity

8 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Assoc. with LL Nunn, many alterations 5SM.1708 409 W. Columbia Avenue Nunn House Friedman House Without Supporting and additions Qualifications Nunn Club House, Telluride 5SM.1743 427 W. Columbia Avenue Institute House, Cornell House, Barnhill House Contributing Contributing Pinhead House Secondary Noncontributing Demo'ed in 1980's - New Construction THAS #53 5SM.1743 427½ W. Columbia Avenue Residence / Without Non-Designated 2003 Garage Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing Large visible addition, major front facade 5SM.1742 439/439½ W. Columbia Ave. Unknown Thomas House Without With Qualifications changes. Basement/garage addition Qualifications

Telluride Elementary 5SM.1741 447 W. Columbia Avenue Telluride School Contributing Contributing School

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1716 460 W. Columbia Avenue N/A Middle House LLC House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Well executed addition and alterations, 5SM.1717 466 W. Columbia Avenue Barber House Evans House Contributing Supporting some loss of integrity Noncontributing 5SM.1719 470/472 W. Columbia Ave. N/A EJT House Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2006 Qualifications

Designation changed in 1994 from 1987 THAS #15 5SM.1735 501 W. Columbia Avenue Garage Supporting Supporting NCW

Noncontributing 5SM.1735 501 W. Columbia Avenue Gray House Gould House Without Supporting Modest modifications Qualifications compatible subservient rear addition, not 5SM.1734 505 W. Columbia Avenue Spencer House Arguelles House Contributing Supporting visible from street Secondary THAS #14 5SM.1734 505 W. Columbia Avenue Supporting Supporting Residence

5SM.1733 513 W. Columbia Avenue Weller House Miller House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing Secondary THAS #13 5SM.1733 513 W. Columbia Avenue Without Without Residence Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Garage / THAS #20 5SM.1720 518 W. Columbia Avenue Without Contributing Carport Qualifications

5SM.1720 518 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Hendricks House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing 5SM.1836 521½ W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Jessepeter House Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1980's Qualifications

9 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing 5SM.1721 522 W. Columbia Avenue N/A Rolfs House Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2008 With Qualifications

THAS #21 5SM.1721 522 W. Columbia Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

5SM.1722 528 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Loo House Supporting Contributing compatible modest addition

Secondary THAS #22 5SM.1722 528 W. Columbia Avenue Supporting Contributing Residence

5SM.1732 533 W. Columbia Avenue Kinikin House Johnson House Supporting Contributing no additions, metal siding prior to 1986

Noncontributing Noncontributing New porch and dormers, side gable 5SM.1723 536 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Sims House Without Without addition Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #24 5SM.1723 536 W. Columbia Avenue Shed Without With Qualifications Qualifications

THAS #10 5SM.1731 539 W. Columbia Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

5SM.1731 539 W. Columbia Avenue Hanson House Johnson House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1724 542 W. Columbia Avenue Miller House Kat Mak M LLC House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Moved in 1941, well executed alterations 5SM.1730 545 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Abelow House Without Supporting and additions Qualifications THAS #5 5SM.1730 545 W. Columbia Avenue Garage Contributing Contributing

Secondary Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #6 5SM.1730 545 W. Columbia Avenue Supporting Supporting Residence NCW

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1725 546 W. Columbia Avenue Cappis House Miller House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1726 552 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Olson House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #27 5SM.1726 552 W. Columbia Avenue Barn Without With Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing Secondary THAS #8 5SM.1729 555 W. Columbia Avenue Without Without Residence Qualifications Qualifications

10 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1729 555 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Barth House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1727 560 W. Columbia Avenue Unknown Tellprop LLC Supporting Contributing

Garage / Shed Noncontributing THAS #30 5SM.1727 560 W. Columbia Avenue / Secondary Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - 2012 Residence Qualifications

5SM.1728 566 W. Columbia Avenue Johnson House Low House Contributing Contributing

Secondary THAS #34 5SM.1728 566 W. Columbia Avenue Contributing Contributing Residence

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1830 111 N. Columbine Street Unknown Wright House Without Without Outside NHLD Boundaries Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing 5SM.1746 107 (119) N. Fir Street Byers’ Photography Studio Ranta Shop Building Supporting Visible incompatible addition. With Qualifications

Mountain States Telephone and Randy’s Telluride Legacy 5SM.1747 120 N. Fir Street Supporting Supporting Telegraph Building LLC Building Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #99 5SM.1747 120 N. Fir Street Garage Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1745 131 N. Fir Street Jarvis House The Cornerhouse Grille Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing San Miguel Valley Corp. 5SM.1744 211 N. Fir Street Painter House Without Without House Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1755 222 N. Fir Street Rieck House Hess House Supporting Supporting

enclosed front porch, asbestos siding, 5SM.1754 236 N. Fir Street Unknown Patterson House Supporting Contributing sense of time and place intact.

THAS #96 5SM.1754 236 N. Fir Street Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Porch and siding alterations, basic form 5SM.1846 226 (228) N. Fir Street Unknown Case House Without Supporting intact. Qualifications Secondary Property enhanced with historic THAS #98 5SM.1846 226 (228) N. Fir Street Building Contributing Supporting secondary structure. “Manitou Inn” Noncontributing Noncontributing Large addition, alterations to front facade, 5SM.1753 314 N. Fir Street Unknown Dempsey House Without With Qualifications enclosed porch Qualifications

11 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

5SM.1751 322/326 N. Fir Street Nurses’ House Engbring House Contributing Supporting

THAS #90 5SM.1751 322/326 N. Fir Street Garage Contributing Supporting

5SM.1624 127 S. Fir Street Hardware Warehouse Building Baked In Telluride Building Contributing Non-Designated Fire - New Construction 2011

Telluride Transfer Telluride Transfer Company 5SM.1623 201-235 S. Fir Street Company Grain Contributing Contributing Grain Warehouse Building Warehouse Building

5SM.1621 208 S. Fir Street Unknown Mindling House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #156 5SM.1621 208 S. Fir Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1622 214 S. Fir Street Unknown Mindling House With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #155 5SM.1622 214 S. Fir Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing 5SM.1760 111 E. Galena Avenue N/A Hope House Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2009 With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1771 121 E. Galena Avenue Unknown Whiteman House Without With Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1816 231 E. Galena Avenue Dennis House Stearns House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1815 239 E. Galena Avenue Unknown Mayer House Without With Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing large window, gable dormer addition, 5SM.1818 239½ E. Galena Avenue Unknown Mayer House Without Supporting sufficient integrity remains Qualifications 5SM.1759 115 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Mitchell / Serviss House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1750 215 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Allred Capital LLP House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1847 319 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Borsecnik / Weil House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1711 335 W. Galena Avenue Hooper House Millie Holdings LLC House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1696 345 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Temple House With Qualifications With Qualifications

12 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

400 Block W. Galena 5SM.1850 Unknown Ed’s Shed Contributing Contributing Avenue

Galena’s Edge Telluride 5SM.1848 447 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Supporting Supporting LLC House

5SM.1849 451 W. Galena Avenue Hogg House Smith House Contributing Contributing

THAS #56 5SM.1849 451 W. Galena Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing 5SM.1738 503/507 W. Galena Avenue Waite House Miller House Supporting Supporting Outside NHLD Boundaries

THAS #1 5SM.1738 503/507 W. Galena Avenue Shed Complex Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing Cottage Properties LLC 5SM.1739 512 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Without Without House Qualifications Qualifications Moved from within district (Camel Garden 5SM.3395 520 W. Galena Avenue Larson House 520 W. Galena LLC Contributing Supporting Site) 1995 / 97 Moved from within district (Camel Garden THAS #165 5SM.3395 520 W. Galena Avenue Shed Contributing Supporting Site) 1995 / 97 Noncontributing Noncontributing Designation changed in 2009 from 1987 5SM.1740 536 W. Galena Avenue Unknown Hemann House With Qualifications With Qualifications Supporting

Otto Anderson's Museum & Rock Secondary Noncontributing 5SM1740 536 W. Galena Avenue Supporting Shop - moved from 565 w Pacific Residence With Qualifications THAS#9 Noncontributing 5SM.1851 537 W. Galena Avenue N/A Teater House Without Non-Designated New Construction 2005 Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1826 542 W. Galena Avenue Pera House Lopez / Landau House Outside NHLD Boundaries With Qualifications With Qualifications

5SM.1824 101 E. Gregory Avenue Unknown Nelson House Contributing Contributing

Secondary THAS #91 5SM.1824 101 E. Gregory Avenue Contributing Contributing Residence 5SM.1823 109 E. Gregory Avenue Unknown Nelson House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing THAS #113 5SM.1823 109 E. Gregory Avenue Shed Without Contributing shed enhances integrity of setting Qualifications THAS #89 N/A 116 E. Gregory Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing 5SM.1822 119 E. Gregory Avenue N/A Hickcox House Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2003 With Qualifications

13 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #114 5SM.1822 119 E. Gregory Avenue Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1825 129 W. Gregory Avenue Unknown Paak House Contributing Contributing

Miners’ Hospital, Dr. Hall’s Hospital, Hadley Hospital, Telluride Historical 5SM.1749 201 W. Gregory Avenue Contributing Contributing American Legion Hospital, Museum Community Hospital Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #88 5SM.1749 201 W. Gregory Avenue Shed Supporting Contributing NCW Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #94 213 W. Gregory Avenue Unknown EMCO Properties LLC Shed Without Without Moved from 325 N Pine St. Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1821 131 (139) W. Gregory Ave. Unknown Hanson House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Sheridan Opera House, high level of integrity, historical 5SM.1827 110 N. Oak Street Sheridan Opera House Supporting Contributing Segerberg Opera House associations

5SM.1703 122 N. Oak Street Phillips House, Brickson House Croke House Contributing Contributing

THAS #82 5SM.1703 122 N. Oak Street Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Some alterations, neo-Victorian 5SM.1679 123 N. Oak Street Unknown Pugh House Supporting With Qualifications appearance

THAS #78 5SM.1679 123 N. Oak Street Barn Contributing Contributing One of the best preserved barns

5SM.1680 127 N. Oak Street Unknown KM Telluride Trust House Contributing Contributing

Secondary good adaptive use, integrity of time and THAS #77 5SM.1680 127 N. Oak Street Residence / Supporting Contributing place Garage

5SM.1702 134 N. Oak Street First Methodist Episcopal Church Oak Street Inn Supporting Supporting

5SM.1681 135 N. Oak Street Unknown Wilcox Trust House Supporting Supporting

THAS #75 5SM.1681 135 N. Oak Street Garage Contributing Supporting THAS #76 5SM.1681 135 N. Oak Street Shed Contributing Supporting

5SM.1701 202 N. Oak Street Unknown Manning House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1682 207 N. Oak Street Davis House, Waggoner House Reichel House Contributing Contributing

THAS #71 5SM.1682 207 N. Oak Street Shed Contributing Contributing THAS #74 5SM.1682 207 N. Oak Street Barn / Garage Contributing Contributing

14 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

5SM.1700 212 N. Oak Street Unknown Manley House Supporting Contributing

5SM.1699 220 N. Oak Street McKown House, McHenry House McCarthy House Contributing Contributing Large Addition

THAS #85 5SM.1699 220 N. Oak Street Shed Contributing Contributing

No alterations or additions, assoc. with LL 5SM.1683 221 N. Oak Street Unknown 221 Oak Street LLC House Supporting Contributing Nunn Secondary THAS #70 5SM.1683 221 N. Oak Street Contributing Contributing Residence Noncontributing Assoc. with George Mott, alterations to 5SM.1698 226 N. Oak Street Elliott House, Mott House Fandel House Without Supporting entry, added dormers, new secondary Qualifications structure. Large Addition, with connector, some 5SM.1684 231 N. Oak Street Unknown 231 Oak Street LLC House Contributing Supporting diminishing of integrity.

234 N. Oak Street LLC 5SM.1697 234 N. Oak Street Olson House Contributing Contributing House

A and P Telluride LLC 5SM.1685 235 N. Oak Street Unknown Contributing Contributing House

THAS #68 5SM.1685 235 N. Oak Street Garage Contributing Contributing

5SM.1686 301 N. Oak Street Unknown Gluckstern House Contributing Supporting large compatible addition on corner lot

Noncontributing Noncontributing Large addition - visible above ridge of 5SM.1687 309 N. Oak Street Unknown Brooks House Without With Qualifications existing house, non-compatible windows. Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #65 5SM.1687 309 N. Oak Street Shed Without With Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1695 316 N. Oak Street Sleeper House, Lehmann House Kirk / Landry House Contributing Contributing

317 N. Oak Street LLC Noncontributing 5SM.1688 317 N. Oak Street N/A Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1999 House With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #63 5SM.1688 317 N. Oak Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications THAS #62 5SM.1689 323 N. Oak Street Shed Supporting Supporting

Large Addition visible above ridge line of 5SM.1689 323 N. Oak Street Unknown Thornton House Contributing Supporting existing residence, compatible materials

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1690 327 N. Oak Street Unknown Digiacomo House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

15 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1691 333 (335) N. Oak Street Unknown Tishman House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

THAS #61 5SM.1691 333 (335) N. Oak Street Barn Contributing Contributing

5SM.1694 336 N. Oak Street Edwards House Tishman House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1692 343 N. Oak Street Unknown Tomlinson / Wolf House Contributing Contributing

Secondary THAS #86 5SM.1692 343 N. Oak Street Contributing Contributing Residence Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1693 350 (400) N. Oak Street Unknown Kees / Bonner House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Barn / Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #87 5SM.1693 350 (400) N. Oak Street Secondary Without Without Residence Qualifications Qualifications

Dahl House, Fat Alley 5SM.1639 122 S. Oak Street Dahl House Contributing Contributing Bourbon, Beer & BBQ

large rear addition - some loss of integrity 5SM.1640 123 S. Oak Street Unknown Bluepoint Grill Building Supporting Supporting but sense of time and place remains.

THAS #171 5SM.1640 123 S. Oak Street Garage Contributing Supporting

Noncontributing 5995 Realty Corp / EAT- 5SM.1837 127 S. Oak Street N/A Without Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2007 0901 LLC Building Qualifications Twin Bricks Professional 5SM.1638 128 S. Oak Street Davis House Contributing Supporting Some loss of integrity with connector. Building

Community Banks of Noncontributing Highly visible, very large addition in 2001, 5SM.1641 133 S. Oak Street Unknown Supporting Colorado Building With Qualifications corner lot

THAS #169 5SM.1641 133 S. Oak Street Shed Contributing Contributing

5SM.1626 200 S. Oak Street Unknown Gray House Supporting Supporting

205 S. Oak Street / 306 W 5SM.1637A Unknown China Rose Building Contributing Supporting Large visible addition. Pacific

Noncontributing Designation changed in 1998 from 1987 Alpine Lodging and Real 5SM.1627 210 S. Oak Street Unknown Supporting Without NCW. Large visible addition and facade Estate Building Qualifications changes in 2004

211 S. Oak Street Noncontributing 5SM.1636 211 S. Oak Street Unknown Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2003 Residences Building With Qualifications

16 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #168 5SM.1636 211 S. Oak Street Garage Supporting Non-Designated NCWO - Demolished 2003 THAS #176 5SM.1636 211 S. Oak Street Shed Contributing Contributing

221 S. Oak Street A Bistro large rear addition but retains integrity of 5SM.1635 221 S. Oak Street Unknown Contributing Supporting Building time and place.

THAS #177 5SM.1635 221 S. Oak Street Shed Contributing Supporting

THAS #178 5SM.1635 221 S. Oak Street Shed Supporting Supporting

Oak Street Investments Noncontributing Noncontributing After 1922. Large rear addition visible 5SM.1628 222 S. Oak Street Unknown LLC House With Qualifications With Qualifications above existing ridge.

Secondary THAS #161 5SM.1628 222 S. Oak Street Contributing Contributing Residence

5SM.1634 225 S. Oak Street Unknown Peaks Real Estate Building Contributing Contributing

Addition that is minimally visible from 5SM.1629 228/230 S. Oak Street Unknown Watenpaugh House Contributing Contributing street. THAS #166 5SM.1629 230 S. Oak Street Shed Supporting Contributing Well executed addition below existing 5SM.1633 233 S. Oak Street Unknown Madorsky House Contributing Supporting ridge line and compatible materials. #179 Demo'ed -date unknown Noncontributing Noncontributing Merchandise Warehouse, Paragon Ski & Sport 5SM.1855 236 S. Oak Street Without Without Grocery Warehouse Building Qualifications Qualifications

The Telluride Properties Noncontributing 5SM.1632 237 S. Oak Street Unknown Non-Designated New Construction 2002 Building With Qualifications

5SM.1619 113 E. Pacific Avenue Unknown Stephens House Supporting Supporting

White House / Toland 5SM.1614 121 E. Pacific Avenue Female Boardinghouse Contributing Contributing House

5SM.1613 123 E. Pacific Avenue Female Boardinghouse Chism House Contributing Contributing

Senate Liquor Cache, “The 5SM.1844 121½ E. Pacific Avenue Toland House Contributing Contributing Madame’s House

5SM.1612 125/127 E. Pacific Avenue Female Boardinghouse Sheridan House Contributing Contributing

Telluride Transfer Company Telluride Transfer 5SM.1620 200 W. Pacific Avenue Contributing Contributing Building Company Building

17 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

The Beauty Parlor / Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1625 227 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Mariposa Medical Spa With Qualifications With Qualifications Building

Hampton Court Townhouse 2002 large addition with connector, 5SM.1642 316 /320 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Contributing Supporting Condominiums reasonably well executed.

West Pacific Partners 5SM.1647 406 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Contributing Contributing House

THAS #181 5SM.1647 406 W. Pacific Avenue Barn Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1842 415 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Robbins House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1648 416 W. Pacific Avenue Finn Town Flats Finn Town Flats Contributing Contributing

5SM.1649 420 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Hopkins House Contributing Supporting modest subservient addition

THAS #182 5SM.1649 420 W. Pacific Avenue Shed Contributing Supporting minor alterations - not readily apparent

5SM.1650 424 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Hopkins House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1677 425 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown PBC 1996 Trust House With Qualifications With Qualifications

5SM.1651 428 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Barlow House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing 5SM.1652 430 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown 430 W. Pacific LLC House Without Supporting small addition, enclosed porch. Qualifications

Shepherd Johnson Inc. 5SM.1676 435 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Contributing Contributing House Noncontributing Noncontributing Secondary THAS #209 5SM.1676 435 W. Pacific Avenue Without Without Residence Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1653 440 W. Pacific Avenue Finn Hall Finn Hall Contributing Contributing

Modern front porch and shed rear Schiller House, Oklahoma 5SM.1675 441 W. Pacific Avenue Nonstandard Holdings LLC Contributing Supporting addition. New secondary structure Rooming House minimally diminish integrity of setting.

18 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

King Revocable Trust Noncontributing 5SM.1654 448 W. Pacific Avenue N/A Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 1998 House With Qualifications

5SM.1674 453 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown MacKown House Supporting Supporting

THAS #207 5SM.1674 453 W. Pacific Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1655 456 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Silversher House With Qualifications With Qualifications

5SM.1673 457 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Park House Contributing Contributing Designation changed in 1997 from 1987 THAS #206 5SM.1673 457 W. Pacific Avenue Shed Supporting Contributing NCWO

5SM.1656 464 (466) W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Pacstreet House Contributing Contributing

Secondary THAS #183 5SM.1656 464½ W. Pacific Avenue Contributing Contributing Residence Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1672 465 W. Pacific Avenue Swan House Toll House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Gayden Pacific 5SM.1671 469 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Contributing Contributing Shed#203 Demo'ed 2007 Investments LLC House

Elks Lodge / B. P. O. E. 5SM.1657 472 W. Pacific Avenue Swedish-Finn Temperance Hall Contributing Contributing No. 692 Building THAS #184 5SM.1657 472 W. Pacific Avenue Privy Contributing Contributing

Nicko Properties LLC Noncontributing 5SM.1841 501½ W. Pacific Avenue N/A Non-Designated Demo'ed - New Construction 2004 House With Qualifications

Noncontributing 5SM.1670 513 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Echnoz House Supporting With Qualifications

Secondary THAS #201 5SM.1670 513½ W. Pacific Avenue Contributing Supporting Residence

5SM.1669 517 W. Pacific Avenue Thompson House Caskey House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing Noncontributing Marlens Black 1997 Trust 5SM.1668 525 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Without Without House Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1667 529 W. Pacific Avenue Backman House Shuteran House Contributing Contributing

THAS #196 5SM.1667 529 W. Pacific Avenue Barn / Granary Contributing Contributing

19 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1839 533 W. Pacific Avenue Sand House Columbine Condominiums Without Without Qualifications Qualifications addition lower than existing ridge, 5SM.1659 540 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Berry House Supporting Supporting compatible materials THAS #185 5SM.1659 540 W. Pacific Avenue Shed Contributing Supporting 5SM.1666 547 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Capaldo House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1660 548 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Lagrone House Supporting Supporting

5SM.1661 558 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Cahill Services House Supporting Supporting

THAS #186 5SM.5623 560 W. Pacific Avenue Privy Contributing Supporting Moved from 558 W Pacific

Noncontributing Moved in 1999. and new secondary 5SM.5623 560 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Goldman House Without Supporting structure at rear result in some loss of Qualifications integrity of site Noncontributing 5SM.1665 565 W. Pacific Avenue N/A Bridal Veil Townhomes Without Non-Designated New Construction 1986 / 1995 Qualifications

2007 New structure at rear. Still retains 5SM1662 566 W Pacific Avenue Unknown Peters House Contributing Supporting high level of integrity.

Secondary 5SM1664 571 W. Pacific Avenue License Plate Building West Pacific Campus Supporting Supporting Residence

assoc. with Sackett family. Integrity West Pacific Campus LLC 5SM.1663 573 W. Pacific Avenue Sackett House Contributing Supporting restored with renovations back to House residential Secondary THAS #188 5SM.1663 573 1/2 W. Pacific Avenue Log Shed West Pacific Campus Contributing Supporting Residence Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1838 586 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Allen House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

Secondary THAS #187 5SM.1838 586 1/2 W. Pacific Avenue Contributing Supporting Residence

McCarthy / Geoghan 5SM.1645 400/402 W. Pacific Avenue Unknown Contributing Contributing House THAS #180 5SM.1645 400/402 W. Pacific Avenue Shed Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1854 401 E. Pandora Avenue Unknown Geldbaugh House Without Without Outside NHLD Boundaries Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1757 229 N. Pine Street Unknown Courtney House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

20 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

5SM.1758 235 N. Pine Street McCoy House, Waggoner House Shuteran House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing Bristow House, Freeman House, 5SM.1761 238 N. Pine Street Patterson House Without Without Maxwell House, Sheldon House Qualifications Qualifications THAS #108 5SM.1761 238 N. Pine Street Shed Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1853 395 N. Pine Street Unknown Lamb House Without Well executed additions. With Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1615 220 (228) S. Pine Street Pick and Gad Building Pick and Gad Building Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing 5SM.1616 221 S. Pine Street Unknown Dwelling Messier Property Non-Designated Demolished 1999 With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #153 5SM.1616 221 S. Pine Street Messier Property Shed Without Without Moved from 227 S Pine Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing 225 / 227(Vacant) S. Pine Merchandise Warehouse, Smugglers Brewery 5SM.1617 Without Supporting Adjacent Condos - Non-Designated Street Electrical Supply Warehouse Restaurant and Bar Qualifications

LaMarmotte Restaurant Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1678 150 W. San Juan Avenue Warehouse, Ice House Building Francais With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #163 5SM.1631 222 W. San Juan Avenue Shed With Qualifications With Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1631 222 San Juan Avenue Unknown Groman House Without With Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1765 121 N. Spruce Street Unknown Ring House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1766 122 / 122½ N. Spruce Street N/A Wakeland House With Qualifications With Qualifications

Noncontributing Noncontributing Renovations in the 1980's, still retains 5SM.1780 202 N. Spruce Street (front) Umsted House, Miller House Ferenbach House Without With Qualifications integrity of time and place. Qualifications

5SM.1781 202 N. Spruce Street (rear) Umsted House, Miller House Ferenbach House Contributing Contributing

5SM.1779 218 N. Spruce Street Wunderlich House Wunderlich House Supporting Supporting

THAS #125 5SM.1779 218 N. Spruce Street Shed Contributing Contributing

21 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Noncontributing THAS #126 5SM.1779 218 N. Spruce Street Garage Without Supporting Post 1922. Qualifications Pheasy House, Visintin House, 5SM.1778 226 N. Spruce Street Wunderlich House Supporting Contributing Wunderlich House THAS #124 5SM.1778 226 N. Spruce Street Barn Contributing Contributing

Smith House, Werry House, Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1767 227 N. Spruce Street Potter House Goldworthy House With Qualifications With Qualifications

THAS #106 5SM.1767 227 N. Spruce Street Shed Contributing Contributing

5SM.1768 229 N. Spruce Street Brown House Pripstien House Supporting Supporting

Noncontributing 5SM.1777 234 N. Spruce Street Miners’ Hospital Glenn House Without Non-Designated Destroyed by fire 2012 Qualifications

Martin House, Schindelmeyer 5SM.1769 235 N. Spruce Street Johnson House Contributing Contributing House

5SM.1770 301 N. Spruce Street St. Patrick’s Church St. Patrick’s Church Contributing Contributing

5SM.1776 302 N. Spruce Street Cronkleton House Smith House Contributing Contributing

Cronkleton House, Ruggles Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1775 310 N. Spruce Street Freidus House House With Qualifications With Qualifications

modest rear addition and bay window - 5SM.1772 319 N. Spruce Street Lilley House Mongan / Green House Contributing Supporting compatible materials. Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #111 5SM.1772 319 N. Spruce Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications Bayleaf Holdings LLC 5SM.1774 320 N. Spruce Street Taylor House, Wood House Contributing Contributing House Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1773 328 N. Spruce Street McNeil House Knickrehm House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications THAS #118 5SM.1773 328 N. Spruce Street Barn Contributing Contributing

5SM.1609 123/125 S. Spruce Street McPherson House, The Senate The Senate Building Contributing Contributing

THAS #151 5SM.1609 123/125 S. Spruce Street Barn / Shed Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1611 127 S. Spruce Street The Silver Bell Building The Silver Bell Building Without Without Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1608 134 S. Spruce Street Telluride Jail Telluride Jail Contributing Contributing

Good Times Society 5SM.1607 136 S. Spruce Street Unknown Contributing Contributing Building

22 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Denver and Rio Grande Southern Denver and Rio Grande 5SM.1658 300 S. Townsend Street Contributing Contributing Railroad Depot Southern Railroad Depot

5SM.1718 100 Block N. Townsend St. Unknown Cowart House Supporting Supporting Post 1913

Somerville Properties LLP 5SM.1835 129 N. Townsend Street Unknown Contributing Contributing Building

Noncontributing Noncontributing 227 (231) N. Townsend 5SM.1736 Swanson House Mcmanemin House Without Without Street Qualifications Qualifications

5SM.1737 237 N. Townsend Street Anderson House, Shane House Walker House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Realty Management Group Noncontributing 5SM.1840 114 S. Townsend Street Unknown Without Moved from 533 W Pacific LLC House With Qualifications Qualifications

Noncontributing Secondary Noncontributing THAS #195 5SM.1840 114 S. Townsend Street Without Residence With Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #202 5SM.1840 114 S. Townsend Street Garage / Shed Without With Qualifications Qualifications Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #11 5SM.1840 114 S. Townsend Street Shed Without Without Moved from 533 W Pacific Qualifications Qualifications

New glass doors, new roof structure and 5SM.1788 117 N. Willow Street Porterfield Building Old Stone LLC Building Contributing Supporting materials.

Noncontributing 5SM.1789 119 N. Willow Street N/A Kerr House Without Non-Designated Fire - New Construction 1988 Qualifications

5SM.1787 120 N. Willow Street Glenn House 120 N. Willow LLC House Supporting Supporting THAS #131 5SM.1787 120 N. Willow Street Shed Contributing Contributing

5SM.1790 131 N. Willow Street Rock House, Adams House Turpack House Contributing Contributing

Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1786 132 N. Willow Street Unknown Bradley House Without Without Qualifications Qualifications THAS #132 5SM.1786 132 N. Willow Street Garage Contributing Contributing 5SM.1794 208 N. Willow Street Unknown Kritikos House Contributing Contributing 5SM.1793 218 N. Willow Street McLellan House Pitts House Contributing Contributing THAS #137 5SM.1793 218 N. Willow Street Shed Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Very large addition to dwelling - badly 5SM.1791 225 N. Willow Street Calhoun House Smith House Contributing Without incompatible in - size, scale, height, Qualifications and placement

23 OF 24 2013 HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UPDATE SUMMARY SPREADSHEET TOWN OF TELLURIDE -10/29/13 TABLE 6 - EXHIBIT A

Secondary 1987 /1997 NHLD 2013 Proposed Site No. Address Historic Building Name Current Building Name Building Use / Notes THAS # Existing Rating NHLD Rating Function

Garage / Noncontributing Enlarged and substantial alterations in THAS #123 5SM.1791 225 N. Willow Street Secondary Supporting Without 2003. Designation changed in 1997 from Residence Qualifications 1987 NCWO 5SM.1792 234 N. Willow Street Obert House Plamondon House Contributing Contributing Noncontributing Noncontributing 5SM.1817 302 N. Willow Street Shaw House North Willow LLC House Without With Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1819 321 N. Willow Street Margowski House, Nardin House Smith House Contributing Contributing THAS #120 329 N. Willow Street Shed Contributing Contributing 321 Subdivided - Shed on 329 N Willow Noncontributing square-cut shingle siding, altered window Noncontributing 5SM.1820 335 N. Willow Street Burcaw House Willow Street LLC House Without openings, and an enclosed shed-roofed With Qualifications Qualifications front porch Noncontributing Noncontributing THAS #119 5SM.1820 335 N. Willow Street Shed Without Without Qualifications Qualifications 5SM.1606 100 Block S. Willow Street Barn Town of Telluride Barn Supporting Contributing No additions or adverse alterations THAS #153 Pearl Property / Highway 145 Shed Supporting Supporting Moved from 227 S Pine. No Survey Form SSM 1857 500 E. Colorado Calaboose Jail Contributing Contributing No Survey Form 5SM 1856 500 E. Colorado Unurh Building Nordic Ski Supporting Supporting No Survey Form

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