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Systemic Constraints on POTUS Foreign Policy
Pittsburg State University Pittsburg State University Digital Commons Electronic Thesis Collection Spring 6-10-2020 Systemic Constraints on POTUS Foreign Policy Dan Hodges Pittsburg State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/etd Part of the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Hodges, Dan, "Systemic Constraints on POTUS Foreign Policy" (2020). Electronic Thesis Collection. 359. https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/etd/359 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Pittsburg State University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Pittsburg State University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINTS ON POTUS FOREIGN POLICY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of History Daniel Clayton Hodges Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, Kansas June 2020 SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINTS ON POTUS FOREIGN POLICY Daniel Clayton Hodges APPROVED: Thesis Advisor __________________________________________________ Dr. John Daley, The department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Committee Member _______________________________________________ Dr. Mark Peterson, The department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Committee Member _______________________________________________ Dr. Kelly Woestman, The department of History, Philosophy, Social Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Dr. Mark Peterson and Dr. Kelly Woestman for their understanding and willingness to assist me with this project. I am grateful for your service as my committee members. I extend the most gratitude to Dr. John Daley for his wisdom, counsel, friendship, and, most of all, his patience. If the final measure of our worth within our professions is patience, then Dr. -
Korean War Module Day 01
KOREAN WAR MODULE DAY 01 MODULE OVERVIEW HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS: CONTENT: Developments and Processes People and states around the world 1.B Explain a historical concept, development, or challenged the existing political and social process. order in varying ways, leading to Claims and Evidence in Sources unprecedented worldwide conflicts. 3.B Identify the evidence used in a source to support an argument. 3.C Compare the arguments or main ideas of two sources. 3.D Explain how claims or evidence support, modify, or refute a source’s argument Argumentation 6.D Corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument using diverse and alternative evidence in order to develop a complex argument. This argument might: o Explain the nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables. o Explain relevant and insightful connections within and across periods. D WAS THE KOREAN WAR A PRODUCT OF DECOLONIZATION OR THE COLD WAR? A Y CLASS ACTIVITY: Structured Academic Controversy 1 Students will engage in a Structured Academic Controversy (SAC) to develop historical thinking skills in argumentation by making historically defensible claims supported by specific and relevant evidence. AP ALIGNED ASSESSMENT: Thesis Statement Students will analyze primary and secondary sources to construct arguments with multiple claims and will focus on creating a complex thesis statement that evaluates the extent to which the Korean War was a product of decolonization and the Cold War. D EVALUATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE POST- A WAR PERIOD WERE CAUSED BY DECOLONIZATION OR THE COLD WAR? Y CLASS ACTIVITY: Gallery Walk 2 Students will analyze multiple primary and secondary sources in a gallery walk activity. -
![September 30, 1949 Letter, Syngman Rhee to Dr. Robert T. Oliver [Soviet Translation]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/6467/september-30-1949-letter-syngman-rhee-to-dr-robert-t-oliver-soviet-translation-696467.webp)
September 30, 1949 Letter, Syngman Rhee to Dr. Robert T. Oliver [Soviet Translation]
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified September 30, 1949 Letter, Syngman Rhee to Dr. Robert T. Oliver [Soviet Translation] Citation: “Letter, Syngman Rhee to Dr. Robert T. Oliver [Soviet Translation],” September 30, 1949, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, CWIHP Archive. Translated by Gary Goldberg. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/119385 Summary: Letter from Syngman Rhee translated into Russian. The original was likely found when the Communists seized Seoul. Syngman Rhee urges Oliver to come to South Korea to help develop the nation independent of foreign invaders and restore order to his country. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation Scan of Original Document continuation of CABLE Nº 600081/sh “30 September 1949 to: DR. ROBERT T. OLIVER from: PRESIDENT SYNGMAN RHEE I have received your letters and thank you for them. I do not intend to qualify Mr. KROCK [sic] as a lobbyist or anything of that sort. Please, in strict confidence get in contact with Mr. K. [SIC] and with Mr. MEADE [sic] and find out everything that is necessary. If you think it would be inadvisable to use Mr. K with respect to what Mr. K told you, we can leave this matter without consequences. In my last letter I asked you to inquire more about K. in the National Press Club. We simply cannot use someone who does not have a good business reputation. Please be very careful in this matter. There is some criticism about the work which we are doing. -
Waging Peace: an Eisenhower Exhibit for the Classroom
NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS LESSON Waging Peace: An Eisenhower Exhibit for the Classroom Duration One 45-minute period Grades 7–12 Cross-curriculum Application U.S. History, World History NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL LESSON: WAGING PEACE | 1 EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS Historical Background Dwight Eisenhower believed that the post-World War II world had an opportunity to enjoy an era of peace and prosperity following the ravages of depression and world war. However, just a few months after his election as president in 1952, he faced the complications of a rapidly chang- ing world. The long-time leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, died, and no one knew who the next leader would be or whether their attitude toward the United States might be less cooper- ative. The United States had developed a new and vastly more destructive weapon, the hydrogen bomb, in November 1952, and the Soviet Union would also develop its own hydrogen bomb the following year. Within the context of these events, President Eisenhower outlined his views on the role of the United States in the world in a speech entitled “A Chance for Peace.” In it, Eisenhower stressed that Americans and other free nations had chosen one road and the Soviet Union had chosen another. As a result, fear and mistrust created the need for arms, armies, and nuclear weapons when all of the money spent for these items could be used to give the neediest people of the world necessities such as food, housing, and health care. Eisenhower believed that “all people want peace” (as he stated in a speech at a People to People Conference) and that the average person could make a real difference toward ensuring world peace. -
The Merchants of Death
THE MERCHANTS OF DEATH The Military-Industrial Complex and the Influence on Democracy Name: Miriam Collaris Student number: 387332 Erasmus University Rotterdam Master thesis: Global History & International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Wubs Date: June 12th, 2016 Merchants of Death Miriam Collaris Erasmus University Rotterdam June 12, 2016 PREFACE This is a thesis about the Military-industrial Complex in the United States of America, a subject, which has been widely discussed in the 1960s, but has moved to the background lately. I got inspired by this subject through an internship I have done in Paris in 2012. Here I was working for an event agency that organized business conventions for the defense and security sector, and in particular the aerospace industry. This was the first time I got in touch with this defense industry and this was the first moment that I realized how much money is involved in this sector. Warfare turned out to be real business. At the conventions enormous stands emerged with the most advanced combat vehicles and weaponry. These events were focused on matchmaking between various players in this sector. Hence, commercial deals were made between government agencies and the industry, which was very normal and nobody questioned this. When I read about this Military-industrial Complex, years later, I started to think about these commercial deals between government and industry and the profits that were gained. The realization that war is associated with profits, interested me in such a way that I decided to write my master -
Killing Hope U.S
Killing Hope U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II – Part I William Blum Zed Books London Killing Hope was first published outside of North America by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK in 2003. Second impression, 2004 Printed by Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India w w w.zedbooks .demon .co .uk Published in South Africa by Spearhead, a division of New Africa Books, PO Box 23408, Claremont 7735 This is a wholly revised, extended and updated edition of a book originally published under the title The CIA: A Forgotten History (Zed Books, 1986) Copyright © William Blum 2003 The right of William Blum to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cover design by Andrew Corbett ISBN 1 84277 368 2 hb ISBN 1 84277 369 0 pb Spearhead ISBN 0 86486 560 0 pb 2 Contents PART I Introduction 6 1. China 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid? 20 2. Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style 27 3. Greece 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state 33 4. The Philippines 1940s and 1950s: America's oldest colony 38 5. Korea 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be? 44 6. Albania 1949-1953: The proper English spy 54 7. Eastern Europe 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor 56 8. Germany 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism 60 9. Iran 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings 63 10. -
Eisenhower's Dilemma
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Eisenhower’s Dilemma How to Talk about Nuclear Weapons Paul Gregory Leahy 3/30/2009 Leahy 2 For Christopher & Michael, My Brothers Leahy 3 Table of Contents Introduction….6 Chapter 1: The General, 1945-1953….17 Chapter 2: The First Term, 1953-1957….43 Chapter 3: The Second Term, 1957-1961….103 Conclusion….137 Bibliography….144 Leahy 4 Acknowledgements I would to begin by taking a moment to thanks those individuals without whom this study would not be possible. Foremost among these individuals, I would like to thank Professor Jonathan Marwil, who had advised me throughout the writing of this thesis. Over countless hours he persistently pushed me to do better, work harder, and above all to write more consciously. His expert tutelage remains inestimable to me. I am gratified and humbled to have worked with him for these many months. I appreciate his patience and hope to have created something worth his efforts, as well as my own. I would like to thank the Department of History and the Honors Program for both enabling me to pursue my passion for history through their generous financial support, without which I could never have traveled to Abilene, Kansas. I would like to thank Kathy Evaldson for ensuring that the History Honors Thesis Program and the Department run smoothly. I also never could have joined the program were it not for Professor Kathleen Canning’s recommendation. She has my continued thanks. I would like to recognize and thank Professor Hussein Fancy for his contributions to my education. Similarly, I would like to recognize Professors Damon Salesa, Douglass Northrop, and Brian Porter-Szucs, who have all contributed to my education in meaningful and important ways. -
Truth and Reconciliation Activities of the Past Three Years
Truth and Reconciliation Activities of the Past Three Years CONTENTS President's Greeting I. Historical Background of Korea's Past Settlement II. Introduction to the Commission 1. Outline: Objective of the Commission 2. Organization and Budget 3. Introduction to Commissioners and Staff 4. Composition and Operation III. Procedure for Investigation 1. Procedure of Petition and Method of Application 2. Investigation and Determination of Truth-Finding 3. Present Status of Investigation 4. Measures for Recommendation and Reconciliation IV. Extra-Investigation Activities 1. Exhumation Work 2. Complementary Activities of Investigation V. Analysis of Verified Cases 1. National Independence and the History of Overseas Koreans 2. Massacres by Groups which Opposed the Legitimacy of the Republic of Korea 3. Massacres 4. Human Rights Abuses VI. MaJor Achievements and Further Agendas 1. Major Achievements 2. Further Agendas Appendices 1. Outline and Full Text of the Framework Act Clearing up Past Incidents 2. Frequently Asked Questions about the Commission 3. Primary Media Coverage on the Commission's Activities 4. Web Sites of Other Truth Commissions: Home and Abroad President's Greeting In entering the third year of operation, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Korea (the Commission) is proud to present the "Activities of the Past Three Years" and is thankful for all of the continued support. The Commission, launched in December 2005, has strived to reveal the truth behind massacres during the Korean War, human rights abuses during the authoritarian rule, the anti-Japanese independence movement, and the history of overseas Koreans. It is not an easy task to seek the truth in past cases where the facts have been hidden and distorted for decades. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Abilene, Kansas
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS LILLY, EDWARD P.: Papers, 1928-1992 Accession: 01-10 and 02-15 Processed by: DJH Date Completed: November 2005 The Papers of Edward P. Lilly were deposited in the Eisenhower Library by his son Frank Lilly in two shipments in 2001 and 2002. The Library staff returned a small quantity of personal material to Mr. Frank Lilly at his request. Linear Feet: 24 Approximate Number of Pages: 46,100 Approximate Number of Items: 35,000 Mr. Frank Lilly signed an instrument of gift for the Papers of Edward P. Lilly on October 7, 1982. Literary rights in the unpublished writings of Edward P. Lilly in this collection and in any other collections of papers received by the United States government are given to the public. Under terms of the instrument of gift, the following classes of items are withheld from research use: 1. Papers and other historical materials the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy of a living person. 2. Papers and other historical materials that are specifically authorized under criteria established by statute or executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy, and are in fact properly classified pursuant to such statute or executive order. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Edward P. Lilly was born October 13, 1910 in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Joseph T. and Jennie Lilly. After graduating from Brooklyn Preparatory School in1928, Lilly attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts where he received a Bachelor’s of Arts degree with a major in philosophy and a minor in history. -
The Persuasive Voice: Communication As a Resolution to the Cold War
Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 2007 Volume I: American Voices: Listening to Fiction, Poetry, and Prose The Persuasive Voice: Communication as a Resolution to the Cold War Curriculum Unit 07.01.08 by Matthew Cacopardo On March 19th 2003 President George W. Bush addressed the nation, "My fellow citizens, at this hour, American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave danger." (Bush). That evening American forces began dropping bombs on the ancient city of Bagdad without the sanction of the United Nations Securtiy Council. It was broadcast to our nation and the world. School aged children watched and learned that our nation had begun a war with a country that posed a threat to our security. What did these children learn from this message? Behavioral psychologists suggest that children learn from modeling adults (Papalia et al.). Are we then teaching them to use force when conflict arises? How am I supposed to encourage a peaceful solution to a disagreement between two enraged students when our government resolves its conflicts through military force? By dropping bombs on our enemies a message is being sent to our youth: use force to solve a problem. This idea needs to be changed, but how? I value my position as an educator not for my responsibility to instruct youth in academics but for my role in promoting social responsibility and understanding of diversity. We as teachers have an uphill battle as we try to change this destructive character of our students and community. -
DOWNLOAD United Korea and the Future of Inter-Korean Politics
A publication of the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim Copyright 2006 Volume VI · Number 2 15 September · 2006 Editors Joaquin Gonzalez Special Issue: Research from the USF Master of Arts in Asia Pacific Studies Program John Nelson Editorial Consultants Editor’s Introduction Barbara K. Bundy >>.....................................................................John Nelson 1 Hartmut Fischer Patrick L. Hatcher Richard J. Kozicki Protectionist Capitalists vs. Capitalist Communists: CNOOC’s Failed Unocal Bid In Stephen Uhalley, Jr. Perspective Xiaoxin Wu >>.......................................................... Francis Schortgen 2 Editorial Board Yoko Arisaka Bih-hsya Hsieh Economic Reform in Vietnam: Challenges, Successes, and Suggestions for the Future Uldis Kruze >>.....................................................................Susan Parini 11 Man-lui Lau Mark Mir Noriko Nagata United Korea and the Future of Inter-Korean Politics: a Work Already in Progress Stephen Roddy >>.......................................................Brad D. Washington 20 Kyoko Suda Bruce Wydick A Hard or Soft Landing for Chinese Society? Social Change and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games >>.....................................................Charles S. Costello III 25 Dashing Out and Rushing Back: The Role of Chinese Students Overseas in Fostering Social Change in China >>...........................................................Dannie LI Yanhua 34 Hip Hop and Identity Politics in Japanese Popular Culture >>.......................................................Cary -
The White House Correspondence and Memoranda Series
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of The Papers of John Foster Dulles and of Christian A. Herter, 1953-1961 THE WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENCE AND MEMORANDA SERIES UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA The Presidential Documents Series The Papers of John Foster Dulles and of Christian A. Herter, 1953-1961 THE WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENCE AND MEMORANDA SERIES Microfilmed from the holdings of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester A microfilm project of University Publications of America, Inc. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, Maryland 21701 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dulles, John Foster, 1888-1959. The papers of John Foster Dulles and of Christian A. Herter, 1953-1961 [microform]. (The White House correspondence and memoranda series) (The Presidential documents series) "Microfilmed from the holdings of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library." Includes index. 1. United States-Foreign relations-1953-1961-- Sources. 2. Dulles, John Foster, 1888-1959--Archives. 3. Herter, Christian Archibald, 1895-1966-Archives. I. Herter, Christian Archibald, 1895-1966. II. Lester, Robert. III. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. IV. Title. V. Series. VI. Series: Presidential documents series. [E835] 327.73 87-13343 ISBN 0-89093-891-1 Copyright © 1986 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093-891-1. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronym List v Scope and Content Note vii Reel Index Reels 1 -4 John Foster Dulles: White House Memoranda Series Chronological Subseries 1 Reel 5 John Foster Dulles: White House Memoranda Series cont. Chronological Subseries cont 14 General Foreign Policy Subseries 15 Intelligence Subseries 16 Internal Security Subseries 16 John Foster Dulles: Draft Presidential Correspondence and Speeches Series 17 Reels 6-7 John Foster Dulles: Draft Presidential Correspondence and Speeches Series cont 17 Reel 8 John Foster Dulles: Draft Presidential Correspondence and Speeches Series cont 23 Christian A.