Moon River Lake Plan Initial Committee Meeting Notes October 13, 2007

February 2010

Why was a Stewardship Plan needed for the Moon River?

The word is out about Muskoka, and demand is high for a piece of the dream. People are attracted to this area for its natural beauty and lifestyle, and they now come here in big numbers. Our River is sacred to us. We rely on it for rest and recreation. As more and more people come to enjoy our River, change is inevitable. More people often equate to reductions in water quality, increased noise and light pollution, pressure on fish and wildlife populations, and destruction of wetlands. Our viewscapes and developmental activities have become matters of concern for Moon River Stakeholders. The legacy, heritage and natural beauty of the Moon River are under pressure. Whether you are a permanent resident, cottager, visitor, governmental employee, part of a community organization, or simply doing business in the area, you are a Stakeholder and have a vested interest in the quality of life on the Moon.

In earlier years, nature could wash away the damage we caused during the short summer population peak. The cycle of the seasons could renew our Moon River to its original pristine condition. Not any more. With greater population density and the developmental pressures caused by growth, we are now in a vulnerable state and with that comes the responsibility for better stewardship of the riches we have inherited. Good Stewardship is important if we want to preserve what we have come to love about Muskoka.

The bottom line is this. We cannot just rely on nature or governmental agencies to protect us from ourselves. We need to get personally involved and act to preserve our environment.

So, what is “Stewardship” in the context of this initiative? Stewardship is “an ethic that embodies cooperative planning and management of environmental resources with organizations, communities and others to actively engage in the prevention of loss of habitat and facilitate its recovery in the interest of long‐term sustainability”1. This, of course, requires that all interested stakeholders lend their voices and efforts to influence the direction of policy for land use planning. To this end, a copy of our Stewardship Plan will be presented to and filed with the Township of Muskoka Lakes for inclusion in their official plan. Over the coming years, this Plan should be reviewed and renewed periodically (perhaps in the same cycle in which the Township Official Plan is reviewed) to meet the pressures of the day and with a view to the future as well as the past.

The Moon River Stewardship Plan is a call to action for all Stakeholders. Our message is: “get involved”; we must take responsibility for our own destiny. After reviewing the Plan, we hope that you will identify a personal goal and act on it and make a commitment to Stewardship. There are many recommendations in this report, and they were all developed by you the Stakeholders.

1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada – “Stewardship in Action” Program

1 This plan was developed on your behalf by concerned volunteers. The finished plan belongs to all of the Stakeholders. It is our hope that governmental bodies and agencies (including the Township of Muskoka Lakes, the District of Muskoka, the Province of Ontario, MNR), local community groups (including the Muskoka Heritage Foundation, the Moon River Property Owners Association, and the Muskoka Ratepayers Association), businesses (including OPG, the Muskoka Lakes Chamber of Commerce, local developers and businesses) and individual Stakeholders will see one or more of the Plan’s recomendaions as being their responsibility to act on.

We want to thank Patricia Arney both in her capacity as the former President of the Moon River Property Owners Association and as Township Councillor, Township of Muskoka Lakes, who initially proposed the idea of the Moon River Stewardship Plan. We also want to thank Anna Mallin who worked with the Trillium Foundation to procure a $15,800 grant that enabled us to put together the Plan. Thank you also goes to Randy French and Jasmine Chabot of French Planning Services Inc. who worked closely with your committee to offer their support, experience, guidance and wisdom. Thanks also goes to all of our stakeholders who gave of their time to respond to our survey, attend our Stakeholder meetings, and give personal input regarding the issues facing us. Finally, thanks to all of the members of the Stewardship Committee who worked so diligently to gather information, prepare reports, attend committee meetings, and who assisted in the writing and editing of this Plan.

We trust that you the interested reader (and therefore a Stakeholder), will find this report interesting, informative and sound. We look forward to working with you to implement the recommendations contained herein. Sincerley,

David Sculati Chairman of the The Moon River Stewardship Committee Members: Doug Ball, David Coatsworth, Bryden Currie, David MacIntosh, Anna Mallin, Bob McTavish, Dodd Patterson, Walter Scott, and Marlene Sculati

Preserving our Moon River Heritage The Moon River Stewardship Plan – 2010 Table of Contents

Introduction...... 3 Why do we need a Stewardship Plan?...... 3 What is a Stewardship Plan? ...... 3 How this Plan was Prepared ...... 4 Stewardship Committee Members...... 4 Background Information Considered in the Plan ...... 4 Our River ...... 6 Water Access, Islands and Dams...... 6 Yesterday on the Moon River ...... 8 Special Places and Areas ...... 11 Today: Cottaging on the Moon River...... 12 Stakeholders View of the Bala Reach...... 14 Social and Community Values ...... 19 Importance of Social Events ...... 21 Neighbourliness ...... 21 Noise and Light Pollution...... 22 Recreational Boating:...... 23 Snowmobile, Biking, and Walking Activities ...... 24 Natural Heritage: Our Watershed...... 26 Geography ...... 26 Physical Features ...... 26 Forestry...... 26 Muskoka River Watershed ...... 26 Soil and Surface Features ...... 27 Other Physical Landform Constraints ...... 27 Landscape and Aesthetics – our Viewscape ...... 28 Mining and Extraction...... 28 River Character...... 29 Understanding our Natural Heritage ...... 30 Natural Heritage Protection Policy ...... 30 Water Levels ...... 31 Water Quality ...... 33 How is water quality measured? ...... 33 Sources of Phosphorous ...... 34 Sources of E. Coli Bacteria...... 34 Secchi Measurements...... 34 Historic Water Quality ...... 35 Streams, Wetlands, and Shorelines...... 37 Streams ...... 37 Wetlands...... 37 Aquatic Vegetation Mapping and Shoreline Management ...... 39 Fish Community...... 41 Walleye Rehabilitation ...... 41

1 Fish Habitat ...... 42 Possible Threats To Fish and Fish Habitat...... 42 Other Wildlife ...... 44 Animals we see near the Bala Reach ...... 44 Birds in the air...... 46 Species at Risk...... 49 Invasive Species...... 50 Land Use Facts and Trends ...... 51 Township Official Plan...... 52 Minor Variance Applications ...... 52 Recent By-law changes ...... 53 By-law No. 2009-45 – Regulating the setting of Fires including Fireworks...... 53 By-law No. 2008-56 – Site Modification...... 53 By-law No. 2008-55 – Tree preservation ...... 53 By-law No. 2005-83 – Noise prohibition...... 53 Useful References for Additional Information:...... 54 Appendix 1: Stakeholder Survey ...... 55 Appendix 2: Relevant Stewardship Plan Minutes & Notes ...... 62 Appendix 3: Maps...... 65 Watershed...... 66 Natural Heritage Map...... 67 Lands Owned By OPG & MNR Near The Chutes ...... 68 Map Showing Moon River Shoreline ...... 69 Community Map (to come)...... 70 Appendix 4: Welcome Kit Information ...... 71 Frequently Asked Questions: Zoning, Codes and By-laws:...... 71 Moon River Code ...... 74 Moon River Boating Card Information (page 1) ...... 75 Welcome To Our Cottage!: A Green Guide for Cottage Guests...... 77 Appendix 5: Night Sky Friendly Lighting...... 79 Appendix 6: Memories...... 84 Appendix 7: Ideas that could be developed further ...... 87

Introduction This Plan was developed to serve the needs of Why do we need a Stewardship Plan? the cottagers, residents and other stakeholders The Moon River lies mainly within the who make up the community of people who Township of Muskoka Lakes, whose Official live, work, or cottage on the Bala Reach Plan calls for the preparation of Lake Plans (Reach). This area can be defined (Plan) by their Stakeholders. Such a Plan should geographically as being that portion of the incorporate the collective thoughts and inputs Moon River from where it begins in Bala west of all of the stakeholders including seasonal to the Ragged Rapids and Moon Dams below cottagers (Cottagers) permanent residents the chutes (“chutes” is defined as a waterfall or (Residents), businesses, and transit users of the steep descent in a river). The Plan is meant to Moon River (River) into a document that give a “snapshot” of the River today as well as describes our community and identifies ways to “picture” of how it could look in the future. preserve the lifestyle enjoyed by the community. Many similar communities have already The major goal of this Plan is to identify, undertaken and protect, and completed the Canadian NaBarrett L encourage Lake Plan Cape the tional May Road ackson process. Lake Camp J preservation Gaunt 169 Bay plans are used M Spiers L of our River’s oo n R ive r R by government oad special areas Trafalgar F t Bay to assist them ogo Stree and features Kimberley Point Trafalgar Bay Rd in their Juniper I and guide the The Moon Kimberley I Cameron Echo planning Chutes River Craig I Bay Bala sustainability R d ive Bala Reach nt R r St oi S of the River efforts. r P a g t ch lin a ur n H Pt S White Birch I R E system a ve n rg a do r r g e L e Struan g i n on e e Point The Moon d F l through o Centre

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k k P 1,200 square in stewardship, e R id g Bala mile watershed e Falls land use stretching all planning, and the way from Bala Reach policy approaches. This Plan has no standing in Algonquin law, rather it is a narrative describing the values Hazard Scale 1:50,000 Échelle Park and includes allBoat o fLaunch the MuskMoonoka L aRiver/Balakes –the Milesa 1 nd wis0hes of t1 he Stak2 eholde3 Millesrs. The Town Dock Metres 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Mètres water has nowhere eNarrowlse toro hidden go ! The MONToonARIO River Stakeholders would like to encourage applicable shallow area - please is a “water trail” thatreduce co speednn eforc ts two of the most governments to clarify and harmonize existing famous recreational asafetyre reasonsas in the country – municipal policies and practices which Muskoka and Georgian Bay. specifically address the sustainability of our unique natural and cultural landscape as North Bay identified in this Plan. This Moon River

11 Stewardship Plan is a living document that will Algonquin Provincial 69 Park continue to evolve over time as individual

Parry Sound Huntsville circumstances and issues change and new Muskoka River Watershed Bracebridge information becomes available. Gravenhurst

400 Orillia What is a Stewardship Plan? Barrie A Stewardship Plan is an action-oriented plan developed by the stakeholder community to reflect and preserve the special character of the Toronto River. The end results, which are derived from 401 implementing the recommendations contained in the Plan, is the protection of our River’s Muskoka River Watershed 3

Figure 2.1 Muskoka River Water Management Plan Location Map special areas and features through land use help in the formation of an independent regulation and stewardship approaches, for the Stewardship Committee to create such a plan. present users, for new users, and for the Once a committee was struck, their first steps generations to come. The Plan sets a strong were to obtain feedback from as many vision and direction for the future of the River. Stakeholders (cottage and residential owners and The Plan describes our vision for our River renters, commercial establishments, years from now and what we need to do to government, transient River users, etc.) as achieve that vision. The Plan makes possible in order to determine what concerns observations, gives recommendations, and sets and issues existed. An early priority was to objectives to define clearly the targets to be used secure funding to be used in the development of as measures of success. the plan. A successful application was filed for a monetary grant from the Ontario Trillium The plan identifies our River’s resources, Foundation (www.trilliumfoundation.org/) to attributes, and needs for active stewardship and cover the initial costs. Subsequently, protection including: stakeholder meetings and surveys were used to gather needed feedback. French Planning • The special character of the Moon River; Services Inc. was employed to consult, aid in the • Land use, water, recreation and resource necessary research, and help in the preparation management issues; of the written plan. Details on the Stakeholder meetings and Surveys can be found in the • Information gaps that require additional work; attached Appendices 1 & 2. The commitment of the Planning Committee and the dedication The Plan also of individual volunteers have been the catalyst • Provides detailed action-oriented for this Plan. recommendations for land use policy (official plan, zoning, and municipal By- Stewardship Committee Members laws) and stewardship approaches Members of the Moon River Stewardship (communications plan e.g. group meetings, Committee were as follows: David Sculati information sharing, and restoration (Chair), Doug Ball, David Coatsworth, Bryden projects) for future needs; Currie, David MacIntosh, Anna Mallin, Bob • Explores the relationship between land use McTavish, Dodd Patterson, Walter Scott, and activities and the Marlene Sculati. The River’s environment, committee would like to and relates it to the thank Bob Pozzobon for ecological scale of the his preparation of the watershed. “Frequently Asked Questions” and Jan How this Plan was Collins for assistance in Prepared the development of the The Moon River Property historical information Owners Association contained in this plan. (MRPOA) is an association for Moon Background River Stakeholders Information Considered interested in enhancing in the Plan The Stewardship the living and cottaging Stakeholder Meeting experience on the Moon Committee with the help River and in conserving and improving the of French Planning Services completed the health of the River and its watershed. During collection and analysis of background the annual general meeting in 2006 the information. The Committee felt that this was Association Directors asked for volunteers to the best way to minimize costs as well as to 4

promote and maintain a high level of expertise Stakeholder workshops were an integral part of about the River. Our consultants at French the planning process, enabling everyone who Planning Services provided support in project lives, cottages, works or plays on the River to management and technical expertise in biology participate in the process. Cottagers and and planning, as well as input to the analysis and Residents were invited to attend Stakeholder mapping of research findings. The Stewardship Committee focused on the collection of existing information from agencies and river-based initiatives, including biological inventories of fish and wildlife habitat, wetlands and shoreline vegetation, mapping, and local knowledge regarding the cultural heritage and historical development of the River’s watershed. Current land use changes and challenges, including resource extraction, lot counts and zoning, impacts of redevelopment and high density development, and long-term impacts of climate change were also investigated with the aid of local experts. Once this information was Stewardship Committee at work collected, the Committee could then identify gaps and prioritize the collection of new workshops that were held in Bala in July 2008 information within the available financial and and May 2009. Presentations and feedback personnel resources of the association with were also made and collected during various input from our consultants. Collecting regular meetings of MRPOA. The purpose of background information helps to identify the workshops and presentations was to provide important values, development constraints and information about the planning process, to land use considerations. Detailed mapping promote discussion among the Stakeholders, to provides a means to focus and integrate seek out and identify important values and important data. The information and data special features that support the current high collected from the public consultation and the quality of life in the watershed community, and background reports are synthesized into the to identify the issues that impact these values. Plan, and are used to develop and confirm a Ideas discussed regarding potential solutions to detailed list of actions. For instance, water any concerns that were raised provided guidance quality has been monitored on the Moon River for identifying priorities and developing for several years through the work of appropriate strategic actions. volunteers. Available data have been incorporated into this plan.

Stakeholder Workshop May 2009

Our River The Bala Reach begins and ends with dams. This Plan is focused on the Bala Reach which is Beginning in the east, the placement and defined as that part of the river that reaches ownership are as follows: from Bala Bay in Lake Muskoka through the Moon Chutes and into the area below the Chutes where the Moon River separates into two Looking South from the North Falls in Bala parts, the beginning of the Musquash River and the • North and South Bala Falls Dams: The continuation of the Moon River below the MNR owns these two dams which are Moon Dam. (See Appendix 3 Maps: located in the town of Bala. Plans are “Watershed”) currently under review to turn over operation of these sites to Swift River Water Access, Islands and Dams Energy Ltd. who are proposing a new Water access for boating on the River is mainly power generation plant to be built at the via a public boat launch maintained by the site. At the time of writing this Plan, Swift Township of Muskoka Lakes. This launch site River’s preferred location is on the west side is located on River Street (just off Highway 169) of the small island (sometimes referred to as in the town of Bala. A public dock is also Burgess Island), located between the North available at the foot of Portage Road (just off and South Falls. Highway 169) in Bala. A public park (Jaspen Park) with a swimming beach is located off Pine Ridge Road (just off District Road 38) in Bala. The Public Dock and Jaspen Park are suitable for launching canoes and kayaks but not trailered boats. The built up areas on the Reach are almost all cottage or residential in nature. The Bala Reach contains five developed and several undeveloped islands. The developed islands are (from east to west) White Birch Island with 7 cottages, Juniper Island (1 cottage), Cameron-Craig Island (1), Kimberly Island (2), and Tooke Island (2). Important North and South Bala Falls Dams undeveloped islands include a small island in the Moon Chute area that hosts a memorial cross (Dean Island) and, in the same area, a larger island defined by the course of the Moon River on three sides with the Chutes on the fourth side (Hydro Island).

• Burgess Dam & Generating Station: This During normal periods, most of the Moon dam is located on the millstream in Bala and River water flow passes into the Musquash is owned and operated by Algonquin River which continues through the Big Power. Eddy dam (built in 1913 and presently used for power generation) and then flows into Go Home Lake. Go Home Lake empties into the Gibson River at its south end and the Go Home River at its north end. The Gibson and the Go Home Rivers then flow into Georgian Bay. • There are also several poured concrete dams in the areas past the Chutes which are used to maintain the water level above the operable dams. These dams are owned and maintained by the MNR.

Burgess (Mill Stream) Dam

Ending in the West:

• Moon Dam: This dam is located to the northwest of the (to your right going downriver) fork in the River where it splits at Tooke’s Island. Beyond the dam, the River flows eventually to Georgian Bay. The dam is not used for power generation Typical Concrete Dam and is owned and operated by Ontario Power Generation (OPG). • Ragged Rapids Dam & Generating Station: This dam was put into service in 1938 and is located to the southwest (to your left going downriver) fork of the River after it splits at Tooke’s Island. These facilities are also owned and operated by OPG. Beyond the dam, the Musquash River begins.

Ragged Rapids Dam

Yesterday on the Moon River In 1881, Thomas helped with the resettlement The Moon River passes through an area rich in of the Gibson Indian Band who moved from timber resources and was opened for settlement Oka, Quebec to the shores of Black Lake in following the passage of the Gibson Township. The Free Grants and Gibson Reservation is now Homesteads Act in 1868. known as the Wahta Prior to this, officials Mohawk Territory. considered turning all of Muskoka into a Native Originally, Muskoka was Reserve. By the late 1800’s, administered as a part of the fertile farmlands of Simcoe County, with Southern Ontario were county offices based in already starting to fill up, Barrie, Ontario. In 1888 it and there was a rising tide was separated and the area of immigrants from Great became the new Medora Britain and elsewhere that and Wood County. needed a place to settle. Thomas Burgess served as Therefore the government Reeve for several years. In of the newly established 1873, Mr. A. P. Cockburn, Canada set up an Act in an early steamship owner 1868 that would give 100 to and operator on Lake 200 acres of land in the Muskoka asked the areas around eastern Government to build dams Georgian Bay to settlers Bala Summer Station at Bala to control the water who would consent to spend five full years on level and raise the level of that, unbeknownst to them, unforgiving soil and Lake Muskoka, to prevent his steamships from eke out an existence. The settlers were required going aground on rocks or sandbars on the to clear 15 acres of land and build within five Lake. The first wooden crib dams at the South year’s time. Following passage of the Act, and North Falls were built in 1873. These were settlers began to arrive in the area and began to replaced with concrete piers on the South Falls take up farming. As we now know, the land was for the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railroad not very suitable for farms since the soil was in 1907. The current concrete piers on the thin, the forests thick, and the stones abundant. North Falls were built in 1958. However, several farms were developed along the shores of the Moon River. In 1917, Dr. Sandy Burgess (a son of Thomas Burgess and the first mayor of Bala) established Thomas W. Burgess, a Scottish-born settler, the Bala Electric Light and Power Plant on the moved his family to what was then known as same Mill Stream site. Electric lights were first Musquash Falls in 1868. He opened a store turned on in Bala on October 6, 1917. In 1929, (and later a sawmill, blacksmith shop and Ontario Hydro bought the plant and operated it bakery) to serve the pioneers attracted to this until 1957. This generating station supplied settlement by the Muskoka free land grants. In power for much of the area. The generating 1872, Burgess became postmaster of the first capacity was removed in September 1972 when post office. He gave it and the town the name the dam was repaired. In 1989 the Power of Bala Falls, naming them after the town of House was renovated and put in use again by a Bala in Wales. Eventually the name was private company. Today (2009), this facility is shortened to Bala, which means “outlet” (the known as the “Burgess Dam” and is operated outflow of a river from a lake) in Welsh. by Algonquin Power.

In 1870, Burgess opened a sawmill and built a A power plant used to harness the energy of the timber dam and waterwheel on the Mill Stream. water as it dropped into the Moon River was 8

built between the North and South Bala Falls in Homestead Act mentioned earlier. Later, the 1924. This plant was decommissioned and farmers began to rent out rooms to visitors and demolished in 1972. Downriver, the Ontario tourism was born in the area. As the tourists Hydro Ragged Rapids Dam and Generating grew to love the area, they began to return Plant were built below the Chutes in 1938. In regularly staying with the farmers who were now order to allow for the transporting of the building modest “lodges” or housekeeping units supplies needed to build this dam and generating plant, a straight channel was blasted through the granite rock to allow boats and barges access to the lower level of the Moon River through the Chutes. Water was raised by about 16 feet when the area was subsequently flooded after the dams were completed.

John Reed Board was the son of John Board Senior who owned and operated the Clifton House hotel in Bala built in 1890. John Junior and Stella Hildegard Hostetter both drowned at the Chutes on June 29, 1890.

A memorial cross has been placed on the island at the mouth of the Chutes with an inscription that reads: IN LOVING MEMORY OF JOHN REED, SON OF JOHN AND MARY BOARD Moon River Chutes about 1922 DIED JUNE 29, 1890 AGED 27 YEARS to accommodate their new source of revenue. THY WILL BE DONE Later the visitors began to purchase small lots and build their own cottages. However, there The community of Bala officially became a were no roads along the River. Frank Tooke town in 1914 and is now a part of the Township provided transportation to the growing of Muskoka Lakes. The name “Muskoka” community along the River by operating boats comes from the name of a chief of the Ojibwa to move logs, supplies, and people. Later, his in this region, Mesqua Ukee. The name “Moon son Les took over the water taxi business. The River” is thought to be derived from its Ojibwa site of their boathouse, which was located just name moonz-ziibi, which means “moose river”. below the North Falls, was later turned into a Musquash is a First Nations word meaning restaurant. Originally, the River between Bala “muskrat”. and the dams below the Chutes was known as the Musquash River. Frank Tooke arranged In 1910, William Carr opened an ice cream with the authorities to change the name to parlour beside the North Falls in Bala. His Moon River. (Bala An Early Settlement in daughter Kathleen Carr took over the business Muskoka by Bob Petry). which was first called Carr’s Ice Cream Parlour and changed the name to Carr’s Arcadia. The Many farms, hotels and lodges have been building was demolished in 1953 to make room operated on or near the Moon River over the for a new road and bridge. Today there is a years including: small park on this same site adjacent to the United Church in Bala. • Renshaw’s Moon Chutes House had a capacity of about twenty guests. It used to The original settlers along the River were stand in what is now a bay on the right side farmers who arrived to take advantage of the of the River just below the Chutes. The 9

area was flooded in 1938, when the water • Lionel Foord Farm was located on Foord level was raised after Ragged Rapids dam Road. was built. The flooding forced the • Moon Haven Lodge was located on Hurling Renshaw's and Capt Tooke to move to Point near the narrows (built before the what is now called Tooke’s Island just construction of Hurling Point Road). below the Chutes. The Renshaw’s daughter married Captain Frank Tooke. • Summerhill Cottage was built in 1900 at the end of Hurling Point and operated as a • Thomas and Susan Ann Wilson purchased a guest home until 1927. Rates were $15.00 farm in Gaunt Bay from Charles and Arthur per week or $2.50 per day. Summerhill Gaunt. The original farmhouse was built in Cottage was demolished in 1966. 1903 or 1904 and is located on the river side of Moon River Road. • Alfred Jackson built Jackson’s House (also called The Bala Wharf Inn) around 1905 with a capacity of about thirty guests. • Len Dave Lodge on White Birch Island.

Wilson Farm • Edwin P. Huggett also had a farm on Gaunt Bay. He operated a summer tourist resort called Muskoka Rest. E. Hugget’s House (Muskoka Rest) was founded about 1905 and had a capacity of about fourteen guests. • Henry Hurling established a farm in 1888 at the end of Hurling Point Road. He transported his goods to town along a footpath that roughly follows what is now route 38 into Bala. Signs of the trail can still Moon River Chutes circa 1922 be seen today. • A third farm in the area was Grassmere. It • Kimberley Haven on Kimberley Point. operated as a dairy farm for many years on • Trafalgar Bay Cottages on Moon River the shores of Gaunt Bay. Road. • Joseph Spencer’s Farm started in 1883 on • Roselawn Lodge (or Rose Lawn as it was Hurlings Point Road. His son Charles took originally called) was built by Thomas over the farm in 1894 after the death of his Burgess in 1903. It is located about half a father (who is buried at the then eastern mile downriver from Bala. It had a capacity edge of the farm). Charles and his wife of about 75 guests. The lodge declined turned the old homestead into a guest during the depression years and in 1939 was house called Hillcrest Lodge and built purchased by Fred Nation, who started to several small cabins to provide additional renovate it. In 1941 the main building was guest accommodation. Many of these destroyed when a neighbour’s grass fire got cabins still exist and are in use today. out of control burning it to the ground. A new main lodge was built a little further 10

down river. Edward Nation took over the • Balacade resort that ended up with fifteen cabins for • Dunn’s Pavilion/Kee to Bala rent plus ten more rooms in an annex for a total accommodation of about sixty guests. • Jaspen Park The dining room also became a favourite • Tooke’s Island local destination for dinner, serving around 20,000 meals every summer. • Boat Launch Additional information on some of the original • Beaver Dam in Moon Chute Bay settlers and their descendants can be obtained • Steep Rock Faces along the River near from: Bala The Way It Was by Bunty and Lorne Cameron Craig Island and below the chutes Jewitt, and Bala An Early Settlement in Muskoka by Bob Petry. Historical and • Old Cottage Sites (particularly Kimberly Geographical Points of Interest Point and Juniper Island) • Wetlands near or in Whitefish Bay, Echo Special Places and Areas Bay, Trafalgar Bay, and Moon Chute Bay During the Stakeholder meeting, participants were asked to identify “special places and areas” • Cranberry Bogs (Johnson’s and Wahta) on or near the River. The places that were • Mill Stream dam and generating station specifically identified were: • Bala summer train station • The Chutes including Dean Island which has the memorial cross • Old Hotels, Lodges, and Camps (Swastika/Bala Bay Inn, Clifton House/New Windsor Hotel, Roselawn, Hillcrest, Hilltop, Len Dave Lodge)

Identification of “Special Places” at the first stakeholder meeting

Roselawn Lodge building

• Old farms (Wilson, Hurling, Spencer Grassmere) sites. • OPG & MNR lands in the area of the Chutes • North and South Falls in Bala • Town Dock

Today: Cottaging on the Moon River often using cedar posts at the corners of the The town of Bala anchors the Moon River building as a makeshift foundation. Cottages community. Bala, “the town by the waterfalls”, were built close to and overlooking the water so captures the true spirit of Muskoka. Known to that the owner could enjoy his unobstructed many as home of the Cranberry Festival, the view. Water was drawn from the River and in a Kee to Bala, and Don’s Bakery, it is a vibrant few cases from hand dug wells. “Facilities” seasonal (summer) commercial centre. Bala were set up in the “out house”. serves as the business centre for the Moon River community. It contains retail shops and Today, many of these cottages are still being marinas and is home to a weekly farmer’s used. However, many of them are market in the summer season. unrecognizable since the original building has been added on to so many times. Electricity and water services have been added. Foundations may have been added or upgraded. Eventually television antennas were erected which are now being replaced by satellite dishes

Kee to Bala

As tourists started building their own cottages, they often acquired land from the farmers where they had been boarding. Small lots were severed off from the farms, usually in 100 foot frontages. As years went by, these lots were sometimes re-divided as family members decided they wanted their own piece of heaven.

The Ontario Land Registry recorded these lot divisions. Today it is interesting to read the Outhouse documentation covering old transactions as they or cable. Telephones (and now cell phones with contain a lot of detail and history concerning the their accompanying transmission towers) have property. become seemingly indispensable. Docks have sprung up everywhere as motorboats, high- Building codes as we know them today, were powered ski and wakeboard boats, pontoon non-existent when development first began. boats, cigarette boats, and even the occasional Instead, builders (usually the land owner and his airplane have replaced small rowboats used for or her family and friends) relied on their often- fishing and touring the River. Canoes, kayaks, rudimentary handyman skills. Lumber was and even sailboats are now making a welcome usually ordered from one of the local mills (such comeback. as Weismiller Lumber). Cottage designs were simple with one or two rooms being the norm. Electrical services were added as roads were These early cottagers used simple (but effective) built and feeder lines run to the populated areas. building techniques. Small shelters were built, Indoor plumbing was introduced first through 12

the use of hand pumps and later using electric pumps. Later “town water” and sewers were added in the urban areas of the River. Roads have become streets and paving has become acceptable. Garbage and blue-box pickups are now expected.

Some of the best preserved examples of our early cottages can be seen on the end of Kimberly Point although there are many other examples. Today, this is the kind of cottage that most cottagers admire and even want.

Kimberly Point Most of the buildings on our River are older, with some dating from the turn of the 20th century. As property ownership or control within the family changes, updates and renovations to the building can be expected. It would be almost impossible to duplicate one of these cottages today.

Regulations now dictate minimum set backs from the water as well as maximum lot coverage. Building codes dictate electrical requirements, insulation values, the use of heat recovery systems to circulate the air and reclaim exhaust heat in our new “air tight” structures, plumbing systems, foundations, fireplace design, landscaping along the water, docks, septic systems, structural stress levels, potable water, etc., etc., etc. Building permit applications need to be obtained and of course fees paid to the Municipality prior to work being started on your “dream” cottage. Building inspections are made to be sure that everything meets “code”. (See Appendix 4: Welcome Kit: Frequently Asked Questions.)

Stakeholders View of the Bala Reach survey. There were also numerous more casual Today’s cottagers have more elaborate cottaging meetings with interested parties. expectations. We often desire and/or expect services undreamed of when cottaging started. One objective of the first Stakeholder meeting Many of us want (even expect) refuse pick up, put together to allow interested parties to give clear roads for year round access, telephones, voice to their opinions, was to generate a wider television reception, washing machines, modern interest in the process; to solicit input about baths, dishwashers, uninterrupted electrical Stakeholder concerns; learn what actions they services, and Internet access. We complain would like to see; and to gain background when these services are disrupted. We want information. Reports on Stakeholder meetings central heat (sometimes air conditioning) and can be found in Appendix 2. unchanging water levels. We dislike changes to any of the properties we like to look at. We At the first meeting (attended by more than 70 don’t want our “sight line” to change. We don’t Stakeholders) we asked the attendees to identify want our neighbours’ pets roaming loose. We the local issues that concerned them. Next we don’t want to hear other people’s fireworks or asked them to rank these issues as to late night parties – especially on “Hydro” Island. importance for each of their top concerns. The We expect and appreciate good neighbours and concerns mentioned and their level of neighbourliness. importance At least that is were indicated what we heard by the number in this planning of citations process, in our received from surveys and at the attendees the stakeholders’ (see the tables meetings. that follow).

These changes in expectations versus what cottagers wanted even 20 years ago have changed the face of cottage country. Gathering Stakeholder Input Winterized, year round cottages are becoming common and are the norm as new buildings are created or as the rebuilding of existing structures continues.

To help determine what the Stakeholders wanted from their cottage experience, we needed to find out what they cared about. For purposes of this Plan, Stakeholders were identified as cottagers, residents, businesses, and casual users of the Bala Reach. We communicated with the Stakeholders formally through public meetings and an extensive

Concerns Identified By The Stakeholders Number of Concern citations Development and redevelopment particularly in the urban waterfront (increased stress 23 on water quality with more ‘large’ cottages and seasonal cottage conversions to year round homes) 19 Light pollution 14 Unnecessary tree removal 9 Loss of wetlands 7 Boat speeds in narrow areas 6 Water levels 6 Noise pollution 6 Winter access and road maintenance 5 Over fishing 5 Shoreline congestion: boats, docks, water toys and rafts 4 Density, architectural controls 4 Personal Watercraft - irresponsible and inconsiderate boaters 3 Increased boat density 3 Lack of buffer zones – grass to the water 3 Pollutants such as fertilizers 3 Phosphorus threat 3 Late night fireworks and bonfires – curfew needed? 2 Stakeholder apathy 2 Wake damage to shoreline and boats/docks 2 Irresponsible camping at chutes – clean up the area 2 Garbage recycling 2 Bathing in River – outdoor showers, grey water disposal 1 Salt on paved roads Irresponsible garbage disposal - improper containers that allow garbage spillage and bear 1 pilferage 1 Renters not understanding how to behave 1 Septic tank pollution 1 Sewers on River Street 1 Beaver/goose/invasive species presence and threatened

We also asked the attendees to tell us specific actions that they would like to see implemented. The actions and their rankings were as follows:

Number of Action citations 13 Publish Boating Card/Raise awareness of boating regulations 13 Septic re-inspection program 13 Investigate means to protect and preserve Chutes/OPG land 11 Boat size restrictions 8 Broader notification of minor variance and zoning By-law requests 7 Education about and preservation of the environment 7 Communicate rules regarding regulation of building sizes, sites, and local By-laws 7 Work with authorities regarding water level ranges 7 Communicate meeting results via newspapers 6 Education and communication regarding rules and curfews 5 Involve youth - community hours 5 Buoys and markers and speed signage 5 Secure the future of the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) chutes area lands 5 Improve communications with stakeholders 4 Water level management 3 Monitor fishing - stocking, moratorium on pickerel 3 Work within the Township and District Official Planning Review process 3 Water testing program 3 Document water level property damage 2 Fish Stocking Program 2 Limit motorboat activities in certain areas 2 Incentives for electric and 4 stroke motors 0 Mind your wake” campaign 0 Invite Conservation officer presence 0 Set up arbitration methods

Our Stakeholder survey was an important tool that we used to help understand the Stakeholders and what they expected from their cottage experience. Approximately 492 surveys were issued to Stakeholders including cottage and property owners, and local businesses. 123 responses were received, a 25% response rate. In the survey, we asked for their input on many issues. Some of these responses are shown here to help the reader profile the Stakeholders. (For complete survey results see Appendix 1.)

Respondents were asked about their participation rates in certain recreational activities. They were asked to rank their level of activity in each category. The most popular answers in each category was as follows:

Boating: “Often” 54% Canoeing/Kayaking: “Sometimes” 57% Fishing: “Sometimes” 51% Hunting: “Never” 91% Ice Fishing: “Never” 90% Jet Skiing: “Never” 87% Nature Appreciation: “Often” 64% Reading: “Often” 83% Socializing: “Often” 65% Swimming: “Often” 65%

Other survey highlights were as follows:

 92% (9 out of 10) of respondents believe that they maintain their property shoreline in a natural state, 63% have a sandy beach of which 82% believe the beach to be natural. 80% of respondents said they do not use fertilizers.  The most common docking form is a floating dock (49%) with an average length of 24 feet.  76% of respondents obtain household water from the River.  59% of respondents obtain drinking water from a town source.  90% of respondents use the District garbage/blue box pick up service.  85% of respondents have a septic system that is cleaned out about every 4 years. 80% would favour a requirement for septic re-inspections.  94% feel that the water quality of the River is good to excellent. Concerns were listed as bacteria, clarity, and weeds.  35% - 42% listed water level fluctuations as an issue.  Only 17% either rent out their cottage or own rental property.  55% to 85% of respondents feel that in the last 5 years there are more lawns, residential development and shoreline structures affecting the appearance of the shoreline.

The next table shows the percentage of people responding when asked if the following were “important” to them. The numbers represent a percentage of the responses.

Water Quality 98% Swimming 98 Peace and Tranquility 91 Water Levels 88 Wildlife 88 Natural Shorelines 83 Night Skies 83 Landscapes 76 Non-Powered Boats 71 Power Boats 55 Fishing 50 Personal Watercraft 26 Hunting 2

Respondents were also asked what issues have had a negative impact on their enjoyment of the River over the past 5 years. The percentages were:

Changing water levels 70% Boat traffic 57 Personal Watercraft 56 Daytime noise 31 Outdoor lighting 29 Development 28 Night time noise 26 Fireworks 26 Wetlands Destruction 16 Water pollution 15 Vegetation removal 14 Snowmobiles 9 Over fishing 7 All Terrain Vehicles 6

One of the goals for this Plan was to learn more about the concerns and wishes of the Stakeholders as to future growth. With this in mind, one of the survey questions was: “How do you feel about the following types of future development/activities in the neighbourhood of the Moon River?” The responses were as follows:

Types of Development Oppose Accept Neutral Residential 26 54 20 Condominiums 96 2 3 Hotels/lodges 88 2 11 Rental Cottages 38 40 23 Golf Courses 62 19 19 Restaurants 43 40 18 Marinas 43 39 18 More Public Access 55 23 22

It is clear from the answers that a majority of Social and Community Values those that returned their survey are opposed to During the planning process it became clear that the addition of most large scale, commercial there are many local natural, historical and operations on the River but are clearly open to cultural sites that help to connect us to the River continued development of the residential base and to the history of the area. If they are to be and would consider the addition of some protected for the future generations, it is specialized commercial operations. The important to develop an awareness and Township of Muskoka Lakes zoning regulations appreciation of these unique features. govern development on the River. Only a few River properties are zoned for commercial use. We determined from the results of the survey These regulations do not speak to the that it is important to the Stakeholders that the preservation or enhancement of the mix of uses River remain “as it is”. However, we must also (residential versus commercial) on the River. recognize that while regulations such as Zoning and Building By-laws can protect our interests Another question pertinent to future as landowners, make our properties safer, add developments was: Should the Township value to our ownership, and help to preserve the regulate site alteration (e.g., maintenance of trees character of our cottage neighbourhood, they and other vegetation) on the shoreline of the can also require changes as developments to a River when an application is made for a building property are requested and approved. permit or minor variance, 84% of the 125 respondents said yes. Questioned if there Much as citizens participate in local activities at should be residential or commercial home (in their “neighbourhood), cottagers and development on the shoreline of the Moon Moon River residents must think of the Reach River that is owned by the crown (MNR) or as their “other” neighbourhood and the fellow Ontario Hydro (including the Chutes and the users of the River as their neighbours. Just as dams), 92% of the respondents said no. Eighty citizens adopt a portion of a highway in order to four percent (84%) of respondents believe that keep it clean, we must take responsibility for our regulatory codes should speak to retaining and own future on the River. An “Adopt the River” or improving the character of the Moon River. approach could be developed and promoted to Stakeholders in an ongoing way. New initiatives

could include a “Clean up the River” day Recommendations: (Based on Stakeholder (especially aimed at the public and chutes areas), input and the additional information which was as well as promotion of public stewardship gathered during the preparation of this Plan, awareness, activities, and good neighbourliness. these recommendations and those which follow, There are many reasons for people to get were formulated to help guide future stewardship activities.) involved: 1. Stakeholders should act to put into practice the • Wide participation is needed if such a recommendations contained in this Stewardship program is to be successful. Success of any plan that they are particularly interested in. Stewardship Plan is directly related to the Depending on their interests, a Moon River number of people who unite together to Stewardship Committee or Foundation could be support its implementation. formed to work collectively on these issues. No matter the format(s), the mission would be to • Community involvement. If Stakeholders are to become actively involved, they must implement the recommendations in this Stewardship see that their neighbours care about the Plan. Hereafter these groups and individuals will river and expect group behaviour to reflect be collectively referred to as the Moon River this (just as public awareness and peer Stewardship Council (MRSC). pressure have done so much to stamp out 2. The MRSC should work with the MNR and smoking). We must take pride in the Moon OPG to be sure that the lands that they own in the River and work with others who care about area of the Chutes are preserved and maintained keeping it beautiful. We need to lead our into the future. children by example. 3. Rock faces are important to our viewscape and can • Have fun, get exercise and get outdoors! be protected under existing site alteration By-laws. Gather friends, family, and neighbours and The Township must recognize that these formations enjoy doing something that makes a are important to the Stakeholders and should not be tangible difference! blasted away for building projects. • Gain publicity for good Stewardship. 4. The MRSC must work with the Township and the Interested parties could spearhead an effort MNR to identify eco-sensitive areas and assure that to encourage good Stewardship. An they are protected from hard built form (crib docks example could be to place signage at the and break walls) or dredging for construction boat launch site and at Jaspen Park that projects or boat passage. promotes themes such as “The Moon River 5. The MRSC should develop an appropriate method Stewardship Council has adopted the Moon to formally determine, designate, plaque, and protect River. Please help us keep it clean, our local buildings and trails of historical interest. beautiful, and safe”. 6. To enhance a feeling of community and encourage good neighbourliness, the MRSC should prepare a Moon River Information Kit to be given to both new and existing Moon River cottagers and residents. Information could include: “The Moon River Code”, “Frequently Asked Questions”, “The Moon River Boating Card”, “User’s and Renter’s Guide”, and “Night Sky Lighting”, (see Appendix 4: Welcome Kit). The kit can be updated as needed and would help educate the recipient about the River and how they can contribute to its Stewardship.

Jaspen Park 20

Importance of Social Events almost fully developed and in many cases the Life on the Moon River would not be what it is distances between cottages are almost city-like without the many social events enjoyed by the in terms of density. All Stakeholders must be residents. These events include private included in the Stewardship process. There are gatherings where generations of families meet to many community building activities that the update one another about their goings-on. MRSC and MRPOA could consider and Many families have kept in touch over several undertake. generations through both formal and informal events. As an example, the residents of To encourage a feeling of community, Kimberly Point are organized into an fundraising to benefit the needs of the area Association with their own letters patent and By could be considered. In years past, Stakeholders Laws. They share a community water system have made sporadic donations to support some and maintain a recreation building where several local causes such as the local Hospital (we all Kimberly Point social events are held each year. need and use the emergency room). Annual donations or participation and support for There are additionally, a number of more formal community-based organizations (Christmas events available to those interested. MRPOA Parade, Cranberry Festival, Township of sponsored events have recently included an Muskoka Lakes Volunteer Fire Department, annual regatta, a corn roast, a jazz cruise, and a South Muskoka Memorial Hospital) should be “Meet and Greet” event. Interestingly, a considered so that the community sees the different mix of people seem to attend each Moon River Stakeholders as good neighbours and not just as self-interested, seasonal tourists. An annual Moon River photo contest or Moon River Calendar collections or collaborating with local businesses (e.g. night sky lighting fixture sale) could all be considered as neighbourhood building techniques.

Recommendations: 7. A stewardship newsletter and website could be used event. MRPOA also maintains a website, to promote a sense of community by providing informal e-mail bulletins and a semi-annual “neighbourhood” information including births, newsletter. Their activities serve to bring people deaths, marriages, information about events in the together, developing a sense of community over area, etc. Publication frequency could be three or time. four editions per year. A regular feature discussing Stewardship issues would help in our public Neighbourliness education process. (i.e., well researched theme One of the concerns expressed by the articles on subjects like water quality, power Stakeholders during the Stakeholder meetings generation, healthcare issues in Muskoka, light and through the survey was a need to pollution, etc.) Contributions from guest writers reemphasize and exhibit good neighbourliness from the community could be solicited. amongst the users of the Moon River. 8. The MRSC should recognize the need for enhanced Frustrations were expressed regarding what was community involvement and support local charities perceived to be inappropriate behaviour (i.e. hospital emergency room services) through including noise pollution, night lighting fundraising events. pollution, rude boating behaviour, pets roaming freely, and a general need for more user 9. The MRSC should create and maintain a complete attention to “cottage etiquette”. It was felt that contact list of all stakeholders including all civic the days when the cottage was a place to go to addresses that front the River so that Stewardship escape “civilization” and “rules” are now long initiatives can be publicized and promoted. gone. Like it or not, the Moon River is now 21

Noise and Light Pollution A common term for a negative lighting effect is The quiet and darkness of the shorelines are an “Unwelcome Light Trespass”. This occurs important social component of cottager’s where streetlights or a neighbour’s outdoor enjoyment of the area. Excessive and lighting casts light out to the sides and into a unnecessary noise and lighting detract from the neighbour’s or other cottager’s view. This is not natural ambiance of the River. Setting off only annoying and inconvenient, it can actually fireworks and partying outdoors late into the interfere with your neighbour’s activities and the night were often cited as annoying by the use and enjoyment of his / her property. Yet Stakeholders. Bright lights that can be seen everyone knows that cottagers on the Moon from the shoreline result in reduced visibility of River want to be “good neighbours”. the starscape. Unnatural lighting also affects sensitive ecological systems, such as disrupting We all know that there is a need for some night feeding and breeding behaviours of nocturnal lighting. We also understand that unwise and crepuscular (active at twilight) species, e.g., deactivation of outdoor lighting in order to bats, moths, walleye. reduce light pollution or save energy could lead to other problems such as unwanted animal Light pollution, also called photo-pollution or intrusion, break-ins, vandalism, as well as luminous pollution, is excessive or obtrusive vehicle and pedestrian accidents. However, the artificial light. The International Dark-Sky adverse effects produced by many of the Association which describes itself as, "The Light lighting choices we have made, cause Pollution Authority," defines light pollution as: unnecessary glare, light trespass, and visual clutter. This contributes to an inferior night- time environment that can actually decrease our night-time visibility.

Another adverse effect of light pollution is urban sky glow - the glow we see in the sky when we are approaching but are still far from a city centre. This glow is rapidly decreasing our ability to view one of the most important aspects of our cottage country experience, the night-time sky. Wasted energy is also a consequence of poor lighting choices, because much of this light is unused light energy that is Night Sky Observation being cast uselessly into the night instead of concentrating on the lighting task at hand. “Any adverse effect of artificial light including Outdoor lighting is also wasted energy when the sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, amount (think wattage) of light used exceeds the decreased visibility at night, and energy waste.” amount that is actually required. Why use a Light pollution can come from many sources 100-watt bulb when a 25 or 40-watt bulb will such as lighted parking lots, commercial signage do. After all, are you really trying to read and street lighting. Our biggest concern in outside of your front door? cottage country is the residential aspect of light pollution. Spotlights are by far the biggest Besides being wasteful, the glare that results culprits, but dock, path and security lighting can from a light shining sideways instead of also be major offenders. Light pollution was downward can be annoying and potentially sited as the 2nd most concerning problem at our hazardous. It can become a distraction or initial Stakeholder’s meeting. Light pollution blinding to boaters navigating at night, walkers deprives every cottage owner and visitor from trying to find their way towards your door, and seeing the stars and galaxies at their best. to other cottagers who must endure the glare from an unfriendly style of night-time lighting

shining in their windows, onto their dock or properties. (See Appendix 5: Night Sky Friendly deck, and into their line of vision. Lighting.)

This pollution can be avoided by using properly For more information on light pollution, you designed, properly powered, light fixtures that can visit the International Dark-Sky Association shield and minimize sideward and upwards light web site (www.darksky.org) and the Muskoka leakage. Light pollution can be avoided through Watershed Council website: good lighting design and proper shielding. www.muskokaheritage.org/watershed/PDFs/D Outdoor lights should reflect down, not up or arkSkyLighting.pdf. sideways. Light that is not aimed down or at a reasonable angle is wasted and becomes Recommendations: pollution. 10. A MRSC website should be used to advocate night Low voltage lighting is useful for low level sky friendly lighting. Night sky friendly fixtures lighting tasks, but care should be taken to have that are night sky friendly could be reviewed in a them switched off (with timers) rather than MRSC newsletter article. Printed friendly night remaining on throughout the night. sky reminders showing how residents have moved towards night sky friendly lighting could be used to gently remind offending neighbours of the problems they are causing. A similar campaign can be used to help educate Stakeholders regarding noise pollution. Recreational Boating: Not surprisingly, during our survey review, boating was identified as a very popular River pastime. Cottagers own a variety of watercraft due to the opportunities provided for recreational activities on the River. Among the first boats seen on the River (and still very common) were small runabouts and canoes.

Night Lighting Suggestions While everyone feels that she / he have certain Waterskiing is a Favourite Activity “rights”, it is important that she / he realize our Today there are also many large ski and neighbours also have the right not to have noise wakeboard boats, along with the lower carbon or light pollution leak or trespass onto their footprint paddleboats and kayaks. Many cottagers also have sailboats, electric boats, 23

personal watercraft (PWC) and skiffs. A few popular with fishermen, small fishing boats are residents have restored older craft which are often utilized for still fishing and trolling. brought out on special occasions. Non-powered boating (rowboats, canoes and Boating over-capacity on the River was not kayaks) activities are seen as icons to the identified as being a major concern. Although Cottage experience. Participants (including busy at times, the Moon River retains capacity campers who regularly paddle the River), have for more boating. However, stakeholders an image as good neighbours who care about clearly expressed major concern about damage the environment on the River. This type of caused by large wakes from recreational boating. boating experience enhances life on the River. Concerns were also expressed as to safety, particularly with speeding boats in relatively Recommendations: narrow areas. Because of the geographic nature 11. Low impact, non-motorized boating activities such of the River (long with many narrow areas), it is as canoeing, kayaking, and rowing should be difficult to water-ski, wakeboard, or tow float encouraged on the River. The MRSC should work toys without passing through these narrow with the Township to develop our “water trail” by areas. creating signage at boat launch (and portage) sites. The signage could include a large map to identify the Concern was also expressed as to skiing or wake main river channel, eco-sensitive areas, and boarding after dusk and the noise and downriver portage points. The MRPOA regatta continuous wakes caused by “circling” boats. could be used for upgrading skills in non-motorized Circling also impacts natural areas, i.e., wildlife watercraft and to encourage safe, courteous boating habitat disturbance. In shallow vegetated areas, practices, as well as respect for community, through disturbance of the bottom caused by boat education and reference to the practices outlined in motors, negatively impact the vegetation and the “Boating Card”. substrate. Boating courtesy and good neighbourliness on the water were all important Snowmobile, Biking, and Walking Activities to the Stakeholders. There is a snowmobile trail through Bala (C114) that connects to the south via C101B to Gravenhurst and to the north by trails to Port Carling and Parry Sound. These trails and the Ontario “Top C” trail that crosses the Ragged Rapids Road bridge over the Musquash River at the west end of the Bala Reach are maintained

Approaching Ragged Rapids on the Moon

As the only waterway connecting Lake Muskoka with Georgian Bay, the Moon River is a popular body of water to explore in a canoe or kayak. Snowmobiling in Muskoka Its many bays and convenient portages around the dams make the Moon popular for manpowered watercraft with residents and by the Muskoka Lakes Snow Trail Association. visitors alike. Because the Moon River is also The association has responsibilities for the 24

region covering all of the Township of Muskoka Lakes including Bala, Port Carling, north to near MacTier, south to Southwood Road south of Torrance and west to Georgian Bay including the “Top C” trail from the Gibson River to south of MacTier. Because of currents and the lack of a strong frozen surface, the Bala Reach ice is not considered safe for snowmobiling.

During the summer, an annual triathlon (biking, running and swimming) race is held with activities based in Jaspen Park. This event is a welcome addition to the Moon River experience with participants being drawn from both inside and outside the immediate community.

There are no designated walking trails that focus on our stretch of the Moon River. There are, however, several portage routes around the dams for those on canoe treks.

Portage Route Marker Near Ragged Rapids Dam Recommendations: 12. The potential for the development of a multi-use (walking or biking) trail around or in the area of the River should be explored to encourage this low environmental impact activity. Once developed, perhaps such a trail could be added to the Township’s designated trail system. Adding a bicycle lane to HWY 38 could be a great help in this initiative.

Natural Heritage: Our Watershed Muskoka Lakes was established to regulate and Geography prohibit modifications being made to the The Moon River results from its geographic landscape on properties in the Township. location as it lies within the Canadian Shield, There is also a By-law (2008-55) to conserve, also known as the Precambrian Shield or prohibit, protect, restrict, and regulate the Laurentian Plateau. This area covers about half possible harvesting, removal, injuring, damaging of Canada and destruction of trees on private property in as well as the Township. The Official Plan of the most of Township of Muskoka Lakes encourages Greenland landowners to recognize the importance of and part of forested landscapes, to retain existing tree cover the where deemed practical, and to manage northern resources in accordance with proper forest United management practices. Precambrian Shield States; an area of 4.4 There are different government control million square kilometres (1.7 million square mechanisms regulating tree cutting and forestry miles). It is the oldest part of the North operations in Crown forests and in privately American crustal plate and contains ancient owned forests. For more information on fossils of bacteria and algae. The shield is Ontario Forest Management Guidelines please composed of granite and the earth's greatest visit the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) area of exposed Precambrian rock (igneous and website: metamorphic rock formed in the Precambrian www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/2Col geological era 500 million years ago). umnSubPage/STEL02_164533.html.

Physical Features Muskoka River Watershed The physical environment of the Moon River The Moon River forms the primary outflow of watershed can be defined by its local geology, the Muskoka River Watershed. The River soil and climate. These aspects characterize the originates in Bala Bay on Lake Muskoka at Bala, natural and developed landscapes we see around a town located on the southwest shores of Lake us. The River is our principal physical feature. Muskoka, Ontario, Canada, and empties into Others include our landscapes, e.g. developed Georgian Bay, Lake Huron. Several dams lots with cottages/houses, former and current manage water flows and levels along its commercial establishments, islands, streams, corridor. Before it was populated, the area was water falls, dams, bridges, undeveloped areas, heavily forested and, of course, full of lakes and wetlands, forests, bare rock ridges, and old streams that were formed by the movement of agricultural fields. glaciers over the earth’s surface. (A plaque describing the Precambrian Shield is located in Forestry the parking area where the Bala Farmer’s Market Trees play an important role in sequestering is held each Monday in the summer months.) carbon (carbon sinks) and buffering heat released into the atmosphere from respiration, Originally, the Moon River was considered to be soil decomposition and greenhouse gas part of the Muskoka River, which originates in pollution. In light of global warming and a the Algonquin Highlands of western Algonquin changing climate, protecting trees and treed Park. The Lower Muskoka sub-watershed landscapes is extremely important. Trees are makes up approximately the western one-third also important locally for the natural viewscape and receives the inflow from the North and they provide and their ability to visually and South Branches of the Muskoka River as well as biologically buffer development from adjacent Lakes Rosseau and Joseph. This combined flow waterways and properties. A By-law (2008-56) passes through the Moon and Musquash Rivers. of The Corporation of the Township of Below the Reach, the Moon River continues to 26

flow northwest and receives additional water stony, sandy, and acidic, with low fertility and input from Kapikog and Healey Lakes before frequent bedrock outcrops. In segregated discharging into Woods Bay and subsequently pockets, however, silty clay and sand soils create into Georgian Bay (part of Lake Huron) south natural beach areas (such as along the northern of Parry Sound. shores of Gaunt Bay). These shorelines are highly susceptible to erosion caused by Soil and Surface Features fluctuating water levels and flows. (Great Lakes The Bala Reach sits on top of and is a result of Conservation Blueprint for Terrestrial the formation known as the Canadian Shield. Biodiversity, 2005 B. L. Henson and K. E. The shield was the first part of the continent to Brodribb) be permanently raised above sea-level. Subsequent rising and falling, folding, erosion Other Physical Landform Constraints and continental ice sheets have created its Narrow water-bodies, steep slopes, floodplains present topography. The reoccurring invasion and Environmentally Significant Areas (ESA) and withdrawal of the ice sheets (1.6 million to pose constraints to development due to hazards 10,000 years ago) depressed the surface creating to human safety, conservation of local character, Hudson Bay, scraped out tens of thousands of or protection of significant features. Narrow lake basins, carried away much of the soil cover water-bodies are defined as aquatic areas with and re-deposited glacial debris. less than a 150-metre (500 feet) width from shore to shore. The confined nature of these The rocks of the Canadian Shield consist of areas results in the perception of increased crystalline igneous, sedimentary and density and less private recreational space for metamorphic rocks that have had a complex boating and swimming. history of volcanic eruptions, mountain building, faulting, There are several deformation, “narrow water- burial, uplift, bodies” or weathering and corridors along erosion. These the Moon River- rocks contain the Bala Reach majority of including: the Ontario’s metallic main channel mineral deposits below the Bala in areas known as Falls; the “greenstone southern belts” because shorelines of they are White Birch dominantly Island; the composed of northern and green or grey southern volcanic and The Chutes Area shorelines of sedimentary Hurling Point, rocks (Ontario Geological Survey 2008). Echo Bay, Lily Pad Bay at the end of White Fish Bay, the lands abutting Kimberley Island, The rocky, barren shorelines, forests, and Moore’s Bay where the stream enters from wetlands of the Moon River watershed include Hesner Lake; the two small wetland bays to the exposed Precambrian bedrock and shallow west of the Chutes, and the Moon Chutes and glacial tills, remnants of rock and finely ground Ragged Rapids corridor. material largely of granite origin deposited by the glaciers thousands of years ago. The soils The narrow waterway next to the Moon Chutes along the shoreline are predominantly shallow, which was blasted out of the rock in 1937 to

increase water flow and facilitate construction at beaches, steep rock ridges, wetlands and the Ragged Rapids, can contribute greatly to forested upland contribute to the natural beauty differences in water levels above and below of this area. Development and resource their constriction. According to a personal management activities such as aggregate communication from a Ragged Rapids dam extraction or clear-cut forestry practices could operator, “The Bala Reach gauge is located a seriously impact these values. few hundred feet downstream of the MNR dam A viewscape can be defined as what you see from a particular point or along a series of points (e.g. a road or trail). It includes the land, water, rocks, trees, docks, buildings, etc. Viewscape management includes describing, planning, and designing the visual aspects of all components in the viewed area. Managing the aspects of a viewscape can greatly effect the

Looking up river through the chutes at Bala on the Government dock. Gaunt Bay, being downstream of this gauge, would likely show a slightly lower level, by, I would be guessing, a few centimetres depending on the flows in the River. The water elevation difference between the Bala and Ragged Rapids Dams can be great depending on the flows. A Moon River Beach The Moon Chutes constriction causes a bottleneck and restricts the rivers flow which perceived character of an area. Development, can create higher water elevations above the wherever possible, should be harmonized within Chutes than below. The water level difference the viewscape. Identifying and protecting the can be as great as 3 meters when measured at River’s viewscape are important for long-term the Bala dams versus the Ragged Rapids dam. maintenance of the natural beauty that In the summer, (in low flows), the difference surrounds it. A formal viewscape has not been can be as little as a few centimetres.” completed for the Bala Reach.

Landscape and Aesthetics – our Viewscape Recommendations: The Reach contains a mixture of landscapes 13. The viewscapes (including the current and desired varying from built up areas dotted with cottages scenic character) of the Reach should be identified to untouched landforms. Some cottage and respected as part of development site planning buildings are well hidden behind trees on their and approval by the Township in order to protect properties while some sit out in plain view. the natural character of the area. There are several sections along the Reach that feature bare untouched rock. In a few areas the Mining and Extraction rock features have been blasted away in order to At this time, there are no significant mining or make room for development. River visitors also extraction operations in the Bala Reach. appreciate the diverse and beautiful natural However, in almost all cases cottage owners do shorelines and forested landscapes which not control the mineral rights of their provide habitat for fish and wildlife. Significant properties. Since there are no know mineral portions of the shorelines remain undeveloped, deposits in the Bala Reach this has never been a and these vegetated shorelines, natural sand major concern. However, the staking of lands in the Halliburton area by prospectors (over the 28

objections of the land owners) has changed this River Character attitude. On April 30, 2009, the Ontario Southern Ontario can be divided into several Ministry of Northern Development and Mines major drainage systems such as the Northern introduced legislation to modernize Ontario’s Georgian Bay drainage system which represents Mining Act. The Federation of Ontario Cottage those rivers, including the Moon River and Associations (FOCA) has been represented on the tributaries that flow entirely on the Canadian Ministers Mining Act Advisory Committee for Shield. These rivers generally follow fault lines or other bedrock lineaments and their gradients are related to bedrock structures. The northward-trending Moon River is confined by bare rock ridges to a straight north-westward path to Georgian Bay.

The majority of the Moon River watershed has bedrock dominated topography composed of igneous and metamorphic rock which is exposed at the surface or covered by a discontinuous, thin layer of soil (glacial drift), and scattered patches of glaciolacustrine deposits of sand, silt, and clay along the Working Rock Quarry shoreline which create natural sandy beaches many years. In large part, due to lobbying and a grassy meadow (Gaunt Bay). These types efforts by FOCA and representations by various of “soft” shorelines, in general, are highly Stewardship groups, many of the shortcomings sensitive or susceptible to erosion due to identified through this forum appear to have fluctuating water levels and flows. been addressed within this legislation including:

• Removing some private lands completely from staking and exploration; • Enhanced notification given to private land owners of claim-staking prior to exploration; and • The introduction of map staking, eliminating the need for prospectors to physically enter onto private lands. While we are encouraged by the introduction of this enabling legislation, the ultimate results will be manifested in the regulations that will Wetlands Area accompany the bill and which will follow Several shallow bay areas in Gaunt Bay and passing of the legislation. For more information smaller bays northwest of the Chutes and a few on the Ministry of Northern Development and wetlands and streams interspersed throughout Mines, please visit their website at: the sub-watershed are ideal for fish habitat. www.mndm.gov.on.ca. Additional information about FOCA’s involvement on this issue can be Gaunt Bay is a shallow basin, defined by depths of 5-20 feet, with several inflowing intermittent seen on their website located at: www.foca.on.ca. streams. The shoreline is shallow and has considerable annual water fluctuations, which create ideal conditions for the development of Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora – a rare community type tracked by MNR for conservation 29

purposes. Similar pockets of sandy, shallow Bay / Upper Moon River and the Bala Bog. shorelines and Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora are There are no provincially significant scattered throughout the Bala Reach. The main wetlands. channel reaches depths of 60 feet. Maximum • There are several wetlands within the Bala depths occur along the southern shorelines of Reach watershed that are important Kimberley point as the River travels towards the recharge areas and provide important Chutes. Shallower depths (5-20 feet) occur at breeding, spawning and staging habitat for a the outflows of Bala Falls and the inflows at variety of animals. Some of these areas are Moon Chutes. protected (and other areas could be) from incompatible land-use decisions related to Understanding our Natural Heritage development through the Township of Conservation and protection of Moon River’s Muskoka Lakes municipal official plan biological diversity and ecological functionality policies and comprehensive zoning By-laws. from development, pollution, and inappropriate land use activities help to sustain its natural • Fish and threatened and endangered species heritage. This also serves to buffer the impacts at risk habitats are protected under the of climate change and air-borne pollutants. federal Fisheries Act and the Ontario Natural heritage protection also preserves Endangered Species Act. Other regulations recreational and economic opportunities, as well that may afford some habitat protection as our valued quality of life. include: the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, Provincial Parks Act, Crown Forest Natural Heritage Protection Policy Sustainability Act, Planning Act, Public The level of protection of natural areas within Lands Act, Aggregate Act, the the Muskoka River watershed varies. National Environmental Protection Act and the Parks, Provincial Parks, Conservation Reserves, Endangered Species Act. and land trust properties provide the highest • The Muskoka River Watershed Inventory was conducted by the Muskoka River Natural Heritage Areas are those areas Watershed Inventory Project in 2007 in that, on a local, district, provincial or order to identify areas of core ecologic national scale, exhibit characteristics of significance that could be used to develop a historical, geological, archaeological, scenic or biological value. strategy for conservation and protection activities across the watershed. According Muskoka Heritage Areas and Sites were to the analysis, areas of high ecological identified with the goal of protecting importance was low for the majority of the significant features as development occurs in Muskoka. Special areas, such as Bala Reach except for those areas abutting Muskoka Heritage Areas, bring an identity Moon Chutes, the Moon River outflow and to an area and represent the uniqueness upland areas northeast of Kimberley Island. of one part of the Province. There is a These areas received high scores for their need to recognize these special areas in significant natural cover, significant core advance of development pressures in habitat and linkages, and high concentration order to ensure that they are protected of rare species occurrences. The remaining for the future. shoreline area was identified as being ecologically stressed by development in level o f protection. Other areas in the particular along the urban northern watershed receive only partial protection shorelines in Bala and eastward towards depending on existing policies and private Gaunt Bay. landowner agreements (Muskoka River Watershed Project). One of the most fundamental principles of conservation and landscape ecology is that there • Within the Moon River-Bala Reach, there should be a system of natural (or ‘green’) are two Muskoka Heritage Areas: Gaunt corridors across the landscape, interspersed with

large core natural areas. These areas provide an 16. Complete a rapid scan assessment on the following inter-connected web of natural habitats. four priority wetland areas: 1) Moon Chute Bay wetlands; 2) Wetland at mouth of Gaunt Bay Natural core habitats are at the centre of large, (north shore); 3) Wetland in Echo Bay; 4) Carr’s undisturbed tracts of land. These areas are Lake wetland (Note: This site may require a critical to the survival of many interior species complete wetland assessment as it may be a (vs. exterior or edge loving species) such as classified ‘provincially significant’ due to wetland salamanders, woodland caribou, and certain type and species composition.) This assessment will song birds for example, which do not thrive in provide detailed information (significance, location, fragmented or edge habitats. composition, boundaries, etc.) to Township of Muskoka Lakes, District of Muskoka, and the Natural corridors are linear habitats that are Muskoka Heritage Foundation. This information frequently linked to one or more patches of core could be used to identify Environmental Protection habitats in the landscape. These corridors zones and to create landowner contact programs to provide migratory pathways and genetic ensure the continued health of these areas. highways for many species. Human-made 17. Revisit 15 shoreline wetlands identified in earlier pathways such as roads and utility corridors, for field visits (excluding areas in recommendation 16 example, frequently dissect natural corridors or above) to collect background information (in core habitat, which can lead to the loss of particular Atlantic Coastal Plain Species and interior habitat and other fragmentation impacts Species at Risk location and potential habitat) and e.g. invasive species introduction, loss of to map these areas to identify: species, behavioural changes, etc. (source: Federation of Ontario Naturalists – Cores and  Wetland extent (GPS extent of aquatic Corridors). vegetation (weeds in the water),  Wetland type,  Species composition  Species at risk and potential habitat Protected Areas  Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) species Provincial agencies and non-government This will confirm the location of sensitive wetland conservation initiatives, including the Muskoka Heritage Areas, Bigger Picture 2002, areas and provide general information (location and the Conservation Blueprint 2005, and the composition) to Township of Muskoka Lakes, Muskoka River Watershed Inventory Project District of Muskoka, and the Muskoka Heritage 2007, have all identified core habitat, areas of Foundation. This information could be used to high concentration of biodiversity, for protection. They have also highlighted the identify Environmental Protection zones and to importance of protected areas as the starting create landowner contact programs to ensure the point for developing future natural areas continued health of these areas. strategies (Muskoka River Watershed Inventory Project-2007). Water Levels Many environmental factors and human Recommendations: influences affect river, inland lakes and 14. Work with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Georgian Bay water levels and flow, including: Muskoka Heritage Foundation, and the Township wind, precipitation, earth’s movements, riparian of Muskoka Lakes to define, map, and protect our and wetland removal, dredging and channel natural heritage areas, features (i.e. wetlands), and diversions, land use changes, pollution and corridors. climate change (extreme weather conditions such as floods and droughts). Although Ontario 15. Provide information to property owners and engage Power Generation maintains the Moon River them in best management and stewardship of chutes as a flood protection zone, there are no natural features found on their property and to lot identifications regarding possible flood areas. consider long-term conservation options and incentives. 31

Changes or fluctuations in surface water level, natural constriction at the downstream end of such as floods and droughts, are a natural part Bala Reach) which restricts water passage out of of the ecosystem. Some ecosystems such as the Bala Reach. During high flow events (>100 wetlands rely on these fluctuations. Water level m3/s), high water levels are a common fluctuations can be short-term responses to occurrence in the Bala Reach due to the weather patterns such as a large storm system or constriction at Moon Chutes. Low levels at seasonal patterns (higher evaporation and Ragged Rapids are utilized to “draw” water precipitation rates). There are also longer-term through the Moon Chutes in order to achieve responses to a changing climate, changing land lower water levels in the Bala Reach (MRWMP uses and water management regimes that can 2006). see areas such as Georgian Bay fluctuate within a range of about two metres between highs and The Muskoka River Watershed includes over lows. Fluctuating water levels in the Bala Reach 2000 lakes and is divided into three sub- causes property damage and shoreline erosion watersheds: north, south, and lower Muskoka, during high water floods, affects unattended the latter being Lake Muskoka, plus the boats at fixed (crib) docks, reduces access to Indian/Moon/Musquash Rivers. There are 26 docks, shorelines and beaches. Water level MNR operated water control structures fluctuations may also deteriorate water quality as throughout the system affecting the Bala Reach a result of stagnation and water ponding and and 9 power generation dams affecting the may impact spring spawning and egg incubation. reach area. The owners of the power generation Low water affects wildlife habitat and high plants are OPG (Ragged Rapids), Algonquin flows create strong currents, particularly along (Burgess Dam), Bracebridge Generation, and the north shoreline and through the Moon Orillia Power Co. The Muskoka River Chutes (Muskoka River Watershed Management Watershed Management Plan (2006) has created Plan (MRWMP) 2006). All provincial watershed legally enforceable upper and lower limits for management plans are under the authority and water levels and flows during normal operating funding of the MNR. MRWMP is one of many conditions throughout the system to ensure that such plans in the province. The plan is the there is adequate flood storage in reservoir lakes result of collaboration between MNR, Power during the spring freshet and major storm producers and public input. events. The Bala North and Bala South dams are owned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and located at the main outlet of Lake Muskoka. These dams control water levels on Lake Muskoka and drain water from the entire Muskoka watershed where the outflow enters the Bala Reach of the Moon River. Both dams were originally constructed in 1915 and have since been repaired and upgraded many times.

Flooding can occur both upstream and downstream of the dams during heavy rainfall events. The dams are operated to control the Moon River Natural Shoreline flow to avoid excessively high water levels on Bala Bay and flooding in the Bala Reach. Lake Levels on the Bala Reach are affected by the Muskoka has a fall drawdown of 9 cm from operation of the upstream Bala North and September 1 to November 1 to assist lake trout South dams as well as the small Algonquin spawning and there is a maximum winter Power station on the Mill Stream and the drawdown between October 15 and March 1 of operation of the downstream waterpower 0.45 m for lake trout egg protection. A facility (Ragged Rapids) and control dam (Moon drawdown prior to lake trout spawning in the Dam). Water level management is further fall is important to protect incubating eggs from complicated by the action of Moon Chutes (a 32

exposure over winter. Moon River Property Recommendations: Owners’ Association met with OPG in 2005 18. Monitor the SREL power station proposal and during a period of drought and agreed to keep Stakeholders informed as changes occur. summer water levels equal to winter levels for the benefit of boaters. As a result, the Bala 19. If the proposal should proceed, MRSC should Reach has no winter drawdown and is typically maintain a positive working relationship with any kept at a depth of 219.2 to 219.5 m in the potential builder, designer, or operator of a power spring, fall and winter and a typical summer generating station. This will allow us to emphasize range of 219.0 to 219.3 m. There is no flood the stewardship issues that are important to all allowance because of the limited storage stakeholders. capacity in upstream lakes. Given this agreed Water Quality upon higher summer water level and the natural Surface water quality was consistently identified constriction of the chutes, the shores of the as the value and issue of greatest concern in our river are more susceptible to flooding during stakeholder workshop. River users were large rain events year round. unanimous in placing a high value on clean water. Clean water is viewed as being essential for recreation and supporting a healthy wildlife population. The water flowing into our river reach from streams, surface runoff, precipitation, Lake Muskoka, and groundwater, determines the quality of our surface water.

How is water quality measured? The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for monitoring, regulating, and enforcing the management and protection of water quality and quantity in the province. The Ministry has Below the Chutes established thresholds for water pollutants including nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen), As this report was being written, Swift River contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides), Energy Ltd. (SREL) was finalizing an pathogens (bacteria), and many other Environmental Screening Report in a quest to parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, etc.). build a power generating station at the North Falls in Bala. There has been much controversy These are designated as Provincial Water and many concerns have been raised regarding Quality Objectives (PWQO). Two important this project including its impact on the water pollutants common in inland lakes are flow over the falls as well as fish and wildlife phosphorus and E. Coli bacteria. (E. Coli habitat both upstream and downstream due to measurements are commonly known for their possible changes in water levels. Swift River has use by public health officials who post beaches stated that the powerhouse and underground as unsafe to use when counts exceed 100 E. Coli conduit to direct water into and out of the per 100 millilitres of water.) Phosphorus turbine generation being proposed will operate concentrations should not exceed 20 as a “run of the river” power station which will micrograms per litre or 20 parts per billion comply with the limits set out in the established (ppb). Levels above these amounts can result in Muskoka River Watershed Management Plan foul-smelling, nuisance algae blooms and (MRWMP) and the regulations under the federal deterioration of recreational and aesthetic Fisheries Act. The dam proposal is subject to values. Research shows that a shift towards a the federal and provincial environmental turbid, algae-dominated lake system can be assessment processes, as well as regulation by extremely difficult to reverse. MNR under the Water Management Planning Process. 33

Through the Muskoka Lakes Association recreational purposes, a more stringent objective (MLA) Water Quality Initiative, groups of of 10 E. Coli counts/100 mL has been waterfront volunteers monitor the water quality suggested for lakes in Muskoka (Schiefer, 2001). of the Muskoka Lakes, including the Moon The Muskoka Lakes Association website River. Volunteers focus on several easily (www.mla.on.ca) is a good source of additional measured criteria: water clarity (or Secchi depth information on cottage country water quality. measurement), total phosphorus, and E. Coli bacteria. The Moon River Property Owner’s Secchi Association also participates in the Ministry of Measurements the Environment (MOE) Lake Partner Program A Secchi disk is that samples the Bala Reach for total an 8-inch (20 cm) phosphorus concentrations and water clarity disk with using a Secchi dish. The data indicated that alternating black total phosphorus levels in our River Reach have and white not exceeded 10 micrograms per litre (µg/L) in quadrants. It is summer, but there are reports of sporadic lowered into the elevated E. Coli readings in the Bala Bay area of water until it can Lake Muskoka. be no longer seen by the observer. Sources of Phosphorous This depth of Phosphorus comes from both natural and disappearance, human sources. Natural sources include soil, called the Secchi Secchi Dish streams, wetlands, vegetation, lake sediments, depth, is a and rocks. Human sources include fertilizer, measure of the transparency of the water. The sewage treatment plants, agriculture, septic Secchi disk measures the transparency of the systems, urban runoff (lawns and storm water water. Transparency can be affected by the drains), and atmospheric deposition. Some color of the water, algae, and suspended phosphorus flows downstream out of the river sediments. Transparency decreases as color, system, but most settles in the sediments to become part of the internal phosphorus cycle. Water Quality - Clarity Although the resident time of nutrients and Secchi Depth (m) sediments may be small due to the flushing rate of the riverine system, fluctuating water levels, > 5 oligotropic (cold-water fish habitat) increasing shoreline development, land use 3 – 5 mesotropic (cool-water fish habitat) changes, and climate change can all impact the < 3 eutrophic (warm water fish habitat) river’s flow rates and flushing capabilities. suspended sediments, or algae abundance Sources of E. Coli Bacteria increases. Water is often stained yellow or Increases in bacteria levels could be due to an brown by decaying plant matter. In bogs and increase in wildlife excrement entering the water some lakes the brown stain can make the water or increased use of lakes by humans. An the color of strong tea. Algae are small, green increase in wildlife excrement, i.e., geese activity, aquatic plants whose abundance is related to the is sometimes the result of humans clearing their amount of plant nutrients, especially landscapes and laying down sod. In order to phosphorus and nitrogen. Transparency can reduce geese numbers and potential sources of therefore be affected by the amount of plant E. coli, natural re-vegetation along the nutrients coming into the lake from sources shorelines should be encouraged. Human such as sewage treatment plants, septic tanks, factors include lake bathing, untreated waste, and lawn and agricultural fertilizer. Suspended and seepage from septic systems. Although the sediments often come from sources such as re- Ontario government considers water with less suspension from the lake bottom, construction than 100 E. Coli counts/100 mL to be safe for sites, agricultural fields, and urban storm runoff. 34

Transparency is an indicator of the impact of • Reported past reading of total phosphorus human activity on the land surrounding the lake. levels in the Bala Reach have reached a If transparency is measured through the season maximum concentration of 6.6 ug/L. and from year to year, trends in transparency • Secchi disc measurements are over 3 may be observed. Transparency can serve as an metres. early-warning that activities on the land are having an effect on a lake. The Lake Partner Observations: Program sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of • There are a variety of sources contributing the Environment (www.ene.gov.on.ca) report to total phosphorus concentrations and shows an average of 3.4 m (mesotrophic) from many can be traced back to human activity. 2001 to 2007 (measurements were not taken annually) for Gaunt Bay and 5.3 m • Shoreline habitats, private land and (oligotrophic) in Bala Bay (Lake Muskoka) for infrastructure, and possibly fish spawning, 2001 and 2005. The Lake Partner Program is a are impacted by fluctuating water levels. province-wide, volunteer-based, water-quality • On-going impact studies have been monitoring program. The District’s 2006 undertaken by private and public agencies monitoring data for Bala Bay averaged a 4.2 m to establish resource values in the Moon Secchi reading. (Note: a study completed in the River and to determine the flow required to State of Maine, USA found that cottage maintain viability of the Moon River walleye property values decrease measurably when population. Secchi measurements fall below 4 metres.) • An adaptive management approach and Historic Water Quality enhanced communication and information Although MRPOA has been involved in water sharing pertaining to the management of testing for many years, there is no repository for flows and levels in the Bala Reach are the historical data that has been collected. planned by MNR and OPG. Measurements suggest that our River is on the positive side of a delicate water quality balance. Education, vigilance and best management practices are the keys to maintaining this balance. Working arrangements/stewardship agreements could be pursued with other watershed stakeholders and members of the research community to assist with monitoring, data analysis and the filling of data gaps. Potential partners for MRPOA include MLA, MNR, and OPG.

Recommendations: 20. Help residents and users understand that water quality is a key indicator of the health of the River’s ecosystem and a significant influence on our property values and the local tourism industry. The MRSC However, recent data suggests: should encourage residents to implement good Stewardship practices such as: • E. coli levels are moderately low, predominantly under 40 E. coli/100ml at • Create or encourage a natural shoreline on Bala Falls. Sporadic elevated readings may their property with an adequate buffer zone to be attributed to waterfowl and can be capture and filter runoff. profoundly effected by runoff picking up geese droppings following heavy rains. 35

• Don’t use fertilizer on lawns or chemicals or soaps in or near the water. • Perform ongoing maintenance and inspection of septic systems. • Don’t bathe in the River and do not use soaps in outdoor showers. • Do not leak petroleum products into the watershed – be especially careful during the refuelling of motor boats. • Switch to 4 cycle boat engines when the opportunity arises. • Don’t use phosphate based cleaning products for laundry, dishwashing or boat cleaning.

Moon River View

21. Encourage the township to recognize the Lake Plan watershed philosophy in promulgating shoreline- specific legislation (policies and By-laws). 22. Maintain a monitoring system to protect streams feeding into the River. They should be further protected through Township By-laws and not be disturbed so that they can feed clean water into our River system. 23. Continue monitoring River water quality and maintain and publish a permanent data bank of test results. 24. Educate Stakeholders about existing water level control agreements and how they are managed.

Streams, Wetlands, and Shorelines impacts, channelization, infilling, dredging, A substantial part of the quality of the water in damming, and changes in flow regime. our River is dependant on practices upstream. However, our efforts to ensure quality practices Streams are also important as they provide and habits in preserving and enhancing the local natural linkage corridors for the movement of conditions of our streams, wetlands, and animals through our more developed areas. (see shorelines (as well as septic system quality) has a Appendix 3 Maps: “Natural Heritage”) significant impact on the living environment for fish and other aquatic based species and for the Recommendations: animal and bird populations that live, breed and 25. Identify streams that require rehabilitation and feed on the river. work with abutting owners to rehabilitate them. Wetlands Planning Issues Wetlands

• Wetland Ownership and Wetlands are classified as open water, marsh, Management swamp, bog or fen and are a vulnerable and • Protective Zoning critical part of our natural heritage (see Wetlands Definitions). • Zoning for Lakebed Federal Lands

• Consistency in Shoreline Wetland Definitions: Development Setbacks • Marsh – Features grasses, rushes, • Information on Reported Harvests reeds, sedges and other herbaceous Streams of Wild Rice, Fish, Amphibians, plants but without woody vegetation. Permanent and intermittent streams connecting Reptiles and Waterfowl • Swamp – Has a substantial amount of to wetland areas and small lakes upstream are a woody vegetation such as cedar, significant feature of the landscape and an black spruce, silver maple, willows and integral source of water to our River. Stream hemlock. systems provide important habitat for fish and • Bog – a wetland that accumulates wildlife, as well as freshwater from ground acidic peat and has no flow of water sources. Many of the streams connecting through it. wetland and upland areas to the Moon River are • Fen – a wetland type that seasonal, providing a temporary influx of accumulates peat deposits; they are nutrients and fish habitat for spring spawning less acidic than bogs and have some fish such as northern pike. flow through water. (MWC Wetland Policy Paper Oct. 2008) There are a total of 18 streams connecting to the Bala Reach. Several of these streams are intermittent; that is, a stream which dries up for Wetlands are nature’s filters, purifying water three months or more of the year. The majority sources from the surrounding landscape. of the streams occur on privately owned land. Wetlands control floods and erosion through None of the streams have been assessed for shoreline stabilization and the slow release and thermal regimes (temperature of the water), recharge of surface and ground water. These which defines fish habitats. ecosystems provide critically important habitat for fish and wildlife and provide recreational Inappropriate development and human activity and educational opportunities for children and including the use of herbicides and cosmetic adults. Unfortunately, wetlands are a seriously pesticides (which are now banned in the threatened natural feature within the province. Province of Ontario) along stream corridors threaten stream fish habitats and communities. Wetlands occur both on the shoreline and in Such activities can cause the loss of riparian bay areas of the Bala Reach and also in the vegetation, removal of structural habitat (woody immediate local watershed connected by the debris and rocks), sedimentation, nutrient stream network described earlier.

Approximately 70% of southern Ontario’s supporting fen, swamp and marsh wetland wetlands have been dredged, in-filled, or altered types; the area is under private ownership to accommodate development and agriculture. and is relatively inaccessible lying north of Further significant loss of wetlands will result in the Moon River and largely between the CP the decline of water quality, biological-diversity, and CN rail lines, west of Muskoka Road manageable water flows, recreational and 169. educational values and fishing/wildlife viewing. • Gaunt Bay and Upper Moon River – As water/river stewards, we must provide Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF): protection against disturbance and loss of all situated along a portion of undeveloped wetland habitat. shoreline on the north side of the entrance into Gaunt Bay; the shoreline is shallow and Threats To Wetlands has considerable annual water fluctuations • Introduction of Silt and Other which are ideal for the development of an Contaminants Due to Shoreline ACPF habitat as these fluctuating levels Development prevent the invasion of shrubby species that • Removal of Shoreline might otherwise occupy the site. The Vegetation or Buffer Strips Gaunt Bay site encompasses little more • Dredging of Wetland and than 300 metres of shoreline which Tributaries supports a number of rare and uncommon • Loss or alteration of Wetland shoreline and coastal plain species. It is also Habitat a site for occasionally viewing Caspian • Changes to Weather Patterns, Terns. This shoreline type is relatively Including Precipitation and widespread in Muskoka (another is to be Temperature found at the entrance to Echo Bay). • Changes to Water Quality • Invasive Species

“Wetlands are essential ecosystems; they do not function in isolation and require the physical and biological interaction with the surrounding lands in order to continue to function and provide benefits.” (Wetlands Policy Paper – Muskoka Watershed Council Oct. 2008)

Thirteen percent (13%) of Muskoka is covered by Wetlands and 6% of these have been identified as significant. There are hundreds of Moon Chute Bay Wetland features within the local watershed and shoreline area of the Bala Reach. None has The balance of Wetlands that are part of our been classified as Provincially Significant Bala Reach are unidentified by governments for Wetlands (and only two (2) have been protection except for two that bear an designated as “Heritage Areas” as part of the Environmental Protection (EP) designation District of Muskoka 1990 assessment of the within the Township of Muskoka Lakes Zoning most significant natural areas in the District By-law. They are: (www.muskokawaterweb.ca). • the wetlands (known locally as “Lost Lake The two heritage areas are: or Carr Lake” located to the north of River Street in Bala) and • Bala Bog Heritage Area: an extensive • the stream that enters Trafalgar Bay near wetland area with deep organic deposits Rigby Road 38

This EP designation prevents most (but not all) This obviously encourages the MRSC to assume development activities. an active stewardship role in the preservation and restoration of local wetlands. The MRSC There are additional areas on the shoreline and can also take a lead and engage in public bays of the Bala Reach designated as Fish education about our wetlands. Habitat on the Township Fish Map. However, this provides only limited protection. Recommendations: 26. Work to locate, verify, evaluate, and map all All wetlands, except provincially significant wetland features in the area of the Bala Reach. wetlands and their adjacent lands are subject to development if an environmental impact 27. Work to protect all River wetland features by assessment proves no negative impact to the enshrining protection measures in Township, form or function of the wetland. Assigning District, and Provincial policy. appropriate municipal zoning of Environmental 28. Promote wider public education about the Protection or Hazard to wetland areas would importance of conserving all natural habitats provide additional protection. Without a including wetlands. wetland evaluation or appropriate zoning, these wetlands remain unprotected. No development 29. Where appropriate encourage municipal or private is allowed within Provincially Significant trust acquisition of lands to preserve wetland status. Wetlands. Aquatic Vegetation Mapping and Shoreline Management Most of our wetlands have yet to be protected According to the MNR, there is very little via evaluation and/or policy. The four principal aquatic vegetation in the Bala Reach. However, components that are considered in a wetland according to a natural heritage inventory by the evaluation are the biological, social, District of Muskoka, Gaunt Bay has important hydrological, and special features. Based on a rare wetland species which are synonymous with scoring system, a wetland can fall into one of rare meadow marshes, and shoreline fens that two classes, Provincially Significant or Locally are influenced by fluctuating water levels. Significant.

The Province of Ontario, under the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) protects wetlands that rank as Provincially Significant. The PPS states “Development and site alteration shall not be permitted in significant wetlands.”

A definitive inventory and evaluation of the wetlands in and around our river will provide important information useful to provincial and municipal planners and help in the protection of the wetlands. Vegetation along the Moon River shoreline According to the Muskoka Watershed Council: Many of the wetlands in the watershed are in The Moon River has never been thoroughly relatively undeveloped or remote areas which inventoried by MNR because they do not masks the importance of wetland protection in consider it to be “a lake” although the depths of sub watersheds where more development the main channel would enable the river to be pressure is experienced. They also suggest that treated as such (e.g., Mary Lake is a riverine wetlands should be managed on a watershed system with a river inflow and outflow at dams). and sub watershed basis and that wetland loss Bathymetry mapping has not occurred for the should be avoided. entire Reach except one transect along the main

channel and into Gaunt Bay. Shoreline and substrate mapping is also non-existent. As a part of this planning process, an inventory was conduced to help fill knowledge gaps. See Appendix 4 Maps.

Preserving and restoring natural shoreline vegetation and habitats encourage linkages along the shore and between more prominent wetland features for aquatic focused life (fish, birds, small animals). This also buffers the River from natural run-off that might cause erosion and provides a filter for elements (fertilizers, animal and human waste) that might cause deterioration in the River water quality.

Recommendations: 30. Encourage all property owners to maintain at least 75% of their shoreline in a natural state by protecting natural vegetation and adding native species wherever possible. A buffer zone of 15 – 20 meters width should be maintained at our waterfront. 31. Where needed, encourage property owners with undeveloped shorelines to review their shoreline, get good advice, and consider adding in-water microhabitats (downed native logs, and other woody debris as well as carefully placed rocks near the shoreline) for aquatic species and to protect the natural substrate. Swimming areas should be located adjacent to docks and beaches and confined to minimize the impact on the shoreline and substrate.

Fish Community spawn in areas that will be dewatered prior to Much of the lower part of the Muskoka River the end of the incubation period. The watershed (with the exception of the large lakes) relationship between Moon River flows and is considered cool-water habitat, supporting habitat quality for walleye spawning and communities of walleye, northern pike, incubation, are significant issues. muskellunge, smallmouth bass, yellow perch and pan fish (black crappie, pumpkinseed, bluegill Since 1969, MNR and OPG have attempted to and rock bass). Many of the important fish manage a consistent targeted flow in the Moon spawning areas on the system are located below River of 14 m3/s for the duration of walleye the many rapids and dams, along shorelines of spawning and egg incubation periods in the lakes, within wetlands, and at the mouths of months of April and May. Limited information streams. These extremely important habitats are is available, however, regarding the status of of primary concern because they can be affected walleye spawning at Bala Falls and further by fluctuating flows and water levels (MRWMP investigations (i.e., habitat mapping, flow 2006). measurement and/or spawning surveys) may be necessary to determine if there is any potential The Moon River supports largemouth bass, for improvement (i.e., by providing increased or muskellunge, northern pike, smallmouth bass, more stable flows or improved habitat during yellow perch, walleye, Chinook salmon and lake the spring spawning and incubation period). sturgeon. In the Bala Reach, the fishery is (MRWMP 2006). predominantly comprised of walleye, smallmouth bass and northern pike. Bala Reach also supports largemouth bass, black crappie, white suckers, rock bass, sun fish, pumpkinseed and brown bullhead, and possibly muskellunge in low numbers (Bala Reach, Muskoka River 2004 Walleye Netting Assessment).

Historical records (pre-1960s) indicate that the Bala Reach had a native walleye population, however the walleye population almost disappeared. In the 1990s, walleye were implanted into the river to rehabilitate the Walleye historic population; genetic strains from In response to some concerns regarding the Muskoka Lake and Go Home Lake state of the Bala Reach walleye population, supplemented the River’s population. This MNR Bracebridge completed a netting project action has revived this valued species. Today, on the Bala Reach. This standard walleye the river primarily hosts a smallmouth bass assessment project was designed to determine fishery. No rainbow smelt, an introduced and the status of the existing walleye population and invasive species, have been caught then or now. the success of past walleye stocking (Bala Reach, Muskoka River 2004 Walleye Netting Walleye Rehabilitation Assessment, MNR). Spawning walleye, egg incubation and fry emergence are also susceptible to the impacts of In the fall of 2000, MNR stocked the Bala water management. In a natural stream setting, Reach with walleye fingerlings obtained from an walleye typically spawn when water levels are MNR hatchery facility. The fish were fin- rising or stable and at specific water clipped prior to stocking so that they could be temperatures which are typically met between distinguishable in the future. Spring walleye fry April 15 to June 1 in the Moon River. were also authorized for stocking which were Abnormally high flows/water levels during the obtained from the Moon River Basin, Georgian spawning period may encourage walleye to Bay walleye spawning run. A number of adults 41

were captured from Go Home Lake and The Ministry of Natural Resources has mapped introduced into the Moon River/Bala Reach in “potential” fish habitat. According to this the late 1990s. mapping, Type 1 spawning habitat occurs along the mouths of all in-flowing streams and the Under the Community Fisheries Involvement abutting shorelines near Bala Falls. Due to the Program (CFIP), walleye spawning sites have fast flowing water of the outflow of Bala Falls, been created or enhanced at Bala Falls in order this area has been designated as an important to provided additional walleye spawning spawning, nursery/rearing, shelter/refuge, opportunities to increase natural reproduction feeding, and migratory route for Walleye. MNR with the hopes of promoting a quality walleye has proposed the introduction of a walleye fishery for anglers. spring sanctuary in Moon River at Bala Falls to protect spawning adults from angling pressures. The captured walleye showed good growth rates A Fish Sanctuary area protects walleye as they and appeared to be in good condition. Based on gather before, during and post-spawning in fast- comparisons with other standard walleye netting moving water areas. This type of protection is surveys completed on walleye lakes throughout part of the Ministry of Natural Resource southern Ontario, the present Bala Reach province-wide initiative to focus on the decline walleye population would be considered to be in walleye. The fish sanctuary proposal will go very small in size in relation to other water- through a formal public consultation process bodies. prior to any formal decision-making. The remaining Type 1 habitat (near the mouths of Fish Habitat streams) is potentially important for northern Of particular concern to any shoreline pike and bass, in particular those streams development proposal is fish habitat because of flowing into shallow Gaunt Bay. the potential use of near shore areas for spawning, rearing and supplying food, cover, Walleye spawn in fast-moving, pebbly or rocky shoreline areas and rivers devoid of dense vegetation. Smallmouth bass are often observed in or near walleye habitats. These fish prefer hard-bottomed areas of clear water, with clean gravel, sand or rocky substrate found in quiet bays, island shoals and undisturbed shorelines. Northern pike and largemouth bass prefer the vegetated or mud-bottomed wetland-type areas for breeding, nurseries, and feeding.

Note: a habitat/substrate assessment (e.g., wetland and shoreline vegetation mapping – Moon River Shallows rapid assessment) and fish habitat assessment and migration routes for fish. Over the water and mapping are noted gaps in information boathouses, dock construction (other than non- available from the MNR. A summer assessment floating, pole, or cantilever types), construction of these features by a qualified biologist would of beaches, destruction of aquatic plants, assist with filling these gaps. erosion control, dredging, filling, and shoreline restoration, all impact fish habitat. It is Possible Threats To Fish and Fish Habitat therefore important to characterize fish habitat Modification of fisheries habitat, alterations to “type” prior to construction to avoid a Harmful shoreline and lakebed via filling, dredging, Alteration, Disruption or Destruction of fish removal of aquatic vegetation, channelizing, habitat (HADD). If habitat is impacted, the installations of certain docks (crib style docks person or persons responsible are in violation of are frowned upon while floating, pole, and the Fisheries Act. cantilever docks are advocated by the

Department of Fisheries and Oceans), and retaining walls, and the removal of natural habitat such as stumps, logs, and rocks, can all threaten fish and their habitat.

Excessive nutrient loading and pollution from fertilizing lawns, grey water dumping or seepage from holding tanks, and septic systems may cause excessive weed growth and a deterioration of water quality for fish.

Increasing water temperatures from climate change or changes in water quality caused by acid rain could favour one species over another and may cause weed growth.

Recommendations: 32. Protect all fish habitat, including all wetlands and natural shoreline areas via field confirmation, habitat mapping, and government due diligence during permitting and development applications. 33. Encourage replacement of ageing shoreline infrastructure (e.g. failing retaining walls, concrete docks, and creosote piers) with natural features and materials. 34. Actively promote best practices for landowners and fishing enthusiasts to protect fisheries and fisheries habitat. 35. Identify and map important fish habitat, and continue fish stocking in the Bala Reach. 36. Work with MNR to post signage at the town dock and boat launch regarding fishing regulations including sizes, seasons, and allowances and encouraging a catch and release philosophy.

Other Wildlife Beaver have proliferated in the area with the Wildlife is an important ecological component decline of trapping. Whitefish Bay is host to of any watershed. The Moon River sub- two and sometimes up to four lodges. The end watershed is home to a diversity of mammal, of the Moon Chutes Bay (just above the reptile, amphibian, bird, and insect species. In entrance to the Chutes) features a massive many cases, the life cycle of these species is beaver dam that has created a very large beaver directly related to the River including its meadow to the west. There is a virtual beaver tributaries and lakes and the land-water lake to the south of this bay. It was trapped out shoreline interface which provides habitat and a few years ago, but has since recovered. The food sources. An important example of this marshy area near Hart’s Lake, fed by water complex linkage would be the intermittent bypassing the AREA MAMMALS stream and wetland areas found along our River. dams and from American Marten* Some of the animals dependent on the wetlands the Bats* include waterfowl for nesting and staging areas, Pennsylvania Beaver and furbearers (beaver, otter, muskrat, mink, Lake outflow, Black Bear raccoon) and mammals (moose) for habitat and sports a Bobcat* feeding areas. Reptiles and amphibians depend number of Coyote on wetlands for all or part of their life cycle, and small dams and Eastern Chipmunk osprey, hawks and herons benefit from the lodges. Many Eastern Cottontail shallow-water feeding opportunities. of the tributary Fisher marshes owe Grey Wolf Lemming Animals we see near the Bala Reach their existence Lynx* There are significant numbers of white tailed to beaver Mice deer in the reach. The spring and summer see activity (past Mink concentrations in the more open areas north and present) Moles* and west of Gaunt Bay, in similar areas between most notably Moose Hessners, Pennsylvania, and Leech Lakes and in those on the Muskrat the range from the Chutes to Sawyer Lake. larger Trafalgar Northern Flying Squirrels There are also a large number of niche areas and Gaunt Bay Northern River Otter* Porcupine close to the river for does and their fawns. streams, the Raccoon stream flowing Red and Grey Squirrels Winter sees concentrations of these deer in the in to the north Red Fox hemlock treed Kimberly Point region and from of Kimberly Shrews Pennsylvania Lake to the west. There are Island and the Snowshoe Hare important white-tailed deer wintering yards on two streams Striped Skunk Kimberley Point and Island and the shoreline feeding into Voles* northeast of the island. These areas have been the lower Weasel species* identified by the Conservation Blueprint project White-tailed Deer Chutes bay. At Woodchuck (2005) as Hemlock forested areas and open times, a beaver White and Red Pine forests. Both forest types dam is * Species which are would afford winter protection from harsh constructed at considered to be rare or winds and deep snow cover, as well as a good the outflow to at risk source of winter food. Carr Lake near River Street. Some problems have occurred The Reach falls in the overlap range for moose when the dam is destroyed which can result in and white tails; however, continuous moose the washing out of culverts under local presence is blunted by the white tail borne driveways. brain-worm parasite that seems benign to its host, but fatal to moose. Mink are frequent, if inconspicuous, residents along most of our shorelines. They are dependent upon frog, mice, and chipmunk 44

populations. The mink’s larger cousins, long population suggests that the previously tailed weasels, occupy a few of the same niches, significant grey wolf presence is intermittent albeit exclusively. rather than resident.

Area raccoons have adapted all too well to the The numbers of porcupines hit on our roads food and shelter that we provide for them. suggests larger numbers of these shy creatures They are probably far more numerous in settled in the hinterland than observations in the areas than they might be in their natural cottage areas along the river would suggest. habitats. The woodchuck (groundhog) population of Lynx and bobcat appearances, on the other Ontario south of the Shield has declined with hand, seem far less frequent than what was the the removal of farm fencerows and pasture and case in the middle of the last century. Whether the scarcity of clover hay. Our area, however, this suggests declining numbers in the area, or appears to be trying to offset some of this reticence about sharing our habitat, is an open decline. Their numbers seem to be growing question. with our burrow friendly, built up roadways and the pasture like clearances under our hydro lines.

Muskrat populations persist in the few marshy shallows along the river and up the tributaries, particularly where beaver dams make for year- round water.

Northern flying squirrels may be more numerous in the area than most people would suspect since they most often appear at night. If you have bird feeders that they can glide to (and from), avoiding any ground travel, supplemented by gentle outside lighting in the late evening, you will be likely rewarded by their very active presence. Black Bear Bear seem to prefer the uplands to the north The apparent decline of the snowshoe hare and and south of the river where berries, soft eastern cottontail populations, both here and vegetation, rotten tree trunks and their insect throughout the southern portions of the colonies, easily dislodged rocks and moss cover province, seems to indicate that the predator and wild bee hives are to be found. However, populations (supplemented by our pets) in the garbage and foolhardy deliberate feeding have, area are both more varied and present than was and do, allow them to live up to their reputation likely the case for most of the last century. Of as opportunistic omnivores along our roads and course a population decline may also be caused around our buildings. It would appear that the by a lack of habitat, loss of food source, or bear population of the region has increased disease. significantly, particularly the number of large males, over the past few years, if anecdotal We are thought to be host to small numbers of evidence provides a measure to go by. Wood, Box, Stinkpot, Painted, Map, Northern Diamond-backed, Mud, Spotted, and Blanding The red fox population in the reach seems turtles in our few marshy areas. but common plentiful in spite of their risky predilection for Snapping turtles obviously thrive here. One, building a den in the fractured rubble we use for temporarily captured on Hurling Point, after it our roadbeds, and the growing coyote had grabbed a young woman by the foot, would

barely fit inside a large garbage container (2 feet Anecdotal evidence suggests that the in diameter). The Northern Map, Spotted and Massasauga Rattlesnake population is Blanding turtles are all species at risk and we experiencing a renaissance in the region. should take great care to avoid disrupting their Historically, they have frequented the area presence here. around the chutes and the lower dams as well as the exposed rocky highlands towards Pennsylvania Lake. However, in dry years they will frequently be found in the cottage areas along the shorelines. It should be remembered that they are good swimmers and will often hunt from the water. Local lore has it that their numbers in the past were limited by native trapping to service the demand created for their venom by Connaught Laboratories.

Birds in the air Northern Map Turtles on the Moon River Our hawk numbers appear to be growing. If ducks (or fish held captive by your dock on a Species like the Red-Shouldered hawk (rarely leader) are disappearing rapidly along your seen but no longer considered a species at risk) shoreline, the odds are that a snapping turtle is seem to find the squirrel concentrations around at work. They can often be seen sunning our bird feeders to their liking. Coopers and themselves on the low southeast facing Sharp Shinned hawks and Merlins would now shoreline rocks at the eastern end of Kimberly appear to be more numerous than in the past. Island and in Whitefish, Gaunt, Paradise, and Their nests are very difficult to find, perhaps the Chutes bays. because of the numbers of our larger resident Red Tailed hawks in the area. The interspersed The elusive Five-Line Skinks (lizard) is a species open areas around our cottages with our ever- at risk but can sometimes be found in the moist present bird feeders, set the table for tail-chasers rubble foundations of many of our older like these. Northern Goshawks (goose hawks) cottages along the river. often spend time here in the fall hunting our larger birds and careless squirrels before moving There is a wide variety of snakes in the reach. on further south. Their speed and power are Some of the smaller ones to look for include spectacular. Ring-Necked, Ribbon, Red-Bellied And Garter snakes. We are more apt to see the larger Ospreys have set up residence in the marshes snakes sunning themselves. The Black snake, along the Sawyer Lake Road, further north whose intimidating presence along the chutes in towards Roderick and along the series of beaver the middle of the last century often kept kids ponds on the outflow from Pennsylvania Lake. from their favourite diving spots, and the There have been Bald Eagle sightings in the common water snake frequent the waterfront area, perhaps, parasitically, taking advantage of areas. Eastern Fox snakes, often mistaken for the osprey presence, but their nesting sites are Rattlesnakes, and common Milk snakes can be not widely known at this point. found anywhere there are mice and chipmunks in abundance. Hognose habitat is abundant in Turkey Vultures have moved back into the our area – they are a large snake and may be province and into this area in significant impacted by roads, development and human numbers. Ravens are common here, building activity because of their nomadic lifestyle. seasonal nesting sites.

The Barred Owl seems to dominate the night hickory) and evergreen cones and roosting sky in the basin. They, apparently, are intolerant protection are plentiful; although the bush of other owls, so their numbers would suggest needs to be open enough to permit their that smaller owls would have difficulty surviving explosive straight line flying. The area around here. However, Great-Horned Owls prey upon Pennsylvania Lake seems particularly well suited them. Thus, it is obvious that the Great- here. Small flocks of Turkeys can often be seen Horned Owls have left them this niche.

We are also host to a very wide variety of perching birds (such as Gold Finches and Chickadees) that can be seen daily at well-maintained Wild Turkey Goldfinch bird feeders. wandering in the woods feeding during our They are rare, but increasing numbers of winter days. During the night, Wild Turkeys Northern Shrikes in the winter and Loggerhead roost in the trees to try to avoid meeting one of Shrikes in the summer are showing up at our their predators. Pheasant and Ruffed Grouse bird feeder buffets to the distress of our more frequent our area as well. squeamish birds. They live up to their “butcher bird” reputation. Great Blue Herons nest high in the trees along the river and in a couple of instances, near the Resident Belted Kingfishers are sometimes seen beaver meadows on the tributaries. on perches that protrude out over the water, Shorebirds include Spotted Sandpipers and and we often hear and sometimes see large Common Snipes are found in small numbers, Pileated Woodpeckers. Their jackhammer generally along our few sand beaches. approach to our insect laden, decaying trees is impressive to say the least. Both provide entertaining observing.

Our tendency to put out our hummingbird feeders ever earlier has probably allowed more of our Ruby Throated Hummingbirds to survive the fickleness of our maple and birch sap runs in the spring, but the temptation to leave them out too long in the fall takes a toll of late migrants. However, if their numbers around our cottages are any indication, it is obvious that human intervention here is pushing up numbers significantly.

Wild Turkeys have successfully been Blue Heron Nest Along the Moon reintroduced to the whole of Southern Ontario, Mallard and common Merganser Ducks are north to Timiskaming, after being almost wiped often seen in the area. Wood Ducks are to be out by over zealous hunting. They tend to found along the tributary marshes. More wood concentrate where nut trees (oak, beech, duck boxes protected from raccoons in these 47

areas would increase their numbers. as well. Cormorants are great fishermen and Buffleheads and Coots spend time here during can be quite destructive to the small islands on the spring and fall migrations. which they like to gather.

Loons will rarely nest on shoreline areas, i.e., on land (these birds are excellent swimmers but cannot travel well on land). They will nest on floating mats, on large logs, or vegetated areas adjacent to small islands and shorelines. They like secluded and vegetated area away from land-based predators and humans. A nest site that is completely surrounded by water is ideal. Extreme or regular water fluctuations or large boat wakes can be detrimental to nesting loons because floating mats and/or small island sites will be impacted by rising water which may drown the eggs or disturb the incubation period (adults abandoning the site), etc. Loons are very Cormorant sensitive to any type of disturbance. Maintaining floating islands and preventing humans from using areas along the shoreline of secluded islands, and reducing boat wakes may encourage loon nesting. Erratic water levels on the Moon River make it almost impossible for loons to nest here successfully. As a result, they tend to nest along the shores of smaller local lakes (Leach, Rat, Pennsylvania, Sawyer, Hesners, etc.), many of which cannot meet the demands required for successful chick rearing. Mother loons often must fly to the River or bigger lakes to fish, to the detriment of the chicks left behind.

Loon Family

Cormorants, which are sometimes confused with Loons when seen from a distance, nest in trees and prefer island sites away from humans 48

Species at Risk There are three known Red-shouldered Hawk Species at Risk (SAR) include animals and plants nesting sites and one large Great Blue Heron that are rare, threatened, or endangered. Their colony within the watershed. These species are existence depends on the protection and extremely sensitive to human disturbances and maintenance of their breeding habitats, foraging their protection is important to the conservation and migration corridors. Rare Species can be of local biodiversity. among the most sensitive species in a region, acting as an early warning or indicator of Some species have been temporarily or changing environmental conditions such as permanently lost due to habitat changes. disease outbreak, pollution, species competition Conversely, some species have been informally (invasive species), or climate change. sighted, but not formally identified by MNR staff biologists, and thus are not registered on Animals at Risk - MNR Definitions the current list for our area. By building Extinct A species that no longer lives awareness and implementing community-based anywhere in the world. habitat restoration and protection programs, Extirpated A species that no longer exists some of these species may return to the Moon in the wild in Ontario but still River/Lake Muskoka watershed. More occurs elsewhere. information concerning species at risk, including Endangered A species facing imminent protection policy, designation status, i.e., extinction or extirpation in threatened, endangered, etc., or their Ontario which is a candidate for regulation under Ontario's distribution in our area is available at: Species at Endangered Species Act. Risk Act Registry www.sararegistry.gc.ca/; the Threatened A species that is at risk of Committee on the Status of Endangered becoming endangered in Wildlife in Canada at www.cosewic.gc.ca; and Ontario if limiting factors are the MNR’s Committee on the Status of Species not reversed. at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) at Special A species with characteristics www.mnr.gov.on.ca Concern that make it sensitive to (formerly called human activities or natural “Vulnerable”) events. Recommendations: 37. Stakeholders should report, “new to our area” There are currently several species listed as sightings of wildlife and sensitive habitat to the being at risk in the Moon River watershed. Bracebridge MNR (705) 645-8747. There are also several rare species listed that may be found in the Bala Reach, including 38. Encourage residents and guests to avoid luring or Gaunt Bay and the Bala Bog. Locating and baiting bear with their garbage. Garbage can be identifying rare species helps to protect their stored inside until garbage day or “bear proof” habitat, local biodiversity, and our River’s garbage containers could be used. natural heritage. Ontario Species at Risk (SAR) that Some additional Rare Ontario can be seen along the Moon River Species Blanding’s Turtle Atlantic Coastal Plain Shallow Marsh Type Branched Bartonia Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass Broad Beech Fern Cyrano Darner Eastern Hog-nosed Snake Mottled Darner Eastern Ribbon Snake Ocellated Darner Five-lined Skink Panic Grass Massasauga Rattlesnake Red-shouldered Hawk (NAR) Northern Map Turtle Redtop Panic Grass Spotted Turtle Ridged Yellow Flax Southern Twayblade Virginia Meadow Beauty White Fringed Orchid Water Awlwort 49

Invasive Species Invasive species are one of the greatest threats Exotic or invasive species are non-native species to biodiversity of Ontario’s waters. More than that have been introduced into local habitats 160 non-indigenous species have become and can have devastating effects on the overall established in the Great Lakes Basin. Invasive health of an aquatic ecosystem including species found in Muskoka (but not in the Moon changes to species interactions, nutrient cycling, River), include Zebra Mussels, Spiny Water Flea, and food web dynamics. Most often, aquatic and Purple Loosestrife (Muskoka Water Web). invasive species have been introduced to inland Zebra mussels are the most well known of all lakes during fish stocking or have migrated invasive species. Their filter-feeding behaviour upstream via the river systems from the Great increases water clarity and their excrement Lakes. Moon River is a natural corridor system increases the level of for many aquatic species. Boaters can facilitate phosphorus in lakes, the spread of these species through such rivers and streams practices as bait bucket dumping, ballast water and thus encourages dumping, and failure to clean boats prior to algae and other plant launch. growth. Zebra Mussels especially encourage the growth of nuisance algae, Zebra Mussel including Cladophora. Cladophora looks like long green hair and it attaches itself to rocks and sediments along the shoreline.

To date, there have been no reports of invasive species becoming established in the Bala Reach of the Moon River/Lake Muskoka watershed.

Recommendations: 39. To help prevent future problems, the MRSC should help build Township and landowner awareness of concerns about invasive species and encourage the creation of action plans to prevent the introduction, and encourage the removal of invasive species in the watershed. The “Invasive Species Awareness Program”, a partnership between MNR and the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters Purple Loosestrife (O.F.A.H.), can be consulted for additional information. Interested parties can make contact with the O.F.A.H. and report sightings of Invasive Species at: www.invadingspecies.com

Land Use Facts and Trends Recommendations: As of 2009, most of the Moon River properties 40. Formally review Township zoning and By-law are privately owned with approximately 72% regulations to determine their appropriateness for designated as waterfront residential, 5% our River and if needed, draft specific proposals to waterfront commercial, 1% environmentally retain and enhance the character of the River. protected, and 12% community residential. There is 12% open space (8% public and 4% private). These percentages include the “urban” community residential properties of Bala. OPG Note: There will be additional material here to owns title to “Hydro Island” as well as some come from Randy French. land on the south side of the River adjacent to the Moon Chutes (see Appendix 3 Maps “OPG & MNR Owned Lands”).

Some background facts and trends listed below are relevant to land use planning in the watershed. Appendix 3 Maps “Moon River Shoreline” depicts the use of the Bala Reach shoreline.

• There is little potential for the creation of additional shoreline lots so most new development will be in the form of conversions, infilling, redevelopment and clusters involving several small lots. • Four percent of our shoreline is zoned “resort commercial” although only one property (Trafalgar Bay Cottages) is actually operated as a commercial enterprise. Some cottages are rented privately. • It is important to economic and social activities (tourism in the area) to maintain the natural vegetation features that tourists and cottagers travel here to see. • 8% of urban (e.g. Greater Toronto Area - GTA) households own leisure properties. An increase in this percentage and the GTA’s forecast growth will bring more people to our watershed. • An increasing number of retiring “baby boomers” are making their permanent homes on waterfront property. • The forces of population change are unavoidable; however, development can be channelled better to protect our natural and cultural heritage.

Township Official Plan with the Provincial Policy Statement (2005) The calendar year 2009 offered a particularly which provides full and partial protection to good opportunity for public input to our natural heritage and water quality from existing community planning. The stage was set with and new development in the watershed. the 2005 Provincial Policy Statement, followed by the Official Plan of the Muskoka Planning Some new Township policies and goals reflect Area Amendment of November 2007 and today’s increasing concern with environmental updated in May 2008. The Township of issues. Currently the township is preparing to amend zoning By-laws to reflect the amended Official Plan policies to better address today’s issues, which is a multiyear process. Public concerns and ideas contribute to this process. There could not be a better time for input derived from the comprehensive River Plan and for area resident’s participation to support the Plan’s intent.

Recommendations: 41. The MRSC should work with the Township and be prepared to offer specific feedback for changes to the Official Plan as the opportunity arises. Minor Variance Applications Because so many of our cottages were built years ago, renovations and rebuilding are a constant around us. However, the existing lots and structures often don’t meet today’s prescribed minimal lot size and setback limits. Muskoka Lakes prepared a draft of amendments When a property does not comply with current to their Official Plan of May 2008 and asked for Zoning By-laws, property owners must use public comment. The plans are intended to “minor variance” applications to the Township guide the future growth and development of the to obtain building permits. Often during this township while respecting preservation of water process, formal “Committees of Adjustment” quality and the natural environment along the are faced with issues of grandfathering rights, lakes and watercourses. These plans, although building on existing footprints, and retaining prepared for a 20-year time period, are reviewed neighbourhood character even if it means by the municipality at five-year intervals. minimal waterfront setbacks, reduced side yard setbacks, and increased lot coverage. The Township of Muskoka Lakes Official Plan (OP) has taken a watershed-based strategic However, such applications may not be so approach to land use planning and water “minor”, may not be environmentally management. Development decisions that appropriate, and may not meet the general enhance natural shorelines (open space buffers intent of our Township Official Plan. In both and no tree cutting) and those other qualities new building and conversion situations, that contribute to the area’s character as well as potential impacts to buffer zones including tree promoting property stewardship are key cutting, rock blasting, excessive filling and principles in the new OP. This Lake Plan is grading need to be fully evaluated, then limited intended to serve as a guide to the Township or prohibited, dependent upon the planning and District. Lower-tier OPs and development policy and context. If a waiver is agreed to, then decisions must conform to the intent of the trade-offs are sometimes requested. An District OP, and all OPs must also be consistent example would be a commitment to improve

the shoreline buffer zone with native grasses, By-law No. 2008-56 – Site Modification shrubs and trees – a combination of plant A By-law to regulate and prohibit modifications materials for naturalization of this important being made to the landscape on properties in area. For more information or consultation of the Township of Muskoka Lakes. the District and Township Official Plans, please refer to the references listed at the end of this By-law No. 2008-55 – Tree preservation document including the Frequently Asked The new tree preservation by-law passed by the Questions brochure in Appendix 4. Township Council on July 8, 2008, protects the shoreline from removal of natural growth to Recent By-law changes preserve the natural shoreline including its Over the last several years, the Township of scenic value. Muskoka Lakes has introduced planning initiatives that speak to the concerns that were By-law No. 2005-83 – Noise prohibition raised by Stakeholders and offer improvements This By-law was enacted to control noise that is to our community Stewardship efforts. Copies disruptive to inhabitants and to restrict the use of the complete township By-laws can be of known sources of noise such as fireworks obtained at the Township offices or on their and electronically amplified sounds between the website: www.muskokalakes.ca hours of 11:00 PM to 7:00 AM.

By-law No. 2009-45 – Regulating the setting Recommendations: of Fires including Fireworks 42. Encourage the Township of Muskoka Lakes to A by-law to regulate the setting of fires, prevent include the completed Moon River Stewardship the spreading of fires, and to establish a fire Plan and background information as a reference in permit system for The Township of Muskoka its Official Plan so that it can be used as a Lakes. Spells out the conditions when fires planning and informational tool in development (including fireworks) can be set. (see also 2005- review. 83 as to noise from fireworks. 43. Encourage new Stakeholders to become familiar with the Moon River Stewardship Plan, to be aware of Township By-laws and to pursue the recommendations contained in the Plan.

Useful References for Additional Information:

• Township of Muskoka Lakes: www.muskokalakes.ca • District of Muskoka: www.muskoka.on.ca • Federation of Ontario Cottagers' Associations (FOCA): www.foca.on.ca • Muskoka Lakes Association: www.mla.on.ca • Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC): www.cosewic.gc.ca • Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) - www.mnr.gov.on.ca • Ministry of Northern Development and Mines - www.mndm.gov.on.ca/MNDM/Default_e.asp • Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/ • Natural Heritage Information Centre Ontario: www.nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/ • Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas: www.ontarionature.org/enviroandcons/biodiversity/atlas.html • Ontario Federation of Anglers & Hunters: www.ofah.org • Provincial Policy Statement 200: www.mah.gov.on.ca • Species at Risk Act Registry (SARA): www.sararegistry.gc.ca/ • French Planning Services Inc. - www.lakeplan.com • Moon River Stewardship Plan Committee: David Sculati (Chair), Doug Ball, David Coatsworth, Bryden Currie, Dave MacIntosh, Anna Mallin, Bob McTavish, Dodd Patterson, Walter Scott, Marlene Sculati

Appendix 1: Stakeholder Survey

Survey Cover Letter

Moon River Property Owners Association

Moon River Resident Survey – 2008

Dear neighbour and fellow Moon River Resident,

Many Associations, like ours, were created to help residents enhance the enjoyment of their properties and the environment in which they sit. Issues such as community activities, water safety, water quality, taxes, wildlife, local and regional regulations, are some examples of past items our Association has engaged in for our mutual behalf.

What about the future?

What do we want the Moon River to become? What do we want to keep and/or enhance? What should change and/or grow in importance?

The Moon River Property Owner’s Association (MRPOA) has decided to prepare what has been called a River Stewardship Plan. This Plan will be a living document outlining the “way we were”, “the way we are” and “the what we want to become” on a wide variety of fronts such as:

• Natural Elements o Water quality, fish and wildlife habitats, vegetation, etc.

• Social Elements o Historic, boating, recreation uses, neighbourhood character

• Physical Elements o Location and road maps, hazard maps, watershed maps, water level management

• Land use considerations o Effects of regional and municipal official plans on the Moon River and consideration of potential special needs of the River

Attached to this letter is a survey we encourage you to complete to help us shape what our River Stewardship Plan should focus on. What is important to you and your family and their enjoyment of the Moon River…. now and into the future? In order to be a creditable Plan we need as many landowners (Cottagers and Permanent Residents) as possible to complete the survey. If you have received a hard copy of the survey and would prefer an electronic version that can be returned by email, please go to our website at www.mrpoa.org.

We are asking for the survey to be completed by August 30th so that we can do an initial analysis of results and post them on our MRPOA website this fall, for review and further comment.

Thank you for completing this survey and helping to shape our future together…. on the Moon!

Doug Ball Moon River Stewardship Plan Committee

Moon River Property Owner’s Association / P.O. Box 93 / Bala, ON P0C 1A0 www.mrpoa.org / [email protected]

Moon River Stakeholder Survey + Results Summer 2008

This survey is designed to help the Moon River “Lake” Plan Committee develop a comprehensive plan to guide the future development of the Moon River area. As you respond to the questions please think of why you and your family live or cottage on the Moon River. What are the things that are important to you? What is your vision for this area in the future? Your participation is needed and we thank you in advance for taking the time to answer our questions. Your views are important to the success of this project. We would appreciate this survey being returned on or before August 30, 2008. You may want to drop it off at the MRPOA Annual General Meeting scheduled for that day. This survey contains 24 questions in total and should take less than 20 minutes to complete.

One completed survey per property please.

Individual answers will be kept confidential. If you feel uncomfortable answering any particular question, you may disregard it.

Part ONE – Use of Property

1. Are you a permanent or seasonal resident? Permanent 24 Seasonal 99 (i.e. you are a permanent resident if your property is your principal mailing address)

2. If you are a seasonal resident do you plan on making this your permanent residence? Yes 9 No 53 Don’t know 32 OR: Not a seasonal resident 

3. a. How do you access your property? Water 4 Year Round Road 73 Seasonal Road 42

4. a. How long have you or your family been on the River? 46.8 years b. How many generations has your family been on the River? 2.63 generations

5. a. How many days per season do you use your residence? (see below) b. How many people usually stay at the residence at one time during the following seasons? (see below)

# of days (max 91 days) Average # of people Spring 31.2 2.7 Summer 58.6 4.3 Fall 31.8 2.8 Winter 19.3 1.2

6. Please indicate the ages and numbers of the people who use your cottage regularly.

Age Bracket Number of people 0 – 12 1.1 13 – 25 1.2 26 – 40 1.8 41 – 65 2.2 65+ .8

7. What kind of recreational activities do you participate in?

Boating often 53.7 sometimes 37.4 never 4.9 Canoeing often 22.8 sometimes 56.9 never 16.3 Hiking often 12.2 sometimes 44.7 never 38.2 Ice Fishing often 0 sometimes 5.7 never 89.4 Reading often 82.9 sometimes 13.0 never .8 Socializing often 65.1 sometimes 31.7 never 2.4 Water Skiing often 21.1 sometimes 35.8 never 38.2 Wakeboarding often 12.2 sometimes 20.3 never 61.8 Snowmobiling often 5.7 sometimes 10.6 never 78.9 Jet Skiing often 2.4 sometimes 5.7 never 87.0 Swimming often 68.3 sometimes 26.8 never .8 Scuba Diving often .8 sometimes 10.7 never 82.1 X-Country Skiing often 4.9 sometimes 21.1 never 67.5 Fishing often 12.2 sometimes 51.2 never 32.5 Hunting often 0 sometimes 3.3 never 91.1 Sailing often 5.7 sometimes 17.9 never 70.3 Ice Skating often 4.1 sometimes 16.3 never 72.4 Kayaking often 13.0 sometimes 26.0 never 54.5 Snow Shoeing often 6.5 sometimes 24.4 never 63.4 Nature Appreciation often 64.2 sometimes 20.3 never 11.4 Other:______

8. If you are member of a road, point, Lake or other association, (including MRPOA) please provide the name. Various e.g. Muskoka Lakes Assoc., MRPOA, Kimberley Point Assoc., Centre Ave., Trafalgar Bay Rd. etc.

Part TWO – Property and Structures

9. Property - General a. Is your shoreline maintained in its natural state? Yes 109 No 10 b. Do you have a beach? Yes 77 No 45 i. Is the beach natural 63 or ii. Is the beach man-made 6

c. Do you maintain a natural buffer between any lawn areas and the River? Yes 91 No 13

d. What kind of dock do you have? (indicate type and number of docks)

Type of Dock Number of Docks Length into Water Floating 69 23.9 Crib 24 22.1 Pole/Post 11 19.1 Combination (floating, crib, pole) 22 28.2 Other (specify)______

10. Water Supply a. How do you obtain your household water? Well: 2 River water: 93 Bottled: 10 Town: 40 Other  Describe______b. How do you obtain your drinking water? Well: 4 River water: 19 Bottled: 48 Town: 72 Other  Describe______57

c. Do you test your water? Yes 15 No 104 How often? 1-3x/yr d. If you use River water or well water for drinking, do you treat it? Yes 20 No 14 If yes, how do you treat your water? Describe: Most common method; UV + filters

11. We are interested in the use of Phosphates, which can leach into the river, causing algae blooms and ultimately make the river uninhabitable for fish and other wildlife.

a. Do you use fertilizer outside your cottage (lawns and plants)? Yes 21 No 99 i. Does the fertilizer contain phosphorus? Yes 4 No 11 Don’t know 16 b. Are the cleaning products you use at the cottage phosphate free? Yes 69 No 16 Don’t know 33

12. Waste Disposal a. How do you dispose of garbage? Take it to the transfer station: 43 Take it home: 32 Contractor: 0 Municipality: 111 Other 0 b. How do you dispose of liquid waste (Grey water and sewage)? Septic system: 105 Holding tank: 4 Town sewer: 12 Outhouse: 3 Other: 0 (please describe) c. Do you recycle glass, metal, paper, plastic, etc.? Yes 120 No 0 d. If you have a septic tank, how often do you have it cleaned? Average every 3.9 yrs.

Part THREE - Personal Observations

13. a. In your opinion describe the River water quality? Excellent 29 Good 83 Poor 7 b. What are your particular concerns with respect to water quality? Clarity 45 Bacteria 72 Weeds 46 Appearance 32 Smell Other 20 c. What issues do you have with water levels? Shoreline erosion 52 Ice damage to structures 48 Navigation issues 21 Use of Property 43 Other 1 please specify Swift currents with level changes, contamination from flooded pit toilets and buried waste. d. Do you feel that grey water and or sewage disposable is a problem (could be leaking into the River) in your cottage neighbourhood? Yes 33 No 74 e. Would you favour a requirement to have septic systems inspected on a regular basis? Yes 98 No 13 f. Do you own a rental property or rent out your cottage on the river? Yes 13 No 102

14. During the past 5 years, how do you feel the appearance of the shoreline has changed on the River with respect to the following?

More No Change Less Don’t Know Lawns 60 36 1 15 Residential Development 90 13 1 10 Forest Cover 3 31 60 16 Shoreline Structures 67 28 3 13 Shoreline Rehabilitation 14 38 27 32 Wetlands 4 41 31 35 Other _see below    

Shoreline erosion from wakeboard boats, ugly floating trampolines, less natural shorelines 15. Please rate how the following elements affect your personal enjoyment of the Moon River. (Please check one box for each value)

Personal Values Important Not Don’t 58

Important Know Water Quality 118 0 3 Water Levels 105 14 1 Natural Shorelines 101 11 9 Landscapes 93 19 10 Wildlife 106 12 3 Fishing 60 49 12 Peace and tranquility 110 8 3 Swimming 119 2 0 Hunting 3 109 9 Power boat (ski, wakeboard) 66 49 6 PWC 31 76 14 Non power boating 84 29 6 Night skies (light pollution) 98 17 3 Other: River bathing, noise levels, noisy PWC’s, camping @ Chutes

16. During the past five years how much of a negative impact have the following had on your enjoyment of the Moon River? (Please check one box for each impact)

Types of Impacts Significant Moderate Impact No Impact Impact Water Pollution 17 45 52 Boat 66 37 12 Traffic/Noise/Speed/Wake Personal Water Craft 65 38 13 Outdoor Lighting in your 34 42 40 neighbourhood Vegetation Removal 16 40 57 Changing water levels 81 25 10 Snowmobiles 10 16 90 Development 33 43 41 ATV’s 7 31 78 Night time Noise 30 39 48 Daytime Noise 35 34 45 Use of fireworks 29 25 59 Wetlands 18 27 69 Over fishing 8 29 75 Other: Barking dogs, large homes on small lots, high speeds on roads

Part FOUR - Your Concerns About The Future

17. There should be no residential or commercial development on the part of the shoreline of the Moon River that is owned by the crown or Ontario Hydro (including the Chutes and the dams).

Agree 109 disagree 3 no opinion 7

18. As many Moon River properties have older and generally smaller buildings, they are likely subject to future redevelopment (seasonal or permanent) by the existing or subsequent owners. Do you feel the existing Codes should be drafted to retain or improve the character and relative density of the River? Yes 91 No 17

Do you know what the codes are for your cottage neighbourhood?

a. Side setbacks Yes 62 No 54 b. River frontage setback Yes 68 No 49 c. Lot coverage Yes 59 No 57 d. Restriction on number/size/location of outbuildings Yes 61 No 55 e. Other? Please specify.

Would like to know write ins: dock regulations, height restrictions, minimum water frontage to build, why are violations ignored by township or easily approved as exceptions.

19. How do you feel about the following types of future development/activities in the neighbourhood of the Moon River? (Please check one box for each impact)

Types of Development Oppose Accept Neutral Residential 31 65 24 Condominiums 115 2 3 Hotels/lodges 105 2 13 Rental Cottages 45 48 27 Golf Courses 74 23 23 Restaurants 51 48 21 Marinas 52 47 21 More Public Access 66 27 26 Other: (Write ins) Oppose proposed power plant, limit boat horsepower, regulate camping at chutes

20. Please answer the following questions.

a) Should the Township regulate site alteration (e.g. maintenance of trees and other vegetation) on the shoreline of the River when an application is made for a building permit or minor variance? Yes 96 No 22 b) Do you support a volunteer informational Marine Patrol for the River? Yes 91 No 28 c) Do you or your family use Jaspen Park beach? Yes 50 No 70

Part FIVE - Natural, Social and Physical Features

21. Please describe the location of any sites or features that you feel are important to the quality of life on the River (e.g. loon nesting sites, osprey nests, or other significant social, historical or physical features such as access points or landforms). Chutes, vacant lands, wetlands nesting sites and frog conservation areas, public access to Falls, original homesteads and cottages on Gaunt Bay, lily pond in Whitefish Bay, picnic areas below Chutes, islands, beaver dam above the Chutes, Jaspen park, town dock, town facilities (eg. Legion, arena, library, museum), town businesses. …..(partial list)

22. Please list the animals that you see around your cottage neighbourhood.

bear, raccoon, chipmunks, red squirrels, flying squirrels, weasel or mink?, beaver, owls, hummingbirds, flycatchers, chickadees, nuthatch, various sparrow breeds, nesting hawks, nesting pileated woodpeckers, wide variety of songbirds, mergansers, Canada geese, mallards, buffleheads and other spring/fall migrant ducks, loons, cormorants, seagulls and terns, snakes including massasauga rattlers (chutes area), snakes including, hognose, rat, fox, garters, five lined skinks, red back & other salamanders, toads, spring peepers, tree frogs, green frogs, leopard frogs, bull frogs ,snapping turtles, painted turtles, heron, raven, crow, bats, mice, woodchuck……(partial list)

23. If you would like to volunteer your time to participate in the creation of the River Stewardship Plan please provide your name, address and telephone number and your area of interest below. If you wish to remain anonymous please contact David Sculati at 705-762-5764

Name ______

Address ______

Telephone # ______

Area of Interest ______

Thank you for taking the time to answer these questions. Please provide any additional information or comments on a separate sheet of paper. Your opinions and observations are valuable to us and will help in the production of a lake plan. If you have any questions or comments regarding this survey please contact: Doug Ball @ 762-5462

Thank you for your participation! Please return the survey by August 30th 2008 to … • Email it to: [email protected] • Take it to the Balacade in Bala • Mail it to MRPOA at PO Box#93, Bala, Ontario, P0C1A0 • Take it to the MRPOA Annual General Meeting Or • Complete this survey online on the MRPOA website o www.mrpoa.org/survey

Appendix 2: Relevant Stewardship Plan Minutes & Notes

Moon River Lake Plan Initial Committee Meeting Notes October 13, 2007

The principal reason for our initial meeting is to begin the process needed for the creation of our unique Moon River Lake Plan. Our hope is to have our plan included in the Twp of Muskoka Lakes Official Plan and By-Laws. Please be prepared to offer any suggestions you may have which can be incorporated into our “Lake or Stewardship Plan”. The following are some initial inputs.

1) Preservation and rehabilitation of the character of the Moon River community including: a. shoreline flora and fauna habitat (shoreline being defined as that area next to the watercourse which the Twp considers appropriate as a shoreline vegetative buffer) b. the preservation or enhancement of the cottage/residential mix versus resort/commercial use c. availability of tax relief for specific heritage buildings and conservation land d. cleanup, preservation, and monitoring of the area around the chutes as undeveloped e. preservation of the touristic nature of the Bala Falls f. geographic mapping to include ownership information on undeveloped land g. maps and signage to encourage the use of bicycles, canoes, and kayaks and to discourage the use of loud speed boats by transit visitors

2) Maintenance of a good water quality and good habitat for fish and other desirable wildlife (loons, blue heron, mergansers, mallards, etc.) including: a. septic inspections, b. ways to encourage responsible boating behaviour to preserve shoreline vegetation, soil, waterfowl and fish nesting areas and habitat c. biological mapping and monitoring

3) Suggestions of means to help promote good neighbourliness (in addition to the present Moon River Code) such as: a. boat speed limits b. dark sky friendly lighting c. limitations on amplified noise d. noise curfew e. regulations re floating docks and water toys f. volunteer marine patrol

Minutes and Comments from the Moon River Stakeholder Meeting July 19th, 2008 Bala Legion

Randy French (the meeting facilitator) began the meeting by urging us to tap into the political process early. This should include the Ministry of the Environment, Ontario Power Generation, Ontario Hydro, as well as Township, and District governments. We must get them onside and involved in the process. Randy French of French Planning Services has been retained to assist us in the preparation of the Plan. Randy acted as the facilitator of the meeting. Comments: We have met with the township planner to discuss our activities. He was very supportive in his comments. We have also spoken with our local councillors. At the end of the planning process we will ask to make a presentation to Township Council to review our finished plan. Randy pointed out that we would need to engage in fundraising if we are to accomplish our goals..

The main part of the meeting was devoted to exploring aspects of life on the Moon. Participants were asked to identify values, special places, memories, issues, and actions. The responses were posted for all to see and comment on. Participants were then asked to place green adhesive dots on the issues and actions that were the most important to them so that the committee would know what was considered to be the most important areas to work on in the Plan. Results were recorded Finally the participants were asked to give the Planning Committee advice on how best to proceed. The comments were:

• Choose and make small deliverables first • Delegate – get more volunteers • Don’t overlook youth volunteers, encourage neighbours to get involved, and reactivate road captains • Get Township council and staff on side • Create and post a water level and quality annual report • Create a Memorandum of Understanding with OPG & Ministry of Natural Resources regarding the Bala Reach water levels • Communicate - broaden our email list, add to the website, mail/hand deliver information as needed • Create a fund raising effort • Ask for a septic re-inspection program • Identify areas of concern then liaise with the MNR/Township regarding the surrounding wetlands

Moon River Stewardship Plan – Public Workshop May 16th, 2009

Participant Comments

• Do not prohibit camping at the Chutes but encourage “clean” camping. • Place the Chutes into a heritage Land Trust o Consider other areas, such as the Bala Falls • A few participants reacted to the Swift River project item indicating a variety of concerns from “block it” to aesthetic, alternate location, and concern over water flow if built. The chair deferred further discussion to another forum (non-River Plan). • Water quality is getting worse, more weeds (Gaunt Bay). High incidence of cancer among residents – water caused? Need to test for other chemicals. o Place water test sites on the website. • The Bala Bog is listed in a Township by-law as a Muskoka Heritage site o Funding should be obtained to support its protection • Use a “Welcome Wagon” approach providing information to assist new owners in understanding and supporting our “Character values”. • Encourage applicable owners to hook up to town sewers – Plant is at 50% capacity. • Develop a guide for owners as to what could/should be planted on the waterfront. • Create fish sanctuary areas. As an example, below the BalaFalls • To avoid inadvertent overfishing; post Ontario Catch Limits at the town dock. • Don’t encourage the development of regulations that would place undue hardship on older non-conforming properties. • Walking Trail. A good idea but it may be blocked by private property at the Moon dam. o Lower speed limit on 38 to make walking safer. o Is this Trail really practical? • “Neighbourliness” o Education is the key – Person to Person or Welcome Wagon o Rafts anchored far from shore are a safety hazard – need regulations o Add to Boating card – make no wake during high water (damage to property and habitats) • A comment was made about discouraging wind generators on the River. • Anna Mallin’s e-mail missives on missing items is very much appreciated!

Appendix 3: Maps (Maps in this appendix are for illustrative purposes only. Larger copies may be available upon request.)

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Natural Heritage Map

Lands Owned By OPG & MNR Near The Chutes

(OPG Lands designated by crosshatching. MNR Lands designated by diagonal lines.)

Map Showing Moon River Shoreline

Community Map (to come)

Appendix 4: Welcome Kit Information

Frequently Asked Questions: Zoning, Codes and By-laws:

This information is provided as a quick reference guide to address some of the frequently asked questions about planning, zoning, and by-law issues for Moon River properties. The area described herein is that area of the Moon River between the Bala falls and the dams below the Chutes. For more specific and detailed information please refer to the Township of Muskoka Lakes, Official Plan (“The Township of Muskoka Lakes, Official Plan Consolidation June 2008) and Zoning By-laws (“Comprehensive Zoning By-law 87-87”) available at the township office in Port Carling or the township website www.township.muskokalakes.on.ca, (click on “Your Government”, then “By-laws” and then “By-law 87- 87”).

1. How do I find out what development rules apply to my property?

The Moon River is divided into an urban and a non-urban area for planning purposes. The area that makes up the town of Bala is considered “urban” (zoning designations starting with the letter “R” e.g. R1-R6, RM1, RM2) and in terms of the River, consists mainly of River Street, Centre Avenue, Portage Street, Pine Ridge Road, and Park Road. The rest of the River properties are not considered “urban” (zoning designations starting with the letter “W” e.g. WR – WR8). The urban area generally qualifies for higher density while the rest of the River area is mostly lower density waterfront residential or waterfront commercial (WC-WC4B1). A few properties are designated as Community Residential or Community Commercial.

You must know a property’s zoning designation before you can determine guidelines for buildings and other structures on that property. Comprehensive Zoning maps (schedules 1-62) are available at the Township Office. First, find out the zoning designation for the particular property you are interested in. You can do this by telephoning the Twp. of Muskoka Lakes (705) 765-3156 and asking someone in the Planning Department about the zoning for the property. You will need to know the civic address and, perhaps, the assessment roll number (from the tax notice). Next, consult By Law-87-87 to determine the specific provisions applicable to the zoning designation. Before planning any building, talk to the building department staff at the Township of Muskoka Lakes municipal offices in Port Carling (705) 765- 3156. They will tell you exactly what is required to obtain a building permit and will help you understand the rules.

2. What is the allowable lot coverage for a new building?

The lot coverage allowed depends on the urban versus non-urban status as well as the zoning designation. The coverage for our urban area is 35% (for R1, R2, RM1, and RM2 zones); 20% (for R3- R6 zones); and 8% coverage for non-urban Waterfront Residential Zones (e.g. WR1). This applies to buildings and structures erected within 200 feet of the High Water Mark abutting the lot. As an example, to determine the maximum square footage for a cottage to be built within 200 feet of the high water mark on a non-urban, regular shaped lot designated as WR1, establish the Lot Frontage (the horizontal straight-line distance at the high water mark between the side lot lines and multiply it by 200 feet (maximum allowed since lot coverage is based on that portion of the lot area within 200 feet of the high water mark) times 8%. In this example, a lot that has 125 feet of linear frontage would have maximum lot coverage of (125’ x 200’ x 8%) or 2,000 sq. ft. For irregular lots the same formula applies but you must take into account the angle of the side lot lines in the calculation. To be safe, always check your calculations with the building department before drafting any plans.

3. If I tear down my cottage, can I build it back as close to the water as it is now?

Generally yes, provided your new proposed cottage conforms to all other provisions of the current zoning By-law and does not exceed the existing structure in building footprint or height. Existing buildings built before enactment of zoning By-law 87-87 and with a minimum 35’ front yard setback are grandfathered (exempted) from current set back rules. Since each property situation is unique, you should contact the Planning Department before undertaking any changes.

4. When building a main structure on a WR1 property (in the non-urban area) what are the minimum frontage, front yard, side yard and rear yard setback allowances?

Minimum frontage (note: 100’ frontage lots are grandfathered under the bylaw) 200 feet Minimum lot area 1 acre Minimum front yard setback (from high water mark) 66 feet Minimum side yard setback (from property line) 15 feet Minimum rear yard setback (from rear property line) 15 feet

Lots having frontage of 100’ – 200’ and at least 15,000 sq. ft. of lot area are grandfathered under the current zoning By-law. Lots with less than 100’ of frontage face further restrictions for new development. Be sure to contact the Planning Department at the Township to deal with these situations. For other property zones you should check the Township of Muskoka Lakes, Comprehensive Zoning By-law 87-87.

5. What about the tree preservation bylaw?

On July 8, 2008 the Township Council passed new regulations for tree preservation and site alteration in an effort to stop inappropriate site development near the water’s edge. The new By-law 2008-55 was enacted to protect shoreline vegetative buffers, scenic areas, and Environmental Protections Areas. The By-law applies to all lands within 200 feet of a navigable waterway in the Waterfront designation and within 25 feet of a navigable waterway in the Urban Centre. Exemptions to the Township’s Tree Preservation By-law include instances where there is storm damage, or when pruning is necessary for the health of the trees. Some trees may also be cut if a building permit has been issued for a structure or if a site plan has been approved for construction. For new buildings the tree cutting By-law allows an exemption for the building footprint as well as for 15’ around the footprint.

There is a 50’ waterfront buffer where tree cutting is not allowed, except if trees are dead or damaged, or if some pruning is required. Generally, the Municipality may not be too concerned about 1 or 2 trees but it is serious about maintaining the shoreline vegetation. To be safe, check before you cut in waterfront areas.

Failure to secure a permit for blasting or tree cutting carries a fine of $10,000. If the offence continues, that fine could rise to $25,000. For the complete details of the new By-laws, check the Township’s website. Click on “Your Government,” then “Departments” then “Planning”. When in doubt, contact the Planning Department at (705) 765-3156 to determine if permits are necessary for any tree cutting or site alteration.

6. If I have questions about permitted construction or septic system concerns, whom do I call?

For these questions or concerns call the Township of Muskoka Lakes, Building Department at (705) 765- 3156.

7. What noise restrictions are there and how do I go about reporting infractions?

If you have issues about noise, try speaking with the offender first to try and resolve the issues amicably. For general noise issues please refer to the Township of Muskoka Lake By-law No. 2005-83 – A By-law to control noise. The By-law deals with certain types of noise restrictions between 11 pm to 7 am. Enforcement of this By-law is through the OPP at 888-310-1122 (24 hours toll free) or through the Township By-law enforcement department at (705) 765-3156.

8. Are there any restrictions on the use of fireworks?

In general there are no restrictions on fireworks with regards to time of year. The use of fireworks and other noise issues are addressed in the same Township of Muskoka Lakes By-law No. 2005-83: A By-law to control noise as mentioned above. In that By-law fireworks are restricted in use in Zone 2 (Moon River) and are prohibited from 11 pm to 7 am.

Moon River Code

Please help promote safety, preserve our water quality and maintain good neighbourly relations …

Swimming & Boating Safety Boaters – please keep at least 25 feet away from docks when moving at speed and reduce speed to dead slow near docks and swimming areas. Cottagers – please ensure that floating water toys and swimming rafts don’t impair boating safety. Water skiing and tube boat drivers - please ensure the safety of swimmers and boaters around you.

Water Quality o Don’t feed the waterfowl - they foul our beaches and water and help produce “swimmer’s itch”. o Please – no washing in the River! Even phosphate-free soap degrades the water quality. o Cottagers - please plant or preserve a natural a vegetative buffer along the shoreline to help filter storm water flowing from your property into the River o Boaters – please ensure that fuel doesn’t spill into the water

Noise o Amplified Sound. Please control amplified sound so that it can’t be heard beyond the bounds of your property. o Nuisance Noise. Report excessive noise to the OPP (1-888-310-1122) for immediate action when noise has reached the level of a public nuisance. You may also telephone the Township of Muskoka Lakes By-Law Enforcement Officer concerning noise after 11:00 p.m. (705-765-3156). o Boat Noise. Boaters, Tubers, PWC users - please don’t circle repeatedly in one area. o Boat Launch Areas. Please be mindful of neighbours living next to the boat launch. Use the area only for boat launching. Be quiet if you use the boat launch after dark.

Dock and Shoreline Preservation Wakes can damage shorelines and docks. Boaters - please ensure that wakes are appropriate to the distance from shore. Reduce speed to produce no wake in narrow areas. Travel far enough from shore to produce minimal wake elsewhere. Owners – please ensure that docks and rafts clear of boat traffic and are well marked with reflectors so that they can be seen both during the day and at night.

Lighting Please ensure that night lighting does not trespass beyond your property boundaries. Please join all Muskokan’s in promoting a dark-sky-friendly environment.

Wildlife Please help avoid attracting nuisance bears and other unwanted animals. Keep garbage in bear-proof containers, clean your BBQs and don’t leave pet food outside.

Cottage Rentals Please ensure that all cottage renters have the necessary Pleasure Craft Operators Card before allowing use of your powerboats. Renters – please respect the Moon River Code.

Moon River Boating Card Information (page 1)

• Children under 12 years of age, and not directly supervised by someone over 16 years of age can only operate vessels with a maximum of 10 hp. Minors between 12 years and 16 years who are not directly supervised can operate vessels with a maximum of 40 hp. Persons under 16 years of age are not allowed to operate a PWC. After 16 years of age there are no power restrictions. • All motorized Pleasure Boat operators must carry a “Pleasure Craft Operator Card”. PWC Operators have to carry this card now. Visitors from the United States can use an equivalent State or US Coast Guard document as a substitute. No Operators Card is required for non-motorized craft such as sailboats, kayaks and canoes. • Be considerate of your neighbours – avoid circling (PWCs, wake jumpers, and tubers) in one area. • Consumption or having an open container of alcohol by anyone in a boat is illegal. • Obey boating speed limits: 10km/h within 30 meters (6 mph within 100 feet) of shore. This limit would apply in the Bay near the Bala Falls and along most of the River. • When waterskiing, wakeboarding & tubing, depart at a right angle to the shore and maintain a minimum 30- meter distance from the shoreline when underway. By law, the towboat (including PWCs) must carry a spotter and have an empty seat for each person being towed (to pick them up in case of a fall). • Carry a cell phone on your craft. In case of an emergency, phone 911 • Operate your boat carefully and courteously. Observe the Canada Shipping Act 2001 (www.tc.gc.ca/acts- regulations/GENERAL/C/csa2001/menu.htm) as well as the Small Vessel Regulations (www.tc.gc.ca/acts-regulations/GENERAL/C/CSA /regulations/070/csa076/ csa76.html) • To report reckless behaviour on the water, record the offenders vessel license number and report boating violations to the OPP 1 888-310-1122 (24 hours toll free) • Shown on the map (reverse) is “The Chutes”, a special area of beauty for all residents and visitors. Please exercise caution when boating through this narrow area. At certain times of the year, fast currents require additional power to move up river through the Chutes. Give way to boats traveling up river. If someone has entered the narrows please wait until they are completely through before entering the chutes. • When you see a diving flag, like those shown at the right, it indicates that divers are in the area. Go slow and stay at least 30 meters (100 feet) away. Diving activity regularly occurs near the falls in Bala. • Use common sense and be aware of the damage caused by boat wakes. Avoid large wakes whenever possible. Boaters are legally responsible for any damage to other boats, docks, shorelines, or structures that is caused by the “wash” or “wake” from their vessel. This means that a boater creating large waves that push another boat against a dock, regardless of how close to the dock the moving boat passes, can be held liable for the damage caused. • At times of high water levels (particularly in early spring), boaters should be especially cautious about creating a wake. Shoreline and shoreline structures are particularly vulnerable to damage caused by wakes when the water levels are abnormally high.

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User’s and Renter’s Guide Welcome To Our Cottage!: A Green Guide for Cottage Guests

This guide will help you enjoy your stay at our Moon River cottage and help you protect the environment at the same time. Please follow these suggestions to keep our property, our neighbourhood, and our natural habitat in pristine condition so that you and others will be able to continue to enjoy it in the coming years.

Septic System (most cottages on the Moon River use Septic Systems – not sewers) • Minimize the amount of water going into the tank. Don’t do several loads of laundry in one day. • Please do not add septic additives to our system. • Please keep basket strainers in the sinks – they help protect our system. • Don’t flush any personal hygiene products or diapers down the toilet. • Use only phosphate free soaps and shampoos. • Use septic safe cleaning products: baking soda, vinegar, pure liquid soap, vegetable oil, a stiff brush or steel wool. (no caustic products please). • The following items should never be disposed of in the sink or toilet o Cigarette Butts o Food or household waste o Cooking oil or grease o Antibacterial soaps, cleaners, or products with chlorine (including bleach)

Fires, Camping, and Fireworks • Always use caution. Keep your fires small and attended at all times. Keep a pail of water near the fire and make sure the fire is completely extinguished when you are finished with it. • Never burn toxic materials including garbage, plastic, rubber, oil, shingles and treated wood. • Burning of any sort is only allowed two hours before sunset until two hours after sunrise. (By Law 2001-167 & By Law 2006-46). It is an offence punishable by substantial penalties. • Camping is not allowed on properties other than your own. Properties belonging to OPG/MNR are not to be used as campsites or party sites. • Please observe any fire bans. Fireworks are not allowed after 11:00 PM and never during a fire ban. Please be courteous and considerate of others as fireworks can be very intrusive on a quiet peaceful evening.

Fishing • Obtain the necessary fishing licenses (available for purchase at Purk’s Place in Bala). • Please use lead-free fishing sinkers and jigs and watch your lines and lures. • Be very careful using bait such as worms that can allow hitchhikers like non-native seeds to get into the water. • Dispose of left over bait and the containers in the garbage and do not dump leftover bait in the River. • Please support “catch and release” fishing programs.

ATV’s and Dirt bikes • Please keep out of all water bodies and away from eco-sensitive shorelines and wetlands. There are no local public ATV trails and ATV’s are not allowed on any roadway in the Township.

Garbage and Blue Boxes • Garbage and Blue Box pick up is scheduled for Wednesdays. Please do not put your garbage out until Wednesday morning – it attracts bears! • If you have garbage when you are scheduled to leave and it is not “garbage pick up day”, please take it home with you for disposal. • Follow the same Blue Box rules you follow at home. • There is no Green Box pick up in Muskoka.

Wildlife & Pets • Please remember the 3 L’s – Look, Learn and Leave them alone! Leave plants and wildlife in their natural habitat and give wildlife space for your and their safety. • Never move animals from one shore or beach to another. • Please stay away from any eco-sensitive areas (such as shallow areas, areas with new plant growth, or wildlife nesting areas) and observe wildlife from a safe distance. 77

• Animals are attracted to strong odours and smells. Please only place your garbage out for pick up the morning that you are scheduled for garbage pick up (Wednesday). • Please keep your pets on a leash - your neighbours’, and their pets and yards will appreciate your taking responsibility for your animals. There is a leash law in Muskoka too.

Children • Please don’t let your children dam streams, disturb bottom mud or gravels, collapse shoreline banks, destroy vegetation or harass fish and wildlife. • Please monitor your children at all times when they are around the waterfront. It only takes a few moments for an accident to happen.

Boating • Follow all boating safety and speed rules at all times and have paddles, life vests and other safety equipment on hand. Please note that the Police Boat visits our River on a regular basis. • Please make sure your engine has been serviced regularly to be sure that it runs as “clean” as is possible. • Fuel up away from the water if your tanks are detachable; place a rag around the nozzle to help avoid spillage. Use kitty litter to clean up any spills. • Use bilge pillows or absorbent pads to soak up oil, fuel or antifreeze spilled into the bilge. • Drive at a “no-wake” speed near shore. • Clean your boat away from the shore and use non-toxic cleaners. • Remove any plants or aquatic materials that may be clinging to the hull, trailer, motor or hiding in the bilge prior to launching your boat in our River. • Observe all navigational rules and regulations as outlined in the Ministry of Transport’s “Safe Boating Guide”. • Always carry your boating license when out in the boat • See the Moon River Boating Card for additional information and a boating map.

Be a Good Neighbour • Please do not take an audible (one without earphones) music player down to the dock. Your neighbours may enjoy the sounds of nature instead. There is an 11:00 pm noise curfew in Muskoka. Please be aware that all outside noise (including loud voices on screened-in porches) can be heard for long distances over water. Please respect your neighbours right to quiet. • When washing dishes, clothes, your pet or yourself, please stay at least 50 metres away from the shore. Never wash or shampoo in your River. Winter • For icy surfaces, use inexpensive sand, sawdust or fireplace ashes, and not salt or commercial ice melters. • Please stay off any ice that forms on the Moon River. It is a flowing water body and ice can be very thin and dangerous. • Snowmobile only on designated trails and respect private property. A trail permit is required.

Additional Information:

Important telephone numbers to know: South Muskoka Memorial Hospital, 75 Ann Street, Bracebridge (705) 645-4400 O.P.P., 690 Cedar Lane, Bracebridge 1-888-310-1122 Pharmacies are located in Gravenhurst, Port Carling and Bracebridge Walk in clinic: 230 Manitoba St., Bracebridge (705) 646-7634 Animal Control: Township of Muskoka Lakes (705) 765-3156

Muskoka Watershed Council: www.muskokaheritage.org/watershed (705) 645-7393

Muskoka Heritage Foundation: www.muskokaheritage.org (705) 645-7393

Muskoka Water Web: www.muskokawaterweb.ca (705) 645-7393

The Living by Water Project: www.livingbywater.ca (613) 272-5136

Appendix 5: Night Sky Friendly Lighting

Appendix 6: Memories

During our initial Stakeholder Workshop, we asked for attendee help in putting together some of their ideas about what makes the Moon River so special to them. Our time spent enjoying the Moon River, is very personal to us. All of us have our own ideas about our most significant memories, what we value about our surroundings and the places we enjoy spending our valuable and hard earned vacation time. Below we have captured these thoughts and ideas and hope that the reader will keep these in mind when it comes to ensuring that our piece of heaven will be here for generations to come.

Memories of Life on the Moon: I Remember . . .

• Great Place for family gatherings • Cycling into town • Canoeing & Kayaking in the early morning • Skiing • Fishing with the children • Swimming • Swimming at the Bala Falls • Bonfires • Quiet time on the dock • Seafleas • My children’s smiles ever time they are here • Learning to water-ski • The Chutes • Friends getting together at he Chutes • The road from Gravenhurst to Bala over • Turtles sunning by the river side the rock (back in the 1920/30’s) • Wildlife sightings • Boat-a-cade when we actually decorated our • Draining of the River in the late 80’s boats • Moon River cruises on Tooke’s Pathfinder • Simpler times • Storm of 2006 • Quietness • Sunsets on the River • Fun place to be • The mist when the River loses its heat in • The Regatta the Fall • Jumping off the cliffs at the Chutes • Tooke’s dock • Relaxing in OPG Bay (Boozer’s Bay) • Town dock marina and gas service • Arriving to the river as a 6 yr. old and being • Heading to Town by boat to pick up the able to row all over the place (1943) Newspaper • Coming down the River (no roads) by • Having the Newspaper delivered to our Tooke’s ferry “The Pathfinder” dock each day • Sailing all over the river over the years • Hearing and seeing the loons and other • When there were very few cottages on the critters River • Hearing the sounds of the train late at night • One could always catch fish for dinner • Gerry Dunn and Dunn’s Pavilion • My nine year old (now thirty) saying, • Big Bands at Dunn’s “Daddy, let’s buy this one (cottage)” • The Jazz Cruise coming by our dock • Coming here as a youth • Getting sucked down the chutes in our • Burgess’ store canoe • Bala Railway station • First time operating a boat on the river • Experiences with family • Older people talking about fishing, wildlife, • The first time seeing Bala and the Moon quiet River • Moon River Annual Regatta/Lake Muskoka • Family events Regatta 84

• Celebrating 100 years on the Moon • Dinner at the Restaurant at the Town • Abundance of frogs Docks overlooking the River & Sunset • Rowboats/sailboats/canoes dominating the • Ing’s Grocery Store river • The Balacade • Picnics at the chutes • Family card games on the front porch – late • Drinking the water right from the river (in into the evening. the 40’s & before) • Lunch on the Rock in front of our cottage • Having a natural retreat to grow up in • Catching crawfish • Moon River early in spring with mist rising • Coming out of the River with a leech stuck from the river in early morning to your foot • My grandparent’s loving the community • Acorn fights in the Fall within a natural setting • The Old Bala Post Office by the United • God’s country where we are all only visitors Church • Hiking through the woods and on the trails • The talking parrot in Burgess’s Hardware • When the river was less developed and store more like a wilderness retreat • The trip to Don’s Bakery for weekend treats • Sending up groceries from the city by train • Singing songs around the campfire and & collecting them on their arrival having boats sit off shore to listen. • Going to Church on Sunday mornings • Walking into town – barefoot! • Boating to the town dock to get an ice • Dinners at Roselawn cream cone.

Appendix 7: Ideas that could be developed further

• Create a charitable foundation (e.g. “Moon River Stewardship Foundation”) to carry on the work of Moon River Stewardship. • Marine Patrol: Concept for a volunteer marine educational patrol. • Explain and promote household eco-friendly products and practices. • Develop ideas for septic system maintenance and inspections. • Develop and publish a collection of personal cottage history stories • Prepare and publish (or make available online) a history of MRPOA • Document, preserve, and publish (or make available online) historical water testing data • Conduct an annual environmental education session: i.e., maintenance of water quality; good habitat for fish and other desirable wildlife; a bay-by-bay lecture series to encourage local stewardship; etc.. • Create a list and pictures of animals, fish, and plant life found on the Bala Reach which individuals could use to record personal sightings. • Create an annual photo competition featuring stewardship issues.