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Background to Natural Disasters in Mozambique

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DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 12 Public Disclosure Authorized Learning Lessons from Disaster Public Disclosure Authorized Recovery: The Case of Mozambique Public Disclosure Authorized Peter Wiles Kerry Selvester Lourdes Fidalgo Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank The Hazard Management Unit (HMU) of the World Bank provides proactive leadership in integrating disaster prevention and mitigation measures into the range of development related activities and improving emergency response. The HMU provides technical support to World Bank operations; direction on strategy and policy development; the generation of knowledge through work with partners across Bank regions, networks, and outside the Bank; and learning and training activities for Bank staff and clients. All HMU activities are aimed at promoting disaster risk management as an integral part of sustainable development. The Disaster Risk Management Working Paper Series presents current research, policies and tools under development by the Bank on disaster management issues and practices. These papers reflect work in progress and some may appear in their final form at a later date as publications in the Bank’s official Disaster Risk Management Series. Margaret Arnold Program Manager Hazard Management Unit The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Email: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.worldbank.org/hazards Cover Photo: Louise Gubb/CORBIS SABA Hazard Management Unit WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 12 Learning Lessons from Disaster Recovery: The Case of Mozambique Peter Wiles Kerry Selvester Lourdes Fidalgo The World Bank Washington, D.C. April 2005 ii iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ACT Action by Churches Together ADB African Development Bank ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Center ANSA Associação de Nutrição e Segurança Alimentar ASONOG Asociacion de Organismo No Gubernamentales AWEPA European Parliamentarians for Africa BoM Bank of Mozambique CAFOD Catholic Agency for Overseas Development CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBO Congressional Budget Office CCA Common Country Assessment CCGC Coordinating Council for Disaster Management CCM Conselho Cristão de Moçambique (Christian Council of Mozambique) CRED Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CTGC Disaster Management Technical Council DEC Disasters Emergency Committee DfID Department for International Development DMI Disaster Mitigation Institute DNA National Water Directorate DPCCN Departamento de Prevenção e Combate as Calamidades Naturais EC European Commission EIU Economist Intelligence Unit EU European Union FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FERP Flood Emergency Recovery Project FEWS NET USAID Femine Early Warning System FRELIMO Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Frelimo) GDP Gross Domestic Product GoM Government of Mozambique GTZ German International Cooperation for sustainable development HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country IDA International Development Agency IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies INAM National Meteorology Institute (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) INGC Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades (Disaster Management National Institute) IRIN UN Integrated Regional Information Networks ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction LWF Lutheran World Federation MADER Ministry of Agricultura and Rural Development MFP Ministry of Finance and Planning MOZAL Mozambique Aluminium MRC Mozambique Red Cross (Cruz Vermelha de Moçambique) NGO Non-Governmental Organization OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs OECD Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development OFDA Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance OMM Organizacion Meteorologica Mundial (World Meteorological Organization) iv PARPA Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility RENAMO Resistência Nacional Moçambicana RESAL European Food Security Network SADC Southern African Development Community SCF Save the Children SIDA Swedish International Development Agency ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nations UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNRC United Nations Resident Coordinator USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization v Table of Contents Preface ..........................................................................................................................................................................viii Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................ix Section I: The Mozambique Country Case Study 1. Introduction and Background..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 The ProVention Consortium lesson learning review....................................................................................1 1.2 Background to the Mozambique country case study...................................................................................1 2. Background to Natural Disasters in Mozambique ........................................................................................3 2.1 The natural disaster context in Mozambique.................................................................................................3 2.2 The Mozambique context for recovery...........................................................................................................4 2.3 The 2000 and 2001 floods................................................................................................................................6 3. Policy ........................................................................................................................................................................8 3.1 The context of poverty reduction and disaster management policies.......................................................8 3.2 Recovery objectives and strategy...................................................................................................................9 4. Systems.................................................................................................................................................................. 10 4.1 Needs assessment......................................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Coordination and implementation of recovery............................................................................................ 10 4.3 Coordination and implementation at the district level............................................................................... 11 4.4 Community participation and communication............................................................................................ 12 5. Resources.............................................................................................................................................................. 13 5.1 Donor conference and response.................................................................................................................. 13 5.2 Balance of payments and debt relief........................................................................................................... 15 5.3 Sectoral responses......................................................................................................................................... 16 5.4 Corruption......................................................................................................................................................... 17 6. Impact and Livelihoods...................................................................................................................................... 19 6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 19 6.2 Response to livelihoods................................................................................................................................. 19 6.3 Resettlement.................................................................................................................................................... 21 6.4 Housing............................................................................................................................................................. 21 6.5 Gender equality............................................................................................................................................... 22 6.6 Political impact................................................................................................................................................. 22 6.7 Mitigation and preparedness......................................................................................................................... 22 7. Conclusions and Lessons Learned................................................................................................................ 24 7.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................................................
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