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Cynolebias Akroa, a New Species of Annual Fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Rio Preto, São Francisco Basin, Northeastern Brazil

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Cynolebias Akroa, a New Species of Annual Fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Rio Preto, São Francisco Basin, Northeastern Brazil aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Cynolebias akroa, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Preto, São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen1, Mayler Martins2, Luciano Medeiros de Araujo3, Fabio Origuela de Lira4 and Amer Faour5 1) Laboratório de Zoologia, departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Av. Tiradentes180, CEP: 12030-180, Taubaté, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2)Instituto Federal Minas Gerais- Campus Bambuí- Fazenda Varginha-Estrada Bambuí-Medeiros Km 5, CEP: 38900-000, MG, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 3) Fundação Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte – Aquário da Bacia do São Francisco Avenida Otacílio Negrão de Lima, 8000; Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4) Meandros Consultoria Ambiental Ltda., Rua Maria Cândida Cerqueira, 75, Santa Amélia, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 5) C/ Las Fuentes 4 bajo C - 37439 - San Cristóbal de la Cuesta - Salamanca. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20 October 2017 – Accepted: 25 November 2017 Keywords als mit den anderen Cynolebias-Arten vom mittleren Rio- Caatinga domain, Hypsolebias, Cynolebias parnaibensis, São-Francisco-Becken. Cynolebias akroa sp. n. unterschei- introduced species. det sich von den anderen Arten der Gattung durch das Farbmuster der Männchen, die Stellung der Rückenflosse Abstract relativ zu der Afterflosse, die Zahl der Bauchflossenstrah- A new species of Cynolebias is described from temporary len, die Form der Urogenitalpapille und das Muster der pools from the Rio Preto drainage, São Francisco basin, Neuromasten im Kopfbereich. Bahia, Brazil, within the Caatinga domain. The type-local- ity is an altered aquatic environment, with the presence of Resumo exotic fish species and in contact with a permanent water- Uma nova espécie de Cynolebias é descrita a de uma poça course. Cynolebias akroa sp. n., along with Hypsolebias temporária da drenagem do Rio Preto, bacia do São Fran- faouri, that inhabits the same annual pool, are in great dan- cisco, Bahia Brasil, no bioma da Caatinga, em um ambien- ger of extinction. Cynolebias akroa sp. n., appears to be te aquático alterado, com introdução de espécies exóticas e more closely related to Cynolebias parnaibensis, with which em contato com um curso de água permanente. Cynolebias it shares several features, than to the remaining species of akroa sp. n., juntamente com Hypsolebias faouri, que habita Cynolebias from the middle Rio São Francisco basin. a mesma poça anual, estão em grande perigo de extinção. Cynolebias akroa sp. n. differs from other species of Cynolebias akroa sp. n., parece estar mais relacionada com Cynolebias by the male color pattern, relative position of Cynolebias parnaibensis, por uma série de características co- dorsal fin to the anal fin, pelvic-fin rays counts, shape of muns, do que com as demais espécies de Cynolebias do mé- the urogenital papilla, and cephalic neuro mast pattern. dio rio São Francisco. Cynolebias akroa sp. n. difere de ou- tras espécies do gênero Cynolebias pelo padrão de colorido Zusammenfassung dos machos, posição relativa da nadadeira dorsal em rela- Beschrieben wird eine neue Cynolebias-Art aus temporä- ção a nadadeira anal, número de raios na nadadeira pélvica, ren Tümpeln im Einzugsgebiet des Rio Preto, São-Francis- forma da papila urogenital e padrão dos neuromastos cefá- co-Becken, Bahia, Brasilien, im Bereich der Caatinga. Die licos. Typus-Lokalität ist eine veränderte aquatische Umwelt, wo exotische Fischarten vorkommen und Kontakt zu einem Résumé dauerhaften Wasserlauf besteht. Cynolebias akroa sp. n., Une nouvelle espèce de Cynolebias est décrit à partir de ebenso Hypsolebias faouri, der denselben zeitweiligen Tüm- mares temporaires du Rio Preto, drainage du bassin du São pel bewohnt, sind stark von Ausrottung bedroht. Cynole- Francisco, Bahia, Brésil, dans le domaine de caatinga. La bias akroa sp. n. ist offenbar näher mit Cynolebias parnai- localité type est une altération de l'environnement aquati- bensis verwandt – mehrere Merkmale stimmen überein – que, avec la présence d'espèces de poissons exotiques et en 113 aqua vol. 23 no. 4 - 15 March 2018 Cynolebias akroa, a new species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio Preto, São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil contact avec un cours d'eau permanent. Cynolebias akroa Fifteen Cynolebias species occurs at the middle São n. sp., avec Hypsolebias faouri, qui habite le même taux an- Francisco basin, while Cynolebias microphthalmus nuel d'extérieure, sont en grand danger d'extinction. Cyno- Costa & Brasil (2001) occurs in the Rio Jaguaribe lebias akroa n. sp., semble être plus étroitement liée à Cy- basin, Cynolebias parnaibensis Costa et al. (2010) nolebias parnaibensis, avec laquelle elle partage plusieurs ca- ractéristiques, que pour les autres espèces de Cynolebias du occurs in the Rio Parnaíba basin, Cynolebias itapi- milieu du bassin du Rio São Francisco. Cynolebias akroa n. curuensis Costa (2001) occurs in the Rio Itapicuru sp. diffère des autres espèces de Cynolebias par l'homme, basin, Cynolebias paraguassuensis Costa et al. position relative de nageoire dorsale à la nageoire anale, (2007), occurs in the Rio Paraguaçu basin, rayons pelviens-chefs, la forme de la papille urogénitale, Cynolebias vazabarriensis Costa (2001) occurs in neuro-mast céphalique et motif. the Rio Vaza-Barris basin, and Cynolebias griseus Costa et al. (1990) occurs in the Rio Tocantins Sommario basin. Una nuova specie di Cynolebias è descritta da pozze tem- All species of Cynolebias genus have an annual re- poranee del sotto bacino del Rio Preto, bacino idrografico del Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brasile, all'interno del domi- production cycle, with an elaborated reproductive nio Caatinga. La località tipo è un ambiente acquatico al- behavior (Belote & Costa 2003), including the terato, con la presenza di specie ittiche esotiche e in con- production of sounds by males (Costa 2010). In tatto con un corso d'acqua permanente. Cynolebias akroa contrast to most other Rivulidae, the genus sp. n., insieme a Hypsolebias faouri, che abita nella stessa Cynolebias contains medium to large sized species, pozza annuale, sono in grande pericolo di estinzione. Cy- which can surpass 80 mm SL; the largest known nolebias akroa sp. n., sembra essere più strettamente impa- species, C. altus, presents 133.3 mm SL (Costa rentato con Cynolebias parnaibensis, con cui condivide di- 2001). Despite their size, they are not used for hu- verse caratteristiche, rispetto alle restanti specie di Cynole- bias dal bacino centrale del Rio São Francisco. Cynolebias man comsuption because they are said to have a akroa sp. n. differisce dalle altre specie di Cynolebias per la very bad taste. In some areas species of the genus colorazione del maschio, per la posizione della pinna dor- are called “peixe-sabão” (“soap fish”), but more of- sale rispetto alla pinna anale, per il numero dei raggi della ten they are popularly known as “peixe-das-nu- pinna pelvica, per la forma della papilla urogenitale e per il vens” (“cloud s fish”). pattern neurommastico cefalico. In most of the known localities of species of Cynolebias, they are sympatric with species of the INTRODUCTION annual fish genus Hypsolebias. It has been suggested The first annual fish species described from in that species of Cynolebias prey on species of the South America was Cynolebias porosus Steindachner, genus Hypsolebias (Wildekamp 1995). 1876. The stated type-locality was “Pernambuco” The new species described herein was found in a (now Recife, the capital city of the state of Pernam- tributary of the left bank of the rio São Francisco, buco in northeastern Brazil), but as discussed by situated farther away from its main channel than Costa (2001), it is difficult to ascertain the precise any other species of the genus. The aim of the pre- origin of this species, which was never collected sent contribution is to describe formally this unde- again in nature. scribed species. For a long time, the genus Cynolebias was a catch- all taxon, harboring species which are currently as- MATERIALS AND METHODS signed to several other genera of Rivulidae. In fact, a Measurements were taken point-to-point under a great proportion of the South American annual fish stereomicroscope with a digital caliper to the near- species that were described before the 1980 s were est 0.01 mm, on the left side of the specimens, then assigned to the genus Cynolebias. With the in- whenever possible, following Costa (1995, 2007). crease of studies on the family, along with fieldwork Measurements are expressed as percentages of stan- and discovery of new species, new genera were cre- dard length (SL), except subunits of the head, ated for species previously assigned to Cynolebias, which are recorded as percentages of head length such as Austrolebias, Nematolebias, Simpsonichthys, (HL). Hypsolebias, Ophthalmolebias, Xenurolebias, Plesi- In the description, counts of vertebrae and pleural olebias, Cynopoecilus, Leptolebias, Terranatos, and ribs were taken from one male and one female Maratecoara. cleared and stained (c&s) paratypes, which were The majority (15 out of 21) of the species of prepared according to Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). Cynolebias were described during the last 15 years. Terminology for frontal squamation follows aqua vol. 23 no. 4 - 15 marzo 2018 114 Dalton Tavares Bressane Nielsen, Mayler Martins, Luciano Medeiros de Araujo, Fabio Origuela and Amer Faour Hoedeman (1958) and Costa (2006). For vertebral Cynolebias akroa, n. sp. counts, the caudal compound centrum was count- (Figs 1-2; Table I) ed as a single element. Osteological features includ- ed in the description are those considered phyloge- Holotype: ZUEC 14768, male, 75.0 mm SL: Bra- netically informative by recent studies on zil, Bahia, Prazeres, temporary pool at road BA- Cynolebias (Costa 2001, 2014, 2017; Costa et al. 225, rio Preto basin (Rio São Francisco basin), 2010). Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj 11°23’24.8”S 44°54’11.2”W, altitude 522 m, 25 (2016), with addition of UNITAU (Universidade January 2014; Mayler Martins, Fabio Origuela de de Taubaté).
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