DOCSLIB.ORG

INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. These are also available as one exposure on a standard 35mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Universily Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order N u m b e r 8913641 Performance v results: A critique of values in contemporary- sport Gibson, John Howard, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1989 Copyright ©1989 by Gibson, John Howard. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PERFORMANCE v RESULTS: A CRITIQUE OF VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY SPORT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By John H, Gibson, B.Ed., M.S. * * * * The Ohio State University 1989 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Prof. Seymour Kleinman Prof. Melvin L. Adelman / ^ 7 Prof. Philip L. Smith Adviser "You've got no feeling for the game at all, man. You'll win, but it'll just be numbers on the scoreboard. Numbers, that's all you care about,.,.But that's not enough for me." Peter Gent, North Dallas Forty Copyright by J ohn H. Gibson 1 989 TO SUSAN AND RYAN & NOR MY MOTHER AND FATHER ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks to the members of my committee. I am grateful to Prof. Sy Kleinman for holding open the window in acedemia that allowed me to pursue my interests, and at the same time providing psychic shelter from the slings and arrows of outrageous and uncomprehending souls. I am grateful to Prof. Melvin L. Adelman for the hours he generously spent in working to correct my innumerable technical errors in the previous drafts of this document. Acknowledgment and enormous thanks are due to Prof. Philip Smith; acknowledgment as the philosophical father of much of this dissertation; and thanks for the friendship and strength which helped me to follow through on this task. Thanks also to my brothers in arms, Steve & Cheryl Estes, Bob Roth, and Dennis Latesse, who helped with draft reading and by being there. Cheers mates. VITA February 28, 1 956 ............ Born - London, England. 1977 ........................... B.Ed., St. Luke's College, [Exeter University], Devon, England. 1984-1985 ..................... Graduate Assistant, School HPERD, and Assistant Soccer Coach, Marshall University, Huntington, W.Va. 1985 ........................... M.S., School of HPERD, Marshall University, Huntington, W.Va. 1985-1988 ..................... Graduate Teaching Assistant, School of HPER, and Assistant Soccer Coach, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 1988-Present .................. Graduate Fellow, Assistant Soccer Coach, Department of Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. FIELD OF STUDY Sport Philosophy TABLE OP CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................... iii VITA .................................................. iv INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 CHAPTER PAGE ' I. THE PROBLEM OP VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY. 11 Ancient Greece Idealized ................. 12 The Enlightenment ......................... 13 The Being, Becoming, Doing and Having Ideal Cultural Types ........ 19 Prom Character to Personality........... 23 The Culture of Narcissism................ 26 The Monsters of Emot i v i s m................ 30 S u m m a r y .................................... 36 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OP CONTEMPORARY SPORT ....... 42 The Modernisation of Sport ............... 43 The Distinction Between Modernization and Commodification ........................... 50 The Marxist View of Commodified Sport ... 52 Marxist Sport; Rhetoric and Reality ..... 56 The Capitalist Commodification of Sport . 64 Contemporary Sport; Trivialized or Apotheosised? .............................. 74 S u m m a r y .................................... 78 III. THE CONSEQUENCES OP CONTEMPORARY VALUES FOR SPORT ........................................... 86 Winning as Excellence .................... 87 The Concepts of Play, Games, Sports and A thletics.................................. 92 Play; an Alternative V i e w ....... 98 An Escape Prom Keating; Winning is Not Necessarily Excellence ................... 103 Summary ............................... 106 v IV. CONTEMPORARY COMMUNITY: A WAY BACK? .......... 115 The Power of Nietzsche's Position ....... 115 The Pervasiveness of Nietzsche's Insight 119 The Misinterpitation of Nietzsche's Work 121 The Implications of Nietzsche's Position 122 MacIntyre's View: The Refutation of Nietzsche ................................. 124 The Practice .............................. 128 Institutions and Practices .............. 132 The Narrative Order of a Single Life .... 136 The Concept of a Tradition.............. 141 To Reject Aristotle and Retain MacIntyre's Social Framework ........... 143 S u m m a r y .................................... 1 45 V. POST MODERNITY: THE WAY F O R W A R D ............ 151 Habermas and Rorty ....................... 1 53 MacIntyre Minus Aristotle, Nietzsche With Comniunity: The Return to the Old Versus the Creation of the N e w .................. 158 S u m m a r y .................................... 165 VI.SPORT AS A FORM OF CONTEMPORARY COMMUNITY ... 168 The Horror of the Overman as Athlete .... 169 The Creative Possibility of the Overman as Athlete ................................ 172 Athlete as A r t i s t ......................... 180 Sport as a Practice ...................... 188 The Narrative Unity of a Single Life in Sport ...................................... 1 91 The Sport Tradition...................... 1 93 CONCLUSION .......................................... 1 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................ 206 vi INTRODUCTION This study examines the problem of values in contemporary sport, and offers an alternative conception of sport and its relationship to values. Today much of sport exists under a value system that recognizes the objectivity of the scoreboard as the only true assessment of worth, and denies the value of the subjective, experiential, and personal dimensions of sport. The concomitant emphasis on winning has come at the expense of the relationship of the athlete to his craft. This problem exists to a greater or lesser extent at all levels of sport, and can be detected from little leagues and intramurals to professional leagues and internationals. North Atlantic culture in general has an emphasis on "objectivity" which has had an effect on the development of its system of values. The result is that the powerful and rich tend to be viewed as inspirational personifications of the good, and often power is seen, in the most vulgar sense, as virtue. Graphic examples of this value system can sadly be found in European professional soccer. For example, Totenham Hotspurs, of London, England, met CF Barcelona, of Barcelona, Spain, in the semi-final of the 1982 European Cup Winners Cup. The second and deciding leg was played in Barcelona in front of a packed and hysterical crowd. The Spanish team won and the crowd was ecstatic with joy, "but the behaviour of the Barcelona players was so violent over both legs of the tie that UEFA fined the victorious Spanish team for bringing the game into disrepute. Barcelona went on to win the competition playing equally as disreputably in the final. The Barcelona supporters were delighted that their team had won a major European soccer trophy, but seemed incapable of seeing that the method by which the victory was achieved made it worthless. The great name of CF Barcelona, a club steeped in history and tradition, was discredited, along with the reputation of Spanish soccer as a whole, in the eyes of the rest of the soccer community. Moreover, the game of soccer itself was once again discredited in the eyes of the i community at large. This is an all to common example of the values of contemporary society. The victory is seen as being more important than the way in which it is achieved. Quality of performance is secondary to the result, and the values of the game are eclipsed by the cash value of winning. Previous works in sport philosophy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sport: a Theory of Adjudication
    SPORT: A THEORY OF ADJUDICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bogdan Ciomaga, M.A. The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor William Morgan, Adviser Professor Donald Hubin ________________________ Adviser Professor Sarah Fields Graduate Program in Education Copyright by Bogdan Ciomaga 2007 ABSTRACT The main issue discussed in this work is the nature and structure of the process of adjudication, that is, the process by which referees make decisions in sport that possess normative import and force. The current dominant theory of adjudication in sport philosophy is interpretivism, which argues that adjudication is not primarily a matter of mechanically applying the rules of the game, but rather of applying rational principles that put the game in its best light. Most interpretivists are also realists, which means that they hold that the normative standing of adjudicative principles is independent of the beliefs and/or arguments of individuals or communities. A closer look at certain examples of sports and referees decisions supports a different approach to adjudication, called conventionalism, which claims that besides the rules of the game, referees are bound to follow certain conventions established by the athletic community. This conclusion is supported, among other things, by considerations concerning the nature of sport, and especially considerations that take into account the mutual beliefs held by the participants in the game. By following Marmor’s argument that conventions are best seen not as solutions to coordination problems but as constitutive features of autonomous practices like sport, I argue that a conventionalist theory of adjudication in sport has more explanatory force than interpretivist theories.
    [Show full text]
  • A Philosophy of S(P)Orts a Review Essay on a Philosophy of Sport by Steven Connor
    A Philosophy of S(p)orts A review essay on A Philosophy of Sport by Steven Connor Kalle Jonasson Department of Sport Sciences, Malmö University Published on the Internet, www.idrottsforum.org/articles/jonasson/jonasson120509.html, (ISSN 1652–7224), 2012–05–09 Copyright © Kalle Jonasson 2012. All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. Above the door leading to the library at Christ’s Hospital School, a boarding school in West Sussex, near Horsham, is the inscription Turpe nescire, a Latin phrase meaning that it’s a disgrace to be ignorant. There’s no way of knowing what kind of impression this maxim has made on generations of students at that school since 1552, nor do we want to speculate on what young Steven Connor made of it when he came there at the age of eleven in 1966, to be expelled six years later for reasons unknown to us. In any event, after completing his schooling at the local comprehen- sive school in his hometown of Bognor Regis, Connor came to Wadham College, Oxford where he studied literature for, among others, Terry Eagleton. In 1980 he wrote his DPhil thesis on Prose Fantasy and Mythography. Later that year he was appointed lecturer at Birkbeck College, London, where he still works today, now as Professor in Modern Literature and Theory.
    [Show full text]
  • The Everyday Aesthetics of Sport Extended by Applying Traditional Art Aesthetics
    A new interpretation of sport derived from art-related aesthetics by Danny Shorkend submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Literature and Philosophy in the subject Art History at the University of South Africa Supervisor: Professor FJ Potgieter February 2016 1 Dedicated in loving memory of my father, David Shorkend 2 SUMMARY This thesis is concerned with understanding sport theory based on art theory. In so doing, in extending their relationship, a deeper appreciation of both may result. In turn, this may enhance our lives. While postmodern theories of art somewhat devalue the rarefied status of art, at the same time art’s openness is particularly well appointed to understanding other aesthetic domains. Scholarly attention to the so-called aesthetics of the everyday of which sport is an example, is a relatively recent paradigm shift that attempts to give philosophical weight to common, ordinary experiences as aesthetic. Art as the paradigm case of aesthetic experience is therefore useful in illuminating such experiences, one of which is sport. The results of this study are: Like art, sport idealises in its desire for perfection. Like art, sport is a second-order mimetic activity that is autonomous and reflects extra-aesthetic concerns. The implications of the postmodern language turn for art, namely detotalising and/or meaninglessness can be applied to sport. Drawing from Wittgenstein, art and sport are culturally embedded within institutional frameworks and quite simply are learnt ways of thinking and doing. Expressive theories of art were introduced which, it was found, has resonance with sport, as it can be similarly described as an expression of “aesthetic ideas”, to use Kant’s phrase.
    [Show full text]
  • Sporting Narratives and the Deliberation of Moral Questions
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2005 Playing With Stories: Sporting Narratives and the Deliberation of Moral Questions Matthew A. Masucci University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Masucci, Matthew A., "Playing With Stories: Sporting Narratives and the Deliberation of Moral Questions. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2005. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2228 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Matthew A. Masucci entitled "Playing With Stories: Sporting Narratives and the Deliberation of Moral Questions." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Education. Joy T. DeSensi, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Barbara Thayer-Bacon, Leslee Fisher, John Hardwig Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Matthew A. Masucci entitled "Playing With Stories: Sporting Narratives and the Deliberation of Moral Questions." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Education.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethics of Sport: a Reader
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research and Creative Activity Kinesiology, Sport & Recreation October 2001 The Ethics of Sport: A Reader Chad R. Carlson Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/kss_fac Part of the Kinesiology Commons Recommended Citation Carlson, Chad R., "The Ethics of Sport: A Reader" (2001). Faculty Research and Creative Activity. 9. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/kss_fac/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Kinesiology, Sport & Recreation at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research and Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REVIEW ESSAYS Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 2011, 38, 273-276 © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc. The Ethics of Sport: A Reader Edited by Mike McNamee. Published in 2010 by Routledge Press, London and New York. (xiv + 515 pp., notes and bibliography at ends of articles, index) ISBN 10: 0-415-47860-X (hbk); 10:0-415-47861-8 (pbk). Reviewed by Chad Carlson, Assistant Professor of Kinesiology, Penn State University, Altoona, PA ([email protected]) By publishing Sports Ethics: A Reader, Mike McNamee follows a path of thought-provoking anthologies on the topic his title indicates. Sport philosophers such as Parry and McNamee ( 1998); Morgan, Meier, and Schneider (200 I); Boxill (2003); Malloy, Ross, and Zakus (2003); and Morgan (2007) have compiled similar ethics-related scholarship in their collections. However, McNamee builds on this strong tradition and even raises the standard with his new anthology.
    [Show full text]
  • External Marginalization of Sport Philosophy
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Health and Human Development OVERCOMING MARGINALIZATION AND INSIGNIFICANCE: A PRAGMATIC CRITIQUE AND RECONSTRUCTION OF SPORT PHILOSOPHY A Thesis in Kinesiology by Timothy Laird Elcombe © 2005 Timothy L. Elcombe Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2005 The thesis of Timothy L. Elcombe was reviewed and approved* by the following: R. Scott Kretchmar Professor of Exercise and Sport Science Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Mark S. Dyreson Associate Professor of Kinesiology Douglas R. Hochstetler Assistant Professor of Kinesiology Douglas R. Anderson Associate Professor of Philosophy Vincent M. Colapietro Professor of Philosophy William J. Morgan Professor of Sport and Exercise Humanities/Cultural Studies The Ohio State University Special Member Philip E. Martin Professor of Kinesiology Head of the Department of Kinesiology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii ABSTRACT In the current cultural climate, philosophy is perceived by many as an irrelevant professional enterprise. Similarly, higher education’s twenty-first century economic mindset marginalizes the value of humanistic disciplines such as philosophy. Sport philosophers must deal with both of these social realities, as well as the fact that kinesiology departments increasingly devalue the study of sport. Sport philosophers are not merely victims, however. The field’s practitioners are also complicit in sport philosophy’s current marginalized and irrelevant status by employing limited critical methods, using impoverished tools for inquiry, and adopting misguided philosophical purposes. This project seeks to overcome the academic marginalization and lack of public voice that now plagues the field of sport philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Values of Sport and Bio-Technologized Sport
    philosophies Article Internal Values of Sport and Bio-Technologized Sport Matija Mato Škerbi´c Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Borongajska cesta 83d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 28 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: The aim of the paper is confronting internal or intrinsic values of sport detected by different sport-philosophers, such as W. J. Morgan, J. S. Russell, R. L. Simon, N. Dixon, S. Kretchmar, to today’s bio-technologized sports in order to find the ethical guidance for (non)acceptance of new bio-technologies in sport. Thus, in the first part, I will produce an overview of the internal values of sport in the sports-philosophical literature. In the second part, I will provide my understanding of ‘bio-technologized sports’, leaning mostly on W. J. Morgan’s and S. Loland’s previous work in this regard. In the third part, I will show that the key internal value of sport is ‘excellence’ and that the perfectionist account of sport dominates high-level professional competitive sports. However, I will show that ‘excellence’ is prone to different interpretations and understandings which (could) have different implications for the ‘bio-technologized sport’. Finally, I will propose going back to Aristotle and his account of eudaimonia to build principles for the regulation of (non)acceptance of bio-technology in sport. Keywords: internal values of sport; bio-technology; excellence; Aristotle; regulations 1. Introduction In the literature of the philosophy of sport, internal values of sport were debated from the late 1980s onward by many scholars, such as W.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Sport: Risk, Reconnaissance, and Self-Knowledge
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilPapers Published in Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, vol. 35, no. 1 (2008): 1-16 10.1080/00948705.2008.9714724 Remote Sport: Risk and Self-Knowledge in Wilder Spaces Leslie A. Howe ABSTRACT: Previous discussions on the value of sport in remote locations have concentrated on 1) environmental and process concerns, with the rejection of competition and goal-directed or use oriented activity, or 2) the value of risk and dangerous sport for self-affirmation. It is argued that the value of risk in remote sport is in self-knowledge rather than self-affirmation and that risk in remote sport, while enhancing certain kinds of experience, is not necessary. The value of remote sport is in offering the opportunity for experience that enhances the participants’ knowledge both of self and of the environment with which they interact. What benefit is to be obtained from doing sports in remote, wild, or natural environments rather than indoors or outdoors on fields or other playing surfaces deliberately constructed for the purpose and located within more or less urban environments? Why climb a frozen cliff-face rather than an indoor climbing-wall; why hike high windy hills, bug-infested forests, and muddy river valleys rather than pounding a treadmill, a familiar roadway, or a track oval? Why paddle a glacial stream or ocean fjord rather than flatwater lanes? Why ski or snowboard the backcountry rather than a resort with groomed slopes, lifts, and a spa? The
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Sport: Conceptions and Borderlines
    This is a peer-reviewed, post-print (final draft post-refereeing) version of the following published document, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00948705.2018.1454840 and is licensed under All Rights Reserved license: Piper, Steven (2018) Defining sport: conceptions and borderlines. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 45 (2). pp. 209-213. doi:10.1080/00948705.2018.1454840 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2018.1454840 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2018.1454840 EPrint URI: http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/id/eprint/5534 Disclaimer The University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. Book Review Defining Sport: Conceptions and Borderlines, edited by Shawn Klein, published by Lanham, Lexington Books, 2017, 278pp., £65 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1498511575 Shawn Klein states the dual aim of this book is to encourage scholars of all academic disciplines, new and old, to consider, amongst other things, the ‘…nature, importance, and qualities of sport and related activities…’.
    [Show full text]
  • Subversion and Collective Knowledge in the Ethos of Video Game Speedrunning
    Sport, Ethics and Philosophy ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsep20 Code is Law: Subversion and Collective Knowledge in the Ethos of Video Game Speedrunning Michael Hemmingsen To cite this article: Michael Hemmingsen (2020): Code is Law: Subversion and Collective Knowledge in the Ethos of Video Game Speedrunning, Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, DOI: 10.1080/17511321.2020.1796773 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1796773 Published online: 29 Jul 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsep20 SPORT, ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1796773 Code is Law: Subversion and Collective Knowledge in the Ethos of Video Game Speedrunning Michael Hemmingsen College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, USA ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Speedrunning is a kind of ‘metagame’ involving video games. Video games; speedrunning; Though it does not yet have the kind of profile of multiplayer e- subversion; collective sports, speedrunning is fast approaching e-sports in popularity. knowledge; metagame Aside from audience numbers, however, from the perspective of the philosophy of sport and games, speedrunning is particularly interesting. To the casual player or viewer, speedrunning appears to be a highly irreverent, even pointless, way of playing games, parti­ cularly due to the incorporation of “glitches”. For many outside the speedrunning community, the use of glitches appears to be cheat­ ing. For speedrunners, however, glitches are entirely within the bounds of acceptability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Authentic and Inauthentic Sport in the Hermeneutic and Phenomenological Perspectives
    Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 58 No 1 2018 THE AUTHENTIC AND INAUTHENTIC SPORT IN THE HERMENEUTIC AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Ivo Jirásek1, Josef Oborný2, Emanuel Hurych3 1Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; 2Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Komenský University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 3Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk Universtiy, Brno, Czech Republic Summary: The philosophical concept of hermeneutics presents the opposite pole of human mental activities than positivism. Phenomenology, together with hermeneutics, also presents a kind of opposition to the positivistic reduction of learning the world. This paper focuses on the topic of authenticity of sport from these two (hermeneutic and phenomenological) approaches. As a basic theoretical platform Martin Heidegger´s book Time and Being is used. The authors develop a specific kind of categorization of the social groups engaged in sport events via the ancient concepts of “TECHNÉ ATHLETIKÉ” and “TECHNÉ GYMNASTIKÉ”. Two different phenomena: sport and “sport” are examined within the next part of the paper. There are some reasons mentioned in conclusions coming from the hermeneutic and phenomenological approach which help us to understand and accept the opinion that a kind of return to “techné gymnastiké” can support the authentic modes of being in human approach to sport. Keywords: Sport; “sport”; TECHNÉ GYMNASTIKÉ; TECHNÉ ATHLETIKÉ; authenticity _______________________________________________________________________ DOI 10.2478/afepuc-2018-0001 © Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 1 Introduction The philosophical concepts of hermeneutics and phenomenology radically differ from positivism. While positivism focuses on the facts which are set in the objective way (everything which can be measured, weighted and expressed in the quantitative outputs of the scientific research), hermeneutics uses qualitative approaches of the scientific research.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Philosophy: Aesthetics and Philosophy of Sport
    Original paper UDC 101.2:[111.852+1:796] 130.2: [111.852+1:796] Received December 14th, 2013 Lev Kreft University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, Aškerčeva 2, SI–1000 Ljubljana [email protected] The End of Philosophy: Aesthetics and Philosophy of Sport Abstract How could philosophy come to an end? Understood as love of wisdom, philosophy knew that it knew nothing. It started with examination of those who were supposed to know, and found out that they know nothing, but do not know that. Consequently, philosophy knows better because at least it knows that it does not know anything. Later, philosophy found out that people are enslaved because they do not question their own conditions. Therefore, its mission became to enable people to start thinking. When it started to believe that it knows, philosophy came to its end for the first time. The second end of philosophy may happen when it discovers that people, without philosophy’s instructions, can think, and that phi- losophy itself should rethink its position of critique: presupposed innocence of its criticism. To demonstrate this need in contemporaneity, I will present two cases of philosophical criti- cism: that of the criticism of contemporary art, and that of the radical critique of sport. Keywords end of philosophy, critique of aesthetics, critique of contemporary art, philosophy of sport, radical critique of sport, philosophical disinterest and distrust When history is wholly comprehended in “the recollection and the Golgotha of Absolute Spirit”,1 the end of philosophy which comes with it can only be a comedy.
    [Show full text]