Geographical and Demographical Profile of the Krishna District
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© 2018 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) GEOGRAPHICAL AND DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF THE KRISHNA DISTRICT Dr.P.SRINIVASULU,M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D. Associate Professor Geographical and Demographical features of an area show their immense impact with inflicting influence on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the people, which ultimately induce on the performance of the organizations which have direct public participation. Hence, it is required to discuss the Geographical and other related features. 1. Geographical Features : Krishna District with its District Head Quarters at Machilipatnam is the coastal district of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called Machilipatnam District. Later it was renamed as Krishna District after the holy river Krishna, by adding certain taluks of the abolished Guntur District in 1859. Again in 1925, Krishna District was further divided into Krishna and West Godavari Districts. It lies between 15° 45' and 17° 10' of the northern latitude and 80° 01' and 81° 33' of eastern longitude which extends over an area of 8727 Sq.Kms with a coastal line of 88 Kms. It was surrounded on the East by Bay' of Bengal and on the West by Godavari District, on the South also by Bay of Bengal, on the West by Guntur and Nalgonda Districts and on the North by Khammam District. The District is naturally divided into two zones viz., 1. Delta 2. Upland Delta. The District comprises of 50 Mandals covering 4 Revenue Divisions viz., 1. Bandar 2. Vijayawada 3. Gudivada 4. Nuzividu. The District is naturally divided into Delta and Upland zones. All the Mandals existing in Bandar, Gudivada divisions and part of Vijayawada division (Penamaluru, Kankipadu, Thotlavalluru part of Vijayawada Rural) comprise delta and all the mandals existing in Nuzvid division and the remaining Mandals of Vijayawada division constitute upland. The upland consists of an undulating broken by low ranges of Eastern ghats. The main sources of irrigation in upland are tanks. It is being benefited by the water of Nargarjuna Sagar also. The delta land is being irrigated by canals of river Krishna. There are 3 Municipalities viz., 1. Machilipatnam 2. Gudivada 3. Nuzvid and one Municipal Corporation of Vijayawada Padana and Jaggaiahpet are the two Notified Gram Panchayats. There are 948 inhabited and 38 uninhabited villages in the district. IJRAR19J1034 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 231 © 2018 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) 2. Demography : The total geographical area of the district is 8,727.0 Sq.Kms. The population of the district is 41,87,841. It takes third rank in population and its density is 481 per Sq.Km. as against the State average of 277. The S.C. and S.T. population of the district is 7,46,832 and 1,07,611 respectively. These form 17.83 per cent and 2.57 per cent respectively of the total population of the district as per 2001 census. There are 13,86,261 male literates and 11,53,713 female literates. The male literacy rate constitutes 74.4 per cent of male population and female literacy constitutes 63.2 per cent of female population of the district. The urban population in the district is 13,43,447 which works out to 32.1 per cent of the total population as against 27.3 per cent for the state. Regarding the sex ratio, the district has 978 women for every 1000 men. The working population of the district is 18,41,597, of which 85.55 per cent are main workers and 14.45 per cent are marginal workers. The population of non-workers is 23,46,244 which constitutes 56.02 per cent-of the total population. Out of total workers, cultivators are 2,09,485 (11.38 per cent), agricultural workers are 8,77,277 (47.64 per cent), household workers are 54,202 (2.94 per cent) and other workers are 7,00,633 (38.04 per cent)1. Table No. 1 Population Variations - 1901 to 2001 Sl.No. Year Population Variation [Increase (+) or Density of (Persons) (Decrease (-)] Population No. of Persons Percentage Per Sq.Km. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. 1901 8.61 0 0.00 99 2. 1911 9.93 1.32 15.33 114 3. 1921 10.6 0.67 6.75 122 4. 1931 12.29 1.69 15.94 141 5. 1941 14.14 1.85 15.05 162 6. 1951 17.36 3.22 22.77 199 7. 1961 20.77 3.41 19.64 238 8. 1971 24.94 4.17 20.08 286 9. 1981 30.48 5.54 22.21 349 10. 1991 36.99 6.51 21.36 424 11. 2001 41.88 4.89 13.22 481 Source : Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; Govt. of A.P., Hyderabad, Glimpses of the District, 2006. pp.26. IJRAR19J1034 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 232 © 2018 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Table No. 2 Category-wise and Sex-wise percentage Distribution of population in Krishna District (2001) Sl.No. Category Number of % to the Total Persons Population 1 2 3 4 1. Male population 21,51,187 51.00 2. Females population 20,67,229 49.00 3. Rural population 28,52,769 67.63 4. Urban population 13,65,647 32.37 5, Total Population 42,18,416 100.00 6. Scheduled Castes 6,93,230 16.43 7. Scheduled Tribes 91,767 21.18 8. Literates 26,09,627 69.91 9. Sex Ratio 961 (Females per 1000 males) Source : Directorate of Economics and statistics (2006) Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, glimspses of the district, pp. 1-5, 65-69, 100 – 102. Table-2 shows category-wise and sex-wise percentage distribution of population in Krishna district IJRAR19J1034 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 233 © 2018 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) 3. Literacy and Education : Krishna district has a literacy rate of 69.91 per cent as per 2001 census, occupying the third place next to Hyderabad, and West Godavari in the State. Almost, all the villages in the district have primary schools. Table No. 3 Literacy - Krishna District in Relation to Andhra Pradesh and India Region Literacy Rate for 7 years and above Age Group (%) Persons Males Female 1 2 3 4 Krishna District (2001) Total 69.91 74.57 65.05 Rural 65.56 71.34 59.64 Urban 79.00 81.15 76.68 Krishna District (1991) 53.16 60.55 45.54 Andhra Pradesh (2001) 61.11 70.85 51.17 Andhra Pradesh (1991) 44.08 55.12 32.72 India (2001) 65.38 54.16 75.85 India (1991) 52.21 39.29 64.13 Source : Directorate of Economics and Statistics ; Govt. of A.P., Hyderabad, Glimpses of the District, 2006 : pp26. Table-3 displays literacy levels of the district total and of male literacy and female literacy in comparison to the state and all India for 1991 and 2001. Being an agriculturally and industrially advanced district, literacy level in the district is higher than the all India picture, which itself is above the state level improvement. Over the 1991 level in the district is quite substantial, rising from 53 per cent to nearly 70 per cent and in urban areas going up to nearly 80 per cent. Female literacy ranges from 60 per cent in rural areas to 77 per cent in urban areas, and 65 per cent for the district as a whole.2 IJRAR19J1034 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 234 © 2018 IJRAR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Table No. 4 Pre-primary schools – Mandal wise in Krishna District S. Mandal No. of Schools (Management wise) Total Teachers Enrolment No State Mandal Munici Private Private Me Women Tot Boys Girls Total Parishad -pality aided Unaided n al 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Vijaya 1 wada 1 1 4 4 52 45 97 (U) Source : Handbook of Statistics (2006-2007) Krishna District Chief Planning Officer, Krishna District, Machilipatnam, pp.I, II. The above table - 4 reveals that there is only one pre-primary school in Krishna District, located in Urban Area of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. It’ s an aided institution under private management. The enrolment of the pupils in total is just 97, which includes 52 boys and 45 girls. These 97 children are being imparted education by four women teachers. As for, primary schools in Krishna district there are 2,507 institutions in total, located at various places throughout the district. These primary schools are under different managements. They include Mandal Parishad Schools (1703), Private Aided Schools (585), Private Unaided Schools (114), Municipal Schools (109), State Government Schools (3), Central Government Schools (3), APSP Schools (4), APSWR Schools (5) and one APTWR School. In all these 2507 primary schools, 6786 teachers have been imparting education to the students. Of these total teachers 2895 are male teachers and 3891 are female teachers. The enrolment of the students has accounted for 2,18,125, with 1,08,846 boys and 1,09,279 girls. With regard to upper-primary schools, 836 institutions are established across the Krishna district providing educational facility to 43,230 students, who are imparted education by 5,475 teachers.