1. Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the Floridan Aquifer System, Coastal Georgia and Adjacent Parts of South Carolina and Florida

Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division

Summary of Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System in Coastal Georgia and Adjacent Parts of South Carolina and Florida

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5264

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover photograph: Ship in Savannah Harbor, Georgia, 2001 Photograph by: Edward H. Martin, U.S. Geological Survey Summary of Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System in Coastal Georgia and Adjacent Parts of South Carolina and Florida

By John S. Clarke, David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski

Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Geologic Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5264

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004

U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Online publication: http://pubs.usgs.gov/

For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to repro- duce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation: Clarke, John S., David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski, 2004, Summary of hydraulic properties of the Floridan aquifer system in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report, p. 54. iii

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 Purpose and Scope...... 2 Description of Study Area ...... 2 Well-Identification Systems...... 2 Previous Studies ...... 2 Acknowledgments...... 4 HYDROGEOLOGY ...... 4 Geologic Setting ...... 4 Floridan Aquifer System ...... 4 HYDROLOGIC-PROPERTY DATA ...... 7 Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient ...... 7 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity...... 8 Aquifer-Test Data Qualifiers ...... 8 HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM ...... 9 Upper Floridan Aquifer and Equivalent Clastic Units ...... 9 Lower Floridan Aquifer and Equivalent Clastic Units ...... 10 Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity...... 18 SUMMARY ...... 22 SELECTED REFERENCES ...... 23 APPENDIX A...... 27

Figures

1. Map showing location of study area, physiographic and structural features, and line of hydrogeologic section in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida...... 3 2. Chart showing geologic and hydrogeologic units of the upper and lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida ...... 5 3. Diagram showing hydrogeologic section of the Florida aquifer system along dip, upper to lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia...... 6 4. Boxplot showing transmissivity of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in the study area in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, Duval County, Florida ...... 10 5–9. Maps showing: 5a. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida ...... 14 5b. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina ...... 15 6a. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida ...... 16 iv

6b. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham County, Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina ...... 17 6c. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia...... 18

7. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in (A) coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida; (B) Barnwell and Allendale Counties, South Carolina; and (C) multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida...... 19 8. Storage coefficient of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in Allendale and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida...... 20 9. Location of sites with vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for the Floridan aquifer system, Burke, Chatham, and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and Barnwell and Beaufort Counties, South Carolina...... 21 10. Distribution of vertical hydraulic conductivity for selected hydrogeologic units of Floridan aquifer system...... 22

Table

1. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida ...... 11 A-1. Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida ...... 27

Vertical Datum Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Historical data collected and stored as National Geo- detic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) have been converted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) for this publication. Horizontal Datum Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Historical data collected and stored as North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) have been converted to NAD 83 for use in this publication. Summary of Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System in Coastal Georgia and Adjacent Parts of South Carolina and Florida

By John S. Clarke, David C. Leeth, DáVette Taylor-Harris, Jaime A. Painter, and James L. Labowski

ABSTRACT Lower Floridan aquifer is greatest where the aquifer is thickest—in southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida—where estimates are greater than 10,000 ft2/d; at one well in southeast- Hydraulic-property data for the Floridan aquifer system and ern Georgia transmissivity was estimated to be as high as equivalent clastic sediments in a 67-county area of coastal 200,000 ft2/d. Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida were aquifer are limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale evaluated to provide data necessary for development of ground- Counties, South Carolina, and to estimates determined from six - water flow and solute-transport models. Data include transmis multi-aquifer tests in Duval County, Florida. In the South Caro- sivity at 324 wells, storage coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical lina tests, storage coefficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004; this hydraulic conductivity of 72 core samples from 27 sites. range is indicative of a confined aquifer. The storage coefficient Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary for the combined Upper and Lower Floridan wells in Duval greatly in the study area due to the heterogeneity (and locally to County, Florida, ranges from 0.00002 to 0.02. anisotropy) of the aquifer and to variations in the degree of con- Vertical hydraulic conductivity was compiled from core finement provided by confining units. Prominent structural fea- samples collected at 27 sites. For the Upper Floridan confining tures in the area—the Southeast Georgia Embayment, the Beau- unit, values from 39 core samples at 17 sites range from 0.0002 fort Arch, and the Gulf Trough—influence the thickness and to 3 feet per day (ft/d). For the Lower Floridan confining unit, hydraulic properties of the sediments comprising the Floridan values from 10 core samples at 9 sites range from about aquifer system. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer 0.000004 to 0.16 ft/d. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the and equivalent updip units was compiled for 239 wells and Upper Floridan aquifer was compiled from 16 core samples at ranges from 530 feet squared per day (ft2/d) at Beaufort County, five sites, mostly in the Brunswick, Georgia, area and values South Carolina, to 600,000 ft2/d in Coffee County, Georgia. In range from 0.00134 to 160.4 ft/d. Vertical hydraulic conductiv- carbonate rock settings of the lower Coastal Plain, transmissivity for the semiconfining unit separating the upper and lower ity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is greater than 2 2 water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan at Brunswick, Geor- 20,000 ft /d, with values exceeding 100,000 ft /d in the south- gia, compiled from 6 core samples at three sites ranges from eastern and southwestern parts of the study area (generally coin- 0.000008 to 0.000134 ft/d. The vertical hydraulic conductivity ciding with the area of greatest aquifer thickness). Transmissiv- of the Lower Floridan aquifer in a core sample from a well at ity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is less than 2 Brunswick, Georgia, is 5.3 ft/d; this value is comparable to val- 10,000 ft /d in and near the upper Coastal Plain, where the aqui- ues for the Upper Floridan aquifer. fer is thin and consists largely of clastic sediments, and in the vicinity of the Gulf Trough, where the aquifer consists of low permeability rocks and sediments. Large variability in the range of transmissivity in Camden and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and INTRODUCTION Nassau County, Florida, demonstrates the anisotropic distribution of hydraulic properties that may result from fractures or Saltwater contamination is restricting the availability of solution openings in the carbonate rocks. Storage coefficient of fresh ground-water supplies in coastal Georgia and adjacent the Upper Floridan aquifer was compiled for 106 wells and parts of South Carolina and Florida. The principal source of ranges from about 0.00004 at Beaufort County, South Carolina, freshwater in the coastal area is the Upper Floridan aquifer, an to 0.04 in Baker County, Florida. extremely permeable, high-yielding aquifer that was first devel- Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent oped in the late 1800s, and has been used extensively in the area updip clastic units was compiled for 53 wells and ranges from since. Pumping the aquifer has resulted in substantial water- about 170 ft2/d in Barnwell County, South Carolina, to about level decline and subsequent encroachment of seawater into the 43,000 ft2/d in Camden County, Georgia. Transmissivity of the aquifer at the northern end of Hilton Head Island, S.C.; and in 2 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

saltwater intrusion of the aquifer from underlying brine-filled Brunswick; outside of these areas, land use is a mix of forest, strata at Brunswick, Ga., and near Jacksonville, Fla. grazed woodland, cropland with pasture, marsh, and swampland. The Coastal Sound Science Initiative is a series of scientific and feasibility studies to support development of the State of Georgia’s final strategy to protect the Upper Floridan aquifer Well-Identification Systems from saltwater contamination (Georgia Environmental Protec- Wells in Georgia are identified according to a system based tion Division, 1997). As part of the Coastal Sound Science Initia- on the USGS index to topographic maps of Georgia. Each tive, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)—in cooperation with 7½-minute topographic quadrangle in the State has been given the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GaEPD)—is a number and a letter designation beginning at the southwest developing numerical models to simulate ground-water flow and corner of the State. Numbers increase eastward and letters solute transport (saltwater contamination). To support this effort, increase alphabetically northward. Quadrangles in the northern detailed information regarding the hydraulic properties of the part of the State are designated by double letters. The letters “I,” Floridan aquifer system were compiled; these data include trans- “O,” “II,” and “OO” are not used. Wells inventoried in each missivity, storage coefficient, and vertical hydraulic conductivity. quadrangle are numbered sequentially, beginning with 1. Thus, the fourth well inventoried in the 34H quadrangle in Glynn Purpose and Scope County is designated 34H004. The SCDHEC assigns identifiers to wells on the basis of This report presents a compilation of existing hydraulic- their location as determined by use of a latitude-longitude grid property data for the Floridan aquifer system and equivalent system. The entire State is divided into a grid matrix of aquifer units of coastal Georgia, southeastern South Carolina, 5 minutes of latitude and 5 minutes of longitude, forming 5- by and northeastern Florida. Data include analysis of transmissiv- 5-minute cells. Each cell has a corresponding number and ity at 324 wells, storage coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical uppercase letter(s), for example, 36Y. The 5-minute cells are hydraulic conductivity of 72 core samples from 27 sites. Data further divided into a grid of twenty-five 1-minute latitude by were compiled largely from the literature and from data files of 1-minute longitude cells, each having a lowercase letter that the USGS, GaEPD, South Carolina Department of Health and starts with “a” and continues through “y”; for example, 36Y-e. Environmental Control (SCDHEC), South Carolina Depart- Wells located within a 1-minute cell are numbered ment of Natural Resources, and the St. Johns River Water Man- consecutively; for example, the first well inventoried in 36Y-e agement District. Interpretations relating hydraulic-property would be assigned the number 36Y-e1. values to hydrogeologic settings were made on the basis of In addition to a SCDHEC identifier, each well in South available published hydrogeologic data. Carolina is assigned a county designation by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; this consists of a three-letter abbreviation for the county name and a sequentially assigned Description of Study Area number. For example, BAM-62 represents the sixty-second well that was inventoried in Bamburg County. In Florida, there The GaEPD defines the coastal area of Georgia (fig. 1) to is no uniform system employed to number wells; local well include the 6 coastal Georgia counties and 18 adjacent inland names or well numbers are used for identification. counties; a 24-county area of 12,240 square miles (mi2). To facilitate the development of ground-water models for the coastal area, the study area was expanded to include natural Previous Studies hydraulic boundaries that lie outside the 24-county area—an additional 44 counties. The 68-county area encompasses an area This report updates aquifer hydraulics data presented in of 32,660 mi2 and includes 56 counties in southern Georgia, reports for the Floridan aquifer system by Bush and Johnston 7 counties in southeastern South Carolina, and 5 counties in (1988) as part of the USGS Regional Aquifer System Analysis northeastern Florida. (RASA) program. Bush and Johnston (1988) mapped the distri- The study area is located in the Coastal Plain physiographic bution of transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and pro- province (Clark and Zisa, 1976). For discussions in this report, duced a comparative evaluation of the reliability of these data the Coastal Plain has been divided into the upper Coastal Plain, (their plate 2) and a tabular compilation of aquifer-test data comprised of the Fall Line Hills District of Clark and Zisa (their table 2). Krause and Randolph (1989) mapped horizontal (1976); and the lower Coastal Plain, comprised of the Vidalia hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity for the Upper Flori- Uplands, Bacon Terraces, and Barrier Island Sequence Districts dan aquifer and extrapolated these data into zones of similar of Clark and Zisa (1976). Topographic relief ranges from low in hydraulic conductivity (their plate 7); they also presented a the lower Coastal Plain to steep in the northern Coastal Plain. transmissivity distribution for the Upper Floridan aquifer based Land-surface altitudes are as high as 100 feet (ft) in the lower on simulation (their plate 8). Clarke and Krause (2000) described Coastal Plain and 300 ft in the upper Coastal Plain. Land use is updates to previously calibrated ground-water flow models in largely urban in industrial areas and cities such as Savannah and coastal Georgia, including maps showing simulated transmissivity and leakance for the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers. Introduction 3

Savannah River Site Approximate Barnwell northern limit Bamberg Glascock of Floridan Burke aquifer system A Jefferson Allendale

Washington Colleton Wilkinson Hampton Jenkins Screven SC Johnson GA Beaufort Twiggs Plain Emanuel Jasper ? Laurens ? Burton Houston Treutlen Effingham Bleckley Candler Bulloch Evans Port Royal Sound Dooly Pulaski Dodge Toombs Wheeler Bryan Chatham Upper Coastal Montgomery Savannah Tattnall Crisp Wilcox Telfair Lower Coastal Plain Liberty Jeff Davis Appling Ben Hill Long Turner Jesup Irwin Bacon Tift Coffee Wayne McIntosh

Pierce Ware Berrien Atkinson A' Glynn Waycross Cook Brantley Brunswick Lanier Clinch Camden Naval Submarine Valdosta Charlton Base Kings Bay Lowndes St Marys Echols Nassau GA Hamilton Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey FL Duval 1:200,000-scale digital line graphs. Structural features modified from Applied Coastal Research Laboratory, 2002; Weems and Jacksonville Edwards, 2001; and Kellam and Gorday, 1990. N Columbia Baker Northern limit of Floridan aquifer system from Krause and Randolph (1989).

0 15 30 MILES

015 30 KILOMETERS

SOUTH EXPLANATION GEORGIA CAROLINA Approximate northern extent of the Southeast Georgia Embayment Approximate location of the 24-county coastal Georgia Satilla Line Upper Coastal Plain area as identified by the Georgia Environmental AA'Line of hydrogeologic section— Lower Coastal Plain Protection Division Shown in figure 3 FLOR ID Study area A

Figure 1. Location of study area in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida, physiographic and structural features, and line of hydrogeologic section. 4 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Brooks and others (1985) and Faye and McFadden (1986) Geologic Setting presented data on hydraulic characteristics of clastic aquifer units that are updip equivalents to the Floridan aquifer system. Geologic strata within the Coastal Plain physiographic Faye and Mayer (1996) presented maps showing model-cali- province consist of unconsolidated to consolidated layers of brated hydraulic characteristics of equivalent clastic units. sand and clay and semiconsolidated to very dense layers of Clarke and West (1998) simulated ground-water flow in and limestone and dolomite (Clarke and others, 1990). These around the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and Georgia; sediments range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene their model was based, in part, on aquifer tests performed and (fig. 2), and unconformably overlie Paleozoic to Mesozoic analyzed by personnel with Clemson University (Moore and igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. These others, 1993; Snipes and others, 1995a, b), and on transmissiv- sedimentary units generally strike northeast, and dip and ity estimates derived from specific-capacity tests of wells and thicken to the southeast; maximum thickness is about 5,500 ft from borehole resistivity logs. in Camden County, Ga. (Wait and Davis, 1986). Prominent Szell (1993) provided a compilation of transmissivity and structural features in the area (fig. 1), such as the Southeast storage-coefficient data from analyses of aquifer tests in north- Georgia Embayment, the Beaufort Arch, and the Gulf Trough, eastern Florida. Aucott and Newcome (1986) and Newcome influence the thickness of sediments. (1993, updated 2000) presented transmissivity and storage coef- The Southeast Georgia Embayment is a shallow east-to- ficients derived from aquifer-test analyses in the South Carolina northeast-plunging syncline that subsided at a moderate rate Coastal Plain. Jones and Maslia (1994) compiled data from four from the Late Cretaceous until the late Cenozoic (Miller, 1986). large-scale aquifer tests conducted in the Brunswick area in The thickness of Coastal Plain deposits is greatest in the vicinity Glynn County, Ga., and reanalyzed data from one test conducted of the Southeast Georgia Embayment (fig. 3). during 1962–63 at the Hercules, Inc., wellfield at Brunswick. The Beaufort Arch is centered near Hilton Head Island and trends parallel to the coast (fig. 1). The Beaufort Arch interrupts Acknowledgments the regional southward dip of the sediments in that area. Within the area influenced by the Beaufort Arch, Coastal Plain deposits Because this study relied heavily on the works by previous thin and are present at shallower depths than in the vicinity of investigators, the authors of previous USGS reports containing the Southeast Georgia Embayment. large-scale compilations of aquifer properties were consulted The Gulf Trough (figs. 1 and 3) is a zone of relatively thick regarding their interpretations. Peter W. Bush (U.S. Geological accumulations of fine-grained clastic sediments and argilla- Survey), and Richard E. Krause and Richard H. Johnston (both ceous carbonates, in which permeability and thickness of U.S. Geological Survey retired) discussed their work and pro- Coastal Plain deposits decrease. In this area, ground-water flow vided helpful suggestions on the approach for this study. Roy is partially impeded by the juxtaposition of rocks of higher per- Newcome (U.S. Geological Survey retired and currently [2004] meability updip and downdip of the trough, with those of lower with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources) pro- permeability within the trough (Krause and Randolph, 1989). vided supplemental information from his published work that In addition to the aforementioned geologic features, the greatly enhanced the data coverage for the South Carolina part “Satilla Line” (fig. 1) is a postulated hydrologic boundary iden- of the study area. Harold E. Gill and Robert E. Faye (both U.S. tified by GaEPD based on a change in the configuration of the Geological Survey retired) provided a reinterpretation and potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, and by reevaluation of the Waycross, Wayne County, Ga., aquifer test linear changes depicted on aeromagnetic, aeroradioactivity, originally reported by Matthews and Krause (1984). Richard M. gravity, and isopach maps (William H. McLemore, Georgia Spechler and Trudy G. Phelps (U.S. Geological Survey, Alta- Environmental Protection Division, Geologic Survey Branch, monte Springs, Fla.) and Paula F. Presley (St. Johns River oral commun., 2000). This feature may have an impact on Water Management District) provided data for northeastern ground-water flow in the area; however, its geologic origin and Florida, including unpublished data from current investigations. nature are unknown.

Floridan Aquifer System HYDROGEOLOGY The principal source of water for all uses in the coastal area A comprehensive study of the hydrogeologic framework of of Georgia is the Floridan aquifer system, consisting of the Upper the Floridan aquifer system, which includes the study area, was and Lower Floridan aquifers (Miller, 1986; Krause and Ran- conducted as part of the USGS RASA study and presented by dolph, 1989). The Floridan aquifer system (Miller, 1986) con- Miller (1986); the reader is referred to that publication for sists of carbonate rocks of mostly Paleocene to Oligocene age details. Other useful summaries are included in Krause and that locally include Upper Cretaceous rocks (fig. 2). Thickness Randolph (1989) and Clarke and others (1990). The discussion of the Floridan aquifer system in the study area ranges from less that follows provides a frame of reference for the hydraulic- than 100 ft where the aquifer system crops out in South Carolina property data presented herein. to about 2,800 ft in Brunswick, Ga. (Miller, 1986). 4 3 2 1 and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida. ofSouthCarolina adjacentparts and 2. Figure In localareasincludesMillersPond aquifer. Modified fromFalls andothers, 1997. Modified fromRandolphandothers,1991; Weems andEdwards, 2001. Modified fromRandolphandothers, 1991; Clarke andKrause, 2000. Miocene Post-Miocene Series Eocene Cretaceous Oligocene Paleocene Upper

Geologic and hydrogeologic units of the upper and lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia, Plain,coastal lowerCoastal and oftheupper units andhydrogeologic Geologic Lower Middle Upper Lower Middle Upper System Lazaretto CreekFormation Coosawhatchie Formation Marks HeadFormation Marks Cedar Keys Formation Suwannee Limestone Parachucla Formation Tiger LeapFormation Avon Park Formation Ebenezer Formation Oldsmar Formation Ocala Limestone Undifferentiated Undifferentiated Geologic Unit Lower CoastalPlain 2 Savannah Hydrogeologic Unit Confining unit Confining unit Confining unit Surficial aquifer Confining unit 1 Lower Brunswick Upper Brunswick

Lower Floridan aquifer Upper Floridan Confining unit Fernandina permeable permeable Confining aquifer

aquifer aquifer Brunswick Floridan semi- Floridan bearing zonebearing Upper water- bearing zonebearing Lower water- confining unit zone unit Upper

FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM Black CreekGroup Ellenton Formation Santee Limestone Snapp Formation (undifferentiated) (undifferentiated) Undifferentiated Barnwell Group Barnwell Geologic Unit Steel Creek Formation Formation Congaree Upper CoastalPlain Gordon aquifer Upper Three Confining unit Runs aquifer Confining unit

Hydrogeologic Upper Dublin aquifer Unit Introduction 5 Introduction 3 4 FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 6 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

A A' FEET 500

Hydrogeologic Unit

Upper Three Runs aquifer Hydrogeologic Unit 0 Confining unit Surficial aquifer Gordon aquifer ?

Confining unit

500

? ? Upper ? Floridan aquifer

1,000 Permeable unit ? Confining unit

Lower 1,500 Floridan aquifer

2,000 Confining SYSTEM AQUIFER FLORIDAN unit

0 20 40 MILES

2,500 0 20 40 KILOMETERS Fernandina permeable VERTICAL SCALE GREATLY EXAGGERATED zone NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988

3,000 Hydrogeology modified from Brooks and others, 1985; Miller, 1986

Figure 3. Hydrogeologic section of the Florida aquifer system along dip, upper to lower Coastal Plain, coastal Georgia (modified from Krause and Randolph, 1989). Line of section is shown in figure 1.

The Upper Floridan aquifer is highly productive and to clastic deposits generally occurs north of the Gulf Trough consists of Eocene to Oligocene limestone and dolomite (figs. 1 and 3). (Clarke and others, 1990). Lithologic units comprising the In some areas, several distinct water-bearing zones within aquifer crop out or are near land surface in the northwestern the Upper Floridan aquifer have been identified. McCollum part of the study area (upper Coastal Plain) and near Valdosta and Counts (1964) identified five water-bearing zones in and in Lowndes County, Ga. (fig. 1), where the aquifer is under around the Savannah–Hilton Head Island area in strata that unconfined or semiconfined conditions. To the southeast would later be defined as part of the Floridan aquifer system; (lower Coastal Plain), the aquifer becomes more deeply buried the upper two zones are part of the Upper Floridan aquifer and confined. In this report, clastic sediments of the Upper (Krause and Randolph, 1989). In the Brunswick–Glynn Three Runs aquifer (Falls and others, 1997) in the upper County, Ga., area, Wait and Gregg (1973) identified two Coastal Plain that are hydraulically connected to carbonate distinct water-bearing zones (fig. 2) in the Upper Floridan deposits of the lower Coastal Plain are included as part of the aquifer (their “principal artesian aquifer”) and estimated that Upper Floridan aquifer (fig. 3). The transition from carbonate about 70 percent of the total flow from wells open to both zones Hydrologic-Property Data 7 was coming from the upper zone. In Beaufort County, S.C., the HYDROLOGIC-PROPERTY DATA term middle Floridan is used by the State of South Carolina (Ransom and White, 1999) for a water-bearing zone Hydraulic conductivity transmissivity storage approximately 250–550 ft below land surface. For the purposes , , and coefficient of this study, this zone is placed in the lowermost part of the are terms used to describe and quantify the capacity Upper Floridan aquifer (W.F. Falls, U.S. Geological Survey, of the materials composing aquifers and confining units to written commun., 2002; and J.A. Gellici, South Carolina transmit and store water. Detailed discussions of these terms Department of Natural Resources, written commun., 2002). can be found in Lohman (1972) and Heath (1983). The Upper Floridan aquifer is overlain by Oligocene layers Hydraulic properties compiled and presented herein were of silty clay and dense phosphatic dolomite that confine and derived from a variety of sources including published reports, separate the aquifer from overlying permeable units of the files of the USGS in Atlanta, Ga., and the USGS Ground-Water Brunswick aquifer system (Clarke, 2003). The Upper Floridan Site Inventory (GWSI) database. The GWSI database and aquifer is underlain by a confining unit of dense, recrystallized USGS files contain USGS-approved aquifer-test results includ- limestone and dolomite of the middle to upper Eocene that ing most of the data reported by Bush and Johnston (1988) for hydraulically separate the aquifer to varying degrees from the Georgia. Where possible, a published reference for these test Lower Floridan aquifer (fig. 2). Locally in the Brunswick, Ga., results is used rather than citing the USGS files, although in a area, the confining unit is breached by fractures or solution few instances, the latter was the only source available. Litera- openings that enhance the vertical exchange of water between ture from 1944 through 2003 was included in this compilation. the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers (Krause and Randolph, 1989) and affect the storage properties of the aquifers. Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient The Lower Floridan aquifer is composed mainly of lower and middle Eocene dolomitic limestone; but at Brunswick, Ga., The preferred source of transmissivity data compiled herein the aquifer includes highly permeable Paleocene and Late was from multiple-well aquifer tests, followed by single-well Cretaceous limestone (Krause and Randolph, 1989). In the aquifer tests. Transmissivity estimates derived from specific- upper Coastal Plain, the clastic Gordon aquifer (Brooks and capacity data and reported by previous investigators also are others, 1985; Falls and others, 1997) is an updip equivalent unit included; however, these data should be given less credence that is hydraulically connected to the Lower Floridan aquifer than data derived from aquifer tests in areas where both types of (figs. 2 and 3). In some earlier publications (i.e., Counts and data exist. Transmissivity derived from multiple-well aquifer Donsky, 1963), stratigraphic units (such as the Tallahatta or tests are more representative of field conditions than estimates Lisbon Formations) or an age term (such as Claibornian, as used derived from single-well aquifer tests (specific-capacity) in Faye and McFadden, 1986) correlate with the Lower Floridan because they reflect measurement of a larger volume of aquifer aquifer or its equivalent clastic aquifers. Such nomenclature, material. In this report, transmissivities reported by previous though no longer used by the USGS, is shown in some of the investigators are rounded to one significant figure. references in Appendix A. The reliability of specific-capacity data for transmissivity The Lower Floridan aquifer includes several water-bearing estimates is influenced by a variety of factors (Heath, 1983) zones in parts of the study area. In the Savannah–Hilton Head including: (1) transmissivity of the zone supplying water to the area, the lowermost water-bearing zone of McCollum and well (which may be less than the transmissivity of the aquifer); Counts (1964) is included in the Lower Floridan aquifer (2) the storage coefficient of the aquifer; (3) the pumping (W.F. Falls, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2003). period; (4) the effective radius of the well; and (5) the pumping In southeastern South Carolina, Paleocene and lower Eocene rate. As the well efficiency approaches 100 percent, the more units can contain permeable beds, and production wells in this specific capacity is reflective of aquifer transmissivity. Gener- area are screened in these zones together with the overlying ally, well efficiency is considerably less than 100 percent in Santee Limestone (Newcome, 1993, 2000). In this report, these screened wells and is higher, approaching 100 percent in some productive zones, together with the Santee Limestone, are open-hole wells. Thus, specific-capacity estimates in open-hole considered to be part of the Lower Floridan aquifer. In wells may be considered closer to actual aquifer transmissivity, southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida, the Lower whereas values derived in screened wells (such as in areas Floridan includes a deeply buried and highly transmissive, where the Floridan aquifer system is clastic) may be considered saline water-bearing unit known as the Fernandina permeable lower or minimum values of transmissivity. zone (Krause and Randolph, 1989). This unit is the probable Faye and Smith (1994) used formation resistivity derived source of saltwater contamination in the Upper and Lower from borehole geophysical logs to estimate hydraulic conduc- Floridan aquifers at Brunswick, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla. tivity. These estimates then can be converted to transmissivity (Krause and Randolph, 1989). by multiplying by the aquifer thickness. This approach was used to provide transmissivity estimates for numerical simulation of ground-water flow near the Savannah River Site (Clarke and West, 1998), in the northwestern part of the study area. 8 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

The methods of aquifer-test analysis or other methods used toward more competent rock samples because core from to estimate transmissivity are provided in Appendix A in order fractured, solution-riddled, and friable rocks typically are only to qualify the estimates and the level of data reliability. Aquifer- partially recovered or not recovered at all. Because of these test analyses are categorized as nonleaky (Theis, 1935) or leaky limitations, core data may not be comparable to field tests, and (Hantush, 1960; Hantush and Jacob, 1955). Bush and Johnston results of core analyses may be biased toward the lower values (1988) noted that single-well tests may yield questionable trans- that reflect matrix permeability rather than secondary missivity values when compared to those based on multiple- permeability features. well tests. Consequently, the nonequilibrium, nonleaky analyses are further divided into Theis (1935) for multiple-well tests and Cooper and Jacob (1946) for single-well tests to provide a qual- Aquifer-Test Data Qualifiers itative division of the derived estimates of transmissivity. The To help the reader evaluate the quality of aquifer-test results, nonequilibrium, nonleaky analysis methods of Theis (1935) and qualifiers provided for analyses by Newcome (1993, 2000) and (or) the modified nonequilibrium analytical solution of Cooper Jones and Maslia (1994) are listed in Appendix A. Newcome and Jacob (1946) are (by a large margin) the most commonly (1993, 2000) rated aquifer test results as follows: used for tests conducted in the study area. In some older publications, the analysis method is not specified. In these instances, • E (Excellent) – Drawdown and recovery plots agree the most likely analysis method employed (based on the year of closely, or if data for only one plot is available, the plot test analysis) is listed in Appendix A followed by a question provides a definitive value for transmissivity. Boundaries, mark. For aquifer tests that have both drawdown and recovery if any, appear near to the same time on drawdown and data and analysis, the transmissivity and storage coefficient recovery plots. Specific capacity is believable (well effi- entries listed in Appendix A generally are those computed from ciency equal to or less than 100 percent). No unexplain- the drawdown data, unless otherwise noted. Estimates for both able extraneous effects. Discharge effectively constant. transmissivity and storage coefficient computed from recovery • G (Good) – Narrow range in possible solutions for trans- data are listed in the “Remarks” section of Appendix A. missivity. Discharge held reasonably constant. If draw- In the Brunswick area, some selectivity was applied for aqui- down and recovery plots do not agree closely, then the fer-test results presented in this report. Maslia and Prowell reason is apparent. Specific capacity is believable. Few (1990) concluded that some earlier aquifer-test analyses unexplainable extraneous effects. resulted in overestimation of transmissivity by not considering • F (Fair) – Plot of data for one phase of test may be the upward vertical leakage to wells from lower water-bearing clear but is unclear during other phases, or where only zones, a condition that has been documented in the area (Wait one plot is available, there may be substantially different and Gregg, 1973). Additionally, it is possible that overestima- possible interpretations. Discharge may have been tion of pumpage may be a factor in overestimation of transmis- poorly controlled. sivity for some of the recovery tests that involved cessation of pumping at industrial wellfields in the area (L.E. Jones, U.S. • P (Poor) – Plot(s) difficult to interpret or drawdown and Geological Survey, written commun., 1993, 2002). As such, recovery do not agree reasonably well. Extraneous effects aquifer-test results presented in Jones and Maslia (1994) are distort plots. Discharge not held constant. Discharge sub- listed for the Brunswick area; earlier aquifer-test results were stantially increased or decreased near end of test, so included only if they were consistent with results presented by recovery cannot be analyzed properly. There may be a Jones and Maslia (1994). substantial range in possible interpretations of the plots. It should be noted that the Newcome (1993, 2000) rating system Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity reflects not only the operational quality of an aquifer test, but also may be an indication of field conditions that do not fit the Estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity were based on assumptions inherent in the analytical method. laboratory analyses of undisturbed core samples. Data include Jones and Maslia (1994) rated aquifer-test results based on the samples from the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers fit of the drawdown or recovery curve to published type curves. and the overlying confining units. In publications in which lab- Their definitions are as follows: oratory analyses of cores are presented, some depth intervals are • Excellent – all data points closely match the type curve. given without assigning the laboratory result to a specific hydro- • Good – one or two data points fall off the type curve. geologic unit. For these cases, depth intervals were assigned to a specific hydrogeologic unit during this study on the basis of cor- • Fair – more than two data points fall off the type curve, relating the altitude of the sampled interval with maps showing making determination of unique match-point values the altitude of tops of hydrogeologic units as described and questionable. mapped by Miller (1986) and Clarke and others (1990). Where applicable, the Newcome (1993, 2000) and Jones and Laboratory analyses of core samples are limited by (1) very Maslia (1994) qualifiers are included in the “Remarks” section small sample size relative to field conditions, and (2) bias of Appendix A. Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 9

HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF THE In Upper Floridan aquifer carbonate rocks of the lower Coastal Plain, the transmissivity is greater than 20,000 ft2/d FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM over a large area, with values exceeding 100,000 ft2/d in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area (figs. 5a Boxplots summarizing transmissivity data from 239 Upper and 5b). High transmissivity in the southeastern part of the Floridan wells, 53 Lower Floridan wells, and 32 multi-aquifer study area generally coincides with the area of greatest aquifer wells completed in both the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers thickness (see thickness maps by Miller, 1986). Transmissivity in Duval County, Fla., are shown in figure 4; these data are listed of the Upper Floridan aquifer is lowest north of the Gulf Trough in Appendix A. The boxplots indicate that reported transmissiv- where the aquifer is thin and consists of largely clastic sedi- ity of the Upper Floridan is considerably higher than that for the ments, and along the Gulf Trough, where low-permeability Lower Floridan aquifer in the study area and that multi-aquifer rocks and sediments were deposited. In the northeastern part of wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers study area (Burke and Screven Counties, Ga., and Hampton show transmissivities comparable to the Upper Floridan. Stor- County, S.C.), reported transmissivity of the Upper Floridan age-coefficient data are limited to 115 wells, of which 106 are and Upper Three Runs aquifers (Appendix A) generally is less 2 2 for the Upper Floridan, 3 are for the Lower Floridan, and 6 are than 10,000 ft /d, ranging from 840 ft /d in northern Burke 2 for multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower County, Ga., to 13,000 ft /d in Screven County, Ga. (fig. 5a). In Floridan aquifers. The following sections describe the distribu- the area of the Gulf Trough, transmissivity of the Upper Flori- 2 2 tion of hydraulic properties by hydrogeologic unit. dan aquifer is less than 10,000 ft /d, ranging from 1,700 ft /d at well 19K005 in Berrien County, Ga., to 7,900 ft2/d in well 24P006 in Telfair County, Ga. Upper Floridan Aquifer and Large variability in the range of transmissivity where the Equivalent Clastic Units Upper Floridan aquifer is largely carbonate may indicate the influence of fractures or solution openings and related anisotro- Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary pic distribution of hydraulic properties. For example, reported greatly in the study area, due to the heterogeneity (and locally transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in (1) Camden to anisotropy) of the aquifer and to the confinement (or lack County, Ga., ranges from 19,000 ft2/d at well 33D013 to thereof) provided by confining units (Krause and Randolph, 130,000 ft2/d at well 33E027, located about 5 miles (mi) apart; 1989, p. 24–25). A characteristic of the Floridan aquifer system, (2) Nassau County, Fla., ranges from about 30,000 ft2/d in the especially the Upper Floridan aquifer, is that in many places, vicinity of well Nassau 1 to about 170,000 ft2/d in the vicinity zones of very high hydraulic conductivity exist within relatively of well 33DN20, about 1 mi apart; (3) Glynn County, Ga., small portions of the aquifer. For example, borehole flowmeter ranges from 23,000 ft2/d at well 34H344, to 160,000 ft2/d at tests conducted at Waycross, Ga. (Matthews and Krause, 1984), well 34H097, about 2 mi apart; and (4) Beaufort County, S.C., indicate high permeability zones at depths below land surface of ranges from 530 ft2/d at well 27JJ-i10 to 110,000 ft2/d at well 1,070–1,090 ft (240 gallons per minute [gal/min]), 750–900 ft 27KK-f23, about 3 mi apart (Appendix A, fig. 5a,b). Given that (500 gal/min), and 635–750 ft (1,100 gal/min) that are separated differences in aquifer thickness should be minimal over such by zones of lower permeability. short distances in each area, the wide range in transmissivity Maps showing the distribution of transmissivity and storage- may be the result of differences in the distribution of fractures or coefficient data for the Upper Floridan aquifer based on data solution openings within the aquifer. listed in Appendix A are shown in figures 5 and 6, respectively. Possible presence of structural features that could impact Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent the distribution of solution features in the Upper Floridan clastic units ranges from 530 ft2/d at well 27JJ-i10 in Beaufort aquifer were reported in the Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., County, S.C., to 600,000 ft2/d at well 23L004 in Coffee County, area by Maslia and Prowell (1990) and in northeastern Florida Ga. (Appendix A). At Waycross, Ware County, Georgia, esti- (including Duval County) by Leve (1966, 1983). Because mated transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer at well Camden County, Ga., is midway between Glynn and Duval 27G004 ranges from 150,000 to 1,000,000 ft2/d, with the larger Counties, it is possible that similar structural features are present value originally reported by Matthews and Krause (1984). in that area; however, presence of such features has not been Analysis of the Waycross aquifer test that produced the larger documented. In Beaufort County, S.C., uplift in the vicinity of value of transmissivity may have been complicated by an oscil- the Beaufort Arch (fig. 1) may have induced greater dissolution latory water-level response, resulting in an underrepresentation in the Upper Floridan aquifer in that area and, thus, account for of drawdown and an overprediction of transmissivity. A reanal- some of the large variation in aquifer transmissivity. In addition ysis of these data, using a van der Kamp analysis (see Kruseman to structural influences, it is possible that some of the variability and de Ritter, 1994) to eliminate the oscillatory water-level in aquifer transmissivity results from differences in test response, indicates that the transmissivity could be as low as conditions or analytical method. 150,000 ft2/d (R.E. Faye, U.S. Geological Survey retired, written commun., 2002). 10 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

At Savannah, Ga., Warner and Aulenbach (1999) reported NUMBER OF VALUES that the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is isotropic with an 1,000,000 239 53 32 anisotropy ratio of 1.2:1. The isotropic distribution of hydraulic properties is demonstrated by reported transmissivities at aquifer-test sites in the Savannah area. In 12 of the 13 tests reported 100,000 in Chatham County, Ga., the transmissivity ranges from 20,000 to 46,000 ft2/d, with a higher transmissivity of 80,000 ft2/d reported at well 38Q115 (Appendix A, fig. 5b). Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer (Appendix 10,000 A, fig. 6a–d) ranges from about 0.00004 at well 27HH-o3 in Beaufort County, S.C., to 0.04 at “Well 1” in Baker County, Fla.

TRANSMISSIVITY, IN TRANSMISSIVITY, The latter storage coefficient is higher than the range for a typ-

FEET SQUARED PER DAY FEET SQUARED 1,000 ical confined aquifer (0.0001 to 0.001, Heath, 1983). Higher storage coefficients normally would be expected in updip areas (western and northern parts of the study area) where the aquifer is semiconfined or unconfined, and lower storage coefficients 100 Upper Floridan Lower Floridan Upper would be expected in downdip areas where the aquifer is more aquifer aquifer and Lower Floridan tightly confined. In parts of the study area, however, high stor- aquifers age coefficients have been reported in some downdip areas EXPLANATION where the Upper Floridan aquifer is deeply buried and confined. 90th Percentile In the Brunswick, Ga., area (fig. 6c), the wide range of storage 75th Percentile coefficient values were attributed either to pumping interfer- 50th Percentile ences during testing or to vertical leakage upward from deeper 25th Percentile zones (Jones and Maslia, 1994). 10th Percentile Figure 4. Boxplot showing transmissivity of the Upper and Lower Lower Floridan Aquifer and Floridan aquifers in the study area in coastal Georgia and parts of Equivalent Clastic Units South Carolina and Florida, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, Duval County, Florida. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units ranges from about 170 ft2/d at well 38Y-h6 in Barn- Previous studies by Maslia (1987) and Warner and Aulenbach well County, S.C., to about 43,000 ft2/d at well 33E039 in Cam- (1999) have shown that the Upper Floridan aquifer is anisotropic den County, Ga. (Appendix A, fig. 7). In northern areas where in parts of the study area. The Maslia (1987) study indicated that the aquifer is comprised largely of clastic sediments (Gordon the Upper Floridan aquifer is anisotropic at Brunswick and Jesup, aquifer, fig. 2), transmissivity ranges from 170 to 15,000 ft2/d Ga., with the principal axis of the transmissivity tensor oriented with a median of 3,500 ft2/d. In areas where the aquifer is north-northeast. The degree of anisotropy is greater at Brunswick largely carbonate, transmissivity ranges from 500 to 43,000 ft2/ than at Jesup, and there is greater variability between local- and d, with a median of 2,900 ft2/d. regional-scale tests at Brunswick than at Jesup. Local-scale tests Although no aquifer tests were conducted in wells completed are defined as tests conducted using a single pumping well and solely in the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeastern Florida, it is one or more observation wells; regional-scale tests are defined as likely that transmissivity of the aquifer is high—possibly exceed- those involving several pumping wells (such as those that might ing 100,000 ft2/d. Krause and Randolph (1989) stated that the be present at an industrial wellfield) and several observation transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of wells. Regional-scale tests encompass a larger area than local- Jacksonville, Fla., may be as high as 400,000 ft2/d, but added scale tests and, thus, are representative of a larger volume of that their transmissivity estimates for the Lower Floridan aqui- aquifer material. Maslia (1987) attributed greater anisotropy and fer are qualitative and primarily based on thickness and esti- variability between local- and regional-scale tests at Brunswick mates of permeability from geophysical well logs. An estimate to preferential flow along vertical solution channels associated of the transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeast- with high-angle reverse faults and fractures similar to those ern Florida can be obtained from tests conducted in multi-aqui- described by Prowell (1985). Maslia (1987) also indicated that fer production wells in Duval County, Fla., that are open to the because of the large variation between results derived from entire thickness of the Upper Floridan aquifer and a high-perme- regional- and local-scale tests at Brunswick, local-scale aquifer ability freshwater zone at the top of the Lower Floridan aquifer tests “should not be extrapolated for use in regional aquifer anal- (Spechler, 1994). Such multi-aquifer wells are designated as yses.” Warner and Aulenbach (1999) reported that the Upper “UF, LF” in Appendix A. Spechler (1994) stated, “Although Floridan aquifer is anisotropic at St Marys, Ga., with the princi- the relative contribution of water from each zone cannot be pal axis of anisotropy oriented north-northeast, as was reported determined, multi-aquifer wells probably derive much of their for Brunswick and Jesup, Ga. yield from the upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer.” Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 11 - Floridan aquifer Remarks ydrologic unit identifiers enclosed in ydrologic unit identifiers separating the upper and lower water-bear and the upper separating ing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer Floridan the Upper ing zones of Chalky limestone; Oligocene do. Fossiliferous gray limestone do. do. Dolomitic limestone Fossiliferous gray limestone do. do. do. do. Dolomitic limestone do. Dolomitic limestone; semiconfining layer do. do. do. (1990) C others Clarke unit and of Miocene Oligocene limestone; Sandy Upper Eocene fossiliferous limestone do. Upper Eocene limestone da. . Hydrologic unit: LFC, Lower Lower . Hydrologic unit: LFC, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. unit LFC UFA UFA UFA UFA UFC UFC (LFC) UFSC UFSC Hydrologic ng unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; h Floridan Lower ng unit; LFA, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Georgia; SC, South Carolina SC, South Georgia; Wait (1965) Wait Furlow (1969) Furlow Source of data Wait and Gregg (1973) Gregg and Wait Leeth and others (1996) others and Leeth Counts and Donsky (1963) Donsky and Counts - orida aquifer semiconfini not reported. State: GA, not reported. .00535 .000668 .0008 .004 .67 .00134 .000134 .936 .4011 .02674 .04011 .000013 .00004 .000054 .000267 .0107 .4 Vertical Vertical 0.000330 1.2032 6.6845 6.68 21.39 18.72 ductivity (ft/d) 160.4 120 hydraulic con hydraulic (ft) 306 803 214 241 635 712 812 912 539 580 662 702 765 888 990 567 587 607 698 799 coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Flori 1,026 1,051 1,065 1,084 1,154 Bottom of test interval ining unit; UFSC, Upper Fl Upper unit; UFSC, ining (ft) 305.5 802 211 226 615 708 800 900 519 560 642 682 744 867 970 547 567 587 678 779 Top of 1,025 1,046 1,053 1,072 1,134 Depth below surface below land Depth test interval do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample uncertain; —, depth ?, do., ditto; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Longitude 81°43'15" 81°11'03" 80°59'54" 81°30'56" 81°29'52" 81°29'42" do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Latitude 33°03'53" 32°07'59" 31°58'26" 31°10'34" 31°10'20" 31°08'24" Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer conf aquifer Floridan UFC, Upper aquifer; Florida do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Well Well °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; seconds; ", ', minutes; °, degrees; 38P015 36R006 32Y020 33H115 34H132 34H337 identifier quivalent clastic unit] quivalent do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, Burke Glynn County Chatham

do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; day; per feet ft/d, feet; ft, Table 1. [ confining unit; UFA, Upper unit; UFA, confining parentheses designate e 12 Hydraulic Property of the Floridan Aquifer System - Floridan aquifer wer Floridan confin Remarks ydrologic unit identifiers enclosed in ydrologic unit identifiers upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Floridan Upper interval, but likely Lo ing unit Probably semiconfiningthe separating layer test aquifer in Wait and Gregg’s Included Lower Eocene limestone da. . Hydrologic unit: LFC, Lower Lower . Hydrologic unit: LFC, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. unit LFA LFC LFC LFC LFC LFC UFC UFC UFC UFSC (UFA) Hydrologic ng unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; h Floridan Lower ng unit; LFA, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Georgia; SC, South Carolina SC, South Georgia; Smith (1994) Source of data Bledsoe (1988) Bledsoe Wait and Gregg (1973) Gregg and Wait orida aquifer semiconfini not reported. State: GA, not reported. .000004 .16 .0012 .034 .566 .12735 .00037 .00048 .00037 .0019 .00257 .00022 .04 .0056 .0056 .0141 .0721 .01082 .00852 .22948 .000557 .00279 Vertical Vertical 0.000008 5.3 0.005570 ductivity (ft/d) hydraulic con- hydraulic 62 98 — — — — — — — — — — (ft) 954 238 172 258 136 169 141 161 211 168 262 coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Flori 1,105 1,503 Bottom of test interval ining unit; UFSC, Upper Fl Upper unit; UFSC, ining 62 98 — — — — — — — — — — (ft) 935 238 172 258 136 169 141 161 210.5 167.5 262 Top of 1,088 1,490 Depth below surface below land Depth test interval do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample uncertain; —, depth ?, do., ditto; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 81°29'42" 81°34'40" 81°37'27" 81°36'22" 81°30'47" 81°40'43" 81°36'27" 81°34'25" 81°39'26" 81°40'21" 80°39'34" 80°42'46" 80°40'16" do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Latitude Longitude 31°08'24" 33°12'09" 33°12'55" 33°18'42" 33°11'28" 33°10'57" 33°08'48" 33°16'30" 33°12'38" 33°15'10" 32°15'30" 32°16'36" 32°11'15" Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer conf aquifer Floridan UFC, Upper aquifer; Florida do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Well Well °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; seconds; ", ', minutes; °, degrees; 34H337 BW-243 BW-246 BW-308 BW-314 BW-316 BW-335 BW-375 BW-379 BW-391 identifier BFT-1672 BFT-1674 BFT-1675 quivalent clastic unit] quivalent do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, Glynn Beaufort Barnwell SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; day; per feet ft/d, feet; ft, Table 1. [ confining unit; UFA, Upper unit; UFA, confining parentheses designate e Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 13 Floridan aquifer Remarks ydrologic unit identifiers enclosed in ydrologic unit identifiers Coarse-grained valley fill Coarse-grained valley sand Unconfined fill? Fine-grained valley fill? Fine-grained valley da. . Hydrologic unit: LFC, Lower Lower . Hydrologic unit: LFC, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. unit UFC UFC(?) UFC(?) UFC(?) UFC(?) Hydrologic ng unit; LFA, Lower Floridan aquifer; h Floridan Lower ng unit; LFA, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Georgia; SC, South Carolina SC, South Georgia; Smith (1994) Source of data 01, 29 p., August 29, 2001 29, August 29 p., 01, 01, 22 p., September 2000 5, September 22 p., 01, Geotechnics, Laboratory Test Test Laboratory Geotechnics, Test Laboratory Geotechnics, Report, Project No. 2000-228- No. Project Report, 2001-225- No. Project Report, orida aquifer semiconfini not reported. State: GA, not reported. .00279 .032786 .00557 .008525 .001213 .000426 .426229 .006229 .002787 .008525 .2 .2 .003082 .003934 .000252 .000232 .000249 .006521 .48195 .000539 .000454 Vertical Vertical 3.01896 ductivity (ft/d) hydraulic con- hydraulic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.8 68 78.65 43.9 36.8 57.3 72.8 (ft) coastal Georgia, and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Flori Bottom of test interval ining unit; UFSC, Upper Fl Upper unit; UFSC, ining — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 52.4 67.5 78.15 43.5 36.3 56.8 72.3 (ft) Top of Depth below surface below land Depth test interval do., ditto; ?, uncertain; —, depth of sample uncertain; —, depth ?, do., ditto; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 80°40'25" 80°42'03" 80°37'40" 80°39'49" 80°43'22" 80°44'41" 80°40'42" 80°42'55" 80°49'08" do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Latitude Longitude 32°14'40" 32°17'38" 32°12'42" 32°17'16" 32°16'03" 32°04'02" 32°04'07" 32°04'14" 32°09'18" Florida aquifer; UFC, Upper Floridan aquifer conf aquifer Floridan UFC, Upper aquifer; Florida do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Well Well °, degrees; ', minutes; ", seconds; seconds; ", ', minutes; °, degrees; identifier BFT-1676 BFT-1677 BFT-1679 BFT-1680 BFT-1809 BFT-2249 BFT-2250 BFT-2295 BFT-2297 quivalent clastic unit] quivalent do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Floridan aquifer system, Beaufort SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County ft, feet; ft/d, feet per day; day; per feet ft/d, feet; ft, Table 1. [ confining unit; UFA, Upper unit; UFA, confining parentheses designate e 14 Hydraulic Property of the Floridan Aquifer System

Approximate northern limit Barnwell Bamberg Glascock of Floridan 30Z022 SC GA aquifer system Jefferson Burke Allendale Washington 33X052 33X053 32CC-l15 Colleton 33X051 33CC-p3 Hampton Jenkins 33CC-p2 32W015 33EE-f2 Wilkinson 31T028 33EE-c4 31T024 Screven Johnson Beaufort Twiggs 31T027 33EE-v3 31T025 32U018 See Fig 5b

Emanuel Effingham Candler 31T010 Laurens 29T011 See Fig 5b Houston Jasper Treutlen 32T013 36S025 Bleckley 29T010 35T003 36S026 Bulloch 36S022 36S027 26R001 36S004 25R002 30R002 34R043 Pulaski Dodge 23R001 Toombs Dooly 26R003 30R001 Chatham 22Q004 Bryan Montgomery Evans 22Q003 Wheeler 29Q001 22Q001 28Q002 See Fig 5b Wilcox 35P110 24P008 Tattnall Crisp Telfair 24P006 27P002 33N001 27P001 31M009 Liberty Ben Hill 27N003 34M021 31M014 Long 20M003 Jeff Davis 27N004 34M052 31M013 34M090 20M002 27N001 31M010 33M004 Turner 19M001 34M051 Irwin Appling 34M019 20L003 23L004 26L004 30L003 Wayne Tift 26L001 23L002 31L001 17K062 Bacon McIntosh 19K005 Coffee 30K004 18K001 Pierce See EXPLANATION 20K002 Fig 5b Berrien Atkinson 19H026 Glynn Transmissivity, in feet 18H002 20H003 Ware 18H005 Cook Brantley squared per day 18H033 27G004 20G009 18H016 18G018 500 to 1,000 Lanier 1,000 to 10,000 N Clinch Camden Charlton 10,000 to 50,000 19F101 33E040 33E027 33E007 Lowndes 33D013 50,000 to 100,000 33D069 Echols 33DN20 NASSAU1 100,000 to 600,000 GA Nassau YO-1 Hamilton Estimated from FL Well D101 +011436008 PW-1 150,000 to 1,000,000 Baker MR-2 DUVAL12 5903,5901 (Ware County only) Well 1 Duval Well 15 ONF #2, Floridan East Well 0 15 30 MILES Well 2 Well 2 (JEA San Pablo) Lake City Well No. 2 (JEA Briarwood) 5706Well 5801 015 30 KILOMETERS M501 Columbia M502 Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

Figure 5a. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida. Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 15

28GG-a10

32GG-n2 31GG-p5 32GG-n1 31GG-o3 28GG-x1 31GG-x5 31HH-b3 27HH-o3 30HH-o1 27HH-n9 N 31HH-m3 28HH-k12 25HH-p17 28HH-t2 32HH-s2 28HH-t7 25HH-p6 25HH-p12 JASPER BEAUFORT 25II-e4 27II-l30 26II-l3 26II-s5 29II-o1 29II-s5 27II-l5

29II-y2 29JJ-d6 26II-w16 0 5 10 MILES 28JJ-e8 24JJ-c1 30JJ-l1 29JJ-e11 28JJ-f4 27JJ-i10 30JJ-n1 29JJ-o3 29JJ-m2 28JJ-h5 27JJ-i9 0 5 10 KILOMETERS 29JJ-l5 28JJ-m7 27JJ-i4 Base modified from U.S. Geological 28JJ-n2 27JJ-q2 31JJ-t1 30JJ-m1 29JJ-q2 28JJ-p5 28KK-e1 Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data 28JJ-y2,28JJ-y3 30JJ-k1 29JJ-v2 27KK-f23 27KK-g1 29JJ-v3 28JJ-y4 30JJ-t2 27KK-f22 27KK-j5 28KK-d6 29KK-a3 28KK-c1 27KK-h4 SC 27KK-h1 27KK-o10 27KK-l12 GA 27KK-n15 27KK-m46 27KK-q5 27LL-e11 27KK-x8 37R001 27LL-e12 36R010 29LL-j4 27LL-d2 29LL-l2 36R037 29LL-k6 EXPLANATION 29LL-l1 37Q185 36Q002 Transmissivity, in feet 29LL-s1 36Q008 squared per day 36Q030 37Q049 37Q018 37Q010 37Q016 500 to 1,000 1,000 to 10,000 36Q331 CHATHAM 38Q115 10,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 100,000 100,000 to 600,000

33H100 34H392 34H427 34H412 34H449 34J001 34H133 34H132 32J002 34J009 34H469 34H425 33H133 GLYNN 34H424 34H062 N 34H374 34H076 34H078 33H052 34H401 34H344 34H328 N 33H078 34H125 35H042 34H085 35H012 32H026 33H036 Brunswick 32H024 35H037 34H371 34H100 33H003 34H205 34G017 34H097

012 MILES 0 5 10 MILES 34G013 0 1 2 KILOMETERS 0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Figure 5b. Transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina. 16 Hydraulic Property of the Floridan Aquifer System

Approximate northern limit Barnwell Bamberg of Floridan Glascock aquifer system Burke Jefferson Washington Allendale 32CC-i15 Colleton Hampton Jenkins 33EE-c4 Screven Wilkinson Johnson SC GA Beaufort Twiggs Emanuel 31T027 31T025 Jasper Houston Laurens 31T028 Bleckley Treutlen Candler Effingham Bulloch Evans See Fig 6b Pulaski Dodge Toombs Dooly Wheeler Chatham Bryan

Montgomery Tattnall Crisp Wilcox Telfair Liberty Ben Hill 31M013 Jeff Davis Appling 31M014 20M002 31M009 Long 34M021 Turner 31M010 34M052 34M051 Irwin 30L003 33M004 34M090 Bacon Wayne 34M019 Tift Coffee 31L001 McIntosh 30K004 Glynn Pierce Berrien Atkinson See Fig 6c 18H003 Ware Brantley EXPLANATION Cook Lanier Brunswick Storage coefficient N Clinch Camden Lowndes Charlton See Fig 6d 0.00001 to 0.0001 0.0001 to 0.001 Echols See Fig 6d 0.001 to 0.01 GA Nassau Hamilton FL 011436008 Greater than 0.01 Baker ONF #2, Floridan Duval Well 1 See Fig 6d 0 15 30 MILES Lake City Well No. 2

015 30 KILOMETERS Columbia Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

Figure 6a. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida. Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 17

BEAUFORT 28GG-a10

31GG-p5 28GG-x1

27HH-o3 JASPER 28HH-t7 28HH-t2

SC 25II-e4 GA 27LL-l30 27LL-l5 29II-o1 26II-i3 26II-s5

29JJ-e11 28JJ-f4 26II-w16

28JJ-y2

27KK-x8

36R037 EXPLANATION 37Q185 29LL-11 36Q002 Storage coefficient 36Q008 36Q030 0.00001 to 0.0001 37Q010 37Q016 38Q115 0.0001 to 0.001 36Q331 0.001 to 0.01 CHATHAM N

Base modified from 0 5 10 MILES U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data 05 10 KILOMETERS

Figure 6b. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Chatham County, Georgia, and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, South Carolina. 18 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

33H100 34H392 34H427 34H412 34H449 34H133 34H132 34H469 34H425 33H133 34J001 34H424 34H062 34H374 34H076 34H078 32J002 34H401 34J009 34H344 N GLYNN 34H125 34H085 33H052 Brunswick 33H078 34H328 35H012 34H371 32H026 33H036 34H100 34H097 32H024 35H037

33H003 34H205 0 1 2 MILES N 34G017

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

0 5 10 MILES 34G013 EXPLANATION 0 5 10 KILOMETERS Storage coefficient Base modified from U.S. Geological 0.000001 to 0.00001 Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data 0.0001 to 0.001 0.001 to 0.01

Figure 6c. Storage coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Glynn County, Georgia.

Based on Spechler’s (1994) remarks, the transmissivity at these sivity comparable to southern Florida’s “boulder zone,” which multi-aquifer wells is assumed to be mostly representative of Meyer (1974) reported to be greater than 3,000,000 ft2/d. the Lower Floridan aquifer (fig. 7c). Transmissivity at these 2 multi-aquifer wells ranges from 2,100 ft /d in well D-168, to Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity 200,000 ft2/d in well M503 (Appendix A, fig. 7c). The higher transmissivities in Duval County, Fla., likely are dependent on Estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity for the study whether a solution feature is present in the vicinity of the well area are sparse and restricted to the Brunswick, Ga., area (Wait, (G.G. Phelps, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 2002). 1965; Wait and Gregg, 1973), the Savannah River Site area Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan aquifer are (Bledsoe, 1988; Leeth and others, 1996), the Savannah–Hilton limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale Counties, Head Island area (Counts and Donsky, 1963; Furlow, 1969), S.C., and to six estimates from multi-aquifer wells in Duval and the Port Royal Sound area (Smith, 1994). Clarke and others County, Fla. (Appendix A, fig. 8). For the South Carolina tests, (1990) summarized data for the Brunswick and Savannah, Ga., the storage coefficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004, indicative areas and related values to more-current hydrogeologic nomen- of a confined aquifer (Lohman, 1972; Heath, 1983). The storage clature. Vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for both confining coefficients for the multi-aquifer Upper and Lower Floridan units and aquifer units are listed in table 1, and locations are wells in Duval County, Fla., range from 0.00002 to 0.02, with shown in figure 9; values are plotted graphically by hydrogeo- the latter value higher than the range generally cited for a con- logic unit in figure 10. fined aquifer (Lohman, 1972; Heath, 1983). In the Brunswick, Thirty-nine measurements of vertical hydraulic conductivity Ga., area, a similar wide range of storage-coefficient values for for the Upper Floridan confining unit were compiled from core- the Upper Floridan aquifer were attributed to either pumping permeameter analysis of samples collected at 17 sites, 12 of interferences during testing or to leakage from deeper zones which are offshore of Tybee Island, Ga., and Hilton Head (Jones and Maslia, 1994). Island, S.C. (table 1, fig. 9). Vertical hydraulic conductivity Although transmissivity and storage-coefficient data are ranges from 0.000232 ft/d at well BFT-2249 to slightly greater unavailable for the Fernandina permeable zone of the Lower than 3 ft/d at well BFT-1676, both of which are located offshore Floridan aquifer, borehole-geophysical logs from wells in the of Hilton Head Island, S.C. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of Brunswick, Ga., and Fernandina Beach, Fla., areas, show that the Upper Floridan confining unit at Brunswick, Glynn County, large cavities are present in this zone, suggesting high transmis- Ga., is represented by a single value of 0.0107 ft/d at well sivity (Krause and Randolph, 1989; Jones and others, 2002; 34H337 (table 1). In the Savannah River Site area, vertical hydrau- Phelps and Spechler, 1997). Krause and Randolph (1989) sug- lic conductivity of the confining unit at three sites ranges from gested that the Fernandina permeable zone may have transmis- 0.00037 ft/d at well BW-314 to 0.00257 ft/d at well BW-375. Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 19

32X-d1 32X-g2 Approximate See below 31X-m5 Glascock Bamberg northern limit 26AA03 31Y-q1 25Z003 29Y004 31Z110 Barnwell 31Z-t1 of Floridan Jefferson 31Z009 See below aquifer system 22Y007 26Y002 29Y002 32Y033 30AA-c4 22Y008 26X002 Burke Colleton 28W005 33X037 23X034 26W001 Allendale Washington 27DD-b1 Jenkins Hampton Screven Wilkinson SC Johnson GA Twiggs Beaufort A. Emanuel Jasper Houston Bleckley Laurens 19T006 Treutlen Candler Effingham 17T001 18S015 Bulloch

18S012 Evans 16S002 Pulaski Dodge Toombs Chatham Wheeler Dooly Bryan

Montgomery Tattnall 36Q330 Wilcox Crisp Telfair Liberty 35P109 Jeff Appling Turner Ben Hill Davis Long

Irwin 35L085 B. Bacon Wayne Tift Coffee McIntosh Savannah 34W-s4 River Site 37W-x1 Pierce BARNWELL Atkinson Glynn 34X-u1 Berrien 37X-w1 Brantley 35Y-c7 Ware 35Y-b8 Cook 37Y-f2 38Y-h6 37Y-g2 35Y-c4 Lanier 37Y-g3

Clinch Camden Lowndes Charlton 33Z-n1 33E039 372-q3

33D073 33Z-y1 Echols 36AA-o1 35AA-q7 Naval 34AA-q2 GA Nassau 35AA-q8 34AA-q3 N Submarine 34AA-x4 Hamilton FL Base 33AA-y5 Kings Bay 34AA-y5 Duval 33BB-p1 ALLENDALE 0 15 30 MILES Columbia Baker See below

015 30 KILOMETERS

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data Duval 16 D-330 Duval 15 PW-2 D-226 Well H D-168 Well A EXPLANATION D-100 C. Duval 14 Jacksonville Transmissivity in D-240 Duval 10 Duval 11 D52A Duval 13 square feet per day D-162 D2223 100 to 500 West Well Duval 19 D-53A Duval 7 Duval 4 Duval 5 500 to 1,000 Duval 8 Duval 3 DUVAL Duval 6 Well 3 Duval 1 1,000 to 10,000 Duval 2 10,000 to 100,000 0 5 10 MILES M505 100,000 to 1,000,000 M503 0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Figure 7. Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in (A ) coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida; (B ) Barnwell and Allendale Counties, South Carolina; and (C ) multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida. 20 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

SOUTH Savannah River Site GEORGIA CAROLINA EXPLANATION Storage coefficient 0.00001 to 0.0001 BARNWELL 0.0001 to 0.001 Greater than 0.01 37X-w1 FLORIDA

35AA-q8 35AA-q7 PW-2

ALLENDALE Well H Well A

DUVAL

Well 3

N 0 10 20 MILES Base modified from U.S. M505 Geological Survey M503 010 20 KILOMETERS 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

Figure 8. Storage coefficient of the Lower Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units in Allendale and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina, and at multi-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers in Duval County, Florida.

In addition to vertical hydraulic conductivity values compiled values occur where dissolution of rock has produced from core samples, Hayes (1979) estimated values for the secondary permeability. Upper Floridan confining unit in Beaufort County, S.C., based At Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., upper and lower water- on aquifer-test results analyzed using the Hantush–Jacob leaky bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer are separated by aquifer analysis method (Hantush and Jacob, 1955). Although a semiconfining unit consisting of low-permeability limestone exact locations of well sites were not provided in the Hayes (Wait and Gregg, 1973). Vertical hydraulic conductivity for (1979) report, estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity range this unit was determined at three sites and ranges from from 0.005 ft/d at the Port Royal Clay Company in Port Royal, 0.000008 ft/d at well 34H337, to 0.000134 ft/d at well 33H115 S.C., to 0.015 ft/d at the Burton wellfield at Burton, S.C. Hayes (table 1, figs. 9–10). (1979) concluded that an average vertical hydraulic conductiv- Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan ity for this unit for Beaufort and Jasper Counties, S.C., would be confining unit was compiled from 10 samples at 9 sites, most of 0.001 ft/d. Estimated vertical hydraulic conductivities reported which are located in Barnwell County, S.C., in the vicinity of by Hayes (1979) likely are somewhat higher than actual values the Savannah River Site in the northeastern part of the study because the Hantush–Jacob method does not distinguish area (table 1, figs. 9–10). Near the Savannah River Site, values between leakage coming from units above or below an aquifer. for the Lower Floridan (Gordon) confining unit range from Thus, it is possible that some of the leakage was derived from 0.00022 ft/d at well BW-379 to 0.16 ft/d at well BW-243 underlying units. (table 1, fig. 9). Elsewhere, vertical hydraulic conductivity for Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan this unit is 0.000004 ft/d at well 34H337 at Brunswick, Ga., and aquifer was compiled for five sites, three of which are located 0.000668 ft/d at well 36R006 near Savannah, Chatham County, in the Brunswick, Glynn County, Ga., area (table 1, figs. 9–10). Ga. (table 1, fig. 9). Reported vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges from Only one estimate for the Lower Floridan aquifer is 0.00134 ft/d at well 33H115 to 160.4 ft/d at well 34H337. available at a well at Brunswick, Ga. (table 1, fig. 9). At well Lower vertical hydraulic conductivity was measured in parts of 34H337, the vertical hydraulic conductivity is 5.3 ft/d at a the aquifer that are dominated by matrix permeability; higher depth of 1,490–1,503 ft below land surface; this value is comparable to values for the Upper Floridan aquifer. Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System 21

Savannah River Site

BW-308 BW-375 BW-391 BARNWELL BW-246 BW-379 BW-243

BW-316 BW-314 BW-335

BURKE 32Y020

SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA

BEAUFORT

BFT-1677 BFT-1680 BFT-1674 BFT-1672 BFT-1809 GLYNN BFT-1676 BFT-1679 BFT-1675 BFT-2297 34H132 36R006 33H115 34H337 BFT-2295 BFT-2250 BFT-2249 CHATHAM 38P015

0 10 20 MILES EXPLANATION 34H337 010 20 KILOMETERS Well and site name N Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data

Figure 9. Location of sites with vertical hydraulic-conductivity data for the Floridan aquifer system, Burke, Chatham, and Glynn Counties, Georgia, and Barnwell and Beaufort Counties, South Carolina. 22 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

UPPER FLORIDAN CONFINING UNIT

UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER

SEMICONFINING UNIT (Brunswick area only)

LOWER FLORIDAN CONFINING UNIT

LOWER FLORIDAN AQUIFER

0 .000001 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000 VERTICAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, IN FEET PER DAY

Figure 10. Distribution of vertical hydraulic conductivity for selected hydrogeologic units of Floridan aquifer system.

SUMMARY Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan aquifer vary greatly in the study area owing to the heterogeneity (and locally The Coastal Sound Science Initiative is a series of scientific to anisotropy) of the aquifer and to the confinement (or lack and feasibility studies to support development of the State of thereof) provided by confining units. Transmissivity of the Georgia’s final strategy to protect the Upper Floridan aquifer Upper Floridan aquifer and equivalent clastic units was from saltwater contamination. To support this effort, detailed determined at 239 wells and ranges from 530 feet squared per 2 2 information regarding the hydraulic properties of Floridan day (ft /d) in Beaufort County, S.C., to 600,000 ft /d in Coffee aquifer system and equivalent clastic sediments in a 67-county County, Ga. In carbonate rocks of the lower Coastal Plain, area of coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and transmissivity of the Upper Floridan aquifer generally is greater 2 2 Florida were compiled and evaluated to provide data necessary than 20,000 ft /d, with values exceeding 100,000 ft /d in the for development of ground-water flow and solute-transport southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area (generally models. Data include transmissivity at 324 wells, storage the area of greatest aquifer thickness). Transmissivity of the 2 coefficient at 115 wells, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of Upper Floridan aquifer generally is less than 10,000 ft /d north 72 core samples collected from 27 sites. of the Gulf Trough where sediments comprising the aquifer, or In the upper Coastal Plain, sediments equivalent to the its equivalents, are thin and consist largely of clastic sediments, Floridan aquifer consist of thin clastic sediments; in the lower and in the vicinity of the Gulf Trough where low-permeability Coastal Plain, the aquifers consist of a thick accumulation of rocks and sediments are present. carbonate rocks that commonly have solution features and in Large variability in transmissivity in Camden and Glynn some places have fractures. Prominent structural features in the Counties, Ga., and Nassau County, Fla., indicates anisotropic area—the Southeast Georgia Embayment, the Beaufort Arch, distribution of hydraulic properties, which may result from and the Gulf Trough—influence the thickness and hydraulic fractures or solution openings in the carbonate rocks. Storage properties of sediments comprising the hydrogeologic units. coefficient of the Upper Floridan aquifer was determined at The Southeast Georgia Embayment is a shallow east-to- 106 wells and ranges from about 0.00004 in well 27HH-o3 in northeast-plunging syncline in which Coastal Plain deposits are Beaufort County, S.C., to 0.04 in well 1 in Baker County, Fla. thickest in the study area. In the vicinity of the Beaufort Arch, Although higher storage coefficients normally would be centered near Hilton Head Island, S.C., Coastal Plain deposits expected in updip areas where the aquifer is semiconfined or are thinner and are at shallower depths than near the Southeast unconfined, high storage coefficients have been reported in Georgia Embayment. The Gulf Trough is a zone of relatively some downdip areas where the aquifer is deeply buried and thick accumulations of fine-grained clastic sediments and confined. In the Brunswick, Ga., area, previous investigators argillaceous carbonates in which permeability and thickness of attributed a wide range of storage-coefficient values either to Coastal Plain deposits are low. pumping interferences during aquifer tests or to leakage from deeper zones. Selected References 23

Transmissivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer and permeability; higher values occur where dissolution has pro- equivalent updip clastic units was determined at 53 wells, duced secondary permeability. Vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from about 170 ft2/d in Barnwell County, S.C., to about for the semiconfining unit separating the upper and lower 43,000 ft2/d in Camden County, Ga. Transmissivity of the water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer at Brun- Lower Floridan aquifer is greatest where the aquifer is swick, Ga., range from 0.000008 to 0.000134 ft/d. thickest—in southeastern Georgia and northeastern Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan Florida—where estimates of transmissivity are greater than confining unit was determined from 10 samples at nine sites, 10,000 ft2/d and in one well where the value is as high as most of which are located in the vicinity of the Savannah River 200,000 ft2/d. Although no aquifer tests were conducted in Site in the northeastern part of the study area. In this area, values wells completed solely in the Lower Floridan aquifer in for the Lower Floridan (Gordon) confining unit range from northeastern Florida, it is likely that transmissivity of this 0.00022 to 0.16 ft/d. Elsewhere, vertical hydraulic conductivity aquifer is high, possibly exceeding 100,000 ft2/d. Trans- for this unit is 0.000004 ft/d at one well at Brunswick, Ga., and missivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer in northeastern Florida 0.000668 ft/d at one well near Savannah, Ga. The vertical was estimated from tests conducted in multi-aquifer production hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan aquifer measured wells located in Duval County, Fla., that are open to the Upper in a core sample collected from a well at Brunswick, Ga., is Floridan aquifer and to a high-permeability freshwater zone at 5.3 ft/d; this value is comparable to values for the Upper the top of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity at these Floridan aquifer. multi-aquifer wells ranges from 2,100 to 200,000 ft2/d, with larger transmissivities dependent on whether a solution feature is present in the vicinity of the well. SELECTED REFERENCES Storage-coefficient data for the Lower Floridan aquifer are limited to three estimates in Barnwell and Allendale Counties, S.C., and to estimates determined from six multi-aquifer tests in Applied Coastal Research Laboratory, 2002, Gulf Trough and Satilla Line data analysis: Georgia Geologic Survey Project Duval County, Fla. In the South Carolina tests, the storage coef- Report 48, variously paged. ficient ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0004 and is indicative of a confined aquifer. The storage-coefficient values at the combined Aucott, W.R., and Newcome, Roy, Jr., 1986, Selected aquifer Upper and Lower Floridan wells in Duval County, Fla., ranges test information for the Coastal Plain aquifers of South from 0.00002 to 0.02, with the latter value higher than the range Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources generally cited for a confined aquifer. In the Brunswick, Ga., Investigations Report 86-4159, 30 p. area, previous investigators attributed a similar wide range in Bentall, Ray, 1963a, Methods of determining permeability, storage coefficient for the Upper Floridan aquifer either to transmissibility, and drawdown: U.S. Geological Survey pumping interferences during aquifer tests or to leakage of Water-Supply Paper 1536-I, 104 p. water from deeper zones. Bentall, Ray, 1963b, Shortcuts and special problems in aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1545-C, Thirty-nine measurements of vertical hydraulic 117 p. conductivity for the Upper Floridan confining unit were determined from core-permeameter analysis of samples Bentley, C.B., 1977a, Surface-water and ground-water features, collected from 17 sites, most of which are located at Tybee Clay County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Island, Ga., and offshore of Hilton Head Island, S.C. Vertical Resources Investigations Report 77-87, 59 p. hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.000232 feet per day (ft/d) Bentley, C.B., 1977b, Aquifer-test analysis for the Floridan to slightly greater than 3 ft/d at 13 sites located at Tybee Island, aquifer in Flagler, Putnam, and St. Johns Counties, Florida: Ga., and offshore of Hilton Head Island, S.C; is 0.0107 ft/d at U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 77-36, 50 p. 1 site in Brunswick, Ga.; and ranges from 0.00037 to Bentley, C.B., 1979, Aquifer coefficients determined from multiple well effects, Fernandina Beach, Florida: Ground 0.00257 ft/d at 3 sites in the vicinity of the Savannah River Site. Water, v. 17, no. 6, p. 525–531. In addition to values determined from core samples, vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan confining unit in Bledsoe, H.W., 1988, SRP baseline hydrogeologic Beaufort County, S.C., was estimated by a previous investigator investigation – Phase III: Aiken, S.C., E.I. duPont de using the Hantush–Jacob leaky aquifer analysis method— Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, DPST-88-627, variously paged. estimates range from 0.005 ft/d at Port Royal, S.C., to 0.015 ft/d at Burton, S.C; however, these estimates likely are high due to Brooks, Rebekah, Clarke, J.S., and Faye, R.E., 1985, leakage of water from underlying units. Hydrogeology of the Gordon aquifer system of east-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 75, Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Upper Floridan aqui- 41 p. fer was determined at five sites, mostly located in the Brun- swick, Ga., area, ranging from 0.00134 ft/d to 160 ft/d. Lower Burt, R.A., Belval, D.L., Crouch, M.S., and Hughes, W.B., 1987, Geohydrologic data from Port Royal Sound, Beaufort vertical hydraulic conductivity was measured in samples col- County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File lected from parts of the aquifer that are dominated by matrix Report 86-497, 67 p. 24 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Bush, P.W., 1988, Simulation of saltwater movement in the Counts, H.B., and Donsky, Ellis, 1963, Salt-water Floridan aquifer system, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina: encroachment, geology, and ground-water resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2331, 19 p. Savannah area, Georgia and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Bush, P.W., and Johnston, R.H., 1988, Ground-water Survey Water-Supply Paper 1611, 100 p. hydraulics, regional flow, and ground-water development of Dyar, T.R., Tasker, G.D., and Wait, R.L., 1972, Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia the Riceboro area, coastal Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Final Report To Georgia Water Quality Control Board and Paper 1403-C, 80 p. Interstate Paper Corporation, 74 p. Ceryak, Ron, Knapp, M.S., and Burnson, Terry, 1983, The Falls, W.F., Baum, J.S., Harrelson, L.G., and Brown, L.H., geology and water resources of the upper Suwannee River 1997, Geology and hydrogeology of Cretaceous and Tertiary Basin, Florida: Florida Bureau of Geology Report of strata, and confinement in the vicinity of the U.S. Department Investigations No. 87, 165 p. of Energy Savannah River Site, South Carolina and Georgia: Clark, W.Z, and Zisa, A.C., 1976, Physiographic map of U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Georgia: Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Report 97-4245, 125 p. Geologic Survey Branch, Atlanta, Georgia. 1 map, scale Faye, R.E., and Mayer, G.C., 1996, Simulation of ground-water 1:2,000,000. flow in southeastern Coastal Plain clastic aquifers in Georgia Clarke, J.S., 2003, The surficial and Brunswick aquifer and adjacent parts of Alabama and South Carolina: U.S. systems—alternative ground-water resources for coastal Geological Survey Professional Paper 1410-F, 77 p. Georgia, in, Hatcher, K.J., ed., Proceedings of the 2003 Faye, R.E., and McFadden, K.W., 1986, Hydraulic Georgia Water Resources Conference, held April 23–24, characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary 2003, at the University of Georgia: Institute of Ecology, the clastic aquifers – eastern Alabama, Georgia, and western University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, p. 664–671. South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Clarke, J.S., Falls, W.F., Edwards, L.E., Frederiksen, N.O., Investigations Report 86-4210, 22 p. Bybell, L.M., Gibson, T.G., and Litwin, R.J., 1994, Faye, R.E., and Smith, W.G., 1994, Relations of borehole Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data for a multi- geophysics to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity and aquifer system in Coastal Plain sediments near Millers Pond, dissolved-solids concentration in water of clastic Coastal Burke County, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Plain aquifers in the Southeastern United States: U.S. Information Circular 96, 34 p. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2414, 33 p. Clarke, J.S., Falls, W.F., Edwards, L.E., Frederiksen, N.O., Ferris, J.G., Knowles, D.B., Brown, R.H., and Stallman, R.W., Bybell, L.M., Gibson, T.G., Gohn, G.S., and Fleming, 1962, Theory of aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Farley, 1996, Hydrogeologic data and aquifer inter- Supply Paper 1536-E, 174 p. connection in a multi-aquifer system in Coastal Plain Furlow, J.W., 1969, Stratigraphy and economic geology of the sediments near Millhaven, Screven Co., Georgia: Georgia eastern Chatham County phosphate deposit: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 99, 43 p. Department of Mines, Mining, and Geology Bulletin 82, Clarke, J.S., Hacke, C.M., and Peck, M.F., 1990, Geology and 40 p. ground-water resources of the coastal area of Georgia: Gawne, C.E., and Park, A.D., 1992, Water-supply potential of Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 113, 106 p. the middle Floridan aquifer in southern Beaufort County, Clarke, J.S., and Krause, R.E., 2000, Design, revision, and South Carolina (report to the Town of Hilton Head Island application of ground-water flow models for simulation of Water Commission): South Carolina Water Resources selected water-management scenarios in the coastal area of Commission, Beaufort, S.C., 34 p. Georgia and adjacent parts of South Carolina and Florida: Gelbaum, Carol, 1978, The geology and ground water of the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Gulf Trough, in Short Contributions to the geology of Report 00-4084, 93 p. Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 93, p. 38–49. Clarke, J.S., and West, C.T., 1998, Simulation of ground-water Georgia Environmental Protection Division, 1997, Interim flow and stream-aquifer relations in the vicinity of the strategy for managing saltwater intrusion in the Upper Savannah River Site, Georgia and South Carolina, Floridan aquifer of southeast Georgia, April 23, 1997: predevelopment through 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Atlanta, Ga., Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4062, 134 p. 19 p. Cooper, H.H., and Jacob, C.E., 1946, A generalized graphical Gregg, D.O., and Zimmerman, E.A., 1974, Geologic and method for evaluating formation constants and summarizing hydrologic control of chloride contamination in aquifers at well field history: Transactions American Geophysical Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Water- Union, v. 27, no. 4, p. 526–534. Supply Paper 2029-D, 44 p. Cooper, H.H., and Warren, M.A., 1945, The perennial yield of Hantush, M.S., 1960, Modification of the theory of leaky artesian water in the coastal area of Georgia and northeastern aquifers: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 65, no. 11, Florida: Economic Geology, v. XL, no. 4, p. 263–282. p. 3713–3725. Selected References 25

Hantush, M.S., and Jacob, C.E., 1955, Non-steady radial flow Lohman, S.W., 1972, Ground-water hydraulics: U.S. in an infinite leaky aquifer: Transactions American Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, 70 p. Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 1, p. 95–100. Maslia, M.L., 1987, Regional and local tensor components of a Harrelson, L.G., and Falls, W.F., 2003, Hydrogeology and fractured carbonate aquifer: in Farmer, I.W., Daemen, J.J.K., aquifer tests in the Floridan aquifer system at selected sites, Desai, C.S., Glass, C.E., and Neuman, S.P., eds., Proceedings coastal Georgia, 2001, in Leeth, D.C., Clarke, J.S., Craigg, of the 28th U.S. Symposium on rock mechanics, University S.D., and Wipperfurth, C.J., 2003, Ground-water conditions of Arizona, June 29–July 1, 1987, p. 441–452. and studies in Georgia, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Maslia, M.L., and Prowell, D.C., 1990, Effects of faults on fluid Resources Investigations Report 03-4032, p. 82-87. flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer Hayes, L.R., 1979, The ground-water resources of Beaufort, system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, nos. 1–4, p. 1–49. Colleton, Hampton, and Jasper Counties, South Carolina: Matthews, S.E., and Krause, R.E., 1984, Hydrogeologic data South Carolina Water Resources Commission Report No. 9, from the U.S. Geological Survey test wells near Waycross, 91 p. Ware County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Heath, R.C., 1983, Basic ground-water hydrology: U.S. Resources Investigations Report 83-4204, 29 p. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2220, 85 p. McCollum, M.J., and Counts, H.B., 1964, Relation of salt-water Jacob, C.E., 1963, Correction of drawdowns caused by a encroachment to the major aquifer zones, Savannah area, pumped well tapping less than the full thickness of an Georgia and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water- aquifer: in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Supply Paper 1613-D, 26 p. 1536-I, p. 272–292. McConnell, J.B., and Hacke, C.M., 1993, Hydrogeology, water Jones, L.E., and Maslia, M.L., 1994, Selected ground-water quality, and water-resources development potential of the data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan Upper Floridan aquifer in the Valdosta area, south-central aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area: U.S. Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-520, 107 p. Investigations Report 93-4044, 44 p. Jones, L.E., Prowell, D.C., and Maslia, M.L., 2002, McFadden, S.S., Hetrick, J.H., Kellam, M.F., Rodenback, S.A., Hydrogeology and water quality (1978) of the Floridan and Huddlestun, P.F., 1986, Geologic data of the Gulf aquifer system at U.S. Geological Survey Test Well 26, on Trough area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Colonels Island, near Brunswick, Georgia: U.S. Geological Circular 56, 345 p. Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4020, Meyer, F.W., 1962, Reconnaissance of the geology and ground- 44 p. water resources of Columbia County, Florida: Florida Kellam, M.F., and Gorday, L.L., 1990, Hydrogeology of the Geological Survey Report of Investigations No. 30, 74 p. Gulf Trough – Apalachicola embayment area, Georgia: Meyer, F.W., 1974, Evaluation of the hydraulic characteristics Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 94, 74 p. of a deep artesian aquifer from natural water-level Krause, R.E., and Randolph, R.B., 1989, Hydrology of the fluctuations, Miami, Florida: Florida Bureau of Geology Floridan aquifer system in southeast Georgia and adjacent Report of Investigations 75, 32 p. parts of Florida and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan Professional Paper 1403-D, 65 p. aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, Kruseman, G.P., and de Ritter, N.A., 1994, Analysis and and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional evaluation of pumping test data: Publication 47, International Paper 1403-B, 91 p. Institute For Land Reclamation and Improvement, The Miller, J.A., Hughes, G.H., Hull, R.W., Vecchioli, John, and Netherlands, 377 p. Seaber, P.R., 1978, Impact of phosphate mining on the Leeth, D.C., Falls, W.F., Edwards, L.E., Fredricksen, N.O., and hydrology of Osceola National Forest, Florida: U.S. Fleming, R.F., 1996, Geologic, hydrologic, and water- Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report chemistry data for a multi-aquifer system in Coastal Plain 78-6, 159 p. sediments near Girard, Burke County, Georgia: Georgia Moore, Jerry, Benson, S.M., Snipes, D.S., Daggett, John, Geologic Survey Information Circular 100, 26 p. James, April, Kroening, David, Price, Sarah, Price, Van, Jr., Leve, G.W., 1966, Ground water in Duval and Nassau and Temples, Thomas, 1993, Characterization of aquifer Counties, Florida: Florida Geological Survey Report of properties in Coastal Plain sediments in Burke County, Investigations no. 43, 91 p. Georgia: Southeastern Section Meeting Geological Society Leve, G.W., 1983, Relation of concealed faults to water quality of America, March 1993, Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, and the formation of solution features in the Floridan aquifer, no. 4., p. 58. northeastern Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 61, no. 4, Neuman, S.P., and Witherspoon, P.A., 1969, Applicability of p. 251–264. current theories of flow in leaky aquifers: Water Resources Logan, W.R., and Euler, G.M., 1989, Geology and ground-water Research, v. 5, no. 4, p. 817–829. resources of Allendale, Bamburg, and Barnwell Counties and Newcome, Roy, Jr., 1993, Pumping tests of the Coastal Plain part of Aiken County South Carolina: South Carolina Water aquifers in South Carolina: South Carolina Water Resources Resources Commission Report Number 155, 113 p. Commission Report 174, 52 p. 26 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System

Newcome, Roy, Jr., 2000, Results of pumping tests in the Snipes, D.S., Benson, S.M., and Price, Van, Jr., 1995b, Coastal Plain of South Carolina: South Carolina Department Hydrologic properties of aquifers in the central Savannah of Natural Resources Water-Resources Open-File Report 5, River area—Volume 2: Clemson, S.C., Department of 26 p. Geological Sciences, Clemson University, 204 p. Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., Williams, R.A., Pratt, T.L., Spechler, R.M., 1994, Saltwater intrusion and quality of water Toth, T.J., and Spechler, R.M., 1999, Shallow high- in the Floridan aquifer system, Northeastern Florida: U.S. resolution seismic-reflection imaging of karst structures Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report within the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida: 92-4174, 76 p. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, v. 4, Spechler, R.M., 2001, The relation between structure and no. 4, p. 251–261. saltwater intrusion in the Floridan aquifer system, Phelps, G.G., and Spechler, R.M., 1997, The relation between northeastern Florida: in U. S. Geological Survey Karst hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Interest Group Proceedings, St. Petersburg, Florida, Feb. 13– aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for 16, 2001, p. 25–29. monitoring saline water movement: U.S. Geological Survey Spechler, R.M., and Wilson, W.L., 1997, Stratigraphy and Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4242, 58 p. hydrogeology of a submarine collapse structure on the Price, Van, Jr., Fallaw, W.C., and McKinney, J.B., 1991, continental shelf, northeastern Florida: in Proceedings of Geologic setting of the new production reactor reference site Sixth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes, within the Savannah River Site (U): Aiken, S.C., Springfield, Missouri, April 6–9, 1997, p. 61–66. Westinghouse Savannah River Company, report no. Szell, G.P., 1993, Aquifer characteristics in the St. Johns River WRSC-RP-91-96-EHS-EM, 80 p. Water Management District, Florida: St. Johns River Water Prowell, D.C., 1985, Index of faults of Cretaceous and Management District Technical Publication SJ93-1, 495 p. Cenozoic age in the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Theis, C.V., 1935, The relation between the lowering of the Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1269. piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of Randolph, R.B., Krause, R.E., and Maslia, M.L., 1985, a well using groundwater storage: Transactions American Comparison of aquifer characteristics derived from local Geophysical Union, v. 16, part 2, p. 519–524. and regional aquifer tests: Ground Water, v. 23, no. 38, Vincent, H.R., 1982, Geohydrology of the Jacksonian aquifer in p. 309–316. central and east-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Randolph, R.B., Pernik, Maribeth, and Garza, Reggina, 1991, Hydrologic Atlas 8, 3 sheets. Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer system in the Wait, R.L., 1965, Geology and occurrence of fresh and brackish coastal area of Georgia—a digital model approach: Georgia ground water in Glynn County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Geologic Survey Bulletin 116, 30 p. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-E, 94 p. Ransom, Camille, III, and White, J.I., 1999, Potentiometric Wait, R.L., and Davis, M.E., 1986, Configuration and surface of the Floridan aquifer system in southern South hydrology of the pre-Cretaceous rocks underlying the Carolina: South Carolina Dept. of Health and Environmental Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Control Bureau of Water Publication No. 02B-99, 1 sheet. Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4010, Sever, C.W., 1969, Hydraulics of aquifers at Alapaha, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,000,000. Coolidge, Fitzgerald, Montezuma, and Thomasville, Wait, R.L., and Gregg, D.O., 1973, Hydrology and chloride Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 36, contamination of the principal artesian aquifer in Glynn 16 p. County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Natural Resources Sever, C.W., 1972, Ground-water resources and geology of Hydrologic Report, 93 p. Cook County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Warner, Debbie, and Aulenbach, B.T., 1999, Hydraulic Report, 40 p. characteristics of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Savannah and Singh, U.P., Eichler, G.E., Sproul, C.R., and Garcia- St Marys, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Bengochea, J.I., 1983, Pump-testing the Boulder Zone, South Circular 105, 23 p. Florida: American Society of Civil Engineering, Journal of Warren, M.A., 1944, Artesian water in southeastern Georgia: the Hydraulics Division, v. 109, no. 8, p. 1152–1160. Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin No. 49, 140 p. Smith, B.S., 1994, Saltwater movement in the Upper Floridan Weems, R.E., and Edwards, L.E., 2001, Geology of Oligocene, aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina: U.S. Miocene, and younger deposits in the coastal area of Georgia: Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2421, 40 p. Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 131, 124 p. Snipes, D.S., Benson, S.M., and Price, Van, Jr., 1995a, Whiting, N.M., and Park, A.D., 1990, Preliminary investigation Hydrologic properties of aquifers in the central Savannah of water-level declines in wells near Estill, Hampton County, River area—Volume 1: Clemson, S.C., Department of South Carolina, Spring, 1990: South Carolina Water Geological Sciences, Clemson University, 353 p. Resources Commission Report No. 37, 18 p. APPENDIX A

Appendix A 29 /d; 2 /d; 2 /d pumped /d pumped 2 /d in /d, S = 0.01 for for S = 0.01 /d, 2 /d when pumped pumped /d when 2 T, transmissivity; 2 /d when pumped pumped when /d 2 Remarks quifer analysis; L, leaky quifer observation well observation at a for slightly higher rate but a shorter time period at a lower rate at a lower value presented thatobtained is value period pumping longest the for at a higher forrate abut shorter time period observation well) observation T = 14,000 ft T = 14,000 (1988) ft = 25,000 (T value presented thatobtained is value fromlongest pumping period S = 0.08 ifdata recovery used, Johnston Also cited in Bush and ft 4,500 T of ft when 24,000 of T T range of 19,000 to 39,000 ft ft to 5,800 4,200 of T range ft 12,000 of T well from observation S value parentheses indicates a clastic de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical de Ritter, 1994); a strict; S, storage; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit UF,LF Hydrologic ina. Method: NL, nonleaky ina. Method: a do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Reference r Water Management Di r Water SJWMD, written commun., 2002 (1978) Spechler (1997) SJWMD, written commun., 2002 P. Presley, (1962) Meyer others Miller and Phelps and P. Presley, fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed hydrologic fers; L SL SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and (Kruseman and s of oscillating flow Method astic units, coastal Georgia .0008 .00007 .006 0.04 Storage Storage GA, Carol Georgia; SC, South coefficient /d) 2 , seconds; Rive SJWMD, St. Johns " 4,000 5,800 2,100 (ft Upper Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Trans- 15,000 36,000 33,000 15,000 83,000 27,000 20,000 14,000 21,000 20,000 missivity 650 275 262 970 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,365 1,356 1,296 1,211 1,200 1,286 1,320 1,362 1,309 interval Bottom of ytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysi Floridanand aquifers equivalent cl l Resources. State: FL, Florida; FL, State: Resources. l 480 157 160 553 519 open Top of Top Below land surfaceBelow land interval (ft) Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; , straight line anal 82°05'10" 82°37'25" 82°35'04" 81°41'10" 81°41'10" 81°39'37" 81°39'25" 81°47'14" 81°39'35" 81°41'00" 81°41'22" 81°41'23" 81°32'26" Longitude foot/day/foot; °, degrees; °, degrees; foot/day/foot;

Latitude 30°17'53" 30°11'10" 30°19'34" 30°21'07" 30°21'27" 30°25'27" 30°25'32" 30°19'37" 30°18'40" 30°21'12" 30°21'22" 30°21'07" 30°14'33" h Carolina Department of Natura Department of h Carolina Florida

and

te Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, No. 2 Floridan ONF # 2, ONF # 2, Deerwood 3 D-100; 0308 D-100; 0603 D-226; 0601 D-330; 0302 D-168; 0303 D-240; 0301 D-162; UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; D-52A; 0304 D-52A; 5003 D-53A; Baker County County Baker D-2223; 0704 Enterprise East Lake City Well City Well Lake Other identifier Other Carolina

South Well 5706

Well 1 Well identifier 30110808 30193308 of

parts

Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, squared per day; /d, feet Baker Duval County 2 Columbia U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, Sout

adjacent

FL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State and Table A-1. ft foot; [ft, USGS, aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL capacity; based on specific SC, transmissivity analysis; aquifer unit: method not cited. Hydrologic aquifer equivalent to the carbona updip 30 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System /d /d; 2 2 /d and /d; 2 2 catesclastic a /d when pumped pumped /d when /d when pumped at /d when pumped at 2 2 2 Remarks aquifer analysis; L, leaky storage; T, transmissivity; transmissivity; T, storage; S of S of 0.0003 intermediate value presented intermediate value for a shorter duration at a duration a shorter for pumping rate slightly lower value presented is that obtained value period the longest pumping from observation well; leaky aquifer well; leaky observation well analysis at observation yields T of 24,000 ft pumping well, S from aquifer well; leaky observation ft 17,000 yields T of analysis 21,000 to 170,000ft a lower rate a lower rate fora lower a (slightly) longer timeperiod T analysis,from recovery S from at analysis drawdown T from ft of 10,000 T T range of 27,00061,000 to ft presented ranging from 3 values ft of 13,000 T T of21,000 ft parentheses indi de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical (?), 1994); de Ritter, a a do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit UF,LF UF,LF Hydrologic Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Management District; r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky SJWMD, written 2002 commun., Spechler (1997) P. Presley, Phelps and fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed fers; hydrologic SL SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and Method Reference .0003 0.0003 Storage Storage coefficient ida; GA, Georgia; SC, South /d) van der Kamp analysi 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive SJWMD, St. Johns , seconds; " 7,000 9,000 (ft Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Trans- 21,000 18,000 50,000 50,000 40,000 34,000 24,000 84,000 missivity 190,000 900 920 814 (ft) , minutes; , minutes; ' open open 1,276 1,104 1,350 1,170 1,280 1,257 1,210 1,093 interval Bottom of of Bottom ytical solution; V, Floridanand aquifers equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia l Resources.State: FL, Flor 430 425 461 569 606 578 580 530 570 545 440 open open Top of Below land surface Below land interval (ft) Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; 81°29'30" 81°29'25" 81°30'50" 81°35'45" 81°35'32" 81°35'38" 81°32'31" 81°41'18" 81°39'37" 81°39'25" 81°30'35" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; SL, straight line anal 30°19'40" 30°19'34" 30°17'25" 30°20'05" 30°20'07" 30°20'13" 30°20'45" 30°21'30" 30°25'14" 30°25'38" 30°17'43" rolina Department of Natura Department of rolina percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, ate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] D-1323 Ridenour Ridenour D-650; 5304 D-650; 5403 D-857; 5402 D-479; 5404 D-673; 0604 D-227; 0602 D-329; UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, UF, Upper D-46A; 0305 D-46A; D-3825; 5305 D-3825; Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude ity based on specific capacity; specific based on ity Well 5901 5903 Duval 1 Duval 2 Duval Duval 10 Duval 11 Duval 12 Duval 13 Duval 14 Duval 15 Duval 16 Duval identifier Transmissivity andTransmissivity storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, /d, feet squared per Duval 2 FL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County updip aquifer equivalent to the aquifer carbon updip aquifer analysis; SC, transmissiv Hydrologic unit: method not cited. Table A-1. A-1. Table and adjacent parts of South Carolinaand Florida—Continued ft foot; [ft, USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca Appendix A 31 /d) 2 /d 2 /d when pumped pumped when /d /d & S = 0.000033 /d & S = 0.000033 2 /d reported when when reported /d when reported /d 2 T, transmissivity; 2 2 Remarks /d & S = 0.00002 /d & S = 0.00002 2 aquifer analysis; L, leaky aquifer using Hantush analysis Hantush using for 0.5hours., a higher at rate pumping pumped at a lower rate a lower pumped at rate a lower pumped at T of 30,000 ft 30,000 of T well); for production given well yielded observation second ft 16,000 a T of well T (M503);value low of partial penetration reflects aquifer Floridan the Upper pumping well; for T provided “curve as cited method analysis matching” well (M504); observation well observation additional ft T (67,000 smaller yields ft 24,000 = T using Theis analysis, & T = analysis, Theis using ft 25,000 Based on 4 hours pumping; pumping; 4 hours Based on ft 15,000 of T ft 25,000 of T well (no T observation T from observation from values T & S T well;& no. S from observation obtained from values T & S T well;& S from observation parentheses indicates a clastic de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical de Ritter, 1994); a a strict; S, storage; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit UF,LF UF,LF Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: Spechler (1997) SJWMD, written commun., 2002 Phelps and P. Presley, fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed hydrologic fers; SL SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL NL(?) s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and (Kruseman and s of oscillating flow Method Reference astic units, coastal Georgia .002 .00002 .00015 0.007 Storage Storage coefficient orida; GA, Georgia; SC,Southorida; GA, Georgia; /d) 2 , seconds; Rive SJWMD, St. Johns " 9,000 (ft Upper Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Trans- 39,000 14,000 28,000 30,000 14,000 26,000 50,000 15,000 12,000 19,000 missivity 200,000 837 624 900 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,125 1,005 1,185 1,297 1,252 1,270 1,200 1,225 1,100 interval Bottom of ytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysi Floridanand aquifers equivalent cl 420 534 417 552 537 527 553 536 460 460 457 482 open Top of Top Below land surfaceBelow land interval (ft) Natural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. Natural Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; , straight line anal 81°30'39" 81°36'05" 81°30'39" 81°39'21" 81°38'39" 81°39'03" 81°47'06" 81°56'41" 81°38'04" 81°38'05" 81°38'07" 81°38'41" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; lina Department of 30°17'43" 30°17'52" 30°17'58" 30°18'39" 30°18'40" 30°18'48" 30°19'30" 30°19'22" 30°09'02" 30°08'59" 30°08'60" 30°09'05" tifier Latitude Longitude do. do. do. te Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, Branch JEA Brandy JEA Brandy D-223; 5301 D-223; 5203 D-649; 5303 D-665; 5002 D-198; UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; D-2684; 5502 D-2685; 5501 D-2283; 0703 Community Hall Other iden Other Well M501 M502 M503 M505 Duval 3 Duval 4 Duval 5 Duval 6 Duval 7 Duval 8 Duval 9 Duval East Well identifier Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, squared per day; /d, feet Duval 2 FL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County and adjacentSouth partsCarolina of and Florida—Continued ft foot; [ft, Table A-1. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Caro aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL capacity; based on specific SC, transmissivity analysis; aquifer unit: method not cited. Hydrologic aquifer equivalent to the carbona updip 32 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System /d) 2 /d; 2 /d /d 2 2 is; L, leaky cates a clastic /d at observation /d at observation /d) 2 2 /d for recovery well, /d for recovery data/d if recovery Remarks 2 2 /d & S = 0.0005 using using = 0.0005 S & /d /d). Leaky aquifer 2 2 aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical using Theim method Theim using at observation well (156,000 ft at observation well). observation well; additional observation = well yields T observation ft 24,000 well, S from pumping which also well, observation ft 32,000 yielded a T of well close; at T pumping ft well 22,000 observation ft = 14,000 (T well utilized; S from observation ft = 18,000 (T well using leaky aquifer solution. T solution. aquifer leaky using recovery production well is for T=9,200 drawdown ft T, utilized; S obtained from obser- T also of well (PW-1; vation ft 11,000 leaky aquifer analytical solution leaky T value high very yields solution method cited as “curve matching” T from recovery analysis, S from analysis, T from recovery ft T = 8,300 ft T = 8,400 analysis at T from recovery T & recovery from Drawdown well from observation S value analysis if recovery T = 15000 from observation T & S values parentheses indi parentheses a a strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. UF UF UF unit UF,LF UF,LF Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter (Kruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, SJWMD, written 2002 commun., P. Presley, fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in L SL do. do. do. do. NL NL(?) s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .02 .001 .0003 .002 .0005 .0005 0.0005 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia " 9,400 (ft Trans- 15,000 11,000 20,000 20,000 13,000 22,000 26,000 missivity tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 807 908 900 835 950 875 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,100 1,100 interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 565 600 620 400 347 514 514 353 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 81°32'09" 81°38'46" 81°38'35" 81°23'59" 81°25'49" 81°36'42" 81°36'49" 81°27'13" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 30°20'32" 30°26'09" 30°27'42" 30°17'26" 30°16'49" 30°15'08" 30°15'14" 30°15'41" Lower Floridan aquifers] cient of the Uppercient and Lower of Floridanaquifers , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina do. Road percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; Beach Bacardi Regional Beverages Jacksonville Jacksonville JEA Southeast Southeast JEA JEA San Pablo JEA Brierwood JEA Monument Monument JEA Anheuser-Busch ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Well PW-1 PW-2 MR-2 Well 2 Well 2 Well 3 Well nt to the carbonate Upper or Upper carbonate the nt to Well 15 Well identifier Well 5801 Well Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, Duval 2 FL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR and adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft updip aquifer equivale updip aquifer Appendix A 33 /d 2 clastic /d and /d & 2 2 is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a /d 2 Remarks /d). 2 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; T, transmissivity; storage; and 18,000 ft 18,000 and S of 0.000125 S of additional observation well additional observation ft 65,000 of yields T additional of 0.004 at (also S from well); T’s observation ft wells of 62,000 observation well additional observation ft yields T = 31,000 from S well, pumping aquifer well (leaky observation yields a of which T analysis, ft 19,000 S = 0.0004 S = T & S from observation well; T & S from observation well T & S from observation well from observation S value No analytical method cited test; aquifer well for Observation analysis at T from recovery parentheses indi a a do. do. do. do. UF UF unit UF,LF UF,LF Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, SJWMD, written 2002 commun., (1983) Aulenbach (1999) written Presley, P. 2002 commun., SJRWMD, written commun., 2002 P. Presley, Ceryak and others and Warner Szell (1993); also P. Presley, fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; L SL SL do. do. NL NL SL(?) s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .001 .0004 .001 .002 .0002 .0003 0.02 Storage coefficient /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " (ft Trans- 26,000 24,000 75,000 30,000 17,000 missivity 110,000 190,000 170,000 ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi UF,LF, Upper and Lo 750 805 567 900 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open 1,192 1,048 1,265 1,070 interval Bottom of 457 500 480 538 173 513 490 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu 81°31'27" 81°34'22" 81°31'33" 81°56'44" 82°51'51" 81°31'26" 81°28'37" 81°32'01" uifer; LF, Lower uifer; Floridan aquifer; 30°24'31" 30°28'04" 30°24'34" 30°19'20" 30°27'09" 30°39'39" 30°39'35" 30°37'22" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, Village Branch Regional Unnamed Unnamed JEA Yulee JEA Yulee JEA Brandy JEA Brandy Creek Chem. JEA Sheffield JEA Sheffield Gate Maritime Gate Maritime rolina and Florida—Continued Nassau County Production well Production PCS Phos. Swift ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude observation well in observation 3039350812837.01 the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well YO-1 Well A Well H Well 33DN20 Nassau 1 Nassau identifier West Well Well D101 Well 011436008 Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, Duval 2 Nassau Hamilton FL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. method Table A-1. and adjacentparts of South Ca [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 34 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic Remarks aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical 1994); (?), analytical , analysis 345–370, aquifer), (Jacksonian (Gordon 395–400 380–385, aquifer) T calculated from recovery 220–235 intervals Screen parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter (Kruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Gorday (1990) Gorday (1990) (1985) Kellam and Kellam (1969) Sever and Kellam (1969) Sever Brooks and others fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in SL SC SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference 0.003 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia " 8,700 1,700 (ft Trans- 25,000 23,000 48,000 30,000 72,000 21,000 20,000 16,000 13,000 32,000 15,000 missivity 360,000 360,000 360,000 tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 764 849 625 680 711 626 840 612 825 750 450 620 350 485 550 417 (ft) , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 500 564 525 455 490 363 501 283 260 260 265 386 200 283 368 220 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 8314'42" 82°21'03" 82°21'04" 82°19'54" 82°21'30" 82°20'32" 82°28'00" 82°29'03" 83°15'41" 83°14'43" 83°15'20" 83°20'23" 83°11'46" 83°13'52" 83°13'13" 83°20'24" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 31°46'03" 31°46'41" 31°46'12" 31°53'54" 31°55'44" 31°32'32" 31°32'39" 31°42'56" 31°43'00" 31°43'03" 31°12'26" 31°27'14" 31°04'22" 31°12'34" 31°22'56" 32°22'07" Lower Floridan aquifers] cient of the Uppercient and Lower of Floridanaquifers , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina # 2 # 4 # 1 percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; City of City of City of Baxley, Ga. Baxley, Fitzgerald D Fitzgerald D Alma,3 Ga., City of Alma City of Filtered Rosin City of Baxley City of Fitzgerald D C Georgia Power Power Georgia City of Enigma City of Alapaha City of City of Ray Cochran 2 (new) Cochran ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based City of Nashville City of Nashville Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Product Company Product Georgia Power # 1 Power Georgia Company, Hatch, 2 Company, Well 27P001 27P002 nt to the carbonate Upper or Upper carbonate the nt to 26L001 26L004 19T006 27N001 27N003 27N004 19H026 19K005 20G009 20H003 20K002 19M001 20M002 20M003 identifier Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, Bacon 2 Berrien Appling Ben Hill Bleckley do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR and adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft updip aquifer equivale updip aquifer Appendix A 35 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; storage; T, transmissivity; portion of the Jacksonian aquifer Open interval includes lower includes lower Open interval parentheses indi LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) (LF) (UF) Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (2003) Gorday (1990) Gorday (1990) (1985) (1997) (1985) Harrelson and Falls Falls Harrelson and and Kellam USGS files and Kellam and others Brooks and others Falls and others Brooks fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SL SL SL SC SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .0003 .0004 0.0004 Storage coefficient /d) 2 840 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 8,300 2,900 4,300 4,700 5,600 5,000 3,700 8,200 5,600 6,200 6,900 (ft Trans- 70,000 missivity ,LF, Upper and Lo ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi 440 555 637 630 580 540 510 535 422 364 110 251 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open 1,275 interval Bottom of 80 320 320 398 405 420 383 302 454 181 244 220 open open Top of Top 1,010 Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu analytical line straight , 81°18'59" 81°18'59" 81°46'46" 81°50'41" 81°50'41" 81°50'22" 81°50'51" 81°39'44" 82°13'11" 82°03'54" 82°04'32" 81°52'44" 81°45'59" fer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF 31°54'43" 31°54'43" 32°27'00" 32°22'40" 32°22'39" 32°22'53" 32°22'38" 32°22'42" 32°52'27" 33°03'10" 32°07'15" 33°13'48" 33°08'46" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, # 2 # 1 LF TW LF UF TW Statesboro Statesboro Statesboro Statesboro Gateway 1 Gateway 6 Gateway Plant Vogle Plant Vogle Pond TW-4 (observation) (observation) Experimental “Paul Dye, 1” “Paul USGS Millers rolina and Florida—Continued Richmond Hill Richmond Hill Power Georgia Irby Cochran,Irby I Construction, 8 Construction, Gateway 9 (pro) Gateway City of Brooklet Brooklet City of ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude City of Statesboro Southeast Georgia Georgia Southeast Station (LN-ATL 1) Station (LN-ATL the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well 35P109 35P110 31T010 31T024 31T025 31T027 31T028 32T013 30Z022 31Z009 29Y002 29Y004 28W005 identifier ydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aqui Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, Burke Bryan 2 Bulloch do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. H method [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; Table A-1. and adjacentparts of South Ca USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 36 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic Remarks /d, analyzed Theim by 2 aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical 1994); (?), analytical , method observation wells as 14,000– wells observation ft 24,000 Warren cites T range from Warren parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; LF LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF UF unit (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter (Kruseman do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (1997) (1999) Aulenbach (2003) (1999) Aulenbach (1989) Randolph (1988) Gorday (1990) Donsky (1963) (1999) Aulenbach Falls andFalls others (1944) Warren and Warner Falls and Harrelson and Warner Krause and Johnston and Bush and Kellam and Counts and Warner fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in a SL SL SC do. do. do. do. do. NL NL NL NL SL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .002 .001 .00006 .0003 .0006 0.001 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 180 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia " 3,500 (ft Trans- 19,000 13,000 98,000 43,000 43,000 17,000 83,000 34,000 32,000 missivity 110,000 130,000 tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 200 200 575 760 990 750 616 540 603 406 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,060 1,500 1,150 interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 180 150 516 467 552 555 950 560 386 321 237 250 open open Top of Top 1,365 Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 81°47'09" 81°39'11" 81°32'30" 81°33'00" 81°33'05" 81°34'36" 81°31'11" 81°33'53" 81°33'53" 82°03'57" 82°03'56" 81°07'47" 81°08'50" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 33°10'44" 33°05'48" 30°44'01" 30°43'13" 30°44'06" 30°45'12" 30°47'56" 30°47'49" 30°47'49" 32°23'16" 32°24'21" 32°05'58" 32°05'30" Lower Floridan aquifers] cient of the Uppercient and Lower of Floridanaquifers , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina TW TW 1 TW-3 South North percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; (Davis) Service CI (Well 155) (Well National Park Huntley Jiffey Huntley Jiffey St Marys Deep GGS TR92-6B GGS TR92-6B Kraft/St Marys Layne-Atlantic Observation 01 Observation 02 Observation Thompson Oak Thompson Union Camp 04 USN Kings Bay Bay USNKings USN Kings Bay ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude City of Metter # 2 City of Metter # 2 Brighams Landing Landing Brighams Well nt to the carbonate Upper or Upper carbonate the nt to 31Z110 33E007 33E027 33E039 33E040 29T010 29T011 32Y033 33D013 33D069 33D073 36Q002 36Q008 identifier Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, Burke 2 Candler Camden Chatham do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR and adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft updip aquifer equivale updip aquifer Appendix A 37 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; storage; T, transmissivity; values from Warren (1944) fromvalues Warren Counts and Donsky averaged six six averaged Donsky and Counts parentheses indi LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Donsky (1963)Donsky retired, written 2002 commun., (1963)Donsky Aulenbach (1999) (1963)Donsky Aulenbach (1999) (1963)Donsky Gorday (1990) Counts and and Counts USGS R. Faye, and Counts and Warner and Counts and Warner and Counts and Kellam fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SL SC do. do. do. do. NL NL NL NL NL(?) NL(?) NL(?) s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .0004 .0002 .0003 .0007 .001 .005 0.00009 Storage coefficient /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 8,200 (ft Trans- 33,000 46,000 34,000 27,000 20,000 43,000 27,000 34,000 32,000 39,000 80,000 missivity 260,000 ,LF, Upper and Lo ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi 750 460 650 971 695 500 650 344 971 728 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open 1,085 1,003 interval Bottom of 251 760 358 254 270 274 260 205 250 274 280 504 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu analytical line straight , 81°09'03" 81°13'40" 81°13'40" 81°09'50" 81°08'42" 81°05'35" 81°04'27" 81°01'47" 81°05'46" 81°06'37" 81°07'00" 80°53'26" 82°50'55" fer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF 32°05'19" 32°01'39" 32°01'39" 32°09'18" 32°08'57" 32°04'40" 32°04'33" 32°04'56" 32°05'01" 32°06'22" 32°09'45" 32°01'36" 31°31'32" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, #1 02 R1 # 4 (LF) (UF) TW1 Ga. 1 Refuge Pt. Wentworth rolina and Florida—Continued Line RR docks Line Southern Coast Coast Southern Savannah E&P, E&P, Savannah City of Douglas Douglas of City Port Wentworth, Port Wentworth, Hutchison Island Island Hutchison ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Hercules,Inc. # 1 USNPS Cockspur Savannah Electric Savannah Savannah Wildlife Wildlife Savannah American Cyanide & Power Company & Power Berwick Plantation Berwick Plantation U.S. Postal Service the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well 23L002 36R010 36R037 37R001 36Q030 36Q330 36Q331 37Q010 37Q016 37Q018 37Q049 37Q185 38Q115 identifier ydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aqui Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, Coffee 2 Chatham do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. H method Table A-1. and adjacentparts of South Ca [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 38 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic Remarks aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical 1994); (?), analytical , parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit (LF) (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Gorday (1990) Gorday (1990) (1986) McFadden Gorday (1990) (1985) Kellam and Kellam (1972) Sever and Kellam (1972) Sever andFaye and Kellam Brooks and others fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in SL SL SC SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .002 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 620 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; " 6,700 5,800 6,600 6,200 2,800 5,000 (ft Trans- 15,000 11,000 51,000 30,000 32,000 17,000 37,000 56,000 missivity 600,000 210,000 tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 684 308 386 375 865 393 307 689 400 565 500 500 520 500 701 805 203 (ft) , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 514 214 231 213 207 207 247 320 180 303 281 280 280 282 401 452 173 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 82°51'20" 83°23'40" 83°25'27" 83°25'19" 83°26'03" 83°25'42" 83°44'23" 81°23'38" 81°19'10" 81°13'36" 81°14'02" 81°12'09" 81°12'27" 81°12'21" 81°54'10" 81°54'47" 82°36'04" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; he Upper and Lower Floridanaquifersequivalent and units, Georgia coastal clastic uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 31°32'16" 31°02'45" 31°08'33" 31°08'16" 31°08'13" 31°08'25" 32°15'04" 32°09'45" 32°23'60" 32°15'23" 32°17'22" 32°19'36" 32°19'52" 32°20'01" 32°09'45" 32°09'45" 33°13'35" Lower Floridan aquifers] , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina # 5 S/D 1950 percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; Test Well Company Gibson, 3 Gibson, Unadilla 3 USGS Adel USGS Adel City of Adel City of Cecil Company # # 1 Company # 2 Company # 3 Company Dawes Silicia Dawes City of Claxton City of City of Douglas Douglas of City City of Adel # 3 Adel City of # 1 Adel City of ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Ft. Howard Paper Ft. Howard Paper Ft. Howard Paper Ft. Howard Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude City of Rincon # # 2 City of Rincon City of Springfield City of Springfield Westwood Heights Heights Westwood City of Claxton # 2 the carbonate Upper or Well 16S002 36S004 36S022 36S025 36S026 36S027 23L004 35T003 25Z003 34R043 30R001 30R002 18G018 18H002 18H005 18H016 18H033 identifier Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coefficient of t do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, Cook Evans Dooly Coffee 2 Glascock Effingham do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR updip aquifer equivalent to updip aquifer Appendix A 39 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; storage; T, transmissivity; excellent. good fair good fair excellent ft/d/ft leakance 0.00023 good; ft/d/ft leakance 0.00025 good; fair ft/d/ft leakance 0.000095 good; ft/d/ft 0.0002 leakance good; leakance 0.000065 as excellent; ft/d/ft Jones and Maslia cite curve fit as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite do. as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite do. as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite as fit curve Jones and Maslia cite fit curve Jones and Maslia cite parentheses indi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (1985) (1994) Brooks and others and others Brooks and Maslia Jones fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .005 .004 .012 .007 .004 .001 .0004 .0004 .005 .003 .0002 .0002 .00006 0.003 Storage coefficient /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 1,500 (ft Trans- 66,000 49,000 65,000 58,000 89,000 65,000 75,000 63,000 93,000 60,000 64,000 58,000 56,000 missivity 110,000 ,LF, Upper and Lo ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi 153 518 445 740 991 650 825 780 777 790 764 715 810 911 890 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open interval Bottom of 145 214 292 700 550 550 560 550 540 520 523 502 554 480 545 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu 82°27'11" 81°40'08" 81°38'12" 81°41'27" 81°35'54" 81°33'55" 81°32'14" 81°31'13" 81°30'21" 81°30'16" 81°24'35" 81°25'01" 81°28'27" 81°29'01" 81°28'52" fer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF 33°15'46" 31°09'18" 31°10'53" 31°17'36" 31°07'59" 31°12'16" 31°14'05" 31°12'39" 31°11'29" 31°10'06" 31°03'15" 31°06'58" 31°10'05" 31°09'59" 31°09'48" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, (Front) SCL RR, Thalmann Willis B.H. Willis Osborn, N B Osborn, N Garden Club Dixie-Obrien Madge Merritt Anderson, L rolina and Florida—Continued Hercules Inc O Hercules Inc M Jenkins Theatre Jenkins Lamar, Stafford Lamar, Island 06 Jekyll Island 13 Jekyll ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Brunswick: TW-6 Brunswick: Thiele Kaolin, W-1 Thiele Kaolin, Mavromot, Andrew Mavromot, the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well 32J002 32H024 32H026 33H003 33H036 33H052 33H078 33H100 33H133 34G013 34G017 34H062 34H076 34H078 26AA03 identifier ydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aqui Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, Glynn 2 Glascock do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. H method [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; and adjacentparts of South Ca Table A-1. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 40 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic cited as 40,000 Remarks aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical /d; S as 0.00057 2 ft excellent good excellent; leakance 0.00023 ft/d/ft zones good; leakance 0.0012 ft/d/ft leakance 0.00015 as excellent; ft/d/ft as good 0.00023 ft/d/ leakance excellent; 0.0012 test, aquifer 7/85 ft for ft/d/ft for 12/86 aquifer test leakance fair; 0.00022 ft/d/ft leakance fair; 0.000076 ft/d/ft leakance fair; 0.00024 ft/d/ft T from recovery as fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and water-bearing lower and Upper as fit curve MasliaJones cite and fit curve MasliaJones cite and fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and as fit curve MasliaJones cite and parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter (Kruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (1990) (1994) (1994) Clarke and others and Maslia Jones USGS files and Maslia Jones fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .0006 .007 .0005 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0003 .002 .0003 .0005 .0003 .0004 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; and equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia " (ft Trans- 33,000 33,000 56,000 64,000 57,000 85,000 72,000 23,000 69,000 41,000 75,000 missivity 160,000 tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 623 757 786 604 800 608 640 770 700 696 660 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,200 interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 514 584 595 535 540 520 477 600 504 606 527 541 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 81°28'46" 81°29'27" 81°29'25" 81°29'31" 81°29'52" 81°28'58" 81°23'37" 81°23'29" 81°28'52" 81°29'36" 81°29'59" 81°29'10" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 31°09'06" 31°07'55" 31°08'06" 31°09'06" 31°10'20" 31°10'35" 31°08'01" 31°13'19" 31°09'38" 31°08'18" 31°09'53" 31°11'08" Lower Floridan aquifers] cient of the Uppercient and Lower of Floridanaquifers , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina Park percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; Office College Frederica USPS Fort USPS Fort Brunswick Brunswick Brunswick Jr Jr Brunswick Riley, Barney Riley, Georgia Ports Georgia Survey TW 01 Survey TW 02 Survey TW 11 Survey TW 14 Survey Goodyear Park SSI Lighthouse SSI Authority Main U.S. Geological U.S. Geological U.S. Geological U.S. Geological ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Brunswick Coffin Coffin Brunswick Brunswick: TW-7 Brunswick: Well nt to the carbonate Upper or Upper carbonate the nt to 34H085 34H097 34H100 34H125 34H132 34H133 34H205 34H328 34H344 34H371 34H374 34H392 identifier Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, Glynn 2 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR and adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft updip aquifer equivale updip aquifer Appendix A 41 T, transmissivity; Remarks aquifer analysis; L, leaky aquifer good; leakance 0.00025 ft/d/ft 0.00025 leakance good; leakance excellent; 0.00022 ft/d/ft ft/d/ft 0.00021 leakance good; leakance excellent; 0.00029 ft/d/ft leakance excellent; 0.00032 ft/d/ft good excellent good zones Jones and Maslia cite curve fit as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve as fit Jones and Maslia cite curve do. Upper water-bearing and lower parentheses indicates a clastic de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical de Ritter, 1994); strict; S, storage; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: (1994) (1994) (1973) (1985) USGS files Maslia and Jones USGS files Maslia and Jones and Gregg Wait others and Brooks fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed hydrologic fers; SL SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and (Kruseman and s of oscillating flow Method Reference astic units, coastal Georgia .0002 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0006 .0003 .0008 .0007 .003 .005 0.0003 Storage Storage coefficient orida; GA, Georgia; SC,Southorida; GA, Georgia; /d) 2 , seconds; Rive SJWMD, St. Johns " 2,100 (ft Upper Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Trans- 85,000 64,000 67,000 66,000 67,000 59,000 64,000 56,000 55,000 64,000 missivity 110,000 140,000 756 630 745 700 640 753 566 780 640 704 347 (ft) , minutes; ' open open 1,040 interval Bottom of ytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysi Floridanand aquifers equivalent cl 525 548 550 550 500 580 540 580 514 580 584 278 open Top of Top Below land surfaceBelow land interval (ft) Natural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. Natural Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; , straight line anal 81°29'55" 81°29'22" 81°29'31" 81°28'58" 81°29'42" 81°28'57" 81°29'52" 81°26'45" 81°26'51" 81°21'29" 81°22'26" 81°20'13" 83°37'18" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; lina Department of 31°09'45" 31°10'19" 31°10'11" 31°10'16" 31°10'16" 31°10'36" 31°10'20" 31°19'37" 31°18'11" 31°10'49" 31°08'45" 31°11'46" 32°23'16" tifier Latitude Longitude te Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Fish percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, Board Newhope Newhope Plantation Club - Old Club Haynesville &—22nd St. &—22nd UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; Sea Island Co. Co. Sea Island Survey TW 21 Survey Hercules Inc T Goodyear Park Goodyear HerculesQ Inc HerculesU Inc Sea Island Gun Gun Sea Island U.S. Geological U.S. Geological Commissioners, Commissioners, Brunswick: 2-W 2-W Brunswick: Other iden Other Brunswick: USCG Brunswick: Champion, E M 02 M E Champion, Survey TW 02 Pt 1 Pt TW 02 Survey Well 34J001 34J009 17T001 34H401 34H412 34H424 34H425 34H427 34H449 34H469 35H012 35H037 35H042 identifier Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, squared per day; /d, feet Glynn 2 Houston do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County and adjacentSouth partsCarolina of and Florida—Continued ft foot; [ft, Table A-1. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Caro aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL capacity; based on specific SC, transmissivity analysis; aquifer unit: method not cited. Hydrologic aquifer equivalent to the carbona updip 42 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky is; L, cates a clastic a clastic cates Remarks aquifer analys storage; T, transmissivity; transmissivity; T, storage; (1988) analysis recovery analysis recovery analysis recovery analysis recovery As cited in Bush and Johnston and Johnston cited in Bush As in S = 0.00041 T = 130000, in = 0.00047 S 120,000, = T in S = 0.00054 T = 88,000, in S = 0.00054 T = 88,000, parentheses indi de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical (?), 1994); de Ritter, LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF UF unit (LF) (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Management District; r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Gorday (1990) Gorday (1985) (1972) (1989) Randolph (1985) others (1993) Hacke (2003) (1990) Gorday (1986) McFadden Kellam and and Kellam others and Brooks (1944) Warren Dyar and others Krause and and Randolph and McConnell Harrelson and Falls and Kellam and Faye fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed fers; hydrologic SL SL SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL s of oscillating s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and Method Reference .0003 .0004 .0002 .0004 .0007 0.0005 Storage Storage coefficient /d) van der Kamp analysi 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive SJWMD, St. Johns , seconds; " 5,900 5,700 5,800 6,000 5,500 9,800 (ft Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Floridan Upper and Lower Trans- 10,000 94,000 FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South missivity 124,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 130,000 250,000 645 473 308 375 816 535 445 810 810 705 870 450 400 361 (ft) , minutes; , minutes; ' open open 1,422 interval Bottom of of Bottom ytical solution; V, Floridanand aquifers equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 266 370 220 214 451 200 145 427 418 502 538 180 347 306 open open Top of 1,144 Below land surface Below land interval (ft) , UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; 83°14'51" 82°24'19" 82°24'43" 82°27'31" 81°36'49" 81°25'42" 81°24'34" 81°24'25" 81°24'39" 81°25'28" 81°36'04" 83°15'05" 81°18'27" 82°35'37" 83°27'57" ment of Natural Resources. State: Natural Resources. ment of foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; SL, straight line anal 31°35'42" 32°51'34" 32°59'45" 33°00'15" 31°51'46" 31°44'31" 31°44'42" 31°44'38" 31°44'35" 31°43'35" 31°38'54" 30°54'51" 31°36'08" 32°10'47" 32°16'52" e Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] R, South Carolina Depart R, South Carolina 535' percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, 1985 Rust 1 Rust 2 Rust Vernon St. Well) US Army, Company 2 Company Observation City of Mt. Louisville, 4 USGS TW-3 Ft Stewart 01 Ft Stewart Opelika Mfg. J.P. Stevens, 2 Stevens, J.P. UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF UF, Upper Riceboro, Ga., Company, 445' Company, Interstate Paper Interstate Paper Interstate Paper Interstate Paper Interstate Paper, Interstate Paper, Wadley 1 (Ruby 1 (Ruby Wadley City of Ocilla # 3 City Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Dan Hawthorne 1 ity based on specific capacity; specific based on ity Valdosta, Ga. Deep Valdosta, Well 19F101 18S012 20L003 35L085 25R002 26X002 26Y002 33N001 34M019 34M021 34M051 34M052 34M090 33M004 26W001 identifier Transmissivity andTransmissivity storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, /d, feet squared per Long Irwin 2 Liberty Pulaski Jefferson Lowndes McIntosh Montgomery do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. A-1. Table and adjacentof South Carolina parts and Florida—Continued [ft, foot; ft USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDN aquifer analysis; SC, transmissiv updip aquifer equivalent to the updip aquifer carbonat method not cited. Hydrologic unit: Hydrologic method not cited. Appendix A 43 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; storage; T, transmissivity; parentheses indi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) (LF) (UF) Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (1985) (1986) McFadden (1996) Gorday (1990) Gorday (1990) Brooks and others and others Brooks USGS files and Faye and Clarke others and Kellam and Kellam fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SL SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui Storage coefficient /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 2,100 4,100 3,500 1,900 5,600 1,300 7,100 8,500 7,900 6,700 (ft Trans- 13,000 76,000 41,000 50,000 33,000 missivity ,LF, Upper and Lo ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi 80 420 670 301 565 205 280 810 713 640 545 450 778 501 610 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open interval Bottom of 50 374 253 150 370 155 225 500 560 120 235 350 400 275 390 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu 83°26'24" 81°44'25" 81°38'12" 81°37'22" 81°35'43" 81°35'43" 81°35'43" 82°09'54" 82°07'10" 82°53'46" 82°54'40" 82°41'06" 82°40'33" 83°30'46" 83°29'24" fer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF 32°16'52" 32°36'18" 32°45'10" 32°57'56" 32°53'25" 32°53'25" 32°53'25" 32°00'13" 32°05'03" 32°04'01" 31°55'48" 31°55'27" 31°27'26" 31°24'51" 32°03''54" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, 1 Vista TW-1 TW-2 TW-3 City # 1 Prison # 1 Hartford 2 Sylvania #2 Sylvania J.P. King # 2 # King J.P. N.S. Wheeler Georgia State Georgia City ofTifton rolina and Florida—Continued City of LumberCity of City of Tifton #2 City of Tifton ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Millhaven BuenaMillhaven USGS Millhaven USGS Millhaven USGS Millhaven Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude City of McRae # 1 City of McRae # 3 City of McRae City of Reidsville # City of Reidsville the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well 18S015 24P006 24P008 32U018 33X037 33X051 33X052 33X053 28Q002 29Q001 22Q001 22Q003 17K062 18K001 32W015 identifier ydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aqui Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Tift /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, Telfair 2 Pulaski Tattnall Screven do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. H method Table A-1. and adjacentparts of South Ca [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 44 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky is; L, cates a clastic a clastic cates Remarks aquifer analys storage; T, transmissivity; transmissivity; T, storage; Lower Floridan aquifers;Lower flow- indicatesmeter 90% ofsurvey from Upperflow Floridan aquifer and 104–114; latter in Cretaceous strata latter and 190–200; 133–138, zones in Cretaceoustwo strata Well completed in Upper and Well 54–69, 36–41, intervals Screen 48–58, 33–43, intervals Screen parentheses indi de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical (?), 1994); de Ritter, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit (LF) UF,LF Hydrologic Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Management District; r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Gorday (1990) Gorday (1984); Krause USGS R.E. Faye, retired, written 2002 commun., (1986) McFadden (1985) (1985) others (1990) Gorday Kellam and and Kellam and Matthews and Faye others and Brooks and Randolph and Kellam fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed fers; hydrologic V SC SC SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL s of oscillating s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and Method Reference .0006 .0004 .0005 .0005 .0002 .0004 0.0004 Storage Storage coefficient /d) van der Kamp analysi 2 720 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive SJWMD, St. Johns , seconds; " 9,800 2,700 2,400 8,200 3,300 (ft Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Floridan Upper and Lower Trans- 14,000 150,000 150,000 FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South missivity 270,000 240,000 260,000 280,000 270,000 220,000 230,000 1,000,000 800 114 200 335 770 584 691 248 600 (ft) , minutes; , minutes; ' open open 1,000 1,785 1,009 1,010 1,000 1,000 interval Bottom of of Bottom ytical solution; V, Floridanand aquifers equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 36 33 720 442 636 182 662 472 587 480 486 500 493 194 352 open open Top of Below land surface Below land interval (ft) , UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; 82°24'36" 82°23'22" 82°15'56" 82°56'49" 82°57'05" 82°45'01" 81°52'53" 81°54'34" 81°52'18" 81°50'39" 81°50'22" 81°49'59" 81°50'20" 82°53'09" 82°46'43" ment of Natural Resources. State: Natural Resources. ment of foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; SL, straight line anal 32°13'02" 32°12'39" 31°07'05" 33°02'36" 33°01'01" 32°56'19" 31°27'19" 31°37'01" 31°31'04" 31°39'42" 31°39'34" 31°38'59" 31°39'11" 32°05'42" 32°08'59" e Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] R, South Carolina Depart R, South Carolina percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, BP&P #1 GGS-297 State Park Test Hole 2 Test Hole 3 Company, 2 Company, Ware County USGS TW 2, Mears Justiss UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF UF, Upper City of Vidalia Homer Johnson Homer Little Ocmulgee BP&P J Mears 2 Holmes Canning Holmes Canning ITT Rayonier D2 ITT Rayonier D5 ITT Rayonier D6 Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude ITT Rayonier D1, D1, Rayonier ITT City of Alamo # 2 Alamo City of City of Vidalia # 2 City of Vidalia ity based on specific capacity; specific based on ity Well 30L003 31L001 26R001 26R003 23R001 27G004 22Y007 22Y008 23X034 30K004 22Q004 31M009 31M010 31M013 31M014 identifier Transmissivity andTransmissivity storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, /d, feet squared per Ware Wayne 2 Toombs Wheeler Washington do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. GA State County Table A-1. A-1. Table and adjacentof South Carolina parts and Florida—Continued [ft, foot; ft USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDN aquifer analysis; SC, transmissiv updip aquifer equivalent to the updip aquifer carbonat method not cited. Hydrologic unit: Hydrologic method not cited. Appendix A 45 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; storage; T, transmissivity; Newcome rates test fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome do. fair rates test Newcome good test rates Newcome poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome do. poor test rates Newcome do. do. parentheses indi LF LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. unit (LF) (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Newcome (1986) Newcome (1986) McFadden Newcome (2000) Newcome Aucott and (2000) Newcome USGS files and Faye (2000) Newcome fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SL SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .0003 0.0004 Storage coefficient /d) 2 500 970 680 670 800 800 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 3,900 4,000 2,900 3,300 3,300 1,200 1,100 7,100 1,700 1,300 6,300 4,100 4,700 (ft Trans- 11,000 missivity ,LF, Upper and Lo ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi 340 344 310 328 444 329 578 575 794 720 364 260 225 296 302 200 470 345 327 320 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open interval Bottom of 46 94 290 257 180 240 154 240 453 450 460 390 140 162 162 175 204 290 218 180 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu 81°19'15" 81°14'21" 81°14'20" 81°18'07" 81°18'32" 81°18'07" 81°23'03" 81°23'03" 81°29'19" 81°33'56" 81°02'27" 81°03'32" 81°00'10" 81°08'25" 81°08'19" 81°13'45" 81°16'30" 81°15'05" 81°21'59" 81°22'45" fer; LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; UF 33°00'27" 32°56'35" 33°05'18" 33°01'01" 33°01'06" 33°01'01" 33°01'30" 33°01'30" 33°02'23" 33°06'55" 33°17'19" 33°11'40" 33°06'10" 33°19'27" 33°18'57" 33°07'37" 33°21'40" 33°15'49" 33°14'07" 33°14'10" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, ALL-48 BRN-75 BRN-60 BRN-57 BAM-24 BAM-62 BAM-26 BAM-23 BAM-22 ALL-353 ALL-326 ALL-320 ALL-310 ALL-375 ALL-374 Inc. no. 1 BRN-295 BRN-886 Plantation of Allendale of rolina and Florida—Continued ALL-66 - Creek Creek - ALL-66 ALL-268 - town town - ALL-268 ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude ALL-27 - Sandoz, Sandoz, - ALL-27 the carbonate Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] Well 31Z-t1 372-q3 35Y-c4 33Z-y1 31Y-q1 33Z-n1 35Y-b8 32X-d1 32X-g2 34X-u1 34W-s4 31X-m5 33BB-p1 33AA-y5 34AA-q2 34AA-q3 34AA-x4 35AA-q7 35AA-q8 36AA-o1 identifier ydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aqui Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, 2 Barnwell Bamburg Allendale SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County updip aquifer equivalent to aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. H method Table A-1. and adjacentparts of South Ca [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 46 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic Remarks aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical 1994); (?), analytical , Newcome rates testNewcome fair rates test poor Newcome rates test good Newcome rates testNewcome fair do. do. rates test poor Newcome do. rates testNewcome fair rates test good Newcome do. rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome do. rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome do. rates test good Newcome rates testNewcome fair rates test good Newcome parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit (LF) Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Newcome (1986) Newcome Newcome (2000) Newcome Aucott and (2000) Newcome SCDNR files fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in SL SL SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL NL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .002 .0001 .0003 .0001 .00004 .0001 .0003 0.0003 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 170 790 530 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; " 5,900 2,000 2,000 6,700 1,100 1,500 1,900 4,300 2,900 2,500 5,600 3,600 (ft Trans- 20,000 20,000 17,000 13,000 15,000 missivity tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 66 59 58 78 66 70 88 94 315 200 213 605 335 374 270 150 120 170 100 603 (ft) , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 96 59 51 50 73 64 55 90 83 52 45 220 175 182 360 262 230 260 120 283 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 81°23'10" 81°33'30" 81°32'36" 81°34'54" 81°33'06" 81°33'07" 81°37'02" 80°27'37" 80°34'32" 80°34'32" 80°34'56" 80°34'32" 80°36'36" 80°36'10" 80°37'36" 80°43'05" 80°44'26" 80°41'37" 80°41'35" 80°41'12" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; he Upper and Lower Floridanaquifersequivalent and units, Georgia coastal clastic uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 33°14'30" 33°20'30" 33°15'58" 33°13'24" 33°13'19" 33°13'20" 33°13'24" 32°19'30" 32°26'15" 32°26'28" 32°26'02" 32°24'03" 32°22'04" 32°21'59" 32°20'09" 32°27'18" 32°27'52" 32°22'28" 32°22'26" 32°18'25" Lower Floridan aquifers] Lower , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; BRN-61 BFT-449 BFT-114 BFT-795 BRN-469 BRN-810 BRN-268 BRN-466 BRN-465 BRN-811 BFT-1566 BFT-1570 BFT-1560 BFT-1784 BFT-1787 BFT-1788 BFT-1793 BFT-2066 BFT-1973 BFT 2255 ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude the carbonate Upper or Well 37Y-f2 26II-l3 27II-l5 35Y-c7 26II-s5 37Y-g2 37Y-g3 38Y-h6 25II-e4 24JJ-c1 37W-x1 37X-w1 27II-l30 27JJ-i10 26II-w16 25HH-p6 27HH-n9 27HH-o3 identifier 25HH-p12 25HH-p17 Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coefficient of t do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, 2 Beaufort Barnwell SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County and adjacentandparts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR updip aquifer equivalent to updip aquifer Appendix A 47 clastic is; L, leaky is; L, leaky cates a Remarks 1994); (?), analytical analytical 1994); (?), aquifer analys aquifer storage; T, transmissivity; T, transmissivity; storage; Newcome rates test fair rates test Newcome good test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome do. do. do. poor test rates Newcome do. good test rates Newcome poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome do. poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome do. do. fair rates test Newcome poor test rates Newcome fair rates test Newcome parentheses indi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit Hydrologic Hydrologic ruseman and de Ritter, ruseman do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, (1992) Newcome (1992); (2000) Newcome (2000) Newcome and Park Gawne (2000) Newcome and Park Gawne (2000) Newcome fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in hydrologic in unit enclosed fers; SL SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL s of oscillating flow (K oscillating flow s of Method Reference wer Floridan aqui .0001 .0002 0.0001 Storage coefficient /d) 2 700 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive " 1,200 6,700 6,000 1,100 1,600 (ft Trans- 92,000 27,000 64,000 94,000 19,000 80,000 67,000 11,000 51,000 72,000 80,000 84,000 99,000 24,000 missivity 110,000 ate: FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; ate: FL, Florida; SC, South tion; V, der Kamp van tion; analysi UF,LF, Upper and Lo 602 632 890 220 226 630 200 200 600 600 200 200 320 198 200 221 198 200 224 140 112 (ft) , minutes; minutes; , ' open open interval Bottom of 83 90 250 295 227 140 146 542 135 131 276 314 110 118 316 126 145 145 140 140 124 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) , straight line analytical solu 80°41'23" 80°41'02" 80°43'22" 80°45'00" 80°44'44" 80°43'42" 80°42'30" 80°42'08" 80°40'38" 80°42'04" 80°42'47" 80°43'32" 80°44'57" 80°43'01" 80°43'28" 80°43'56" 80°44'12" 80°44'12" 80°45'06" 80°48'39" 80°45'57" uifer; LF, Lower uifer; Floridan aquifer; 32°18'20" 32°18'44" 32°16'03" 32°13'52" 32°13'11" 32°13'41" 32°13'13" 32°13'38" 32°13'58" 32°12'37" 32°12'44" 32°12'07" 32°12'17" 32°11'19" 32°10'29" 32°09'22" 32°09'44" 32°09'42" 32°34'28" 32°30'52" 32°27'22" rolina Department of Natural Resources. St Resources. of Natural Department rolina ditto; ft/d/ft, foot/day/foot; °, degrees; degrees; °, foot/day/foot; ft/d/ft, ditto; cient of the UpperLower andcient of Floridan aquifers equivalent and coastalGeorgia clastic units, Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] BFT-985 BFT-652 BFT-758 BFT-671 BFT-1840 BFT-2248 BFT-1809 BFT-1868 BFT-1869 BFT-1591 BFT-1813 BFT-2185 BFT-1632 BFT-1685 BFT-1820 BFT-1589 BFT-1590 BFT-1947 BFT-1756 BFT-1790 BFT-1731 rolina and Florida—Continued ty based on specific capacity; SL on specific capacity; ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Well 27JJ-i4 27JJ-i9 27JJ-q2 27KK-j5 27LL-d2 27KK-g1 27KK-h1 27KK-h4 27KK-q5 27KK-x8 28GG-x1 identifier 27LL-e11 27LL-e12 27KK-l12 27KK-f22 27KK-f23 28GG-a10 27KK-n15 27KK-o10 28HH-k12 27KK-m46 Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Transmissivitystorage and coeffi do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, percent; do., day; %, per squared feet /d, 2 Beaufort SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County updip carbonate aquifer equivalent to the aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer not cited. method [ft, foot; ft [ft, foot; and adjacentparts of South Ca Table A-1. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Ca USGS,Survey; U.S. South Geological SCDNR, 48 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky cates a clastic Remarks aquifer analys , 1994); (?), analytical 1994); (?), analytical , the BASF Corporation the BASF Corporation the BASF Newcome rates testNewcome fair do. rates test good Newcome do. rates testNewcome fair rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome do. rates test good Newcome From a report C.E. by Nuzman to rates test poor Newcome rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome From a report C.E. by Nuzman to rates testNewcome fair rates test good Newcome rates testNewcome fair do. do. rates test poor Newcome parentheses indi parentheses strict; S, storage; T, transmissivity; do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit Hydrologic Hydrologic (Kruseman and de Ritter do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di Water Management r Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: NL, Newcome (2000) Newcome SCDNR files (2000) Newcome SCDNR files (2000) Newcome SCDNR files (2000) Newcome fers; hydrologic enclosed fers; unit in SL SL SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL NL NL s of oscillating flow oscillating s of Method Reference .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 0.0004 Storage Storage coefficient and Lower Floridan aqui and Lower orida; GA, Georgia; SC, South Georgia; orida; GA, /d) 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive , seconds; " 4,000 8,800 4,000 5,300 4,000 8,200 (ft Trans- 11,000 15,000 45,000 11,000 13,000 18,000 56,000 58,000 24,000 11,000 27,000 78,000 53,000 23,000 missivity tion; V, van der tion; V, van der Kamp analysi 95 84 560 200 587 587 192 600 209 340 200 568 174 380 600 582 555 215 490 200 (ft) , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of aquifer; UF,LF, Upper Upper UF,LF, aquifer; 72 80 97 240 100 397 393 125 255 100 140 357 140 101 298 314 357 130 353 160 open open Top of Top Below land land surface Below interval (ft) tural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. tural , straightline analyticalsolu 80°45'36" 80°45'50" 80°49'25" 80°49'30" 80°47'45" 80°47'37" 80°48'59" 80°49'17" 80°49'42" 80°49'43" 80°49'11" 80°48'00" 80°48'37" 80°49'44" 80°51'42" 80°54'48" 80°53'27" 80°54'32" 80°51'38" 80°52'06" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; he Upper and Lower Floridanaquifersequivalent and units, Georgia coastal clastic uifer; LF, Lower Floridan uifer; LF, Lower 32°26'15" 32°26'18" 32°19'32" 32°18'27" 32°18'16" 32°17'31" 32°17'03" 32°16'51" 32°15'08" 32°15'02" 32°15'09" 32°14'00" 32°14'25" 32°14'55" 32°21'28" 32°20'10" 32°19'57" 32°19'50" 32°17'08" 32°17'36" Lower Floridan aquifers] , South Carolina of Na Department , South Carolina percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, do., ditto; percent; BFT-22 BFT-115 BFT-499 BFT-500 BFT-358 BFT-2067 BFT-1630 BFT-2265 BFT-2233 BFT-1389 BFT-1845 BFT-1326 BFT-2229 BFT-1330 BFT-2242 BFT-2243 BFT-1766 BFT-2222 BFT-1452 BFT 2273 ty based on specific capacity; SL on ty based Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude Well 29II-s5 29JJ-l5 28JJ-f4 29II-y2 28JJ-e8 nt to the carbonate Upper or Upper carbonate the nt to 28JJ-h5 28JJ-n2 28JJ-p5 28JJ-y2 28JJ-y3 28JJ-y4 29JJ-d6 28JJ-m7 29JJ-m2 28HH-t2 28HH-t7 29JJ-e11 28KK-c1 28KK-e1 28KK-d6 identifier Hydrologic unit: UF, Upper Floridan aq Floridan Upper UF, Hydrologic unit: Transmissivitystorage and coefficient of t do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, per day; feet squared /d, 2 Beaufort SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County and adjacentand parts of South Carolina Florida—Continued and [ft, foot; ft Table A-1. method not cited. cited. not method aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivi SC, analysis; aquifer USGS,Survey; U.S. Geological SCDNR updip aquifer equivale updip aquifer Appendix A 49 T, transmissivity; Remarks aquifer analysis; L, leaky aquifer Newcome rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test good Newcome do. rates test fair Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test excellent Newcome rates test poor Newcome do. do. rates test fair Newcome rates test excellent Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test fair Newcome do. rates test poor Newcome do. rates test fair Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test fair Newcome parentheses indicates a clastic de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical de Ritter, 1994); strict; S, storage; LF do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF UF unit Hydrologic do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management Di r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky Carolina. Method: Newcome (2000) Newcome SCDNR files (2000) Newcome fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed hydrologic fers; SL SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and (Kruseman and s of oscillating flow Method Reference astic units, coastal Georgia .0001 0.0001 Storage Storage coefficient orida; GA, Georgia; SC,Southorida; GA, Georgia; /d) 2 900 , seconds; Rive SJWMD, St. Johns " 3,500 2,300 6,000 4,400 5,300 7,200 2,000 1,200 5,700 6,100 (ft Upper Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Trans- 23,000 35,000 18,000 50,000 40,000 13,000 40,000 40,000 43,000 missivity 568 200 205 576 205 242 638 192 140 240 220 520 523 512 450 575 510 120 175 150 (ft) , minutes; , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of ytical solution; V, van der Kamp analysi Floridanand aquifers equivalent cl 43 50 357 160 140 356 140 441 125 107 170 139 346 321 336 299 125 450 102 open Top of Top Below land surfaceBelow land interval (ft) Natural Resources. State: FL, Fl FL, State: Resources. Natural Lower Floridan aquifer; UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; , straight line anal 80°54'10" 80°53'07" 80°51'47" 80°51'17" 80°50'27" 80°50'58" 80°50'42" 80°51'09" 80°51'41" 80°51'43" 80°55'17" 80°56'58" 80°57'22" 80°58'54" 80°55'31" 80°41'50" 80°57'14" 81°06'50" 81°14'12" 81°14'30" foot/day/foot; °, degrees; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; lina Department of 32°17'52" 32°16'57" 32°15'55" 32°15'45" 32°14'54" 32°08'15" 32°07'52" 32°07'53" 32°07'56" 32°06'21" 32°17'09" 32°17'27" 32°17'22" 32°17'13" 32°16'58" 32°49'28" 33°04'02" 32°52'33" 32°51'35" 32°51'34" tifier Latitude Longitude te Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, BFT-309 BFT-310 COL-275 COL-232 BFT-2202 BFT-1418 BFT-1800 BFT-2264 BFT-1870 BFT-2241 BFT-1438 BFT-1794 BFT-2038 BFT-2090 BFT-2089 BFT-2256 BFT-2086 HAM-162 HAM-209 HAM-219 UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF, UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; Other iden Other Well 30JJ-l1 30JJ-t2 29JJ-o3 29JJ-q2 29JJ-v2 29JJ-v3 30JJ-k1 30JJ-n1 29LL-j4 29LL-l1 29LL-l2 30JJ-m1 29LL-s1 29LL-k6 33CC-p2 33CC-p3 29KK-a3 30AA-c4 27DD-b1 identifier 32CC-l15 Transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, squared per day; /d, feet 2 Colleton Beaufort Hampton SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. State County and adjacentSouth partsCarolina of and Florida—Continued ft foot; [ft, Table A-1. USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDNR, South Caro aquifer analysis; SC, transmissivity based on specific capacity; SL capacity; based on specific SC, transmissivity analysis; aquifer unit: method not cited. Hydrologic updip aquifer equivalent to the carbona updip 50 Hydraulic Properties of the Floridan Aquifer System is; L, leaky is; L, cates a clastic a clastic cates Remarks aquifer analys storage; T, transmissivity; transmissivity; T, storage; Newcome rates test good Newcome do. rates test fair Newcome rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test good Newcome do. rates test poor Newcome rates test fair Newcome rates test good Newcome rates test poor Newcome rates test fair Newcome rates test excellent Newcome rates test poor Newcome parentheses indi de Ritter, 1994); (?), analytical (?), 1994); de Ritter, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. UF unit Hydrologic Hydrologic eld from the Lower Florida aquifer. eld from the Lower do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. r Water Management District; S, Management District; r Water Carolina. Method: NL, nonleaky (1990); Newcome Newcome (1990); (2000) (1986) Newcome Whiting and Park Whiting and Park (2000) Newcome Aucott and (2000) Newcome fers; hydrologic unit enclosed in unit enclosed fers; hydrologic SL SL do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. NL NL s of oscillating s of oscillating flow (Kruseman and Method Reference probably derive muchtheirofyi probably derive .0002 .0004 0.0004 Storage Storage coefficient /d) van der Kamp analysi 2 , seconds; SJWMD, St. Johns Rive SJWMD, St. Johns , seconds; " 3,300 (ft Upper and Lower Floridan aqui Floridan Upper and Lower Trans- 12,000 11,000 47,000 39,000 51,000 51,000 48,000 53,000 36,000 67,000 57,000 46,000 35,000 FL, Florida; GA, Georgia; SC, South missivity 251 160 280 330 220 500 300 180 220 220 400 545 555 204 (ft) , minutes; , minutes; ' open open interval Bottom of of Bottom ytical solution; V, Floridanand aquifers equivalent clastic units, coastal Georgia 131 125 145 145 130 240 140 115 118 118 208 252 252 142 open open Top of Below land surface Below land r Floridan aquifers in Duvall County, Florida, County, r Floridan aquifers in Duvall interval (ft) , UF,LF, Lower Floridan aquifer; 8054'51" 81°12'32" 81°14'15" 81°11'18" 80°59'36" 81°04'30" 81°04'23" 81°03'32" 81°01'49" 81°02'45" 81°05'00" 81°08'17" 81°08'08" 81°06'08" ment of Natural Resources. State: Natural Resources. ment of foot/day/foot; °, degrees; foot/day/foot; °, degrees; SL, straight line anal 32°44'52" 32°44'58" 32°40'51" 32°22'11" 32°27'59" 32°32'05" 32°31'48" 32°30'07" 32°29'08" 32°27'53" 32°16'19" 32°32'59" 32°32'35" 32°26'48" e Upper or Lower Floridan aquifers] R, South Carolina Depart R, South Carolina percent; do., ditto; ft/d/ft, JAS-104 JAS-346 JAS-390 JAS-389 JAS-384 JAS-375 JAS-386 JAS-342 JAS-391 JAS-392 JAS-372 HAM-195 HAM-211 HAM-208 UF, Upper Floridan aquifer; LF UF, Upper Other identifier Other Latitude Longitude ity based on specific capacity; specific based on ity lti-aquifer wells completed in the Upper and Lowe Well 31JJ-t1 29II-o1 33EE-f2 33EE-c4 33EE-v3 32HH-s2 30HH-o1 31GG-o3 31GG-p5 31GG-x5 31HH-b3 32GG-n1 32GG-n2 identifier 31HH-m3 Transmissivity andTransmissivity storage coefficient of the Upper and Lower do do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. /d, feet squared per day; %, /d, feet squared per Jasper 2 Hampton do SC do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. According to Spechler (1994), mu State County a Table A-1. A-1. Table and adjacentof South Carolina parts and Florida—Continued [ft, foot; ft USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCDN aquifer analysis; SC, transmissiv updip aquifer equivalent to the updip aquifer carbonat method not cited. Hydrologic unit: Hydrologic method not cited.