Supplemental Materials Table S1. Annual Rodent Imports
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2 Breeding of wild and some domestic animals at regional zoological institutions in 2013 3 РЫБЫ P I S C E S ВОББЕЛОНГООБРАЗНЫЕ ORECTOLOBIFORMES Сем. Азиатские кошачьи акулы (Бамбуковые акулы) – Hemiscyllidae Коричневополосая бамбуковая акула – Chiloscyllium punctatum Brownbanded bambooshark IUCN (NT) Sevastopol 20 ХВОСТОКОЛООБРАЗНЫЕ DASYATIFORMES Сем. Речные хвостоколы – Potamotrygonidae Глазчатый хвостокол (Моторо) – Potamotrygon motoro IUCN (DD) Ocellate river stingray Sevastopol - ? КАРПООБРАЗНЫЕ CYPRINIFORMES Сем. Цитариновые – Citharinidae Серебристый дистиход – Distichodusaffinis (noboli) Silver distichodus Novosibirsk 40 Сем. Пираньевые – Serrasalmidae Серебристый метиннис – Metynnis argenteus Silver dollar Yaroslavl 10 Обыкновенный метиннис – Metynnis schreitmuelleri (hypsauchen) Plainsilver dollar Nikolaev 4; Novosibirsk 100; Kharkov 20 Пятнистый метиннис – Metynnis maculatus Spotted metynnis Novosibirsk 50 Пиранья Наттерера – Serrasalmus nattereri Red piranha Novosibirsk 80; Kharkov 30 4 Сем. Харацидовые – Characidae Красноплавничный афиохаракс – Aphyocharax anisitsi (rubripinnis) Bloodfin tetra Киев 5; Perm 10 Парагвайский афиохаракс – Aphyocharax paraquayensis Whitespot tetra Perm 11 Рубиновый афиохаракс Рэтбина – Aphyocharax rathbuni Redflank bloodfin Perm 10 Эквадорская тетра – Astyanax sp. Tetra Perm 17 Слепая рыбка – Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus (Anoptichthys jordani) Mexican tetra Kharkov 10 Рублик-монетка – Ctenobrycon spilurus (+ С. spilurusvar. albino) Silver tetra Kharkov 20 Тернеция (Траурная тетра) – Gymnocorymbus -
Linking Behavior, Co-Infection Patterns, and Viral Infection Risk with the Whole Gastrointestinal Helminth Community Structure in Mastomys Natalensis
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.669058 Linking Behavior, Co-infection Patterns, and Viral Infection Risk With the Whole Gastrointestinal Helminth Community Structure in Mastomys natalensis Bram Vanden Broecke 1*, Lisse Bernaerts 1, Alexis Ribas 2, Vincent Sluydts 1, Ladslaus Mnyone 3, Erik Matthysen 1 and Herwig Leirs 1 1 Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2 Parasitology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, IRBio (Research Institute of Biodiversity), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 3 Pest Management Center, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania Edited by: Yadong Zheng, Infection probability, load, and community structure of helminths varies strongly between Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary and within animal populations. This can be ascribed to environmental stochasticity Research (CAAS), China or due to individual characteristics of the host such as their age or sex. Other, but Reviewed by: Mario Garrido, understudied, factors are the hosts’ behavior and co-infection patterns. In this study, we Ben-Gurion University of the used the multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) as a model system to investigate Negev, Israel Si-Yang Huang, how the hosts’ sex, age, exploration behavior, and viral infection history affects their Yangzhou University, China infection risk, parasitic load, and community structure of gastrointestinal helminths. We Hannah Rose Vineer, hypothesized that the hosts’ exploration behavior would play a key role in the risk for University of Liverpool, United Kingdom infection by different gastrointestinal helminths, whereby highly explorative individuals *Correspondence: would have a higher infection risk leading to a wider diversity of helminths and a larger Bram Vanden Broecke load compared to less explorative individuals. -
Plant Patterning in the Chilean Matorral: Are Ent Effects on the Matorral Vegetation
Abstract: Native and exotic mammals have differ- Plant Patterning in the Chilean Matorral: Are ent effects on the matorral vegetation. (A) Large the Roles of Native and Exotic Mammals mammals (guanacos vs goats) differ in that native 1 guanacos are only minor browsers, whereas goats Different? use shrubs more extensively. Differences between goats and shrub-defoliating insects provide addi- tional evidence that goats are a novel perturba- 2 tion on the matorral vegetation. (B) European Eduardo R. Fuentes and Javier A. Simonetti rabbits and their native counterparts differ in their effects on shrub seedlings and on native perennial herbs. Native small mammals affect only the periphery of antipredator refuges. Rabbits are infrequently preyed upon, do not exhibit such habitat restriction, and show a more extensive effect. Implications for matorral renewal are discussed. Mammals and the matorral vegetation have recip- tolerance to the new species. Here, only pre- rocal effects on each other's distribution and adaptative traits would account for any resilience abundance. On the one hand, shrubs, herbs, and of the system. grasses provide food and cover for matorral mam- mals (Jaksić and others 1980; see also the chapter The second reason why the question is important by W. Glanz and P. Meserve in this volume). On relates to the coupling of herbivores to the eco- the other hand, the use that mammals make of the system structure. habitat can have several consequences for the plants, affecting their distribution and abun- Herbivores as a link between producers and car- dance. nivores have been selected not only for their ca- pacity to eat tissues of certain plants but also Here, we will examine the question: are the for their ability to avoid predation. -
No Evidence for Proteolytic Venom Resistance in Southern African Ground Squirrels
1 No evidence for proteolytic venom resistance in southern African ground squirrels Molly A. Phillips, Jane M. Waterman, Pg Du Plessis, Martin Smit, and Nigel C. Bennett Abstract Many species that interact with venomous snakes show resistances to their venoms. The family Sciuridae has several North American members that harass venomous snakes and show proteolytic resistances in their sera. We examined sera collected from an African ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) against two sympatric venomous snakes (Bitis arietans and Naja annulifera) and found no support for proteolytic resistance. Our results add to our understanding of the risks in predator defense within the family Sciuridae. Keywords: Xerus inauris; Bitis arietans; Naja annulifera; Venom; Venom resistance; Predator-prey Animal venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that induce many destructive physiological effects for a variety of purposes, including prey capture (Fry et al., 2008; Jansa and Voss, 2011), digestion (Thomas and Pough, 1979), and defense (Kardong, 1982). The evolution of venom in snakes is thought to be a major factor leading to the radiation of over 2500 advanced snake species (Vidal, 2002). Some animals that interact with venomous snakes have physiological resistance to venom. As a predator, the Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) is resistant to the haemorrhagic effects caused by the venom of many snake species (Tomihara et al., 1990). California ground squirrels (Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi) defend against snake predation by mobbing and have resistance against the proteolytic activity of the venom from northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) (Biardi, 2000). The Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) is a ground-dwelling sciurid that inhabits the arid regions of southern Africa (Skurski and Waterman, 2005). -
The Impact of Civil War on Forest Wildlife in West Africa: Mammals in Gola Forest, Sierra Leone J Eremy A
The impact of civil war on forest wildlife in West Africa: mammals in Gola Forest, Sierra Leone J eremy A. Lindsell,Erik K lop and A lhaji M. Siaka Abstract Human conflicts may sometimes benefit wildlife et al., 1996). However, the generality of this argument has by depopulating wilderness areas but there is evidence been challenged and recent evidence, especially from forest- from Africa that the impacts tend to be negative. The based conflicts in Africa, suggests a negative impact from forested states of West Africa have experienced much over-harvesting of wildlife, degradation of habitats and recent human conflict but there have been no assessments pollution, and the prevention of a range of necessary of impacts on the wildlife. We conducted surveys of conservation and protection activities (Dudley et al., mammals in the 710-km2 Gola Forest reserves to assess 2002; McNeely, 2003). Understanding the effects of conflict the impact of the 1991–2001 civil war in Sierra Leone. Gola on wildlife has important implications for the way conser- is the most important remaining tract of lowland forest in vation agencies work in conflict areas (Plumptre et al., the country and a key site for the conservation of the 2000; Hanson et al., 2009), especially how effectively they highly threatened forests of the Upper Guinea region. We can respond at the cessation of hostilities (Draulans & Van found that Gola has survived well despite being in the Krunkelsven, 2002; McNeely, 2003) because the period of heart of the area occupied by the rebels. We recorded 44 time immediately after war is often crucial (Dudley et al., species of larger mammal, including 18 threatened, near- 2002). -
Establishment of a Genetically Confirmed Breeding Colony of Mastomys Natalensis from Wild-Caught Founders from West Africa
viruses Article Establishment of a Genetically Confirmed Breeding Colony of Mastomys natalensis from Wild-Caught Founders from West Africa David Safronetz 1,*,†, Kyle Rosenke 1, Robert J. Fischer 2,‡, Rachel A. LaCasse 3, Dana P. Scott 3, Greg Saturday 3, Patrick W. Hanley 3, Ousmane Maiga 4, Nafomon Sogoba 4, Tom G. Schwan 2 and Heinz Feldmann 1,* 1 Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; fi[email protected] (R.J.F.); [email protected] (T.G.S.) 3 Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] (R.A.L.); [email protected] (D.P.S.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (P.W.H.) 4 International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (N.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (H.F.) † Current address: Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Citation: Safronetz, D.; Rosenke, K.; ‡ Current Address: Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy Fischer, R.J.; LaCasse, R.A.; Scott, D.P.; and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA. -
Mastomys Spp. – Multimammate Mouse
Mastomys spp. – Multimammate Mouse Taxonomic status: Species Taxonomic notes: A good review of the systematics of Mastomys is provided by Granjon et al. (1997). Mastomys spp. are cryptic and difficult to distinguish morphologically but clearly separable by molecular and chromosomal markers (Britton-Davidian et al. 1995; Lecompte et al. 2005). For example, within the assessment region, M. coucha and M. natalensis can be distinguished only through chromosome number (in M. coucha 2n = 36; in M. natalensis 2n = 32) and molecular markers (Colangelo et al. 2013) but not on cranio-dental features, nor a multivariate analysis (Dippenaar et al. 1993). Mastomys coucha – Richard Yarnell Assessment Rationale Regional Red List status (2016) Both species are listed as Least Concern as they have a Mastomys coucha Least Concern wide distribution within the assessment region, where they likely occur in most protected areas, are abundant in Mastomys natalensis Least Concern human-transformed areas, including agricultural areas and areas affected by human disturbances, and because National Red List status (2004) there are no significant threats that could cause range- Mastomys coucha Least Concern wide decline. Additionally, these species are known as prolific breeders with population numbers likely to recover Mastomys natalensis Least Concern quickly after a decline. Because of their reproductive Reasons for change No change characteristics, population eruptions often occur under favourable conditions. Landowners and managers should Global Red List status (2016) pursue ecologically-based rodent management strategies Mastomys coucha Least Concern and biocontrol instead of rodenticides to regulate population explosions of this species. Mastomys natalensis Least Concern Regional population effects: For M. coucha, significant TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None dispersal is unlikely because the bulk of the population CITES listing None occurs within the assessment region. -
Mammals of Jordan
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mammals of Jordan Z. AMR, M. ABU BAKER & L. RIFAI Abstract: A total of 78 species of mammals belonging to seven orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Carni- vora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) have been recorded from Jordan. Bats and rodents represent the highest diversity of recorded species. Notes on systematics and ecology for the re- corded species were given. Key words: Mammals, Jordan, ecology, systematics, zoogeography, arid environment. Introduction In this account we list the surviving mammals of Jordan, including some reintro- The mammalian diversity of Jordan is duced species. remarkable considering its location at the meeting point of three different faunal ele- Table 1: Summary to the mammalian taxa occurring ments; the African, Oriental and Palaearc- in Jordan tic. This diversity is a combination of these Order No. of Families No. of Species elements in addition to the occurrence of Insectivora 2 5 few endemic forms. Jordan's location result- Chiroptera 8 24 ed in a huge faunal diversity compared to Carnivora 5 16 the surrounding countries. It shelters a huge Hyracoidea >1 1 assembly of mammals of different zoogeo- Artiodactyla 2 5 graphical affinities. Most remarkably, Jordan Lagomorpha 1 1 represents biogeographic boundaries for the Rodentia 7 26 extreme distribution limit of several African Total 26 78 (e.g. Procavia capensis and Rousettus aegypti- acus) and Palaearctic mammals (e. g. Eri- Order Insectivora naceus concolor, Sciurus anomalus, Apodemus Order Insectivora contains the most mystacinus, Lutra lutra and Meles meles). primitive placental mammals. A pointed snout and a small brain case characterises Our knowledge on the diversity and members of this order. -
Birdingasia 23Cover
100 BirdingASIA 23 (2015): 100–101 NOTEBOOK Notes on the diet of the Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis ZHU LEI, YANG XIAO-NONG, HAO GUANG, LIU TIAN-TIAN, DAI ZI-YUE & SUN YUE-HUA Introduction reappeared, one of them with what was clearly a The Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis is a large large mammal dangling from its claws; it then flew diurnal raptor which inhabits mountain forests of due north before disappearing from view. Although tropical and subtropical Asia (Clark 1994). the observation only lasted about a minute, DZ-Y Although widespread in Asia, it is not well known obtained images (Plates 1 & 2) which enabled the and most of the relatively few studies have focused animal to be identified as a Red and White Giant on breeding biology (Zhu et al. 2014). Here we Flying Squirrel. The observation also suggests that present a note of our observations of the species at the pair might have engaged in cooperative hunting. Wawu Shan National Forestry Park (NFP), central Sichuan, China (29.650°N 102.933°E), including Notes on diet predation of a nocturnal Red and White Giant Flying Although the Black Eagle is widely described as Squirrel Petaurista alborufus, and review available feeding on rodents, snakes, lizards, pheasants and, information on the diet of the Black Eagle. particularly, eggs and nestlings of other birds (Ferguson-Lees & Christie 2001, Ali 2005, Robson Observations 2008) or regarded as a small mammal specialist On 29 April 2011 at 12h10 the authors in the course (Rasmussen & Anderton 2012), few studies have of their fieldwork were watching a pair of Black focused on its diet and feeding habits. -
FUNAMBULUS SPP., the STRIPED PALM SQUIRRELS 21.1 the Living Animal 21.1.1 Zoology the Striped Palm Squirrels Are Small Rodents W
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE FUNAMBULUS SPP., THE STRIPED PALM SQUIRRELS 21.1 The Living Animal 21.1.1 Zoology The striped palm squirrels are small rodents with a head and body length of about 13–15 cm, and a tail which is slightly longer than the body (Plate 29). The two common species of South Asia are the three-striped or southern Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) with three white stripes running along its dark brown back, and the fi ve-striped or northern Indian palm squirrel (F. pennanti) with two additional white stripes running on the fl anks, parallel to the three dorsal stripes.1 The most important difference between the two spe- cies is that the fi ve-striped squirrel is essentially commensal with man. It has become almost as dependent on man for food and shelter as house rats and mice, and lives in crowded towns, cities and villages where it shelters in houses, gardens, groves, hedges and in roadside trees. The three-striped squirrel, on the contrary, is a forest animal. It has a particularly shrill bird-like call which it repeats again and again, accompanied by quick jerks of its tail. Both species inhabit the Indian peninsula from the base of the Himalayas southwards, but the fi ve-striped squirrel is more common in northern India, particularly in the drier and more arid portions and extends into the dry plains of the South. The three-striped squirrel predominates in the South, and in the moister parts of western and eastern India. Both species may, however, occur in the same area. -
Inger Damon M.D., Ph.D
Status of human monkeypox, epidemiology and research…comparisons with smallpox… considerations for emerging orthopoxviruses Inger Damon M.D., Ph.D. Chief, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch SEC2010 August 24, 2010 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology Timeline • First observed in captive primate colonies – 8 outbreaks1958-1968 – isolated and characterized from primate tissues – 1 outbreak in exposed zoo animals (anteater and primates) – No transmission to humans • First human disease 1970 – surveillance activities of smallpox eradication program – W. Africa (rare cases, no secondary human to human transmission) – Zaire (DRC) • Active surveillance Zaire (DRC) 1981-1986 (338 cases) – Majority cases virologically confirmed – Human to human transmission • Ongoing outbreaks reported from DRC 1996-present – Largely retrospective analyses – Minority cases virologically confirmed, use orthopoxvirus serostatus determination – Over 500 cases reported • First human disease reported outside of Africa, in the U.S. 2003 • Enhanced surveillance DRC RoC Monkeypox: the virus • Species of Orthopoxvirus genus -Member of the Poxvirus family – Other Orthopoxviruses that infect humans – zoonotic except variola • Cowpox, vaccinia, variola • Ectromelia (mousepox), taterapox (gerbilpox) not known to infect humans – Large (~200 kb) complex double stranded DNA virus, cytoplasmic life cycle, brick shaped morphology – 95% nucleotide identity amongst species – 93% conservation of AA of antigens on -
Phylogeny, Biogeography and Systematic Revision of Plain Long-Nosed Squirrels (Genus Dremomys, Nannosciurinae) Q ⇑ Melissa T.R
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (2016) 752–764 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny, biogeography and systematic revision of plain long-nosed squirrels (genus Dremomys, Nannosciurinae) q ⇑ Melissa T.R. Hawkins a,b,c,d, , Kristofer M. Helgen b, Jesus E. Maldonado a,b, Larry L. Rockwood e, Mirian T.N. Tsuchiya a,b,d, Jennifer A. Leonard c a Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20008, USA b Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA c Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, Sevilla 41092, Spain d George Mason University, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 20030, USA e George Mason University, Department of Biology, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 20030, USA article info abstract Article history: The plain long-nosed squirrels, genus Dremomys, are high elevation species in East and Southeast Asia. Received 25 March 2015 Here we present a complete molecular phylogeny for the genus based on nuclear and mitochondrial Revised 19 October 2015 DNA sequences. Concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear gene trees were constructed to determine Accepted 20 October 2015 the tree topology, and date the tree. All speciation events within the plain-long nosed squirrels (genus Available online 31 October 2015 Dremomys) were ancient (dated to the Pliocene or Miocene), and averaged older than many speciation events in the related Sunda squirrels, genus Sundasciurus.