TENTAKULAT E KRIMIT NDËRKOMBËTAR Zonat Problematike Të Krimit Të Organizuar Nga Vendet E Ballkanit Perëndimor

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TENTAKULAT E KRIMIT NDËRKOMBËTAR Zonat Problematike Të Krimit Të Organizuar Nga Vendet E Ballkanit Perëndimor RAPORT STUDIMOR TENTAKULAT E KRIMIT NDËRKOMBËTAR Zonat Problematike të Krimit të Organizuar nga Vendet e Ballkanit Perëndimor WALTER KEMP KORRIK 2020 TENTAKULAT E KRIMIT NDËRKOMBËTAR TENTAKULAT E KRIMIT NDËRKOMBËTAR Zonat Problematike të Krimit të Organizuar nga Vendet e Ballkanit Perëndimor W Walter Kemp Korrik 2020 MIRËNJOHJE DHE FALËNDERIME Ky raport është hartuar nga Observatori i Shoqërisë Civile Kundër Krimit të Organizuar në Evropën Juglindore (SEE-Obs). SEE-Obs është një platformë që mbledh së bashku dhe fuqizon organizata të shoqërisë civile në Shqipëri, Bosnjë Hercegovinë, Kosovë, Malin e Zi, Maqedoninë e Veriut, dhe në Serbi. Observatori kërkon t’i krijojë mundësi shoqërisë civile që të identifikojë, analizojë dhe të krijojë një tabllo të prirjeve dhe tendencave kriminale, si dhe ndikimin e tyre mbi trafiqet e paligjshme, qeverisjen, zhvillimin, marrëdhëniet ndëretnike, sigurinë dhe respektimin e ligjit. SEE-Obs mbështet organizatat e shoqërisë civile në punën e tyre për monitorimin e zhvillimeve dhe tendencave të krimit të organizuar në nivel kombëtar, rajonal dhe ndërkombëtar. Observatori u krijua në vitin 2018, pas takimit të Londrës mbi vendet e Ballkanit perëndimor, në kuadër të Procesit të Berlinit. Ky raport bazohet mbi të dhëna, informacione dhe analiza të mbledhura nga organizata dhe aktivistë të shoqërisë civile nga vendet e Ballkanit perëndimor, me ndihmën dhe kontributin e një grupi prej 15 studiuesish dhe ekspertësh. I falënderojmë për ndihmesën e vyer përgjatë këtij procesi, si dhe për angazhimin e hapur dhe konstruktiv gjatë punës studimore. Të dhënat nga puna kërkimore u analizuan dhe u përmblodhën nga Walter Kemp, me ndihmën e Fatjona Mejdinit, Ugi Zvekic, Fabian Zhillës, dhe Kristina Amerhauser. Ky raport u hartua me mbështetjen financiare të Fondit për Konfliktet, Stabilitetin, dhe Sigurinë të Mbretërisë së Bashkuar (United Kingdom’s Conflict, Stability and Security Fund). Përmbajtja e këtij raporti është përgjegjësi vetëm e Iniciativës Globale Kundër Krimit të Organizuar Ndërkombëtar, dhe nuk pasqyron domosdoshëmrisht pikëpamjet e Mbretërisë së Bashkuar. NË LIDHJE ME AUTORIN Walter Kemp drejton zyrën e studimeve në Iniciativën Globale Kundër Krimit të Organizuar Ndërkombëtar (GI-TOC), dhe drejton Observatorin e Shoqërisë Civile Kundër Krimit të Organizuar në Evropën Juglindore (SEE-Obs). Më parë ka mbajtur një sërë postesh të rëndësishme në Organizatën për Siguri dhe Bashkëpunim në Evropë, ka qenë zëvendës president i Institutit Ndërkombëtar të Paqes (International Peace Institute), si dhe ka punuar si zëdhënës dhe autor deklaratash e fjalimesh pranë Zyrës mbi Drogën dhe Krimin të Organizatës së Kombeve të Bashkuara. Është autor i një sërë punimesh mbi parandalimin e konflikteve, marrëdhëniet midis krimit dhe konflikteve, si dhe mbi çështje që lidhen me sigurinë në Evropë. © 2020 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. Të gjitha të drejtat e Asnjë pjesë e këtij publikimi nuk mund të riprodhohet apo transmetohet në çfarëdolloj forme apo mënyre pa miratimin me shkrim të Global Initiative Kopertina nga Flame Design Hartografia: Paulina Rosol-Barrass Për çdo informacion, ju lutemi të kontaktoni: The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime Avenue de France 23 Geneva, CH-1202 Switzerland www.globalinitiative.net PËRMBAJTJA Përmbledhje ekzekutive �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Zona problematike në botë ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Konteksti: Shpërngulja si pasojë e trazirave ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Periudha komuniste: Krimi i organizuar në Jugosllavi dhe Shqipëri ������������������������������������������������������ 7 Shqipëri ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Lidhja me Turqinë ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 Lufta dhe pasojat e saj ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Kriminelët në vijën e frontit �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Sanksionet dhe ‘fabrika e krimit’ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 12 Shpërthimi i një vale krimi brenda vendit ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Shembja e piramidës shqiptare �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Krim dhe konflikt në Kosovë ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Shtet mafioz ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Mblidh mendjen ose mblidh plaçkat ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 Shqiptarët zgjerojnë territorin ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Shpërngulja dhe diaspora ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 20 Evropa Perëndimore................................................................................................................................................. 22 Itali: Partnerë në krim ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 24 Spanjë: Nga hajdutë në bosë ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 Hollandë: ‘Jugomafia’ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 29 Republika Çeke ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 Afrika e Jugut �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Importim kriminelësh ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Krejçir dhe Gavriç ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 36 Larje hesapesh ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 37 Aktorë të rinj në skena të reja? ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 39 Turqi: Porta e hyrjes për në lindje �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 Lidhje të forta midis Turqisë dhe Ballkanit �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 Nga valixhet tek kamionët ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 42 Thithja e investimeve dhe tregtisë ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 ‘Korridori Ballkanik’ i heroinës ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 Kanabis dhe super marihuana ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 46 Trafikimi i emigrantëve ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 Amerika Latine ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 Zanafilla e grupeve të kokainës �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 Pse Amerika Latine është vend kaq tërheqës ���������������������������������������������������������������53 Në vendin e duhur dhe në kohën e duhur ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 55 Roli i grupeve nga vendet e Ballkanit perëndimor ��������������������������������������������������������56 Korridoret dhe mënyrat e trafikimit �������������������������������������������������������������������������������60 Metoda të tjera të trafikimit të drogës ���������������������������������������������������������������������������64
Recommended publications
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: a Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power by Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 15 The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power by Christopher J. Lamb, with Sarah Arkin and Sally Scudder Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified com- batant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: President Bill Clinton addressing Croat-Muslim Federation Peace Agreement signing ceremony in the Old Executive Office Building, March 18, 1994 (William J. Clinton Presidential Library) The Bosnian Train and Equip Program The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power By Christopher J. Lamb with Sarah Arkin and Sally Scudder Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 15 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. March 2014 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema After the Break
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses April 2014 The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema after the Break Dijana Jelaca University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Jelaca, Dijana, "The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema after the Break" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 10. https://doi.org/10.7275/vztj-0y40 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/10 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GENEALOGY OF DISLOCATED MEMORY: YUGOSLAV CINEMA AFTER THE BREAK A Dissertation Presented by DIJANA JELACA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2014 Department of Communication © Copyright by Dijana Jelaca 2014 All Rights Reserved THE GENEALOGY OF DISLOCATED MEMORY: YUGOSLAV CINEMA AFTER THE BREAK A Dissertation Presented by DIJANA JELACA Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Leda Cooks, Chair _______________________________________ Anne Ciecko, Member _______________________________________ Lisa Henderson, Member _______________________________________ James Hicks, Member ____________________________________ Erica Scharrer, Department Head Department of Communication TO LOST CHILDHOODS, ACROSS BORDERS, AND TO MY FAMILY, ACROSS OCEANS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation is about a part of the world that I call “home” even though that place no longer physically exists. I belong to that “lost generation” of youth whose childhoods ended abruptly when Yugoslavia went up in flames.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Cinematic Representations of Nationalist-Religious Ideology in Serbian Films during the 1990s Milja Radovic Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh March 2009 THESIS DECLARATION FORM This thesis is being submitted for the degree of PhD, at the University of Edinburgh. I hereby certify that this PhD thesis is my own work and I am responsible for its contents. I confirm that this work has not previously been submitted for any other degree. This thesis is the result of my own independent research, except where stated. Other sources used are properly acknowledged. Milja Radovic March 2009, Edinburgh Abstract of the Thesis This thesis is a critical exploration of Serbian film during the 1990s and its potential to provide a critique of the regime of Slobodan Milosevic.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovar Serb and Kosovar Albanian Master Narratives
    Kosovar Serb and Kosovar Albanian Master Narratives Writing the way to a Historical Truth in the formation of a National Identity Lindsey Bouzan Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................2 Methodology....................................................................................................................................6 Theoretical Framework..................................................................................................................12 Brubaker’s Triadic Nexus..........................................................................................................13 Claiming History as a Narrative ...............................................................................................16 Roland Barthes and the Idea of History as a Mythical Narrative.............................................17 Derrida, Différance and Deconstruction...................................................................................19 Contextual History.........................................................................................................................22 Kosovo under Serbia .............................................................................................................23 Serb-Albanian Relations........................................................................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • Tito, Yugoslavia, and Communism: Historical Revisionism of the Second World War and Its Competing Memories
    Tito, Yugoslavia, and Communism: Historical Revisionism of the Second World War and its Competing Memories A thesis submitted by Damir Vucicevic In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History TUFTS UNIVERSITY May 2017 Advisor: Peter Winn i ABSTRACT The Second World War had a traumatizing effect on Yugoslavia and its people. In addition to being partitioned by Italy, Germany, and other foreign powers, Yugoslavia also experienced a bloody, fratricidal war. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the communist Partisans of Yugoslavia, who were victorious against the Nazi occupying powers, attempted to heal the country’s wounds by preaching brotherhood and unity amongst the different nationalities. However, for some, the period after WWII and before the break up of the country in 1990s, was nothing but an illusive compromise. By the 1990s, competing claims of victimhood resurfaced, fostered by anti-communist, neo-fascist political elites who advocated for Yugoslavia’s disintegration. Since then, history books have been revised, socialist-era narratives have been challenged, and sites of memory relating to Tito and Yugoslavia have been destroyed, all which has resulted in dissonant collective memories. This thesis assesses how memories of WWII contributed to the violence of the 1990s and discusses the role of new ruling elites in creating myths of victimhood in order to justify their own power, as well as armed conflict, ethnic cleansing, and political polarization. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the people who have supported me in my writing journey. First, I would like to thank Professor Peter Winn, who inspired me to write this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Multimedia Library Feature Films: Balkan
    MULTIMEDIA LIBRARY FEATURE FILMS: BALKAN FILMS WITH ENGLISH SUBTITLES.......................................................................................1 Bulgarian…………………………………………………………………………………………1 Romanian…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian……………………………………………………………………..5 Turkish……………………………………………………………………………………………9 FILMS IN ENGLISH…………………………………………………………………………………….11 1 FILMS WITH ENGLISH SUBTITLES BULGARIAN: 14 KISSES1997 98 min. (VHS) Director: Plamen Maslarov Cast: Krystjo Lafazanov, Vasa Gancheva, Aneta Sotirova An old rich aunt offers to make a bet with her nephew, a 35 year old orphaned bachelor. If he succeeds in captivating the hearts of 14 women and the aunt sees with her own eyes the 14 kisses, she will leave him her huge estate. The nephew is forced to accept the aunt's offer and to play the role of "seducer" but this puts him in countless funny awkward situations. AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? 1988 98 min. (DVD x2) Director: Rangel Vulchanov Cast: Albena Stavreva, Ani Vulchanova, Antoaneta Stancheva, Georgi Enchev, Georgi Staykov, Genadi Nikolov, Darina Georgieva, Dimitar Goranov, Elena Arsova, Krasimira Miteva, Konstantin Trendafilov, Iliana Kitanova, Mariana Milanova, Nikolai Urumow, Petar Popyordanov, Todor Elmazov, Tsvetana Mircheva This film is about an imaginary actors exam. In order to choose the best one the exam jury uses even immoral ways of selecting - spying, making conflicts, humiliating the applicants, taking advantage of its power. CANARY SEASON 1988 133 min. (VHS) Director: Eugeny Mihaylov Cast: Plamena Getova, Paraskeva Djukelova, Peter Popyordanov Angry and defiant upon his release from prison, young Malin confronts his mother and forces her to reveal horrors of Bulgaria's "lost generation" (1960-1990) that she had hoped he would never know. Through a series of flashbacks we learn of the repression of the communist regime: rape, prostitution, torture, political murder, and psychiatric asylums.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Serbian Political Culture
    DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 3-2016 The battle of Kosovo, hero cults, and Serbian state formation: an analysis of Serbian political culture Tena Korac Andric DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Andric, Tena Korac, "The battle of Kosovo, hero cults, and Serbian state formation: an analysis of Serbian political culture" (2016). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 205. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/205 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BATTLE OF KOSOVO, HERO CULTS, AND SERBIAN STATE FORMATION: AN ANALYSIS OF SERBIAN POLITICAL CULTURE A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts March 2010 BY Tena Korac Andric Department of International Studies College of Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 1 © 2010 Tena Korac Andric All Rights Reserved 2 "The past is behind, learn from it. The future is ahead, prepare for it. The present is here, live it. Myth, memory, history-these are three alternative ways to capture and account for an elusive past, each with its own persuasive claim." Warren I. Susman 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to my thesis advisers Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • SARAJEVO PARADOX: Survival Throughout History and Life After the Balkan War
    SARAJEVO PARADOX: Survival throughout History and Life after the Balkan War Jasminka Z. Ernst, Branka Vukicevic, Tatjana Jakulj, Wilma Ilich PROLOGUE Sarajevo – Still There In April 1992 Bosnia-Herzegovina declared its independence from former Yugoslavia, triggering the war—already started between Croats and Serbs—to spread into its territory. This conflict subsequently resulted in one of the most brutal wars in Europe. Particularly ravaged was the capital city of Sarajevo, which was under continuous siege by Serb forces for almost three and a half years. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed in the war, more than two million were displaced, thousands of women were raped, and many cities, towns, and villages throughout the country were heavily damaged. The atrocities carried out in the name of “ethnic cleansing” appalled the world. The war officially ended in November 1995, after the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed.1-3 Bosnia-Herzegovina with its capital, Sarajevo, is run now as an international protectorate within its old-historic borders and is divided into two constituent entities: the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, encompassing the Muslim-Croat Federation, and the Serbian Republic (Republika Srpska).4 The war and subsequent division brought about major changes in the ethnic and demographic profile of Sarajevo, with Bosnian Muslims, Bosniaks, making up 78.3% of the population, versus less than 50% before the war. The overall population in the city decreased about 24% (from ~362,000 in 1991 to ~275,000 in 1998). The original city-dwellers comprise only about 30% of the present inhabitants. The population has also become older, with 14.4% children 14 years, 67.9% people 15-64 years, and 17.7% people 65 years.5 There has been a plethora of published literature, either impartial or inclining to one or another ethnic side, describing various aspects of war in the Balkans.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing up in the Socialist Yugoslavia
    ISSN: 2325-3290 (online) The Golden cage: Growing up in the socialist Yugoslavia Ana Marjanovic-Shane Independent Scholar, USA Abstract From the mid 1950s through roughly the 1980s, some or many children and youth of the Socialist Yugoslavia, especially those of us in Belgrade, the capital, lived in a curious, almost surreal “window” in the space and time. This surreal window of space-time, offered to children and youth of Yugoslavia, unprecedented opportunities for personal development, exposure to the classic cultures and the newest events in the cultural worlds from all over the world, freedom of speech, gathering, activism and opportunities to travel and interact with a multitude of people of the world who came to Yugoslavia. Such special window in time and space sounds impossible to believe, all the more, in the light of the subsequent brutal and bloody civil wars of the 90s in which Yugoslavia perished. And yet, for many of us this window in time and space did exist! It was a product, I think, of several paradoxical tensions that may have created unprecedented loopholes in the fabric of an otherwise authoritarian and often brutal regime that had its ugly underside in suppression of any actions and words which would be critical of the ruling regime and its leaders. One could arguably say, that, when I talK about this curious, surreal time, I talK from a point of view that can only belong to the children of the privileged: children of the high officers of the Communist party, of the Belgrade political, intellectual, cultural and economic elite.
    [Show full text]
  • War in the Former Yugoslavia: Ethnic Conflict Or Power Politics?
    War in the Former Yugoslavia: Ethnic Conflict or Power Politics? Author: Gail Harmon Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/587 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2007 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College War in the Former Yugoslavia: Ethnic Conflict or Power Politics? A Senior Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science Under the Direction of Professor Kathleen Bailey By Gail F. Harmon April 2007 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………..………………………………5 Chapter 2: Literature Review……………………………………………………………...13 A Note on Terminology………………………………………………………………13 Modernization Theory and its Opponents……………………………………………15 Primordialism………………………………………………………………………..17 Elite Manipulation…………………………………………………………………...26 Moderates……………………………………………………………………………34 Emotion Theory………………………………………………………………………42 Rational Choice Theory……………………………………………………………...48 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...59 Chapter 3: Background of the Region…………………………………………………….61 The Origin of Ethnic Division in the Balkans………………………………………..61 The Expansion of Nationalism……………………………………………………….68 The Balkan Wars……………………………………………………………………..78 World War I………………………………………………………………………….81 The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes……………………………………86 World War II…………………………………………………………………………93 Tito’s Yugoslavia…………………………………………………………………...108 Slobodan Milosevic’s Rise to Power……………………………………………….132
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Yugoslav Cinema and Politics: Films, Lies and Video Tape
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 6 Issue 2||February. 2017 || PP.65-80 Post-Yugoslav Cinema and Politics: Films, Lies and Video Tape Dr Neven Andjelic Regent's University London Senior Lecturer in International Relations and Human Rights ABSTRACT: The article discusses politics of post-Yugoslav cinema in its extra-cinematic domain. Development of cinematography in post-Yugoslav states has often drawn on common cultural connections. Plurality of identities, cultures and political beliefs were developed during this period. It was also accepted that parts of the post-Yugoslav societies share common cultures and have many similarities in their identities. Thus post-Yugoslav cinema and space are defined in addition to remaining unanswered issues of what national cinema means in the post-Yugoslav cinema. The films produced in this period are classified in three categories: films for national audiences, films for regional, post-Yugoslav audiences and films targeting international audiences. Politics was heavily involved in film making throughout this period. The resulting cinema can be used for the analysis of cultural and identity developments and nation-building processes. Finally, the article proves existence of post-Yugoslav cinema as part of post-Yugoslav culture that is imaginary culture without geopolitical space. I. INTRODUCTION Dramatic geopolitical changes in the Balkans during the 1990s attracted global attention for several reasons. In this work the identities of Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks are studied and analysed through studies of films produced in the newly independent countries. An answer to the question of how these films influenced, if at all, the changes in public identities is being sought.
    [Show full text]