DOCSLIB.ORG

Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales), a New Family Including Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Endothia and Allied Genera

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales), a New Family Including Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Endothia and Allied Genera Mycologia, 98(2), 2006, pp. 239–249. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales), a new family including Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Endothia and allied genera M. Gryzenhout1 E. Barr, which has devastated American chestnut Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, (Castanea dentata Borkh.) populations in North Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute America (Anagnostakis 1987, Heiniger and Rigling (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, 1994), and Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) South Africa Sacc., the causal agent of stem canker of soybeans H. Myburg (Kulik 1984). B.D. Wingfield Members of the Diaporthales are united morpho- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural logically by a Diaporthe-type centrum (Alexopoulos Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, and Mims 1978, Barr 1978). Morphological character- Pretoria, 0002, South Africa istics include perithecia with long necks that are M.J. Wingfield located in pseudostromata with no paraphyses and Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, thick-walled asci that are either evanescent with short Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute stalks or intact (Alexopoulos and Mims 1978, Hawks- (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, worth et al 1995). Features such as the presence or South Africa absence of stromatic tissue, stromatal tissue type, the position of the perithecia and perithecial beaks relative to the substrate, ascospore shape and asco- Abstract: Recent phylogenetic studies on the mem- spore septation have been used to differentiate bers of the Diaporthales have shown that the order families and genera in the Diaporthales (Barr 1978). includes a number of distinct phylogenetic groups. Six families currently are recognized in the These groups represent the Gnomoniaceae, Melan- Diaporthales (Eriksson 2005b). These include the conidaceae, Valsaceae, Diaporthaceae and Togninia- Diaporthaceae Ho¨hn. ex Wehm., Gnomoniaceae G. ceae. New groups representing undescribed families Winter, Melanconidaceae G. Winter, Valsaceae Tul. & also have emerged and they have been referred to as C. Tul., Vialaeaceae P.F. Cannon and Togniniaceae the Schizoparme, Cryphonectria-Endothia and Harknes- Re´blova´, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous. This sia complexes. In this study we define the new family Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) to accommodate classification has largely emerged from recent DNA genera in the Cryphonectria-Endothia complex. These sequence comparisons of Castlebury et al (2002), who genera can be distinguished from those in other compared genera representing the families previously families or undescribed groups of the Diaporthales by recognized in the Diaporthales. The Togniniaceae is the formation of orange stromatic tissue at some stage a new family that was described by Re´blova´etal of their life cycle and a purple reaction in KOH and (2004). The family level status of the Vialaeaceae, a yellow reaction in lactic acid associated with established by Cannon (Cannon 1995), has not been pigments in the stromatic tissue or in culture. confirmed with DNA sequence data (Castlebury et al Key words: Amphilogia, Cryptodiaporthe corni, LSU 2002). sequences, Rostraureum In addition to the described families groups not recognized previously also were noted by Castlebury et al (2002). One of these groups includes species of INTRODUCTION Schizoparme Shear and their Coniella Ho¨hn. and The Diaporthales represents a fungal order incorpo- Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. anamorphs, which have been rating approximately 100 genera (Eriksson 2005a). referred to as members of the Schizoparme complex Genera in this order occur on a wide diversity of plant (Castlebury et al 2002). The second group included substrates as either saprophytes or parasites (Barr species of Cryphonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. and Endothia 1978). The parasites include some of the most Fr.; this was referred to as the Cryphonectria-Endothia economically and ecologically important pathogens complex (Castlebury et al 2002). Species of Harknes- of trees and agricultural crops. Examples of such sia M.C. Cooke and allied genera Dwiroopa C.V. a pathogen are Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. Subramanian & J. Muthumary and Apoharknessia Crous & S. Lee also formed a group within the Accepted for publication 10 Feb 2006. Diaporthales, although not well supported phyloge- 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] netically with the available DNA sequence data 239 240 MYCOLOGIA (Castlebury et al 2002, Lee et al 2004). This group MATERIALS AND METHODS could not be described as a family because the status Isolates studied.—Representative isolates for species of of Wuestneia Auersw. ex Fuckel as the teleomorph of Cryphonectria, Endothia, Chrysoporthe, Amphilogia and this coelomycete genus still must be confirmed (Lee Rostraureum, used in previous studies (Myburg et al et al 2004). In addition to these undescribed 2002, 2003; Venter et al 2002; Gryzenhout et al 2004; complexes of species, several species, such as Green- Myburg et al 2004a, b; Gryzenhout et al 2005a), were eria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Punith., did not included in sequence data analyses (TABLE I). Isolates group in any of the families or undescribed com- (CMW 10779–10781) that represented the undescribed plexes (Castlebury et al 2002). This suggests that genus from S. aromaticum in Indonesia (Myburg et al additional groups might emerge in the Diaporthales 2003) also were included (TABLE I). as more species are described or included in Isolates of some of the species studied by Castlebury et al phylogenetic comparisons. (2002) and Zhang and Blackwell (2001) were included. These isolates included Cryptodiaporthe corni (Wehm.) Petr. Various taxonomic studies considering genus and (AR 2814), and isolates of C. macrospora (Tak. Kobay. & species delimitation for species of Cryphonectria and Kaz. Itoˆ) M.E. Barr (AR 3444) and C. nitschkei (G.H. Otth) Endothia have been conducted recently (Venter et al M.E. Barr (AR 3433) from Siberia, Russia. These were kindly 2002; Gryzenhout et al 2004, 2005a, b; Myburg et al provided for additional analyses by Drs A.Y. Rossman and 2004a). These studies have included the recognition L.A. Castlebury (Systematic Botany and Mycology Labora- of at least four new genera containing species tory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland). Cryptodiaporthe corni previously placed in Cryphonectria. Of these Chryso- was of interest because it grouped separately from other porthe Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. was described to Cryptodiaporthe Petr. species in the Gnomoniaceae clade, accommodate the important stem canker pathogen including the type species Cryptodiaporthe aesculi (Fuckel) Cryphonectria cubensis (Bruner) Hodges and two Petr. (Castlebury et al 2002). The isolate referred to as E. eugeniae (Nutman & F.M. additional species, Chrysoporthe austroafricana Gry- Roberts) J. Reid & C. Booth (CBS 534.82), sequenced by zenh. & M.J. Wingf. and the anamorph species Zhang and Blackwell (2001) and used by Castlebury et al Chrysoporthella hodgesiana Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf. (2002), was acquired from the Centraalbureau voor (Gryzenhout et al 2004). Rostraureum Gryzenh. & M.J. Schimmelcultures (CBS), Utrecht, Netherlands. It was Wingf. was described to include the fungus previously necessary to include this isolate because it did not group known as Cryphonectria longirostris (Earle) Micales & with the isolate of Chr. cubensis, even though it represents Stipes and also includes Rostraureum tropicale Gry- a previous synonym of C. cubensis (Hodges et al 1986, zenh. & M.J. Wingf., a pathogen of Terminalia Micales et al 1987, Myburg et al 2003). The isolate of C. ivorensis A. Chev. trees in Ecuador (Gryzenhout et havanensis (Bruner) M.E. Barr (CBS 505.63) used in the al 2005a). Another genus, represented by isolates study of Castlebury et al (2002) has been shown (as E40 or from Elaeocarpus spp. in New Zealand and including CMW 10453) to represent Chr. cubensis (Hodges et al 1986, Micales et al 1987, Myburg et al 2004a). Cryphonectria gyrosa (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., was Isolates in this study (TABLE I) are maintained in the identified in a study by Myburg et al (2004a) and culture collection (CMW) of the Forestry and Agricultural subsequently was described as Amphilogia Gryzenh. & Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, M.J. Wingf. (Gryzenhout et al 2005b). A genus closely Pretoria, South Africa. A representative subset of these related to Cryphonectria and Endothia and represent- isolates not in other internationally recognized culture ing isolates from Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Murr. & collections is stored in the culture collection of the Perry (clove) in Indonesia, was recognized in a study Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcutures, Utrecht, Nether- by Myburg et al (2003). This genus was not assigned lands (TABLE I). Background information pertaining to a name because insufficient herbarium material, other isolates included in the phylogenetic analyses can be linked to isolates, is available. found in the studies of Zhang and Blackwell (2001) and Castlebury et al (2002). A collection of isolates representing species of Cryphonectria and Endothia, as well as those of the PCR amplification and sequencing.—Isolates were grown newly described genera, has provided the opportunity in malt extract broth (20 g/L Biolab malt extract). DNA to substantially expand the LSU DNA sequence was extracted from the mycelium following
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
    CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present.
    [Show full text]
  • Cryphonectria Parasitica Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cryphonectria parasitica Cryphonectria parasitica System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Fungi Ascomycota Sordariomycetes Diaporthales Valsaceae Common name Edelkastanienkrebs (German), chestnut blight (English) Synonym Endothia parasitica Similar species Cryphonectria radicalis, Endothia gyrosa Summary Cryphonectria parasitica is a fungus that attacks primarily Castanea spp. but also has been known to cause damage to various Quercus spp. along with other species of hardwood trees. American chestnut, C. dentata, was a dominant overstorey species in United States forests, but now they have been completely replaced within the ecosystem. C. dentata still exists in the forests but only within the understorey as sprout shoots from the root system of chestnuts killed by the blight years ago. A virus that attacks this fungus appears to be the best hope for the future of Castanea spp., and current research is focused primarily on this virus and variants of it for biological control. Chestnut blight only infects the above-ground parts of trees, causing cankers that enlarge, girdle and kill branches and trunks. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Cryphonectria Pag. 1 parasitica. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=124 [Accessed 05 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cryphonectria parasitica Species Description The US Forest Service (undated) states that, \"C. parasitica forms yellowish or orange fruiting bodies (pycnidia) about the size of a pin head on the older portion of cankers. Spores may exude from the pycnidia as orange, curled horns during moist weather. Stem cankers are either swollen or sunken, and the sunken type may be grown over with bark.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Stilbosporaceae</I>
    Persoonia 33, 2014: 61–82 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X684212 Stilbosporaceae resurrected: generic reclassification and speciation H. Voglmayr1, W.M. Jaklitsch1 Key words Abstract Following the abolishment of dual nomenclature, Stilbospora is recognised as having priority over Prosthecium. The type species of Stilbospora, S. macrosperma, is the correct name for P. ellipsosporum, the type Alnecium species of Prosthecium. The closely related genus Stegonsporium is maintained as distinct from Stilbospora based Calospora on molecular phylogeny, morphology and host range. Stilbospora longicornuta and S. orientalis are described as Calosporella new species from Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis, respectively. They differ from the closely related Stilbospora ITS macrosperma, which also occurs on Carpinus, by longer, tapering gelatinous ascospore appendages and by dis- LSU tinct LSU, ITS rDNA, rpb2 and tef1 sequences. The asexual morphs of Stilbospora macrosperma, S. longicornuta molecular phylogeny and S. orientalis are morphologically indistinguishable; the connection to their sexual morphs is demonstrated by Phaeodiaporthe morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. Both morphs rpb2 of the three Stilbospora species on Carpinus are described and illustrated. Other species previously recognised in systematics Prosthecium, specifically P. acerophilum, P. galeatum and P. opalus, are determined to belong to and are formally tef1 transferred to Stegonsporium. Isolates previously recognised as Stegonsporium pyriforme (syn. Prosthecium pyri­ forme) are determined to consist of three phylogenetically distinct lineages by rpb2 and tef1 sequence data, two of which are described as new species (S. protopyriforme, S. pseudopyriforme). Stegonsporium pyriforme is lectotypified and this species and Stilbospora macrosperma are epitypified.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Cryphonectriaceae from La Réunion and South Africa, and Their Pathogenicity on Eucalyptus
    Mycological Progress (2018) 17:953–966 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1408-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Novel Cryphonectriaceae from La Réunion and South Africa, and their pathogenicity on Eucalyptus Daniel B. Ali1 & Seonju Marincowitz1 & Michael J. Wingfield1 & Jolanda Roux2 & Pedro W. Crous 1 & Alistair R. McTaggart1 Received: 13 February 2018 /Revised: 18 May 2018 /Accepted: 21 May 2018 /Published online: 7 June 2018 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Fungi in the Cryphonectriaceae are important canker pathogens of plants in the Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae (Myrtales). These fungi are known to undergo host jumps or shifts. In this study, fruiting structures resembling those of Cryphonectriaceae were collected and isolated from dying branches of Syzygium cordatum and root collars of Heteropyxis natalensis in South Africa, and from cankers on the bark of Tibouchina grandifolia in La Réunion. A phylogenetic species concept was used to identify the fungi using partial sequences of the large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, and two regions of the β-tubulin gene. The results revealed a new genus and species in the Cryphonectriaceae from South Africa that is provided with the name Myrtonectria myrtacearum gen. et sp. nov. Two new species of Celoporthe (Cel.) were recognised from La Réunion and these are described as Cel. borbonica sp.nov.andCel. tibouchinae sp. nov. The new taxa were mildly pathogenic in pathogenicity tests on a clone of Eucalyptus grandis. Similar to other related taxa in the Cryphonectriaceae, they appear to be endophytes and latent pathogens that could threaten Eucalyptus forestry in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • 1E5o Lichtarge Lab 2006
    Pages 1–7 1e5o Evolutionary trace report by report maker September 20, 2008 4.3.1 Alistat 6 4.3.2 CE 7 4.3.3 DSSP 7 4.3.4 HSSP 7 4.3.5 LaTex 7 4.3.6 Muscle 7 4.3.7 Pymol 7 4.4 Note about ET Viewer 7 4.5 Citing this work 7 4.6 About report maker 7 4.7 Attachments 7 1 INTRODUCTION From the original Protein Data Bank entry (PDB id 1e5o): Title: Endothiapepsin complex with inhibitor db2 Compound: Mol id: 1; molecule: endothiapepsin; chain: e; frag- ment: residue 90-419; ec: 3.4.23.23; mol id: 2; molecule: endothia- pepsin inhibitor; chain: i Organism, scientific name: Endothia Parasitica; 1e5o contains a single unique chain 1e5oE (330 residues long). Chain 1e5oI is too short (4 residues) to permit statistically significant CONTENTS analysis, and was treated as a peptide ligand. 1 Introduction 1 2 CHAIN 1E5OE 2.1 P11838 overview 2 Chain 1e5oE 1 2.1 P11838 overview 1 From SwissProt, id P11838, 90% identical to 1e5oE: 2.2 Multiple sequence alignment for 1e5oE 1 Description: Endothiapepsin precursor (EC 3.4.23.22) (Aspartate 2.3 Residue ranking in 1e5oE 1 protease). 2.4 Top ranking residues in 1e5oE and their position on Organism, scientific name: Cryphonectria parasitica (Chesnut the structure 2 blight fungus) (Endothia parasitica). 2.4.1 Clustering of residues at 25% coverage. 2 Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Fungi; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at Sordariomycetes; Sordariomycetidae; Diaporthales; Valsaceae; 25% coverage. 3 Cryphonectria-Endothia complex; Cryphonectria.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota)
    Phytotaxa 305 (3): 191–200 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.6 Melansporellaceae: a novel family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota) ZHUO DU1, KEVIN D. HYDE2, QIN YANG1, YING-MEI LIANG3 & CHENG-MING TIAN1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China 2International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bail- ongsi, Kunming 650224, PR China 3Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China *Correspondence author email: [email protected] Abstract Melansporellaceae fam. nov. is introduced to accommodate a genus of diaporthalean fungi that is a phytopathogen caus- ing walnut canker disease in China. The family is typified by Melansporella gen. nov. It can be distinguished from other diaporthalean families based on its irregularly uniseriate ascospores, and ovoid, brown conidia with a hyaline sheath and surface structures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Melansporella juglandium sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group within Diaporthales (MP/ML/BI=100/96/1) and is a new diaporthalean clade, based on molecular data of ITS and LSU gene re- gions. Thus, a new family is proposed to accommodate this taxon. Key words: diaporthalean fungi, fungal diversity, new taxon, Sordariomycetes, systematics, taxonomy Introduction The ascomycetous order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) are well-known fungal plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, with wide distributions and broad host ranges (Castlebury et al. 2002, Rossman et al. 2007, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • In China: Phylogeny, Host Range, and Pathogenicity
    Persoonia 45, 2020: 101–131 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.04 Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity W. Wang1,2, G.Q. Li1, Q.L. Liu1, S.F. Chen1,2 Key words Abstract Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem Eucalyptus and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with fungal pathogen typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches host jump of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of Myrtaceae DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer new taxa (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, plantation forestry and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guang­ dongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel <I>Phaeoacremonium</I>
    Persoonia 20, 2008: 87–102 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158508X324227 Novel Phaeoacremonium species associated with necrotic wood of Prunus trees U. Damm1,2, L. Mostert1, P.W. Crous1,2, P.H. Fourie1,3 Key words Abstract The genus Phaeoacremonium is associated with opportunistic human infections, as well as stunted growth and die-back of various woody hosts, especially grapevines. In this study, Phaeoacremonium species were Diaporthales isolated from necrotic woody tissue of Prunus spp. (plum, peach, nectarine and apricot) from different stone fruit molecular systematics growing areas in South Africa. Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data (5.8S pathogenicity rDNA, ITS1, ITS2, -tubulin, actin and 18S rDNA) were used to identify known, and describe novel species. From Togninia β the total number of wood samples collected (257), 42 Phaeoacremonium isolates were obtained, from which 14 Togniniaceae species were identified. Phaeoacremonium scolyti was most frequently isolated, and present on all Prunus species sampled, followed by Togninia minima (anamorph: Pm. aleophilum) and Pm. australiense. Almost all taxa isolated represent new records on Prunus. Furthermore, Pm. australiense, Pm. iranianum, T. fraxinopennsylvanica and Pm. griseorubrum represent new records for South Africa, while Pm. griseorubrum, hitherto only known from humans, is newly reported from a plant host. Five species are newly described, two of which produce a Togninia sexual state. Togninia africana, T. griseo-olivacea and Pm. pallidum are newly described from Prunus armeniaca, while Pm. prunicolum and Pm. fuscum are described from Prunus salicina. Article info Received: 9 May 2008; Accepted: 20 May 2008; Published: 24 May 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Responding to An
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENT PLANT PEST-PATHOGEN COMPLEX ACROSS SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SCALES A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES with an emphasis in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Shannon Colleen Lynch December 2020 The Dissertation of Shannon Colleen Lynch is approved: Professor Gregory S. Gilbert, chair Professor Stacy M. Philpott Professor Andrew Szasz Professor Ingrid M. Parker Quentin Williams Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Shannon Colleen Lynch 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables iv List of Figures vii Abstract x Dedication xiii Acknowledgements xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 References 10 Chapter 2 – Host Evolutionary Relationships Explain 12 Tree Mortality Caused by a Generalist Pest– Pathogen Complex References 38 Chapter 3 – Microbiome Variation Across a 66 Phylogeographic Range of Tree Hosts Affected by an Emergent Pest–Pathogen Complex References 110 Chapter 4 – On Collaborative Governance: Building Consensus on 180 Priorities to Manage Invasive Species Through Collective Action References 243 iii LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table I Insect vectors and corresponding fungal pathogens causing 47 Fusarium dieback on tree hosts in California, Israel, and South Africa. Table II Phylogenetic signal for each host type measured by D statistic. 48 Table SI Native range and infested distribution of tree and shrub FD- 49 ISHB host species. Chapter 3 Table I Study site attributes. 124 Table II Mean and median richness of microbiota in wood samples 128 collected from FD-ISHB host trees. Table III Fungal endophyte-Fusarium in vitro interaction outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Beltrania-Like Taxa from Thailand
    Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2017, 38 (3): 301-319 © 2017 Adac. Tous droits réservés Beltrania-like taxa from Thailand Chuan-Gen LIN a, d,Kevin D. HYDE a, d, Saisamorn LUMYONG b &Eric H. C. MCKENZIE c* aCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand bDepartment of Biology,Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand cLandcareResearch Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand dSchool of Science, Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Abstract – Four Beltrania-like taxa, viz., Beltrania rhombica, Beltraniella fertilis, Beltraniopsis longiconidiophora sp. nov. and Hemibeltrania cinnamomi were identified during asurvey of hyphomycetes in Thailand. Each species is provided with adescription and amolecular analysis. The new species is introduced based on morphological and molecular differences and compared with similar taxa. Beltraniella fertilis and H. cinnamomi are new records for Thailand. Beltrania-complex /Beltraniaceae /Phylogeny /Taxonomy /Xylariomycetidae InTroducTIon The family Beltraniaceae Nann. was introduced by Nannizzi in 1934 to accommodate the genus Beltrania Penz. and some similar genera, and the tribe Beltranieae was treated as asynonym of this family (Pirozynski, 1963). Presently, eight genera, viz., Beltrania, Beltraniella Subram., Beltraniopsis Bat. &J.L. Bezerra, Hemibeltrania Piroz., Parapleurotheciopsis P.M. Kirk, Porobeltraniella Gusmão, Pseudobeltrania Henn. and Subramaniomyces Varghese &V.G. Rao, are accepted in the family (Crous et al.,2015b; Maharachchikumbura et al.,2015, 2016; Rajeshkumar et al.,2016a). The conidia of these genera are very distinctive, often being biconic, with or without ahyaline equatorial, subequatorial or supraequatorial band, and with or without swollen separating cells. The unbranched or branched conidiophores and/or setae arise from radially lobed basal cells (Ellis, 1971, 1976; Seifert et al.,2011).
    [Show full text]
  • A Five-Gene Phylogeny of Pezizomycotina
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 1018–1028. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina Joseph W. Spatafora1 Burkhard Bu¨del Gi-Ho Sung Alexandra Rauhut Desiree Johnson Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Cedar Hesse Kaiserslautern, Germany Benjamin O’Rourke David Hewitt Maryna Serdani Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Robert Spotts Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Wendy A. Untereiner Department of Botany, Brandon University, Brandon, Franc¸ois Lutzoni Manitoba, Canada Vale´rie Hofstetter Jolanta Miadlikowska Mariette S. Cole Vale´rie Reeb 2017 Thure Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55116 Ce´cile Gueidan Christoph Scheidegger Emily Fraker Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Research, WSL Zu¨ rcherstr. 111CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Switzerland Thorsten Lumbsch Matthias Schultz Robert Lu¨cking Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten der Imke Schmitt Universita¨t Hamburg, Systematik der Pflanzen Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany Kentaro Hosaka Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural Harrie Sipman History, Chicago, Illinois 60605 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin- Dahlem, Freie Universita¨t Berlin, Ko¨nigin-Luise-Straße Andre´ Aptroot 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany ABL Herbarium, G.V.D. Veenstraat 107, NL-3762 XK Soest, The Netherlands Conrad L. Schoch Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon Claude Roux State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Chemin des Vignes vieilles, FR - 84120 MIRABEAU, France Andrew N. Miller Abstract: Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, Ascomycota and includes the vast majority of filamen- Champaign, Illinois 61820 tous, ascoma-producing species.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Phylogeny of Sordariomycetes Based on Phylogenetic and Molecular Clock Evidence
    Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2 An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence 1,2 3 1,2 Sinang Hongsanan • Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura • Kevin D. Hyde • 2 4 1 3 Milan C. Samarakoon • Rajesh Jeewon • Qi Zhao • Abdullah M. Al-Sadi • Ali H. Bahkali5 Received: 30 April 2017 / Accepted: 17 May 2017 Ó School of Science 2017 Abstract The previous phylogenies of Sordariomycetes by divergence period (i.e. 200–300 MYA) can be used as M.E. Barr, O.E. Eriksson and D.L. Hawksworth, and T. criteria to judge when a group of related taxa evolved and Lumbsch and S. Huhndorf, were mainly based on mor- what rank they should be given. In this paper, we provide phology and thus were somewhat subjective. Later outlines an updated classification of accepted subclasses, orders of by T. Lumbsch and S. Huhndorf, and Maharachchikum- Sordariomycetes and use divergence times to provide bura and co-authors, took into account phylogenetic evi- additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa in the class. dence. However, even these phylogenetic driven We point out and discuss discrepancies where the phylo- arrangements for Sordariomycetes, were somewhat sub- genetic tree conflicts with the molecular clock. jective, as the arrangements in trees depended on many variables, such as number of taxa, different gene regions Keywords Class Á Classification Á Divergence times Á and methods used in the analyses. What is needed is extra Phylogenetics Á Ranking evidence to help standardize ranking in the fungi. Esti- mation of divergence times using molecular clock methods Introduction has been proposed for providing additional rational for higher ranking of taxa.
    [Show full text]