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Helminth Parasites of Two Cyprinid Fishes from Topolniтsa River, Bulgaria

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Helminth Parasites of Two Cyprinid Fishes from Topolniтsa River, Bulgaria Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LXIII, No. 1, 2020 ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN Online 2393-2260; ISSN-L 2285-5750 HELMINTH PARASITES OF TWO CYPRINID FISHES FROM TOPOLNIТSA RIVER, BULGARIA Mariya CHUNCHUKOVA, Diana KIRIN, Dimitrinka KUZMANOVA Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract During summer 2019, 15 specimens of round-scaled barbell (Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837) and 12 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) from Topolnitsa River were collected and examined with standard techniques for parasites. Helminth parasites were recorded in 9round-scaled barbell specimens (60%) and 7 Orpheus dace specimens (58.33%) from Topolnitsa River. Only one parasite species was identified in both cyprinid fishes –the acanthocephalan species Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776). Bioindicator significance of established parasite species was discussed for ecological evaluation of the state of the studied freshwater ecosystem. New data for the helminths of round-scaled barbell and Orpheus dace from Topolnitsa River are presented. Key words: Barbus cyclolepis, helminths, Squalius orpheus, Topolnitsa River. INTRODUCTION study aims to present the diversity of parasites of round-scaled barbell and Orpheus dace from Topolnitsa River is a river in Southern Topolnitsa River. As a result of this survey, Bulgaria, left tributary of the Maritsa River. new data for helminths of B. cyclolepis and Sq. With a length of 154.8 km, Topolnitsa River is orpheus is presented. one of the longest rivers in the Maritsa catchment area. Topolnitsa River is one of the MATERIALS AND METHODS heavily polluted rivers in Bulgaria (Zhelev et al., 2013). Species composition of the In early summer of 2019 fish and fish parasites ichthyofauna, heavy metal and toxic element were collected and examined from Topolnitsa levels in aquatic mosses, aquatic macrophytes River (village Yunatsite). The village Yunatsite and sediments, changes in the morphological is located on the south bank of Topolnitsa content of the blood of amphibian species as a River. The River springs from the Sredna Gora result of anthropogenic pollution of Topolnitsa Mountain in central Bulgaria. Almost the entire River and its basin were studied (Yurukova and Topolnitsa River from the springs to above the Gecheva, 2012; Gecheva et al., 2013; Kolev, confluence of the Mativir River is a Protected 2013; Zhelev et al., 2013). Species composition Zone (NATURA 2000 zones: Sredna Gora of the ichthyofauna of Topolnitsa River is BG0001389). represented by 13 fish species belonging to 4 A total of 15 specimens of the round-scaled families (Kolev, 2013). In Topolnitsa River, barbell (Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837) and two species belonging to Cyprinidae family 12 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius predominate - Barbus cyclolepis and Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) from orpheus (Kolev, 2013). The area of the Topolnitsa River were collected and examined Topolnitsa River has been subject to constant in 2019. Fish were caught by angling. The heavy metal pollution for many years scientific and common names of fish hosts are (Velcheva and Nikolov, 2009). Parasites are used according to the FishBase database (Fröse indicators for the ecosystem stability, and Pauly, 2020). biodiversity and environmental health The fish samples were examined immediately (Marcogliese and Price, 1997; Marcogliese, after their capture for gastrointestinal parasites 2003; 2004; 2005; Sures et al., 2017). This using standard techniques. The samples are 475 counted and identified using keys of Bauer et middle reaches of flowing rivers with sandy- al. (1981), Bauer (1987) and Bykhovskaya- gravelly bottom. B. cyclolepis feeds on larvae Pavlovskaya (1985). Acanthocephalans are of chironomids, caddisflies, mayflies and plant examined as temporary slides in ethanol- detritus (Karapetkova and Zhivkov, 2006). B. glycerin and identified (Petrochenko, 1956; cyclolepis is endemic fish to the Maritsa River Ergens and Lom, 1970; Bykhovskaya- Basin (Kolev, 2013). Pavlovskaya, 1985). Orpheus dace is freshwater, pelagic, The ecological terms prevalence, mean inten- omnivorous fish species. Young fish feeds on sity (MI) and mean abundance (MA) are used algae and crustaceans, and adults - insects and and calculated, based on Bush et al. (1997). their larvae, fish, frogs and small rodents The dominant structure of the component (Karapetkova and Zhivkov, 2006).This fish helminth communities is determined according species occurs in small to larger streams and to the criteria proposed by Kennedy (1993) rivers with standing water to moderate current based on the prevalence (P%) as: accidental (Fröse and Pauly, 2020). Sq. оrpheus is (P% < 10), component (P% < 20) and core (P% endemic fish to the Aegean Basin (Kolev, >20) species. 2013). A total of 15 specimens of the round-scaled RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS barbell (Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837) and 12 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius A total of 15 specimens of the round-scaled orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) from barbell (Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837) and Topolnitsa River were collected and examined 12 specimens of Orpheus dace (Squalius for parasites. Helminth parasites were recorded orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006) from in 9 round-scaled barbell specimens (60%) and Topolnitsa River are collected and examined in 7 Orpheus dace specimens (58.33%) from 2019. The round-scaled barbell and Orpheus Topolnitsa River. Only one parasite species dace are not included in the Red Data Book of was identified in both cyprinid fishes – the the Republic of Bulgaria (Golemanski (Ed.), acanthocephalan species Pomphorhynchus 2011). Barbus cyclolepis and Squalius orpheus laevis (Zoega in Müller, 1776) (Table 1). The are estimated as least concern species only established helminth species occurred as (LC=Least Concern; IUCN Red List Status). an adult. P. laevis is autogenic species, matured Round-scaled barbell is freshwater, in fish. The studied two cyprinid fish hosts benthopelagic fish species (Fröse and Pauly, showed similar prevalence, mean abundance 2020). This fish species inhabits upper and and mean intensity (Table 1). Table 1. Ecological indices of the helminth parasites of B. cyclolepis and Sq. оrpheus from Topolnitsa River (N - number of examined fish specimens, n - number of infected hosts, p - number of parasites, P% - prevalence, MA - mean abundance, MI - mean intensity) Host Helminth species N n p P% MA±SD MI±SD Range Barbus cyclolepis 15 9 27 60.00 1.8±2.34 3.0±2.36 1-8 Pomphorhynchus laevis Squalius orpheus 12 7 21 58.33 1.75±3.19 3.0±3.70 1-12 Pomphorhynchus laevis Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda), and definitive The established in this study Pomphorhynchus host - fish (Petrochenko, 1956). G. pulex is a laevis is an intestinal parasite of many bioindicator for β-mesosaprobity (Johnson et freshwater fish, most often by a family al., 1993). Cyprinidae and less frequently by other P. laevis was reported as a parasite of B. families (Kakacheva-Avramova, 1983). The cyclolepis from Tundzha River (Kakacheva- life cycle of P. laevis is accomplished with the Avramova, 1972). For Bulgaria, participation of the intermediate host C. brachycollis, C. fennica, Caryophyllaeides 476 sp. juv., B. rectangulum, Cestoidea g. sp., (=Rhabdochona sulaki), R. denudata, Allocreadium isoporum, Allocreadium Rhabdochana hellichi, Schulmanela isoporum macrorchis, Diplostomum petruschewskii (= Capillaria petruschewskii), spathaceum larv., Dactylogyrus carpathicus, Nematoda gen. sp., Acanthocephalus anguillae, D. dyki, D. petenyi, Gyrodactylus albaniensis, Neoechinorhynchus rutili and P. laevis were G. markewitschi, Paradiplozoon homoion, reported as parasites of B. cyclolepis (Table. 2). Diplozoon sp., Rhabdochona gnedini Table 2. Overview of helminth species of Barbus cyclolepis registered in Bulgaria Authority Margaritov Kakacheva- Kakacheva- Kirin Kirin This study (1965) Avramova Avramova (2002a) (2003) (1965) (1972) Helminth species Cestoda Caryophyllaeus brachycollis • • • • • Caryophyllaeides fennica • • • • Caryophyllaeides sp. juv. • Bathybothrium rectangulum • • • • Cestoidea g.sp. • Trematoda Allocreadium isoporum • • • Allocreadium isoporum • macrorchis Diplostomum spathaceum larv. • Dactylogyrus carpathicus • Dactylogyrus dyki • Dactylogyrus petenyi • Gyrodactylus albaniensis • Gyrodactylus markewitschi • Paradiplozoon homoion • Diplozoon sp. • Nematoda Rhabdochona gnedini • Rhabdochona denudata • • Rhabdochona hellichi • Schulmanela petruschewskii • Schulmanela sp. • Nematoda g.sp. • Acanthocephala Acanthocephalus anguillae • • • Neoechinorhynchus rutili • • Pomphorhynchus laevis • • • reported from Kakacheva-Avramova (1965) as Diplozoon sp. and Diplozoon sp. diporpa • reported from Kakacheva-Avramova (1972) as Allocreadium isoporum isoporum The parasite fauna of B. cyclolepis from River barbell four parasite species: Caryophyllaeus Topolnitsa was studied from Margaritov (1965) brachycollis, Caryophyllaeides fennica, and Kakacheva-Avramova (1965). Margaritov Rhabdochana denudata and Nematoda g. sp. (1965) studied the parasite fauna of B. Margaritov (1965) specifically notes that cyclolepis from the middle reaches of River acanthocephalan species has not been revealed Maritsa and its tributaries - Chepinska, in fish from Topolnitsa River. Kakacheva- Topolnitsa and Vacha rivers. For Topolnitsa
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