Breakthrough Strategies: Motivation Principles Vol

JUNE 2013 BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGIES: MOTIVATION PRINCIPLES VOL. 82 NO. 6 | www.ohsonline.com

SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW: Vegas App-eal 233

EMPLOYEE GIFTS & INCENTIVES SECTION: Enhancing Your Safety Culture 3535

DEFIBRILLATORS & CPR: Keys to Boosting CPR Quality 47

ELECTRICAL SAFETY: Applying Personal Protective Grounds 5544

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Untitled-1 1 3/4/13 10:43 AM FROM THE EDITOR What’s Next

orrying what North Korea’s operating model and grown its market young leader really has in share amid rapidly changing consumer www.ohsonline.com mind, as I expect many of you preferences around the world that challenge W VOLUME 82 NUMBER 6 are, I instead want to begin this the world’s second-largest food and bever- month’s column with a question: What have age company, which had 278,000 full- and EDITORIAL STAFF you and your enterprise done to prepare for part-time employees at the year’s end. “In EDITOR Jerry Laws the new world? emerging and developing mar- PRINT MANAGING EDITOR Rebecca Overton I’ll mention two examples. kets, the growth of organized E-NEWS EDITOR Brent Dirks ASSE — I hope to see many of modern trade is beginning CONTENT DEVELOPMENT TEAM Cindy Horbrook you during this month’s confer- to slowly replace traditional Jessica Acklen ence in Las Vegas, by the way — mom and pop stores, and in Lindsay Page is not the association you once developed markets, new dis- ART STAFF knew. Both 2012 ASSE President count channels like hard dis- ART DIRECTOR Dale Chinn Richard A. Pollock, CSP, and counters and dollar stores are PRODUCTION STAFF PepsiCo’s chairman and CEO, rapidly growing. Additionally, DIRECTOR, PRINT AND Indra K. Nooyi, are focused on Fewer than 30 online retailing is beginning ONLINE PRODUCTION Jenny Hernandez-Asandas the fast-changing present. percent of ASSE’s to make inroads into our cat- PRODUCTION MANAGER Teresa Antonio Pollock’s recent columns egories while social media am- SALES STAFF in Professional Safety explain members today plifi es positive messages and WEST DISTRICT SALES MANAGER Barbara Blake why the society is shift ing to a rumors in the blink of an eye,” 972-687-6718 engage with their EAST DISTRICT SALES MANAGER Jenna Conwell “fl atter, more strategic” board she writes. PepsiCo’s report 610-436-4372 of directors in response to dra- local chapters even says 22 of its brands generated matic changes in its members’ once per year, and at least $1 billion in sales last SECURITY, SAFETY, AND HEALTH GROUP demographics and in how they year and 35 percent of its net PRESIDENT & GROUP PUBLISHER Kevin O’Grady most members pay PUBLISHER Karen Cavallo engage with the society, their revenue came from emerg- work responsibilities, and how additional dues so ing and developing markets. GROUP CIRCULATION DIRECTOR Margaret Perry they network and access tech- they can belong to Sustainability and nutritional GROUP MARKETING MANAGER Susan May nical education. For example, products that meet the high- GROUP WEBSITE MANAGER Scott Newhouse fewer than 30 percent of mem- a common interest est global safety standards are GROUP WEBINAR ADMINISTRATOR Tammy Renne bers today engage with their group or practice key to its performance; the local chapters even once per specialty. company’s lost-time jury rate year, and most members pay declined by 32 percent in 2012 PRESIDENT & Neal Vitale CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER additional dues so they can belong to a com- from the year before, Nooyi reports. SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT & Richard Vitale mon interest group or practice specialty, he I like what Nooyi says in her conclusion: CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER points out. “I believe we are very well positioned to run EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Michael J. Valenti You can learn more about the society’s a great race, in support of our shareholders VICE PRESIDENT, Christopher M. Coates board restructuring at http://restructure2013. today and for the next generation.” Can you FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION asse.org. and I say the same? VICE PRESIDENT, Erik A. Lindgren INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & Nooyi’s letter to PepsiCo shareholders in APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT JERRY LAWS the company’s 2012 annual report explains VICE PRESIDENT, David F. Myers how it has adopted a globally integrated [email protected] EVENT OPERATIONS

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Jeffrey S. Klein Occupational Health & Safety (ISSN 0362-4064) © Copyright 2013 by 1105 Media, Inc. All rights re- Direct your Media Kit requests to: is published monthly by 1105 Media, Inc., 9201 served. Printed in the U.S.A. Reproductions in whole Lynda Brown REACHING THE STAFF Oakdale Avenue, Ste. 101, Chatsworth, CA 91311. or part prohibited except by written permission. Mail Ph: 972-687-6710 (phone) Editors can be reached via e-mail, fax, telephone, or mail. A list of Periodicals postage paid at Chatsworth, CA requests to “Permissions Editor,” c/o Occupational Fx: 972-687-6750 (fax) editors and contact information is at www.ohsonline.com. 91311-9998, and at additional mailing offi ces. Health & Safety, 14901 Quorum Dr., Ste. 425, E-mail: [email protected] Complimentary subscriptions are sent to qualifying Dallas, TX 75254. Email: To e-mail any member of the staff please use the following For single article reprints (in minimum quantities of subscribers. Annual subscription rates payable in form: [email protected]. The information in this magazine has not undergone 250-500), e-prints, plaques and posters contact: U.S. funds for non-qualifi ed subscribers are: U.S. any formal testing by 1105 Media, Inc. and is dis- PARS International Dallas Offi ce: (weekdays, 8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. CT) $79.00, International $149.00. Subscription inqui- tributed without any warranty expressed or implied. Ph: 212-221-9595 Telephone: 972-687-6700; Fax: 972-687-6799 ries, back issue requests, and address changes: Mail to: Implementation or use of any information contained E-mail: [email protected] 14901 Quorum Drive, Suite 425, Dallas, TX 75254 Occupational Health & Safety, P.O. Box 2166, Skok- herein is the reader’s sole responsibility. While the Web: www.magreprints.com/QuickQuote.asp ie, IL 60076-7866, email OHSmag@1105service. Corporate Offi ce: (weekdays, 8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. PT) information has been reviewed for accuracy, there is com or call 847-763-9688. POSTMASTER: Send This publication’s subscriber list, as well as other Telephone: 818-814-5200; Fax: 818-734-1522 no guarantee that the same or similar results may be address changes to Occupational Health & Safety, P.O. Box lists from 1105 Media, Inc., is available for rental. 9201 Oakdale Avenue, Suite 101, Chatsworth, CA 91311 achieved in all environments. Technical inaccuracies 2166, Skokie, IL 60076-7866. Canada Publications Mail For more information, please contact our list may result from printing errors and/or new develop- Agreement No: 40612608. Return Undeliverable Canadian manager: ments in the industry. Addresses to Circulation Dept. or XPO Returns: P.O. Box 201, Richmond Hill, ON L4B 4R5, Canada. Corporate Headquarters: Merit Direct 1105 Media Ph: 914-368-1000 9201 Oakdale Ave. Ste. 101 E-mail: [email protected] Chatsworth, CA 91311 Web: www.meritdirect.com/1105 www.1105media.com 4 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

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Untitled-4 1 4/30/13 11:42 AM TABLE OF CONTENTS 45 Building a Culture of Safety JUNE 2013 | Volume 82, Number 6 | www.ohsonline.com Gift card incentive programs are most effective when employees are incentivized based upon both lagging and leading metrics. by Melissa Paladino

DEFIBRILLATORS & CPR ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES 48 Keys to Boosting BUREAU OF EMS & TRAUMA SYSTEM CPR Quality Dr. Bentley J. Bobrow discusses the lessons for employers in a study that involved resuscitation training and AEDs that provide real-time CPR feedback. by Jerry Laws 48

62 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 50 Respiratory 101 LINCOLN ELECTRIC “I usually tell class participants that conditions have features probably changed, processes have changed in fi ve, ten, fi fteen years, and you should constantly be sampling VISION PROTECTION and updating your initial exposure assessment results.” 12 Survey Says . . . Renewed Commitment to by Jerry Laws Safety Needed ELECTRICAL SAFETY We need support, engagement, and managers and safety professionals who actually understand real-world 54 Applying Personal Protective Grounds performance concerns from our employees, so the proper Always test circuits for the absence of voltage before solutions can be found. by Randy DeVaul placing personal protective grounds. Just because you know it’s de-energized doesn’t mean that it really is. HEARING PROTECTION by James R. White 18 NHCA Conference Highlights Top Hearing Conservation Trends WELDING SAFETY A researcher from West Virginia University proposed a bat- 62 Preventing Fires in Fume tery of audiologic tests that could help to diagnose solvent- Extraction Systems induced hearing loss. by Theresa Y. Schulz Simply put, any time you have a spark, heat, and oxygen

LAS VEGAS CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY near a fi lter system, you run the risk of a smoldering fi re 2013 ASSE PREVIEW or spontaneous combustion within the system. 23 Vegas App-eal by Christopher Brodnick and Jason Lange ASSE’s Safety 2013 TRAINING: TRANSPORTATION SAFETY conference includes more than 250 sessions 66 Helicopter EMS Under Scrutiny Again and one of the best NTSB has reissued a recommendation that FAA require safety and health helicopter EMS pilots to undergo periodic, FAA-approved, exhibit halls of the year. scenario-based simulator training. by Jerry Laws by Jessica Acklen 23 departments 24 Safety 2013 Product Showcase 4 From the Editor 10 EMPLOYEE GIFTS & INCENTIVES SECTION 35 Newsline 68 New Products 36 Effective Safety Recognition Programs — 70 Product Spotlights The Do’s and Don’ts 72 Literature Library Supervisors should seek out opportunities to catch 72 Classifi eds employees working safely, using the right safety equipment 73 Advertiser Index and clothing, and following safe work. by Rory Smith 74 Breakthrough Strategies by Robert Pater 40 Tangible Incentive Programs Improve Safety Results Find OHS on: It is a best practice to integrate training within the safety Twitter http://twitter.com/OccHealthSafety incentive program. by Ira Ozer Facebook http://facebook.com/OHSMagazine Safety Community http://www.safetycommunity.com/profi le/OHSMagazine

6 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_006_008_TOC_v2.indd 6 5/14/13 11:56 AM NFPA 2112 Should you be certified?

NFPA 2112, the “Standard for Flame-Resistant sure all the garments are manufactured as certi¿ed. Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel 7his process gives the safety manager con¿dence Against Flash Fire,” has been around since 2002, and trust that every garment ordered meets all the but in the past few years has skyrocketed in industry requirements of the NFPA 2112 standard. attention :hile numerous fabrics are certi¿ed to the NFPA 2112 standard, more and more employers in In response to the growing need and interest in NFPA industries with Àash ¿re ha]ards²such as petroleum 2112-certi¿ed garments, :orkrite has taken an e[tra refining, chemical processing, manufacturers step by placing e[ternal labels onto these certi¿ed generating combustible dust and the oil and gas garments to give safety managers and employers a drilling industries, in particular²are looking for their quick visual con¿rmation that the garments their FR garments to be certi¿ed, as well 7his could be employees are wearing are NFPA 2112 certi¿ed. An fueled in part by OSHA’s increased safety inspections internal label is required for all certi¿ed garments, in these industries, leading to a sharp rise in the use but this new, easily seen “NFPA 2112” e[ternal label of FR garments as additional pieces of personal guarantees that the employees are wearing garments protective equipment for certain job categories. that are certi¿ed to these stringent safety standards. OSHA doesn’t currently require that whole garments be certi¿ed to NFPA 2112, but many safety managers The certification guarantees that the have decided to take this additional safety step garments themselves have been certified as for their employees. With more than 160 NFPA 2112-certi¿ed styles, Workrite has been working a whole, finished product, including all items to offer this assurance to their customers since the that make up the garment, such as fabric, standard was introduced more than a decade ago. thread, zipper tape, buttons and trims. Workrite has certi¿ed a variety of their FR workwear, including coveralls, shirts, pants and non-insulated outerwear in Ultra Soft®, Indura®, Nome[® IIIA, Protera® and 7ecasafe® Plus. So what does it mean to have an NFPA 2112-certi¿ed garment" 7his additional certi¿cation is performed Workrite’s innovative e[ternal label provides at-a- by an independent third-party organi]ation, such glance veri¿cation that a garment is certi¿ed to NFPA as Underwriters Laboratory (UL), as is required by 2112, making the task of compliance monitoring the standard. 7he certi¿cation guarantees that the quick and easy²a necessity for the fast-paced nature garments themselves have been certi¿ed as a whole, of these jobsites. In order to continue to provide the ¿nished product, including all items that make up the kind of service and quality FR workwear Workrite garment, such as fabric, thread, ]ipper tape, buttons has become known for in the past 40 years, they are and trims. NFPA 2112 also requires an ongoing audit continually adding new NFPA 2112-certi¿ed styles for FR garment manufacturing facilities to verify that based on customer needs, updated industry standards there is a quality control process in place to make and OSHA requirements.

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Untitled-5 1 5/9/13 12:41 PM TABLE OF CONTENTS JUNE 2013 | Volume 82, Number 6 | www.ohsonline.com www.ohsonline.com Focus on Relationship Development It takes more than just compliance to build a strong safety culture, points out Judy Agnew, senior vice president, safety solutions, for Aubrey Daniels International (www.aubreydaniels. com). She explains why relationship development is so important in creating and sustaining a safety culture. Combustible Dust Webinar: Identifying Precursors to Catastrophic Events Sign up now for a July 10 webinar about the combustible dust fi res that are “near misses” ahead of many dust explosions. Three experts — Noise Monitoring Resources John Astad of the Combus- Employers can fi nd assistance in maintaining an effective tible Dust Policy Institute, noise monitoring and hearing loss prevention program from along with Richard Keyworth, CFPS, and Jeffrey C. Nichols, OSHA and NIOSH, freelance writer Fred Elliott reports. NIOSH’s managing partner of Industrial Fire Prevention LLC — will “A Practical Guide to Effective Hearing Conservation Programs explain how partnering with the fi re service can help facility in the Workplace,” published in 1990, remains an excellent owners and safety managers identify and address combustible resource for anyone tackling a workplace noise problem. dust hazards.

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Untitled-2 1 5/1/13 1:59 PM NEWSLINE

On the Move has acquired Ashburn Hill Corp., includ- www.ohsonline.com ing two TECGEN fl ame-resistant apparel ADVISORY BOARD Th e Utility Infrastructure Division of As- brands, TECGEN Select and TECGEN Joe E. Beck sociated General Contractors of America Xtreme®, and a manufacturing operation in Professor, Environmental Health Science (AGC) was born during the organization’s Angleton, Texas. Th e brands will fall under Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Ky. 2013 Annual Convention. It had been INVISTA’s Performance Materials business named the Municipal & Utilities Division; Leo J. DeBobes, MA (OH&S), CSP, CHCM, segment, which includes the CORDURA™ CPEA, CSC, EMT its leadership voted to approve the name fabric brand. “INVISTA has an aggressive Stony Brook University Medical Center change in November 2012 and the AGC growth strategy that includes identifying Stony Brook, NY Executive Board agreed in January 2013. new business opportunities to allow us Scott Lawson . . . Steve Couling, managing director of to continue building a product portfolio The Scott Lawson Companies TIME-Versalift , was elected as the new that delivers value to customers,” said Jeff Concord, N.H. president of the International Powered Brown, executive vice president of INVIS- Angelo Pinheiro, CSP, CRSP, CPEA Access Federation during its annual general TA Performance Materials. “Th e TECGEN Senior HES Professional INTERNATIONAL POWERED ACCESS FEDERATION fl ame resistant brands have quickly gained Marathon Oil Company Houston, Texas trust in the marketplace, and by coupling William H. Weems, DrPH, CIH that expertise with INVISTA’s existing Director, Environmental & Industrial Programs global workwear capabilities, we have high University of Alabama College of Continuing Studies expectations for the specialized garment Tuscaloosa, Ala. segment.” INVISTA held a minority inter- Barry R. Weissman, MBA, REM, CSP, est in Ashburn Hill prior to the acquisition, CHMM, CHS-V, CIPS according to its announcement. Corporate Manager — Health & Safety Benjamin Moore Paint Co. Flanders, N.J. Awards & Henry Wright Vice President & Manager - Risk Control Recognition BB&T Insurance Services Inc. Charlotte, N.C. ■ Associated Builders and Contrac-

tors held its 23rd Annual Excellence in PRIME INC. Construction Awards celebration Feb. 20 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., with numerous winners of its National Safety Excellence Awards honored. Ed Foulke, a former Shown at the March 2013 handover of the IPAF OSHA assistant secretary who is now a presidency are, from left, outgoing President Fisher & Phillips LLC partner in Atlanta, Wayne Lawson of JLG, new President Steve Coul- served on the 12-judge panel selecting the ing of TIME-Versalift, and CEO Tim Whiteman. winners, which included Pinnacle Award meeting on March 26 in Miami. He suc- winners ISC Constructors L.L.C. (Baton ceeds Wayne Lawson of JLG. Andy Stud- Rouge, La.), Lebolo Construction Manage- dert, chairman and CEO of NES Rentals, ment Inc. (Boynton Beach, Fla.), Mobley was elected deputy president. Two new Industrial Services, Inc. (Deer Park, Texas), members were elected to the IPAF board Th e Mundy Companies (Houston), PCL Ronald Hoover proudly displays his Missouri Truck- of directors: Brad Boehler, president of Industrial Construction Company (Hous- ing Association 2013 Driver of the Year Award at the association’s annual safety conference. Shown Skyjack, and Nick Selley, group business ton), and W.T. Byler Co. (Houston). Th e from left are Prime Fleet Manager Steve Tassin, development director of AFI-Uplift . Coul- 2012 National Safety Excellence Award Hoover, and Hoover’s wife, Janet Hoover. ing outlined three goals for his two-year winners were selected from ABC member term as president: specialist training for fi rms that achieved Diamond and Platinum Association (MoTA) Annual Safety Con- the vehicle-mounted sector, online training status in ABC’s Safety Training and Evalu- ference. Ronald Hoover, a reefer driver programs, and the creation of more IPAF ation Process and were judged on self- for more than 12 years, was recognized as country councils to enable regional forums evaluation scores, lost workday case rates, April 2012 Driver of the Month and the for discussion and a local focus on issues total recordable rates, use of leading indica- 2013 MoTA Driver of the Year, while Glen important to those regions. “Wayne has tors, innovation in processes and training, Horack and Th omas Miller were named the been at the helm of the IPAF board during and interviews conducted by members of 2012 August Driver of the Month and 2012 a challenging period for IPAF and has been ABC’s National Environment, Health & September Driver of the Month, respec- a very dedicated and professional chair- Safety Committee. tively, according to Prime’s news release. “I man,” Couling said. “A very hard act to fol- ■ Th ree Prime Inc. drivers were hon- was really excited and quite honored. I’m low!” . . . INVISTA recently announced it ored during the 2013 Missouri Trucking thankful that Prime nominated me, and

10 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_010_011_Newsline_v5.indd 10 5/14/13 10:59 AM I’m thankful that the MoTA selected me World Health Organization is updating transport,” said Dr. Etienne Krug, director for these awards,” said Hoover, who has the Model Essential Medicines List, the of WHO’s Department of Violence and In- driven more than 3.6 million miles during agency announced April 8. Th e list is jury Prevention and Disability. “We need to his career. “Ron is a consummate profes- meant to assist countries in developing rethink the way we organize our transport sional, one of those guys who never has a their own national lists and prioritizing systems to make walking safe and save pe- negative word to say about anyone. He is a medicines to meet their health needs. “It destrian lives.” great trainer and role model,” Prime Fleet also plays an important advocacy role: WHO and partners have produced “Pe- Manager Steve Tassin said. “What you see inclusion in the EML highlights the po- destrian safety: a road safety manual for is what you get with him. He is a real team tential impact of products; removal from decision-makers and practitioners” to pro- player with an upbeat, professional person- the list can send a clear signal that a prod- mote a focus on combined enforcement, ality. We are proud of him and all of our uct is no longer appropriate,” according to engineering, and education measures, in- other drivers for their dedication to safe, the agency. cluding: professional driving practices.” “Th e EML is one of WHO’s most im- ■ adopting and enforcing new and ex- portant projects from the past 35 years,” isting laws to reduce speeding, curb drink- Report Estimates said Dr. Manica Balasegaram, executive ing and driving, and curb mobile phone Californians’ Flood Risk director of Medécins Sans Frontiers’ Ac- use and other forms of distracted driving One in every fi ve Californians lives in a cess Campaign. “We use it as a tool to fl ag ■ installing infrastructure that sepa- fl ood plain, and nearly everyone living in drugs for priority use. I would like to see rates pedestrians from other traffi c (side- California is at risk from fl ooding, accord- it become an even stronger tool to serve walks, raised crosswalks, overpasses, ing to a report on fl ood risk across the state developing countries, a tool for innovation underpasses, refuge islands, and raised that was developed by the California De- and change.” medians), lowers vehicle speeds (speed partment of Water Resources and the U.S. WHO created the fi rst Essential Drugs bumps, rumble strips, and chicanes) and Army Corps of Engineers’ South Pacifi c List in 1977 with 220 drugs listed. Since improves roadway lighting Division. “California’s Flood Future: Rec- then the EML Expert Committee has met ■ creating pedestrian zones in city ommendations for Managing California’s every two years to update the Model List. centers by restricting vehicular access Flood Risk” was released in April. Any entity may propose an addition — in- ■ improving mass transit route design “What we found is that fl oods have the dividuals, governments, pharmaceutical ■ developing and enforcing vehicle potential to aff ect just about everyone who companies, or medical associations. Th ey design standards for pedestrian protection, lives in California,” said Kim Carsell, the must provide evidence of the proposed including soft vehicle fronts Corps’ lead planner for the project. “Even drug’s safety, effi cacy, and cost-eff ectiveness ■ organizing and/or further enhanc- if you’re not fl ooded, things you depend on and must show the medicine is essential to ing trauma care systems to guarantee — utilities, hospitals, the farms that grow meeting priority health care needs and is prompt treatment for those with life- your food — could be. So a fl ood would available in adequate amounts. threatening injuries still be a big problem for you and, really, for Th e committee is reviewing the 17th Th e World Bank marked Global Road the nation.” Model Essential Medicines List, with an Safety Week with a live-streamed event Th e report says every one of California’s updated list expected to be available in the about pedestrian safety that included 58 counties has had a major fl ood dur- third quarter of 2013. Kweku Mandela, an activist who is the ing the past 20 years, and more than $575 grandson of Nelson Mandela, along with billion in infrastructure and $7 billion in WHO Highlights Pedestrians’ Risks Safe Kids Worldwide President and CEO crops are exposed to fl ooding. More than 270,000 pedestrians die on the Kate Carr and former Costa Rica Transport Th e study team consulted 142 local world’s roads every year, and they account Minister Karla Gonzalez, who is now the agencies throughout the state to compile for 22 percent of the total 1.24 million World Bank’s South Asia region transport the data for the report, which was funded road traffi c deaths, according to the World sector manager. Nelson Mandela’s great- by the state of California. Th e state’s lead Health Organization, which recently called granddaughter Zenani, age 13, died in a planner for the report, Terri Wegener, said on governments to improve the safety of car crash as she was returning home from this is the opening phase of a long-term ef- pedestrians. Th e Second United Nations a World Cup concert in Soweto in 2010. fort to reassess how the state manages fl ood Global Road Safety Week (May 6-12) was Her death turned the Mandela family into risk and plans fl ood control projects. marked with events in nearly 70 countries activists for global road safety, according to “It is much smarter and more cost ef- to draw attention to the needs of pedestri- the agency. fective to reduce fl ood risk now than to ans, generate action on measures to protect WHO reports the proportion of pedes- spend billions of dollars trying to recover them, and contribute to achieving the goal trians killed in relation to other road from a major fl ood,” she said in a USACE of the Decade of Action for Road Safety users is highest in Africa (38 percent) and news release. 2011-2020 to save 5 million lives. lowest in southeast Asia (12 percent). In “More than 5,000 pedestrians are killed some countries, the proportion is nearly WHO Committee Updating Model on the world’s roads each week. Th is is two-thirds of road traffi c deaths, such as Essential Medicines List because their needs have been neglected in El Salvador (62 percent) and Liberia An expert committee working for the for decades, oft en in favor of motorized (66 percent).

www.ohsonline.com 11

0613ohs_010_011_Newsline_v5.indd 11 5/14/13 10:59 AM VISION PROTECTION Survey Says . . .Renewed Commitment to Safety Needed We need support, engagement, and managers management support (20 percent). and safety professionals who actually under- When a company’s focus at the outset is on worker compliance, followed by insuffi cient or no manage- stand real-world performance concerns ment support, what conclusion can a person draw from our employees, so the proper solutions other than that people who should care about safety actually don’t care about it at all? I am not an advocate can be found. of believing it is always management’s fault, as many BY RANDY DEVAUL regulatory agencies would have us believe. Th ere are ach year, Kimberly-Clark Professional con- levels of personal responsibility for every employee, ducts a survey of safety professionals to but the sad fact remains that if a manager sets the bar Eidentify the current status, trends, and use at “fl oor level,” that is the level of achievement em- of personal protective equipment (PPE) ployees will hit. in the workplace. We share its fi ndings each year to In a white paper provided by another safety pub- help safety professionals across North America with lication, the top reason as to why safety programs fail insights that create safer, healthier, and more produc- is disengaged leadership (65 percent).1 If the goal is tive workplaces. Th e surveys have included responses to simply have an employee comply with standards, from safety professionals who are responsible for we as safety professionals create the environment of purchasing or infl uencing the purchase of PPE. Re- being completely out of touch with our front-line spondents are from companies of various sizes, hav- managers and employees, because our goal is not to ing fewer than 100 employees to more than 500 em- provide real-world solutions for our people, but rather ployees, and industries ranging from aerospace, metal to ensure they follow the letter of the law. Th at reason- manufacturing, oil and gas, construction, and utilities ing, for many employees, has no practical value. Th e to food processing, just to name a few. In the latest fact that there is little management support suggests survey, it shouldn’t be surprising that, based on the there is also a perception that there is no real safety professionals surveyed, 85 percent state that safety is value within the organization and no expectation by a top priority within their organizations. employees to be safe. If a comparison were made between the 2012 sur- We cannot assume our employees will take on safe vey and previous years, the reality is that although practices simply because we tell them to do so. We the numbers have dropped slightly to show some have a responsibility to show our people the value of improvement, there really is no signifi cant sign of ad- safety. Th is can be through appropriate task training, vancement in most categories. It is the same as the ad- properly conducted safety meetings, and eff ectively age that says, “How can we continue to do the same communicating the true sense of the employee’s value things over and over while expecting diff erent results?” to the organization. If we merely accept “compliance” Based on survey fi ndings since 2006, I believe there as our driving force and put up with walking by haz- are four critical steps safety professionals must address ards every day simply because there is no “standard” to improve their results: continuing to recognize the that applies, we are at fault for our poor safety perfor- need for engaged leadership, confront challenges as- mance. Unfortunately, that poor performance relates sociated with eye protection, reevaluate the value of to real body parts and lives being in the crosshairs, just their education and training programs, and focus PPE waiting for an injury or illness to occur. investments on comfort above other factors. Managers and safety professionals have a responsibility to help their employees do better. Getting the Recognizing the Need for Engaged Leadership management support and employee training right is As a 35-plus-year safety professional, I was stunned only part of the solution. In the 2012 survey, when to see the following 2012 survey result: 82 percent of safety professionals were asked the reason why people respondents state they have observed someone in the did not wear the necessary PPE, the top three respons- organization not wearing PPE when performing tasks es were that the employee didn’t know it was needed for which PPE should be used. However, perhaps this (indicating proper training must be given), it was is not as surprising as it should be, based on another “uncomfortable,” and it was too hot (again, a comfort 2012 survey fi nding: Th e leading responses for what level issue). Another sad note is that more than one created the top safety issue within their workplaces out of fi ve respondents indicated they were unsure or are worker compliance (43 percent) and insuffi cient didn’t answer the question, leading me to believe there

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Untitled-17 1 12/7/12 3:57 PM VISION PROTECTION

is no real engagement taking place with employees. Again, 82 per- education and training programs. If this includes proper task train- cent of safety professionals stated that employees were not wearing ing that integrates safety hazards and protective measures with ac- PPE when they should have been, but 21 percent responded that curately written standard operating procedures (SOPs), it can be they didn’t know why PPE wasn’t being worn. reinforced in the safety training sessions and begin to drive change in how safety is valued and how tasks are performed. Th e concern Addressing the Most Challenging PPE: Eyewear is that this has been the number one choice in the survey since In 2012, the leading response (37 percent) as to which type of PPE 2008; is anyone actually making progress, or are they just hoping it workers fi nd to be most challenging to wear was eye protection, happens on its own? more than two to one above the next category of PPE, gloves. I have worn prescription glasses since fi rst grade, and I know it can be easy The Need for a Greater Focus on Comfort for lenses to fog and there are challenges with uncomfortably fi tting, In the 2012 survey, more than 70 percent of responses relate to over-the-glass eyewear, whether glasses or goggles. In addition, I PPE being uncomfortable or too hot, but only one in four safety fi nd wearing any type of respirator creates additional eyewear fog- professionals stated they would fi nd more comfortably fi tting ging, so I understand how this category could be a challenge. PPE. Another 11 percent said they would fi nd “more stylish” PPE, Prevent Blindness America states that 90 percent of the 2,000- create incentive programs, or other, meaning they didn’t really plus eye injuries every day are preventable.2 Th e group found that have a solution. three out of fi ve people who had an injury did not wear any eye pro- Th rough my corporate safety experience, I learned quickly tection at all and that 40 percent wear the wrong eye safeguards for that purchasing the fl avor of the month for styling is a waste of the task.2 When I read an incident investigation report to learn that money and takes up way too much storage space. Style is certainly an employee who had a splash injury states he had eye protection a factor, but don’t base your budget on whether your people “look on because he was wearing his safety glasses with side shields, rather good” because every month, they will have you chasing another than goggles, I know that is a safety program that is not working! style. Comfort is the greatest concern. Incentive programs, if not Th e survey has asked respondents what they have recently run properly, will get your organization in trouble with OSHA and done or are going to do within the next 12 months to encourage with your employees. We don’t need incentives and giveaways. We PPE compliance within their facilities. In 2012, an overwhelming need support, engagement, and managers and safety professionals number (61 percent) stated they are working on improving their who actually understand real-world performance concerns from

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Untitled-1 1 3/4/13 10:46 AM VISION PROTECTION

our employees so the proper solutions can be found. ing to lower costs as well as higher profi ts, productivity, employee While many of the survey fi ndings remained relatively constant morale, and industry recognition. While the need for embracing a year to year, there was one category of questions, relating to laun- safety culture is critical, many of the survey numbers for 2012 equal dered shop towels, where respondents had increased concerns over those of prior years. For 2013, let’s commit to our employees that time. Th ese questions tie to the fact that laundered shop towels can we can do better, and we’ll discover in the next survey results how cause exposure to levels of heavy metals that exceed health-based successful we were in bringing positive change to our safety com- guidelines, whether the organization uses heavy metals in process- mitment and value. es or not. For 2012, 72 percent of the survey respondents indicated this was a concern for their organizations. In 2011, the indepen- Randy DeVaul ([email protected]), Sc.D., M.A., is a senior ca- dent Gradient study commissioned by Kimberly-Clark Profes- pability development manager in Global Safety with Kimberly-Clark sional showed that 100 percent of laundered shop towels tested Professional, which manufactures personal protective equipment for contained heavy metals. Additionally, 51 percent of 2012 survey manufacturing companies throughout the world. With more than 30 respondents stated a concern that laundered shop towels contain- years of direct safety experience, DeVaul has worked in corporate, ing toxic heavy metals, even aft er laundering, pose environmental government, and consultative positions, helping numerous employers risks greater than disposable wipes. make a diff erence in the lives of their employees. He holds a doctorate in Occupational Safety and Health and a master’s degree in Cross- Safety: Toward a Better Return on Investment Cultural Studies. Safety professionals are looking for ways to have a better return Th e most recent Kimberly-Clark Professional survey about PPE on investment that demonstrates a more eff ective safety training use is available at http://investor.kimberly-clark.com/releasedetail. and compliance program. In 2012, many survey respondents (58 cfm?releaseid=712258. percent) stated they are seeking savings on worker’s compensation costs, followed by increased productivity, improved morale, and REFERENCES industry recognition. 1. ISHN, “2011 White Paper,” Page 16, http://www.ishn.com/ext/resources/ Creating and maintaining a strong safety culture will make Clear_Seas/2011-White-Paper.pdf positive changes throughout the entire organization. When every 2. Preventable Blindness America, http://www.preventblindness.org/ employee practices the real value of safety, injuries will drop, lead-

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Untitled-1 1 4/29/13 2:04 PM HEARING PROTECTION NHCA Conference Highlights Top Hearing Conservation Trends

A researcher from West Virginia University and include it in this vital “national data repository” proposed a battery of audiologic tests that of audiometric results. To request additional information or to partici- could help to diagnose solvent-induced pate in the NIOSH study, contact Dr. Liz Masterson at hearing loss. [email protected]. ■ Noise is more dangerous than previously BY THERESA Y. SCHULZ thought. Researchers at Harvard Medical School re- he National Hearing Conservation Associa- vealed data that suggests neural damage continues for tion (NHCA) is the one professional asso- months aft er noise exposure has ceased. Th is neural Tciation dedicated to hearing loss prevention damage could make tinnitus worse and make speech in all aspects of society. For those trying to understanding more diffi cult, even if hearing remains improve their hearing conservation programs, NHCA the same. is a great resource. Each year, hearing conservation ■ Workers exposed to ototoxic chemicals are managers join safety directors, audiologists, research- known to be at higher risk for hearing loss. Th e chem- ers, members of the military, and academics from icals are common in some workplaces and even at around the world at the NHCA Annual Conference, home. Th ey include solvents such as toluene and sty- where there is something for everyone interested in rene. Toluene is used as a solvent in paints, inks, dyes, preventing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). paint thinners, varnishes, and shellacs; it is used in Th is year’s conference in St. Petersburg, Fla., was nail polish, airplane glue, and other glues. Toluene is themed, “Th e Art of Hearing Loss Prevention.” Th e also used in printing operations and in the chemical, conference was well attended, and the presentations paint, and pharmaceutical industries and in petro- and workshops, as well as the discussions in the aisles, leum refi ning. But what impact does exposure to oto- were wide ranging, engaging, and defi nitely quite pas- toxic chemical have on hearing performance in daily sionate. Two major themes seemed to reverberate life activities? A study by researchers at the University throughout the event: Who’s at risk and compliance of Queensland in Australia showed poorer perfor- vs. best practices. mance in not only detecting sounds (what we tradi- tionally test with an audiogram), but also in temporal Who’s At Risk for NIHL? resolution and in self-reported hearing performance ■ Detecting hearing loss earlier: At the conference, for workers exposed to ototoxic chemicals when com- NIOSH reported on a study of the prevalence of oc- pared to workers without ototoxic exposures. Th e re- cupational hearing loss, comparing three defi nitions searchers recommend that solvent-exposed workers of Standard Th reshold Shift (STS). should be included in hearing conservation programs In 1998, NIOSH recommended non-age-cor- and that these workers should be made aware of the rected STS criteria of 15 dB at any single frequency. adverse eff ects of solvents on the auditory system. Th is proposed criterion is shown to identify noise- Meanwhile, a researcher from West Virginia Univer- induced hearing loss signifi cantly earlier in its pro- sity proposed a battery of audiologic tests that could gression. Even non-age-corrected OSHA STS criteri- help to diagnose solvent-induced hearing loss. on detects hearing loss earlier for better prevention. ■ Musicians are occupationally/recreationally ex- (Th e OSHA noise standard defi nes an STS as an av- posed to hazardous noise. No doubt musicians don’t erage 10 dB or more loss in one or both ears relative think of the loud sounds they produce as “noise,” to the most current baseline audiogram averaged at but they can nonetheless be hazardous. A researcher 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz.) from the University of Sydney in Australia reported Th e prevalence of age-adjusted OSHA STS defi ni- that orchestral musicians face similar sound exposure tion was 6 percent, the prevalence of OSHA STS within practice rooms as they do in performance and for out age correction was 14 percent, and the prevalence longer periods of time. No matter the type of music, of the NIOSH defi nition of STS was 20 percent. performers should be aware that practice contributes Of interest, the NIOSH study is currently under to their overall exposure. Recommendations to man- way — and would welcome additional participants age the sound exposure include: using mutes; practic- with audiometric data — to participate. For those par- ing in an acoustically appropriate environment; using ticipating, NIOSH will help to “de-identify” the data hearing protection — some hearing protectors are

18 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_018_020_Schulz_v4.indd 18 5/14/13 11:01 AM CIRCLE 32 ON CARD

Untitled-1 1 4/29/13 12:41 PM HEARING PROTECTION

designed to attenuate sound more naturally testing that are provided in the OSHA/ de-rate well-fi t ear plugs or require double (these are called musician’s ear plugs, fl at-at- NHCA Best Practice Bulletin: Individual hearing protection. tenuation ear plugs, or uniform-attenuation Fit-Testing, which is available online at ■ Changing compliance regulations: ear plugs); and allowing ears a chance to re- http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearing- 85-3, test 8kHz, extend age correction tables. cover by spacing practice sessions. conservation/hearingprograms.html. Th ere was a lot of buzz from leaders in NIOSH reported on a study of ear plug hearing conservation about the 85-3 Coali- Compliance vs. Best Practice fi t-testing in a very high-noise environ- tion, where experts continued to advocate for ■ How do I energize my hearing conser- ment and concluded that workers with evidence-based changes to compliance reg- vation training? Th e military has tradition- low attenuation (not enough protection) ulations. According to its website, 85-3 Co- ally led hearing conservation eff orts and benefi ted from ear plug fi t-testing through alition members are concerned profession- continues to do so. A recent round robin training of how to fi t the protector or seals and organizations that aim to recognize study compared various ear plug fi t-testing lection of a diff erent protector. Workers in real-world eff orts toward making workplac- systems. It reported an average 6-14 dB this high-noise area were generally able es quieter, healthier, and more productive. improvement in protection aft er fi t-testing to fi nd an ear plug that provided at least Th e 85-3 Pioneers are progressive com- and confi rmed the benefi ts of ear plug t- fi 30 dB of protection, avoiding the need to panies, agencies, and nations that have adopted the 85-3 criterion for the noise exposure assessment of employees. Th e body of evidence continues to grow that the use of the 5 dB exchange rate was based on faulty assumptions. Th e verdict that’s becoming more and more apparent is this: Noise that includes impulses is more damaging and, as mentioned above, the neural damage from hazardous noise continues even aft er the noise stops. However, this trend toward 85-3 is not without its critics. Th ere is concern by some that any simple rule relating level, duration, and hazard is an over-simplifi cation, and that a more accurate exchange rate may vary with noise conditions (impulse noise, rest periods, etc.). If your company uses 85 dB as your Action Level and 3 dB as your Exchange Rate for your hearing conservation program, consider becoming a Pio- neer company. Next Steps How do you use this information in your hearing conservation program? One of the best characteristics of the NHCA conference is that you not only can learn about As the world’s leading manufacturer of industrial self-closing safety gates, cutting-edge research, hear various per- FabEnCo offers a full range of carbon steel gates that ﬁt unprotected openings spectives on hearing conservation, and up to 60 inches on ladders, platforms, stairs and mezzanines. Custom gates learn new ideas to take home to your hear- are also available. ing conservation program, but you can network with experts, peers, academics, FabEnCo also offers aluminum and stainless steel self-closing safety gates that and service providers who are all willing to are easy to install and offer a number of advantages: share their passion for preventing NIHL. Aluminum Stainless Steel Th e 2014 NHCA annual conference will s Fire, Heat and Spark Resistant s Easy Cleaning for Hygiene Conditions be March 13-15, 2014 in Las Vegas. sExceptional Strength to Weight Ratio s Corrosion Resistant Dr. Th eresa Y. Schulz is the Hearing Con- servation Manager for Honeywell Safety Products, the manufacturer of Howard Leight® hearing protection products. For more information, visit www.howardleight. com and www.hearforever.org.

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0213ohs_SuperGlove_BRC_Card.indd 1 1/15/13 11:43 AM 0213ohs_SuperGlove_BRC_Card.indd 2 1/15/13 11:43 AM EXPO HOURS Monday, June 24: 3 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW Tuesday, June 25: 9 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS Wednesday, June 26: 9 a.m. – 3 p.m. Vegas App-eal LAS VEGAS CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY

ASSE’s Safety 2013 conference includes more than 250 sessions and one of the best safety and health exhibit halls of the year. BY JESSICA ACKLEN f you aren’t attending the American Society of The Las Vegas Convention Center and the Cashman Center Safety Engineers’ Professional Development Con- set a new recycling record during 2012. ference in Las Vegas this month, you might be Imissing out. With an extensive expo hall, a variety Th e Executive Summit Panel, a discussion of cur- of guest panelists, informative discussions, and safety rent issues by CEOs and other top corporate offi cials, professionals from all over the world, this June 24-27 is set for 7:45 to 9 a.m. Th ursday. conference is one not to miss. More than 4,000 people Most of the conference’s technical tours were sold attended the conference a year ago. out more than two months ahead of the event. Th e Sin City is the place to be almost any time of year, tours include Hoover Dam’s power plant, Th e Mirage, even though 100 degrees F is the average daily high Las Vegas Motor Speedway, the Wyndham Desert temperature in June. Th e Las Vegas Convention and Blue construction site, and TIMET Corporation, a ti- Visitors Authority reported 4,944,014 convention visi- tanium manufacturer. tors came to the city last year and that the Las Vegas Convention Center (the site of ASSE’s event) and New Features Cashman Center set a new recycling record during An innovative assistant for this year’s conference is the 2012: 68 percent, or 3,288 tons of materials. “We com- Safety 2013 app. ASSE’s app, similar to the mobile app mitted to a comprehensive recycling program in 2006, it incorporated last year, will help attendees stay orga- and we continue to improve our systems to recycle nized. With a personalized agenda, a schedule at their more and more items,” said Taryle Spain, director of fi ngertips, access to speaker presentations and tracks, client services for the authority, which operates both an exhibitor guide, and an interactive map to guide facilities. “We have made a commitment at both the them from event to event and booth to booth, the app convention center and Cashman Center to being envi- is a great way to make the most out of the experience. ronmentally friendly facilities, and by working closely It is available for iPhones, iPads, and Android. with our vendors, trade show partners, and local chari- ASSE also is introducing interactive research table organizations, we’re having great success.” poster sessions at the conference. Th e society invited ASSE’s Safety 2013 conference includes more than safety, health, and environmental educators, students, 250 sessions and one of the best safety and health ex- professionals, and researchers to submit original con- hibits halls of the year, with more than 400 companies tributions that can be displayed in an educational and vendors booking space in the expo. poster format and to send a video presenting the poster. Videos will be available during the conference for Keynote Speakers attendees to vote for the “People’s Choice” and the best Following the kickoff reception in the expo Monday in each category, with selected videos included in the aft ernoon, the opening general session on Tuesday, ASSE Body of Knowledge. June 25, from 7:30 to 9 a.m. features keynote speaker Peter Sheahan’s talk, “Creative Strategies for Turning Educational Opportunities Challenge into Opportunity and Change into Com- Education sessions are organized in 21 tracks and an petitive Advantage.” Sheahan is the founder and CEO additional series of key issue roundtables on Tuesday, of ChangeLabs and the author of six books. Later that Wednesday, and Th ursday. International issues, oil aft ernoon, from 1 to 2 p.m., OSHA Assistant Secre- & gas, executive, transportation, sustainability, con- tary Dr. David Michaels will lead a discussion on the struction and mining, health care, wellness, emergen- key issues facing the health and safety industry and its cy management, fi re protection, and more individual professionals. tracks off er three or four sessions each day. On Wednesday, author, teacher, and researcher Attendance prices and options are available on the Richard Rumelt will lead the morning session from Safety 2013 website, www.safety2013.org/. 7:30 to 9 a.m. He will discuss some of the topics ad- dressed in his book, “Good Strategy/Bad Strategy Jessica Acklen ([email protected]) is an 1105 — Th e Diff erence and Why It Matters,” a look into Media Inc. Security, Safety and Health Group associate achieving the best strategies for business. editor who works in the company’s Dallas offi ce.

www.ohsonline.com JUNE 2013 | Occupational Health & Safety 23

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 23 5/10/13 12:21 PM SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

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24 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 24 5/10/13 12:21 PM Untitled-4 1

LEXAN is a registered trademark of General Electric Company. SOS Patent No. 6,832,389 and others. B-26 OSHA 29CFR1910.133 and ANSI Z87.1 ANSI and 29CFR1910.133 OSHA + Have You Enough? Done , B-27 , - Revised August, 2003 August, Revised - # CERTIFIED COMPLIANT SIDEWEAR + , B-52 , LET US HELP WITH THE ONLY INDEPENDENTLY + & B-53 & PROUDLY MADE IN USA coverage. eye orbit area to protective maximize exposed the andsurrounds surface evenlyimpact over the entire wing The patented SafetyWing The patented + + comply with with comply

JOH.BUF FREE SAMPLESFREE available forevaluation atwww.SideShield.com atyour Request workplace. The SafetyWing SOS SideWear fromtherecognized Over ten millionworkers dailybenefit China, Korea and the European Community countries. China, Korea Community andtheEuropean Features souniquethat ninepatents have intheU.S., orpending issued been orexceed tocurrent meet andfutureANSIstandards. engineered Protection SOS SIDEWEAR Cushions Comfort Optional facialconformity, supplycustomized foreigndebris. blocking #

"ZF.BUF ™ distributes ® TOLL FREE:866-919-2020-Fax: 972-353-4020 shields easily adjusted to fit small, medium andlargeframes. small,medium shieldseasilyadjusted to fit ™ mitigates cuts and fractures oftheeye orbitfacialstructure. mitigates andfractures cuts CIRCLE 43ONCARD #

4VO.BUF Below: A B-26 A Below: fps (102 mph) during testing. during mph) (102 fps defl www.SideShield.com • ecting a 1/4 inch steel ball at 150 150 at ball steel inch 1/4 a ecting Patent No. 5,748,278, 6,393,609 B1 and others. and B1 6,393,609 5,748,278, No. Patent ™ AVAILABLE. +® SideShield successfully successfully SideShield #

4VO.BUF ® . 1/17/12 1:37PM SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

FULL-BRIM HARD HAT ELECTROLYTE REPLENISHING ICE POPS With engineering advancements in suspension design, a Hydration Depot’s Sqwincher Squeeze Pops now come with a lightweight shell, and a patented ultraviolet (UV) indicator, the free freezer and shipping on orders of 150 cases or more of NEW 3M™ H-800 Series Full Brim Hard Hat helps to allevi- these great-tasting, electrolyte-replenishing treats. Available ate workers’ frustrations with hard hats on the job. The H-800 in assorted fl avors of lemon lime, orange, cherry, mixed berry, series hard hat introduces an innovative design that offers full- and grape, Sqwincher Sqweeze Freezer Pops reduce core body brim protection, a smooth ratchet suspension, and the optional temperature to keep users at their peak performance during 3M™ Uvicator™ Sensor that changes color when the hard hat work or play. Customer can store 105 pounds of these frozen is exposed to UV light. This feature helps alert the wearer when thirst quenchers in the ergonomically designed freezer, which it’s time to replace the hard hat. The hard hat is available in 11 conveniently fi ts into most spaces. The easy-access defrost colors and can be customized with company logos. Booth 1321 drain and adjustable thermostat allow for simple cleaning and www.ohsonline.com/productinfo maintenance. Booth 946 CIRCLE 304 ON CARD www.ohsonline.com/productinfo CIRCLE 305 ON CARD

Join us in VegasVegas at ASSE *UNE s"OOTH*UNE s"OOTH EnterEnter toto WIN You can dedicate your AN iPADiPAD MMINI!INI! time elsewhere… When you’re no longer worried about Lockout-Tagout compliance.

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26 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 26 5/10/13 12:21 PM HeartQuarters™ Training. Your solution for CPR and ﬁ rst aid training.

Does your company train 125 or more employees in CPR and ﬁ rst aid in a year? If so, HeartQuarters Training is the solution for you. HeartQuarters Training is a full-service training solution offered by the American Heart Association. Your employees will receive consistent, high-quality training in ﬁ rst aid, CPR AED and bloodborne pathogens directly from AHA. Courses are offered in a classroom setting and an eLearning format.

Whether your employees are in one or more locations, we can help develop a training solution that makes sense for you. Visit our booth #1163 at Safety 2013 or scan the QR code to learn more.

Untitled-1 1 4/29/13 2:34 PM SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

PUBLIC SAFETY VEST LIFT FRONT HOOD The Egodyne Expandable Public Safety Vest is made with an The Salisbury by Honeywell Lift Front Hood is a revolutionary ANSI-compliant polyester mesh and features adjustable sides, hybrid in arc fl ash head protection that promises to increase making it ideal for all sizes. With a fi ve-point breakaway design worker visibility, breathability, and effi ciency. It combines and 3M™ Scotchlite™ Refl ective Material, this vest is helpful an award-winning, weight-balancing faceshield, a clear chin for police, emergency responders, and hazmat workers. It fea- guard, and a standard arc fl ash protection hood. Lift Front tures radio tabs/holders and comes in both lime and orange. Hood’s wider faceshield and transparent chin guard allow for Booth 1357 a 45-degree greater vertical view compared to the standard www.ohsonline.com/productinfo arc fl ash hood, and the wider view increases the worker’s CIRCLE 306 ON CARD vertical peripheral vision fi eld by 109 percent. Improved visibility increases safety because electrical workers are much more aware of their surroundings while working in an arc fl ash hazardous environment. Booth 1423 www.ohsonline.com/productinfo CIRCLE 307 ON CARD

Circle 13 on card. See us at ASSE, Booth 850

28 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 28 5/10/13 12:21 PM Is a Cut Level Going to Protect Your People?

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.BMWFSO 1"64"_.JTTJTTBVHB $BOBEB #SVTTFMT #FMHJVN

IHUVTJVT )HUVT SEE US AT ASSE, BOOTH #981 | CIRCLE 3 ON CARD

Untitled-4 1 4/4/13 3:50 PM SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

DURABLE GLOVES TANKLESS TEMPERING SYSTEMS Egodyne’s PROFLEX® 730 Fire & Rescue Performance Gloves Bradley’s Keltech Tankless Tempering Systems deliver feature durable synthetic leather on fi ngers, thumb, and palm. instantaneous, ANSI-required tepid water to emergency With Armortex® reinforcement on the palm, fi ngers, and thumb safety showers and eye/face washes. Drawing energy only saddle and PVC-reinforced fi ngertip gripping zones, these when needed, these tankless water heaters are designed to gloves are ideal for workers in rugged environments. They be highly effi cient and precise in supplying tepid water at a even include EVA palm padding to dampen shock and impact second’s notice — even in the most extreme and challenging and padding on the knuckles for protection. They are ideal work environments. Installation of these units is very easy be- for fi re, rescue, EMT, demolition, heavy construction, masonry, cause only one electrical connection and a cold water line are drilling/mining, oil & gas refi ning, and recycling. Booth 1357 needed, saving labor time and additional costs. In addition, www.ohsonline.com/productinfo utility costs are minimized because there is no need to keep a CIRCLE 308 ON CARD 300-gallon tank heated at all times. Booth 569 www.ohsonline.com/productinfo CIRCLE 309 ON CARD

LEVEL LOADING IS FAST, SAFE, EFFICIENT

MANHANDLING LOADS CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS DE-PALLETIZING & RE-PALLETIZING IS VERY SLOW

A HIGH DOCK WITHOUT A DOCK LIFT IS SIMPLY AN OBSTACLE TO LOW CITY DELIVERY TRUCKS, HIGH CUBE VANS, PANEL TRUCKS AND PICK UP TRUCKS.

BE SAFE - SAVE MONEY KEEP YOUR DOCK OPERATIONS ON THE LEVEL WITH AN ADVANCE DOCK 1-800-THE DOCK www.advancelifts.com

Circle 1 on card.

30 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 30 5/10/13 12:21 PM Wear it for life. From cotton ﬁ ber selection, all the way through FR ﬁ nishing, Mount Vernon Mills controls every step of the

production process to ensure Mount Vernon FR fabrics offer just the right balance of protection, durability

and comfort. Mount Vernon FR’s durable and dependable FR fabrics meet NFPA 70E and NFPA 2112 standards,

and the durability of the ﬂ ame resistance of our FR

fabrics is guaranteed for the life of the garment.*

Visit us at www.mvmfr.com. PROTECTIVE FABRICS by MOUNT VERNON MILLS

VISIT US AT BOOTH #1685 at the ASSE CONFERENCE & EXPO

CIRCLE 19 ON CARD

Untitled-1 1 4/29/13 2:00 PM SAFETY 2013 PREVIEW WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR HIGH-PERFORMANCE HEADLIGHT Wiley X® Inc. has added an innovative T-Peg Elastic Strap The 3AA HAZ-LO compact, long-running, high-performance retention system to its popular new WX Gravity protective headlight from Streamlight Inc. meets the needs of workers sunglass model, making it an even better protective eyewear in hazardous locations while maintaining exceptional light choice for workers in a wide variety of occupations. Wiley X’s output and a long run time. The light incorporates C4® LED unique, adjustable T-Peg Strap was designed to keep glasses technology and is impervious to shock. It offers a 50,000- securely and comfortably in position even when the wearer is hour lifetime. With 6,800 candela peak beam intensity and engaged in hot, strenuous work activities, such as construc- 165 meter beam distance, this headlamp can illuminate for tion, tree trimming, road work, and more. This same system up to 11 hours. Its push-button on/off switch is easy to use is featured on several Wiley X protective eyewear systems even while wearing heavy gloves. Booth 2040 used by U.S. military and law enforcement operatives around www.ohsonline.com/productinfo the world. These Rx-ready, Climate Control™ series glasses CIRCLE 311 ON CARD feature a stylish wraparound frame with Wiley X’s patented, removable soft foam Facial Cavity™ Seal that blocks out wind, dust, and debris. Booth 531 www.ohsonline.com/productinfo CIRCLE 310 ON CARD GATEKEEPER™ MEZZANINE SAFETY GATE

OPEN CLOSED

The GateKeeper™ Mezzanine Safety Gate, is a reciprocating barrier that makes elevated platform loading and unloading safer. The GateKeeper creates a controlled access area in which the inner and outer gates can’t be opened at the same time. An exclusive design ensures both gates always work in unison.

8900 North Arbon Drive Milwaukee, WI 53223 USA (800) 456-0600 www.ritehite.com

Circle 42 on card.

32 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_023_032_ASSE_v3.indd 32 5/10/13 12:21 PM CIRCLE 34 ON CARD

Untitled-2 1 5/1/13 1:31 PM ECTIVE FAB T RIC DURABILITY PRO S SINSINCECE 19251925 PROTECTION

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SEE US AT ASSE, BOOTH #450 | CIRCLE 25 ON CARD

Untitled-5 1 5/9/13 12:47 PM JUNE 2013 VOL. 82 NO. 6 | www.ohsonline.com Employee Gift s&Incentives

Do’s and Don’ts of Eff ective Safety Recognition Programs

Building a Culture of Safety Why Tangible Incentive Programs Improve Safety Results

www.ohsonline.com JUNE 2013 | Occupational Health & Safety 35

0613ohs_035_GiftsCover_v2.indd 35 5/8/13 10:54 AM Employee Gift s & Incentives

Eff ective Safety Recognition Programs: Th e Do’s and Don’ts Supervisors should seek out opportunities to catch safety program to the organization. In addition, the employees working safely, using the right safety necessary resources must be committed to ensure the continuous achievement of required company equipment and clothing, and following safe work . safety objectives. BY RORY SMITH Key safety program components are: 1. Safe work environment. It seems obvious, but employee working areas must be safe from all potential hazards (both naturally occurring and man-made). 2. Safe work equipment. Again, it seems obvious but can be overlooked. 3. Investing in your safety department. Equip your safety department with adequate resources, from experienced, knowledgeable safety professionals to training materials. 4. Hiring “safe” people. Consistent attention should be paid in the hiring process to seek and hire individuals who indicate high levels of overall general “responsible behavior.” 5. Eff ective training. Comprehensive, continuous, and thorough employee safety training is critical for best results. Training is not a one-time “fl a- vor of the month” thing; it should be ever-present and ongoing. Equip your safety department with adequate resources, from experienced

t’s all too easy to launch a fun, exciting em- knowledgeable safety professionals to ployee safety reward program. Put up lots of training materials. colorful safety theme posters, hand out theme I Why Ongoing? buttons, kick it off with a pizza lunch, and announce some great prizes/rewards for achieving It should be ongoing because things change. Safety safety goals. laws, legislation, and safety practices, along with While safety recognition programs can be high- possibly the work environment, equipment, mately eff ective at changing or reinforcing employee rials, and products, change. safety behavior, to ensure real success in your over- Perhaps the biggest reason training must be on- all program, there are a number of critical safety going is because of your employees. Th ey’re human program components that must be in place fi rst. beings, and human nature makes people do silly Otherwise, your overall company safety results may things. Th ey may be tired or thinking about per- fall well short of your program goals. sonal issues while on the job. Perhaps they’re anx- Eff ective employee safety programs are critical ious to complete an assignment, fi nish up a project, for all manufacturing companies. Th ey must start or meet a production goal. Th en there’s always em- from the top down in the organization. Senior ployee turnover and new hires to consider. company leaders must continuously and visibly Th e reasons are many, but mistakes and acci- endorse and support the overall importance of the dents can and do happen. Th at is why continuous,

36 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

The Home Depot® Corporate Gift Card program can help you motivate and reward your employees, acquire new customers, and thank your best clients while inspiring the doer in everyone. Your dedicated Sales Agent will be your point of contact throughout the process and in the future, to help create a customized program tailored for your business. That’s the power of The Home Depot.

866-232-9039 homedepotgiftcard.com CIRCLE 36 ON CARD

Untitled-4 1 5/3/13 12:30 PM Employee Gift s & Incentives

Comprehensive, continuous, and thorough employee safety sure is applied to encourage an employee not to follow company policies and report training is critical for best results. an accident he’s had.) ongoing training serves as a reminder/ the safety program. Consider gift cards, 8. Celebrate the success. “Excellent reinforcement of how to work safely and merchandise premiums, etc. companies make extraordinary use of why it must be ingrained in your organi- Nominal rewards can be handed out, celebrating the winning once it occurs” zation, 24/7, 365 days a year. such as $5 gift cards. Overall safety pro- is a valuable quote from the famous book gram themes can be imprinted on many In Search of Excellence. Sadly, for most The Carrot or the Stick? merchant gift cards to reinforce your of us, we’re not going to play in the Su- At times, employees must change their safety program message/theme. per Bowl or hit that three-point shot to behavior if it’s not at an acceptable safety 3. Attendance at training classes. win an NBA championship. Our work is level. Equally, if the behavior is at a highly Have fun. Recognize and thank em- a huge part of our lives. In many ways, it’s acceptable level, this means your employ- ployees for attending/participating. An- our Super Bowl. Let’s treat it as such and ees are really making the required eff ort nounce throughout the safety training reinforce and recognize our employees continuously to be safe. We all know we classes that quizzes will take place, with when they achieve and maintain required like to be recognized for overall eff orts/ everyone or the fi rst to answer the ques- levels of employee safety. job performance. tions correctly getting a gift card. 9. What type of rewards to use? Th ere It’s really “the carrot and the stick” ap- Perhaps at the end of the training are many diff erent types of rewards out proach. Volumes have been written and class, you can award a special “mystery there, from T-shirts to trophies, merchan- studies done indicating the “stick” ap- prize” gift card (no one knows the card dise premiums, and gift cards. Company- proach can work only so far, and for over- brand or the denomination). logoed items are nice, but they are not con- all most eff ective employee behavioral Consider dividing classes into teams sidered highly motivational by employees change or overall maintenance of high for fun competition. Th e more fun your because they’re seen as a type of company levels of employee performance, the “car- safety training class is, the more your em- or program advertising. Merchandise is rot” approach is more eff ective. ployees are going to learn about safety. expensive, and it is very diffi cult to deter- “I don’t have a safety program recog- 4. Conduct quarterly safety tests or mine what a diverse group of employees nition budget — it costs too much” can be quizzes, with those who achieve a specifi c really would like to earn or receive. a typical response. Th e great news is that score receiving an award. 10. Gift cards are hot. Gift cards con- an employee safety recognition program 5. Catch someone doing the job tinue to grow in popularity in safety pro- doesn’t have to cost a lot. If it’s part of an right. All supervisors, plant managers, grams because: overall and eff ective employee safety pro- and managers in general should seek out ■ Th ey allow employees to choose gram, far from costing anything, it can opportunities to catch employees work- their own reward. generate a positive return on investment ing safely, using the right safety equip- ■ Th ey are cost-eff ective for employ- by helping to reduce the number of acci- ment and clothing, and following safe ers and generally can be purchased at or dents on the job. work practices. Tell them — recognize close to face value, with no middleman Th ese are key components in an ef- the employee on the spot, in front of his markups. fective employee safety reward program, or her peers, and give him or her a recog- ■ Th ey are easy to hand out and once all other safety program elements nition reward, such as a gift card. present. are in place: 6. You can establish a more formal ■ Th ey are easy to use at the retailer, 1. Program communication. “Shout employee safety recognition program for online, or through a toll-free number. it out!” Program communication must individuals, teams, shift s, or the plant as ■ Th ey come in many denomina- be continuous, fun, visible, and colorful. a whole. tions, starting from as low as $5, so they Pick a program theme. Consider post- 7. Set performance goals. Ensure the can fi t any safety recognition budget. ers, banners, the employee newsletter, the goals are: employee website, a corporate voicemail/ S. Specifi c email message from the CEO, an imprint- M. Measurable Rory Smith ([email protected]) is ed message on paycheck stubs, etc. A. Action oriented director of sales for the Royal Performance Hold a fun kickoff meeting. Music, R. Realistic Group, a leading provider of safety reward balloons, pizza lunch, coff ee/donuts work T. Time bound and promotional programs that runs many well. Hand out company-logo pens, drink (Note: If a key measurement is “re- diverse safety programs annually. RPG spe- bottles, T-shirts, etc., announce the pro- ported accidents,” care must be taken to cializes in providing more than 100 leading gram, and explain it in detail. ensure that neither the reward program gift card brands, such as Shell, Visa, Wal- 2. Build a reward component into nor any type of inappropriate peer pres- Mart, Starbucks, Target, iTunes, and more.

38 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_036_038_Smith_v2.indd 38 5/8/13 11:21 AM CIRCLE 28 ON CARD

Untitled-1 1 7/23/12 11:07 AM Employee Gift s & Incentives Tangible Incentive Programs Improve Safety Results It is a best practice to integrate training within the safety incentive program. BY IRA OZER

ut there is a catch. Safety incentive pro- goods, housewares, travel, digital music, artwork, grams must be structured and adminis- gift cards, etc. During the past 30 years, the IMA Btered correctly or they will not achieve and other industry research organizations, such the desired results of eff ective safe be- as the Incentive Research Foundation (IRF), have havior reinforcement and lasting behavior change. tracked, gathered, and analyzed data to under- Instead, as many safety professionals have experi- stand and prove how and why tangible incentive enced, when incentives are used improperly, they programs work to motivate and engage people to fi nd that all they have run was an ineff ective con- improve their performance and create behavior test or promotion, and the gift s given seemed to be change. Th e IMA has created a curriculum for money wasted. training and certifi cation of industry professionals, Th e Incentive Marketing Association (IMA) and here are some of the fundamental principles: is the leading standards-setting organization in 1. Structured program. To work eff ectively, an the $44 billion incentive industry, with members incentive program must be aligned with the strate- comprised of engagement consultants, perfor- gic objectives of the company and viewed as a long- mance improvement agencies, incentive technol- term performance improvement initiative, not a ogy companies, and suppliers of all types of tan- short-term contest. Rules must be designed to mo- gible merchandise, including electronics, sporting tivate and engage the targeted participants, which

40 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_040_044_Ozer_v3.indd 40 5/14/13 11:02 AM Safety First... Rewards to Follow! Give your employees mouthwatering Omaha Steaks®

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Untitled-3 1 5/8/13 6:00 PM Employee Gift s & Incentives

It might be worthwhile to publicize the top safety performers by people for achieving specifi ed performance objectives (actions and results) in their local newspapers to add to the amount of “social and recognition is awarded to people recognition” they receive. for having accomplished results that are above and beyond the basic expectations in the case of safety incentives generally reinforcement. To accomplish this most of the job. To determine the best type of are people who work in a manual labor ca- eff ectively, it is a best practice to integrate incentives to off er — whether a specifi c pacity, such as factory and/or warehouse training within the safety incentive pro- merchandise selection from “plateaus” at workers, drivers, and their managers. gram. Many incentive technology plat- various price points or a broad, points- From a structural perspective, it is usually forms provide this tool, along with the based catalog, gift cards, travel, or other best to award people right aft er proper ability to award a small number of award options — it is important to consider behaviors are observed and actions are points for taking the quizzes and answer- what will motivate the participants, based taken because these are leading indicators ing a specifi ed number of the questions on their demographics and psychograph- of success. Examples of proper behaviors correctly and for achieving increasing ics, for the potential value of awards they include safe lift ing and the consistent use levels of certifi cation. Reports that show can reasonably earn during the program of safety goggles, and actions include tak- incorrect answers can be used by manag- period. It is also important to determine ing safety training classes and quizzes. ers to provide remedial training and posi- the best method with which to recognize When safety incentive programs are inef- tive reinforcement. the recipients for their accomplishments, fective, it is usually because they are struc- 4. Tracking and reporting. It is im- whether on an individual basis or in a tured based on giving people awards aft er portant to track all aspects of the program more formal presentation in front of their safety results have been achieved, such as to determine the level of engagement and peers, such as at an employee meeting. It “X” number of days without an accident. success, as well as ways the program can might be worthwhile to publicize the top Although results like this are certainly the be improved. Safety incentive programs safety performers in their local newspa- objective, the problem with this structure are not static, but rather living campaigns pers to add to the amount of “social rec- is that it oft en leads to under-reporting of that should be continuously monitored ognition” they receive. accidents, along with processes that are and improved, with changes made to not being followed properly, so no lasting rules, duration, communications, train- Best Practices Case Studies behavior change occurs and ultimately ing, and focused promotions. Many in- Bill Sims, Jr., president of the Bill Sims long-term results are poor. Results are centive platforms allow administrators to Company, reports that during 2011, a a “lagging indicator” of safety incentive view and download reports for all types large home services company based in program success. of program and performance metrics. the Southeast used its Smartcard be- 2. Communications campaign. Th e 5. Coaching and reinforcement. havior-based recognition system, which program must include a well-planned Th is is a critical component of safety focuses on leading indicators to provide campaign of ongoing communications programs. Managers must be trained to positive reinforcement for safe behaviors before, during, and aft er the incentive pe- observe and coach participants in a posi- instead of the more prevalent lagging in- riod to bring attention to the program and tive, caring way and not as “safety police,” dicator systems. He explains that OSHA the safe behaviors and objectives that are which people avoid. All employees know frowns on lagging indicator programs desired. Communications generally in- it is in their best interests to do work due to concerns about injury hiding. clude workplace posters, notices, branded safely and to avoid injuries and lost work In the pilot program, the client docu- promotional items, letters to the home, time, but much like weight loss and exer- mented a more than 30 percent decrease manager tools, and, where appropriate, cise programs, it is painful for people to in lost-time injuries, vehicle crashes, and game pieces, award certifi cates, and other change our habits. We can do so more ef- general liability claims, with a 478 percent ways to award people “on the spot.” fectively if we have a coach helping us in return on investment. As one manager 3. Training and certifi cation. Partici- a trusted way and providing continuous explained, “we are discussing things from pants must know how to work safely and reinforcement. a safety perspective that we’ve never dis- the procedures they are expected to fol- 6. Rewards and recognition. People cussed before and before we started the low and demonstrate them on the job. It respond positively when they are reward- Smartcard system, we had workers take is not enough to comply and attend safety ed for their eff orts and enjoy receiving rec- shortcuts and break safety rules, but we training classes because this doesn’t en- ognition in a meaningful way. Th ese two never talked about it. We’ve gone from sure learning has occurred, nor that it will terms are oft en used interchangeably, but not wanting a reprimand to actually talk- be incorporated into safer behaviors. It is according to Recognition Professionals ing about it in a more positive way.” An- important to provide safety training quiz- International (RPI), the key distinctions other manager said, “I like the theory be- zes, ideally with certifi cation and ongoing are that rewards are incentives earned hind it. Th e focus on the reward is there,

42 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_040_044_Ozer_v3.indd 42 5/14/13 11:02 AM REWARD WITH WINGS AND EMPLOYEES WILL BRING THEIR A–GAME

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Untitled-2 1 5/14/13 10:47 AM Employee Gift s & Incentives ASSE One reason programs fail is they often don’t involve supervisors, who are the most infl uential people to directly encourage and coach employees to achieve safety results through improved behaviors. and people are thinking about safety 90 percent of the awards were redeemed more than ever before.” online, even though a mail-in alternative “Firms with existing legacy incentive was available. Th e company had originally systems, which are lagging indicator- presumed that many of the participants based, are moving into leading indicator might not have Internet access. systems that track and are measurable because it allows them in a scientifi c way to Why Some Safety Incentive change behavior for the good,” Sims said. Programs Fail Saro Hartounian, CEO of Harco In- According to Richard Pollock, CSP, presi- centive Solutions, reports that a safety dent and founder of Comprehensive Loss incentive program that focuses on train- Management (CLMI), a leading safety ing can be extremely eff ective because training company, tangible incentives the application of knowledge at work is can work and should be included within Richard Pollock, CSP, said there are three reasons why incentive programs often fail. a leading indicator that safety results will safety programs, but programs oft en fail be accomplished. He cites a program his for these reasons: with, including knowing the hazards of company has run for more than seven 1. Many programs don’t reward indi- the workplace; developing control sys- years with Ajax Paving, one of the largest viduals for specifi c behaviors, but instead tems that employees need to know and highway paving companies in the United off er groups of people rewards when col- follow, including processes, equipment, States. In this program, highway paving lective goals are achieved, such as no lost- and machinery; training employees and workers are awarded for taking online time accidents for the month. Th ese pro- supervisors; an audit inspection process quizzes based on material shown in the grams oft en reward people who have not to ensure controls are being followed; and program’s website and presented in week- demonstrated improved safety behaviors, having an eff ective safety communica- ly safety training meetings. Th e award but rather are just lucky. tions campaign. points are redeemable from a catalog of 2. When the group goal is not From the perspective of performance personally selectable gift s, which has led achieved — for example, a lost-time ac- improvement, it is also a best practice to to much higher levels of engagement, accident occurs — the program is discon- integrate the safety incentive program cording to Safety Manager Mandy Kustra. tinued and no rewards are given, even within an overall employee engagement Participants not only score higher on the to the people who have worked hard to system that includes manager and peer- safety training quizzes, but also demon- demonstrate safe behaviors. Worse, when to-peer recognition, suggestion sub- strate safer behaviors on the job, which these programs off er increasingly greater missions and innovation collaboration, leads to lower accident rates, reduced awards and as more months that go by service awards, and new employee and insurance and medical costs, and reduc- without a reported incident or lost-time customer referrals. tions in related job site delays. accident, peer pressure encourages people Brian Galonek, president of All Star In- to hide and not report injuries. Th is can Ira Ozer, CPIM, is president of Engage- centive Marketing, reports that a tangible result in increasingly dangerous behaviors ment Partners, a consulting company safety incentive program it ran for a major and work environments, which concerns that designs and administers safety incen- solid waste management company had OSHA and many safety professionals. tive and other performance improvement extremely positive results. Th e program 3. Programs oft en don’t involve su- programs that motivate people to improve involved 20,000 truck drivers in 600 divi- pervisors, who are the most infl uential business results by eff ectively changing sions and awarded points for the promo- people to directly encourage and coach behaviors. He has 30 years of experience tion of safe work habits, reinforcement of employees to achieve safety results designing and implementing incentive safety training, and improving the safety through improved behaviors. programs and has been designated a Certi- culture overall. Divisions that participated Pollock emphasizes that tangible in- fi ed Professional of Incentive Management in the program doubled the reduction centives are an important part of the by the Incentive Marketing Association. He of claims versus non-participating ones. mix to motivate people, however, it is can be reached at 914-238-2220, iraozer@ Galonek attributes this to rewarding in- fi rst essential to ensure the company has engagementpartners, www.engagement- dividuals, not teams. He also reports that a solid safety program in place to begin partners.com.

44 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_040_044_Ozer_v3.indd 44 5/14/13 11:02 AM Employee Gift s & Incentives Building a Culture of Safety Gift card safety incentive programs are most eff ective when employees are incentivized based upon both lagging and leading metrics. BY MELISSA PALADINO

ositive changes in safety habits are encour- — small injuries can quickly become infected and aged and accomplished by consistent rec- increase in severity in the turkey processing indus- Pognition. Safety incentive programs ulti- try — it found that a multifaceted safety incentive mately save the company money, but they program would enable the company to incentivize also can foster teamwork, lead to mutual respect employees eff ectively. Th rough the program, Heart- between management and employees, and improve land went from 285 lost-time injuries to 14 in only communication — in addition to helping to reduce 18 months. Th e program also has resulted in more your company’s health care costs and the time loss than 200 employee reports on unsafe conditions that comes with injury and disability. Rewarding that brought about proactive corrective actions.3 safe work habits with an incentives program indicates that it has value to the organization and en- Cash vs. Gift Cards for Incentive Use courages your people to stay safe on the job. Not all safety incentive programs are created equal. A study on the eff ectiveness of safety incentive Studies have found that when cash is used as an in- programs conducted by the Society of Incentive and centive, it is oft en spent on everyday expenses (e.g., Travel Executives (SITE) Foundation found that bill paying, paying for a tank of gas). As a result, safety incentives work extremely well. According to cash recipients are less likely to experience a cash the study’s fi ndings, only eight percent of the work- reward as a “special occasion” or to associate the ers surveyed would have achieved their goals with- reward with a sense of accomplishment. out an incentive program.1 Further, the study found However, gift cards have the eff ect of encour- that tangible incentives (such as gift cards) increased aging recipients to enjoy a “special occasion” (e.g., work performance by an average of 22 percent. purchasing a long-desired item).4 In comparison Indeed, leading companies such as Marriott Ho- to other types of incentives, gift cards “will appeal tels, Frito Lay, Hamilton Beach, Kraft Foods, Exxon, to everybody in your company, regardless of their and the U.S. Postal Service have implemented safety interests.”5 Th e broad appeal and special occasion incentive programs. Forward-thinking fi rms are status of gift cards leaves a lasting impression and adopting safety incentive programs for two simple serves to distinguish a gift card incentive as a spe- reasons: Th ey work, and they benefi t the bottom cial reward rather than as a presumed benefi t. line. For example, a major Department of Defense contractor decreased accidents by more than 55 Avoiding Common Pitfalls and percent for a savings of $1.6 million annually.2 Building a Culture of Safety Heartland Foods, a Minnesota turkey processor, Smart incentive programs reward both lagging sought to decrease the number of its workers receiv- and leading safety metrics.6 Lagging safety metrics ing worker’s compensation. Although management detail past performance, such as the rate of work- initially was concerned that a safety incentive pro- place incidents. For example, employees would be gram could lead workers to under-report injuries rewarded for:

www.ohsonline.com JUNE 2013 | Occupational Health & Safety 45

0613ohs_045_046_Paladino_v3.indd 45 5/14/13 11:03 AM Employee Gift s & Incentives

The program should stress upper management’s tive program should refl ect the diversity of safety issues present commitment to safety and convey enthusiasm in a workplace. 3. Find a focus. Having a central theme reminds participants for the program. of the goal that management wants its employees to achieve. ■ No accidents 4. Select appropriate prizes with increasing value. Th e prizes ■ No incidents of any kind (e.g., property damage) should be meaningful and should refl ect the hoped-for sense of ■ No environmental incidents (e.g., spills, etc.) accomplishment provided to successful program participants. Leading metrics detail proactive or precautionary safety 5. Establish duration. Using intermittent incentive pro- measures (e.g., safety training attendance, employee reports on grams maintains employee interest and allows the incentive pro- risk factors). Th ese proactive measures create a safety-conscious gram to emphasize various safety issues. Th ough intermittent, culture and lead to savings down the road. For example, employ- safety programs may be long-term or short-term. ees should be rewarded for:7 6. Communicate the goal. Th e program should stress up- ■ Reporting injuries immediately, no matter how minor per management’s commitment to safety and convey enthusi- ■ Using safe procedures and practices asm for the program. Th e program also should work to provide ■ Complying with all safety rules signifi cant recognition to safety-oriented individuals. Th e safety ■ Warning co-workers about safety issues, hazards, or dan- incentive plan should communicate to workers that the com- gerous situations pany believes that safety and health are important, that workers ■ Submitting safety suggestions understand how to achieve the desired results, and that regular ■ Participating on safety committees or teams performance monitoring is provided. Gift card safety incentive programs are most eff ective when Using these six proven steps to design an eff ective safety in- employees are incentivized based upon both types of metrics. Th is centive program can “turn good safety management into spec- balanced approach encourages an overall culture of safety, ensur- tacular safety management,” leading to signifi cant cost savings.11 ing that an incentive program does not lead to unintended results, Each of these six steps is critical in implementing a successful such as underreporting of workplace incidents, while still provid- safety incentive program, but making sure you fi nd a reward that ing feedback on outcomes such as incident rates. Both OSHA and delights every unique individual is even more important. the National Safety Council promote smart incentive programs.8 Melissa Paladino is B2B Marketing Communications Manager at Designing an Effective Safety Incentive Program GC Incentives , a Division of Gift Certifi cates.com, in Omaha, Neb. Th ere are six common steps to eff ective safety incentive pro- Th e company’s™ SuperCertifi cate REWARD, redeemable for more grams:9,10 than 200 brand-name gift cards,® gives employees the choice of how 1. Decide your objective. Th ere must be a fi rm sense of what to spend their reward. With no expiration date or loss of value, the the safety incentive program will accomplish. SuperCertifi cate® can be redeemed for one gift card or a combina- 2. Target your participants. Diff erent types of work will re- tion of gift cards. Visit www.gcincentives.com or call 877-737- quire diff erent types of incentive programs. An eff ective incen- 0200 for more information.

REFERENCES 1. Smith, S. “Safety Incentives: It’s Not Just a Breakfast Anymore.” EHS Today. June 17, 2002. http://ehstoday.com/safety/incentives/ehs_imp_35557 2. Ibid. 3. Sims, B. “How Successful Safety Incentive Programs Reduce Injuries Without Injury Hiding.” March 2012. http://safetyincentives.com/how-successful-safety- incentive-programs-reduce-injuries-without-injury-hiding/ 4. “Employee Incentive Programs Encourage On-the-Job Safety.” Genins. http://www.genins.com/img/~www.genins.com/commercial%20lines%20articles/ employee%20incentive%20programs%20encourage%20on-the-job%20safety.pdf 5. Smith, E. “Facility Safety Incentive Gift Ideas.” Houston Chronicle. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/facility-safety-incentive-gift-ideas-18925.html 6. Atkinson, W. “Safety Incentive Programs: What Works?” EHS Today. August 2004. http://ehstoday.com/safety/incentives/ehs_imp_37145 7. Dandes, R. “Health, Well-Being Come First: Effective Safety Incentive Programs Can Help Cut Spending.” Premium Incentive Products. September 2010. http://www.pipmag.com/feature_print.php?fi d=201009fe05 8. Doyle, A. “Inside Safety Incentive Programs.” Incentive Magazine. January 2013. http://www.incentivemag.com/Incentive-Programs/Non-Sales/Articles/ Inside-Safety-Incentive-Programs/ 9. “Michigan Municipal Workers’ Compensation Fund - Safety and Health Resource Manual.” Michigan Municipal League. http://www.mml.org/insurance/ shared/publications/s_and_h_manual/3g.pdf 10. “Cost Benefi t Analysis of Safety Incentive Programs - Industrial Code Rule 60.” New York State Department of Labor,http://www.labor.state.ny.us/worker- protection/safetyhealth/PDFs/WSLP/Cost%20Benefi t%20Safety.pdf 11. Sims, B. Op. cit.

46 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

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Untitled-4 1 5/3/13 10:47 AM DEFIBRILLATORS & CPR Keys to Boosting CPR Quality

Dr. Bentley J. Bobrow discusses the lessons for ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES BUREAU OF EMS & TRAUMA SYSTEM employers in a study that involved resuscitation training and AEDs that provide real-time CPR feedback. BY JERRY LAWS recent study that tested a method for improving EMTs’ performance of cardio- Apulmonary resuscitation has important lessons for how trained responders in the workplace can be taught to perform it better, said Dr. Bentley J. Bobrow, M.D., FACEP, medical director for the Arizona Department of Health Services’ Bureau of EMS and Trauma System. He is the study’s lead author. “We’re learning more and more just how important CPR quality is. To not just do CPR, but to do CPR well, and what exactly does that mean,” Bobrow said. “Th ere is mounting evidence that there is an Dr. Bentley J. Bobrow, M.D., FACEP, medical director for the enormous diff erence between outcomes for cardiac Arizona Department of Health Services’ Bureau of EMS and Trauma System arrest victims when they have good-quality CPR and bad-quality CPR. It’s also really challenging to do survived and went home with their families.” high-quality CPR, we think especially without the as- While it tested this method for only a brief period, sistance of some technology that can help people do the study sheds light on how companies can keep peo- high-quality CPR.” ple profi cient in recognizing cardiac arrest and know- CPR is a complex series of motor skills that is chal- ing how to do high-quality CPR and how to use a lenging even for those who are expert at it, let alone public access defi brillator. “It’s not a complex problem. for someone who takes courses every few years and It’s really just an implementation and training issue,” never has the opportunity to practice and receive Bobrow said. “You really want people to understand feedback, he said. what to do. You can learn bystander CPR very briefl y, Th e study, published online recently by Annals of but you’re unlikely to use it for a long, long, long time, Emergency Medicine, involved scenario-based resus- sometimes years later. citation training and a “pit crew” model, with speci- “I personally think that CPR quality needs im- fi ed roles for those on the responder team, utilized provement everywhere. I’ve seen enough real-life by the Mesa Fire and Medical Department in Mesa, CPR to know it’s really, really diffi cult to do. I’m not Ariz. Th e EMTs used AEDs that provided real-time saying everyone will achieve these results; some might audio and visual feedback on their performance, achieve better results. But I think that we can dramati- and they participated in debriefi ng sessions. Bobrow cally improve our CPR quality, and that will lead to described these as “a very teachable moment” when a signifi cant improvement in survival,” Bobrow said. those who have performed CPR are motivated to “Across the country, if we did this, we would likely improve their performance the next time. Th e Mesa have thousands — if not tens of thousands — of sur- EMTs received one-page, graphical depictions of vivors a year from cardiac arrest if we implemented how well they had done it. this type of CPR quality improvement program every- Th e combination was stunningly successful, where. It’s very doable.” Bobrow and his colleagues found. “We more than doubled survival, and this is remarkable, especially Improving Lay Rescuers’ CPR because the survival rate in this city was already sig- Th e 2010 American Heart Association guidelines nifi cantly higher than the national average. And their stress high-quality CPR, and a new AHA guideline survival rate in the post period, aft er they implement- statement explaining how to measure and achieve ed, was 56 percent. More than one out of two people high-quality CPR is imminent, Bobrow said. who had a sudden cardiac arrest, and their heart was Achieving it with lay rescuers is a challenge, but in ventricular fi brillation when the EMS providers AEDs are available that provide real-time feedback. got there, more than one out of two of those patients Asked whether the training that worked so well for

48 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_048_049_aed_v4.indd 48 5/14/13 12:47 PM the EMTs could somehow be given to members of the general public, Bobrow mentioned lay rescuers who are trained in teams to respond on site. “Th ey should do simulations, and they should do TRANSFER KNOWLEDGE. them frequently. Th e model is really to do frequent, small simu- TRANSFORM PERFORMANCE. lations.” He said he knows of one hospital that placed a manikin on a cart and moved it around so employees could perform a few Increase safety awareness and improve your safety minutes of CPR practice each month. “Th at’s really what needs to culture with the help of award-winning learning and consulting solutions from DuPont. Our versatile happen,” he said. technologies, compelling content and safety know-how SHARE, Save Hearts in Arizona Registry and Education, is help reinforce safe behavior and protect your employees a statewide program the bureau started in 2004 with the goal of from injury and illness while strengthening your having Arizona achieve the world’s best survival rate from cardiac business – because a happier and healthier workforce is emergencies. SHARE’s website (www.azshare.gov) is a trove of CPR more productive. and AED information and resources for schools, businesses, the Put DuPont’s real-world experience to work for you. public, emergency medical services, and hospitals, including an in- vitation for businesses to be recognized as “Heart Safe.” Call 888-205-3784 or visit Also on the site are stories from some of the more than 1,000 www.training.dupont.com sudden cardiac arrest survivors in Arizona. for more information. ‘It’s the Difference Between Life and Death’ One of the stories recounts Kathy Sekardi’s sudden cardiac arrest episode on Aug. 1, 2012. Sekardi, 53 at the time, works in down- VERSATILE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES town Phoenix for a state agency. Stricken during the lunch hour, • CoastalFlix™ streaming video she was saved by co-workers who performed CPR and a facility • DuPont™ eLearning Suite manager who quickly arrived with an AED, along with Phoenix Fire Department EMTs and medical personnel at St. Joseph’s Hos- pital and Medical Center. Sekardi said she’d had no health issues ENGAGING CONTENT before that day. She returned to work six weeks later. “When this whole thing • Safety happened, I didn’t realize until I actually came back to work how • DuPont™ STOP™ • Human Resources traumatizing this was to a lot of my co-workers who not only wit- • Maintenance & Reliability nessed this but worked on me and were in the offi ce, and they were aware of everything that was going on,” she said during an April 18 interview. “I’m really grateful that my agency even brought in CONSULTING SERVICES some counselors for people to speak with them, which I thought was a great idea. • Employee safety, contractor safety “I know that some of my co-workers went and visited their and process safety doctors aft erward to make sure that they were okay. We’ve taken • Operational risk management CPR classes. Our agency is also making sure that a couple of times • Learning & development a year, these classes are available for anybody who wants to take them, and it’s hands on,” she continued. “When you go to work, you never think you may never come back home. Th at’s something I’m very, very aware of these days. And any time I go anywhere, I think, ‘Where are the AED units? Do they have them? How can I position myself?’ And I’m always looking for the opportunity in case this should happen to somebody else.… I’m glad that my family knows what to do now, a lot of my friends know what to do now. I’ve posted on Facebook diff erent training videos and what people should be looking for.” Speaking about AEDs, Sekardi said, “I would think, if I were an employer, ‘I want my people to go home at the end of the day.’ And if costs $1,200 for a machine to give you the peace of mind to know that if this kind of an event is going to happen on your fl oor, for goodness sakes … this simple, little machine could be the difference in them going home at night, or going to the hospital. It’s the diff erence between life and death, and that is everything.”

Copyright © 2013 Coastal Training Technologies Corp. All rights reserved. The Jerry Laws is the editor of Occupational Health & Safety. DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™, The miracles of science™ and all products denoted with ® or ™ are registered or trademarks or trademarks of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. www.ohsonline.com Circle 10 on card. See us at ASSE, Booth 1331

0613ohs_048_049_aed_v4.indd 49 5/14/13 12:47 PM RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Respiratory 101

“I usually tell class participants that condi- stares where they say, ‘Really? Th ere’s supposed to be a written program?’ tions have probably changed, processes have “I think what happens is through positions rolling changed in fi ve, ten, fi fteen years, and you through and promotions or fi rings, people just lose should constantly be sampling and updating track of that documentation. And even if they have it, it’s out of date or hasn’t been visited for a while. I think your initial exposure assessment results.” that’s probably one of the big issues. Another one that BY JERRY LAWS goes hand in hand with that is lack of training.… I omething David C. Roskelley sees frequent- have a sneaking suspicion that if you went out and ly when he teaches respiratory protection asked the rank and fi le who are wearing respirators, Sclasses for the University of Utah Rocky asking them specifi c questions, you would likely get Mountain Center for Occupational and En- some of the blank stares.” vironmental Health is students who are following a Roskelley said he had a hazardous materials job predecessor’s written plan but don’t know whether the while in college. “My boss literally threw a [half fa- recommendations in it still apply at their workplaces. cepiece respirator] at me and said, ‘Here you go.’ No Roskelley, MSPH, CIH, CSP, said he also fi nds fi t test, no medical surveillance, nothing. He just many students haven’t done fi t testing or an exposure said, ‘Here you go, wear this.’ I didn’t even know how assessment and lack a written program entirely. it worked. I knew there were fi lters on it,” he said. “I think that’s one of the challenges in the health “I’m afraid that happens. I know it happens out in and safety fi eld to begin with: A lot of times, the safety the fi eld, where people are just given a respirator and guy is the guy who showed up late to a meeting or very little training.” drew the short straw. And the boss says, ‘OK, you’re He said as one training class was about to begin, the safety guy now.’ And he was originally a heavy one student donned his half-face negative pressure equipment operator,” Roskelley said. respirator upside down, and so the part that was sup- “Defi ciencies are widespread, and there are many posed to go over the bridge of his nose was down un- of them.” der his chin. A Chicago native, Roskelley has a master’s degree in public health with an emphasis in industrial hy- Few Students Understand giene from RMCOEH and teaches a variety of courses Changeout Schedules there as an adjunct faculty member. He is a director Few students understand how to develop or use a car- for the American Board of Industrial Hygiene and is tridge changeout schedule. “Most of them don’t know the founding partner of R&R Environmental, Inc., an what a changeout schedule is or that one even exists. EHS consulting fi rm based in Sandy, Utah. He’s been A lot of them have just adopted what their predeces- teaching respiratory protection courses for about 15 sor did, and they don’t really understand the back- years, Roskelley said. ground or why they’re even using the cartridge or the “I think one of the big defi ciencies is having no respirator that they’re using, let alone that it needs to written program,” he said. “It’s always interesting to be changed out,” he said. meet people, and you see the wheels turning when I Roskelley advises his students to visit the OSHA mention the written respiratory protection program. website because it lists ways to estimate respiratory I’ve had people raise their hands in class and say, ‘Are cartridge service life and has an advisory genius tool we supposed to have a policy in place?’ I’m betting it (http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/advi- exists at your facility. You may not know where it is. sor_genius_nrdl/advisor_genius.html) to help visitors But if OSHA shows up, it’s pretty much low-hanging develop a changeout schedule based on their workers’ fruit for them. Th ey want to get a copy of the program exposures. He also steers them to the NIOSH website’s and examine it. respirator selection logic document (http://www.cdc. “With most of the OSHA standards, there’s usu- gov/niosh/docs/87-108/). ally a written component,” he added. “I always tell Roskelley also teaches courses for RMCOEH on students, ‘Have this stuff at your fi ngertips if you get lead and asbestos. He said about 30 percent of his time audited. Th ey’re going to ask for it. Th at’s half the is devoted to teaching and 70 percent to his consulting battle.’ So, hopefully, if you’ve got your fi ngers on it, practice for R&R Environmental, whose professionals you know what’s in there. But without having some have done work in western United States and Canada. written policy, I don’t know how they would manage “It’s always interesting to teach. Th e respiratory a respiratory program, how they would even deal with protection course we teach at the university is just a it. But it’s always kind of amazing to get those blank two-day class. It’s designed for someone who may be

50 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_050_052_laws_v2.indd 50 5/8/13 11:23 AM CIRCLE 33 ON CARD

Untitled-4 1 4/30/13 12:06 PM RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

new to respiratory protection, or they’re in the health and safety fi eld and they’ve been tasked to take over as the lead [person] on respiratory protection. “It’s a really quick, invasive class on respiratory protection; it’s really not for beginners. If you can’t spell respiratory protection, it might not be the class for you. But we do get beginners in there, and it does get challenging to teach someone who’s experienced and just wants an update and someone who really has a hard time knowing anything about respirators.” He said he frequently instructs managers of respiratory protection programs who don’t even know why their workers are wearing the level of protection that they’re wearing. “Maybe it was documented years ago, and they’re still using the same type of respirators. I usually tell folks that conditions have probably changed, processes have changed in fi ve, ten, fi ft een years, and you should constantly be sampling and updating your initial exposure assessment results, revisiting those from time to time.” Most people in his respiratory classes know about fi t testing and know that they have to retest annually, but not many know that a worker’s weight gain or loss, dental surgery, and other physical changes can necessitate fi t testing that worker prior to the next annual date. Another requirement in the OSHA standard, medical evaluation of a worker’s fi tness for duty, is supposed to be performed by a licensed health care provider. But more and more, Roskelley said he see certifi cates signed by chiropractors, nurses, and others who might not possess the necessary medical expertise to do this evaluation. ‘You Really Have People’s Lives in Your Hands’ Roskelley said he has noticed some progress during his 15 years of In a recent Defog It poll, 1 in teaching this topic. “Being optimistic, I’d like to say that there’s more 4 workers reported frequent awareness. By and large, I would say awareness has increased,” he said. “You still get a lot of the same retread stuff , somebody just tak- problems with fogged ing over for somebody who’s been there for fi ve years and they don’t safety eyewear. know how to spell respirator or why they’re even doing the things they’re doing. I think it’s important that you know why you’re wear- Defog It anti fog ing that level of protection and that it’s still valid for what you’re solves it like doing. Th at kind of scares me a little bit, but I think that just falls through the cracks. nothing else − “I try to stress the importance of respiratory protection,” he ex- against heat, plained. “You really have people’s lives, in some instances, certainly humidity, cold their health and well-being, in your hands. If you’re making the improper decision, maybe they’re protected 90 percent of the time, and exertion. but 10 percent of the time, you might be doing them harm. In 50 years, that means a couple of years off their life. Well, to somebody young, that doesn’t mean much. But to somebody with grandkids, you may want a couple of extra years on your life or you may want a little extra lung function because you want to play tennis in your 1.888.ENDSFOG golden years.” www.defogitworks.com Jerry Laws is editor of Occupational Health & Safety. Th e Continu- ing Education Program at the Rocky Mountain Center for Occupa- tional and Environmental Health (RMCOEH) at the University of Watch a video and request a free sample at: Utah is a primary OSH CE resource in HHS Region VIII, off ering info.defogitworks.com/OHSJUNE13 training in industrial hygiene, safety, hazardous waste, lead and Come see the demo at ASSE asbestos. Visit its website at http://medicine.utah.edu/rmcoeh/ contedprog/2013courseschedule.htm for a complete list of upcom- Booth 1947 ing training.

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Untitled-4 1 5/3/13 10:51 AM ELECTRICAL SAFETY Applying Personal Protective Grounds

BY JAMES R. WHITE like a whip, possibly breaking bones or knocking SHERMCO INDUSTRIES, INC. workers off structures. Linemen must be careful about where personal protective grounds are placed because they must create an equipotential zone and work within that zone. A.B. Chance is one source of information on personal protective grounds and has several good booklets and videos that go into great detail about placing grounds eff ectively. Figure 1 is a properly designed, properly installed ground set on a pad-mounted distribution transformer. Contrast this to Figure 2, which is very close to an act of suicide.

ersonal protective grounds go by several names in the industry: “temporary protec- Ptive grounds,” “ground sets,” “ground clusters,” or just plain “grounds.” Personal protective grounds are used whenever workers perform tasks on electrical power systems that may become reenergized for some reason, possibly by the reclosing Figure 1 of switches or circuit breakers, static voltages, induced NFPA 70E Section 120.3(B) Capacity states, voltages in outdoor substations or lines, and capaci- “Temporary protective grounding equipment shall be tive discharges. While most technicians think of using capable of conducting the maximum fault current that personal protective grounds when working on higher- could fl ow at the point of grounding for the time neces- voltage systems, they are also needed when working sary to clear the fault.” If the ampacity of any part of on low-voltage systems, especially when there may be the ground set is inadequate (cable, ferrule, or clamp) capacitors connected into the circuit (UPS systems or if the connection has high impedance due to a poor and variable frequency drives) or when the circuit connection or defect, the personal protective ground may be subject to one of the issues mentioned earlier. cluster could “fuse.” Th at’s a fancy way of saying it will Th e use of personal protective grounding is covered melt. Actually, it would probably vaporize, causing by OSHA 1910.269(n), “Grounding for the Protec- an arc fl ash. ASTM F-855, “Standard Specifi cations tion of Employees,” and the NFPA 70E Section 120.3, for Temporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on “Temporary Protective Grounding.” Both sources De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment,” contain very similar requirements. Table 1, provides the required cable sizes to meet the NFPA 70E Section 120.3(A) Placement states, requirements of this paragraph. Table 2 is used when “Temporary protective grounds (personal protective applications have a high X/R ratio. Th ere are two rat- grounds) are to be placed so that they do not expose ings given in Table 1, “withstand” and “ultimate.” employees to hazardous diff erences in potential. From ASTM F-855: Grounds cannot be placed too close to the worksite and ■ “3.1.5 ultimate capacity — this represents a cur- must be placed or secured so they cannot come into rent which it is calculated the component is capable of contact with people.” Grounds must be placed close conducting for the specifi ed time. It is expected that enough to protect workers, but not so close that they component damage may result. Th e component shall can strike them if the grounds should become reen- not be reused, except in test situations. ergized, especially due to fault-level currents. Th e ■ 3.1.6 withstand rating — this represents a near current fl owing through a ground cable can create a symmetrical current which shall be conducted without magnetic fi eld strong enough to make the cable snap any component being damaged suffi ciently to prevent

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0613ohs_054_060_White_v4.indd 54 5/14/13 11:04 AM Table 1 from ASTM F-855 Standard Specifi cations for Temporary Protective Grounds to Be Used on De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment ohsonline.com What’s on OH&S Online this Summer Upcoming Webinars - FREE! Predictive Analytics: How to Maximize Your Return on Investment from Your Safety Software System FREE! June 13, 2013 - 2:00 p.m. ET Sponsored by Predictive Solutions - an Industrial Scientifi c Company Combustible Dust: From Sparks to Fires to Explosions — Identifying Precursors to Catastrophic Events July 10, 2013 - 2:00 p.m. ET Sponsored by GreCon, Inc., Nilfi sk Industrial Vacuum Division, Fauske & Associates, LLC Free Archived Webinars t GHS, The United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System of Classifi cation and Labeling of Chemicals Has Arrived—Now What? Sponsored by MAXCOM Services Division of HAAS Group International, Inc. t Plus more! June Online Spotlight Features t Incentives Register and view webinars at t Defi brillators & CPR ohsonline.com/webcasts/list/webinars

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being operable and reusable. Th e protective placed on a transformer by a local utility ground shall be capable of passing a second worker. Th e steel links, along with their high test at this current aft er being cooled to am- interlink impedance, make this grounding bient temperature.” method extremely dangerous. And no, this NFPA 70E Section 120.3(C) Equip- is not an old picture! Th is type of ground- ment Approval states, “Personal protective ing practice is doubly dangerous: 1) it off ers grounding equipment must meet the require- virtually no protection at all and 2) whoever ments of ASTM F-855, Standard Specifi ca- placed that ground obviously thought they tion for Temporary Protective Grounds to be were protected. Stupid is as stupid does. Used on De-energized Electric Power Lines NFPA 70E Section 120.3(D) Imped- and Equipment.” Th is is to prevent people/ ance states, “Temporary protective ground- Figure 2 companies from using chains, welding ca- ing equipment and connections shall have conductors or circuit parts.” ASTM F-2499, bles and clamps, automotive jumper cables, an impedance low enough to cause im- “Standard Specifi cation for In-Service and other inappropriate types of grounding mediate operation of protective devices in Test Methods for Temporary Grounding jumpers. Figure 2 shows a ground that was case of accidental energizing of the electric Jumper Assemblies Used on De-Energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment,” contains tables that give the maximum resistance for ground cables if there is any [A CLEANER, SAFER doubt that they are serviceable. Safe Work Practices WAY TO TRAIN Th ere are a number of safety-related items that are not stated in either the OSHA regulations or the NFPA 70E. For safe use of personal protective grounding equipment, the following work practices should be observed: ■ Never use components for personal protective grounds that are not sized or approved for that purpose. Th ere are a zillion things that could be used, such as welding cables and clamps or automotive jumper cables, but when the short circuit current hits them, they vaporize or get blown off the conductor. Th e resulting arc fl ash will certainly damage equipment and could cause a fi re, injury, or death to nearby workers. ■ Use the grounding clamp that is designed to fi t the type of bus or connection you’re connecting to. As an example, don’t try to use a clamp designed for tubular bus on a fl at bus. It probably won’t hold if there’s a fault. And if you’re thinking, “It will do for now,” why put a ground on at all? If you’re going to roll the dice, go for broke! ■ Always test circuits for the absence of voltage before placing personal protec- THE BULLEX I.T.S. XTREME ™ IS YOUR IDEAL SOLUTION FOR tive grounds. Just because you know it’s HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAINING. de-energized doesn’t mean that it really is. Both OSHA and NFPA 70E state that all I.T.S. Xtreme allows you to provide clean-up or costly recharging. circuits are to be considered energized until training when and where it is Train employees using the P.A.S.S. tested and proven de-energized. convenient. Featuring compressed technique, and add TrashCan, ■ Always use live-dead-live testing air and water training extinguishers, Stove Top and Paint Locker props when performing absence of voltage tests. there is no need for time consuming for a more realistic experience. Test the voltage detector on a known live circuit, test all circuits that should be de- FIND OUT HOW AT energized, then retest the voltage detector > WWW.BULLEX.COM on a known live circuit. I have had several voltage detectors go bad aft er the initial

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Untitled-3 1 5/20/13 10:56 AM ELECTRICAL SAFETY

test. Following proper procedures, even when you are certain the circuit is dead, could save your life. Figure 3 is a sign at one utility’s substation. ■ Never, ever tap a circuit or device with a “static ground” to see if it is dead. Back in the day, I’ve seen electrical workers take a 12AWG wire and staple it to a broomstick handle. One end was

Figure 3 connected to ground while the other end was stripped bare. Th e bare end was used to tap the “de-energized” conductor to ensure it was dead. Th is is another form of suicide by ignorance. If the circuit is still energized, the short circuit current will probably vaporize the wire, creating an arc fl ash that can injure or kill. ■ Use as short a ground cluster as possible. Th is reduces the chances of the cable striking someone if it is accidentally reenergized and also reduces the overall impedance of the ground set. ■ As stated earlier in this article, place grounds close enough to protect workers, but not so close that they will injure people nearby. When the short circuit current hits the ground cluster, it will whip around with tremendous force. ■ Grounds must be placed using live-line tools. Never use hands, even hands in rubber insulating gloves, to place grounds. If there is an arc fl ash, you will be exposed to extremely high temperatures, well above what you may expect. Th is does not apply to static grounds used during testing power system equipment. ■ If a ground set has “T” handles, it is to be used for static grounds only. Th ey are suitable for use when a transformer or other piece of isolated electrical equipment must be grounded during an electrical test and can’t be subject to re-energization or fault-level currents. Always wear rubber insulating gloves when placing or re-

® moving static grounds. See the LiftPod in Action. ■ Wear proper arc-rated clothing and PPE when necessary. Yes, it is hot, it is bulky, it does make you sweat, and it also will keep The LiftPod® FS60 and FS80 aerial work you alive if there’s an arc fl ash. Figure 4 shows a utility worker on platforms let you work hands-free at heights his way to the beach — or something. ■ Never come into contact with grounds while they are being of up to 12 ft and 14 ft. Be more productive while meeting OSHA safety standards.

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Figure 4. Pass the suntan lotion, please! placed or aft erward. Th e jacket on grounds is used to protect the fi ne conductors from being damaged, not as insulation. Don’t step

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Untitled-5 1 5/9/13 12:43 PM ELECTRICAL SAFETY

on them or reposition them using bare hands. Th e jacket would be Industries use a tagging system where each ground set has a unique of little use on higher voltage electrical systems. ID number that is stamped into a metal tag. Th at tag is attached ■ Inspect grounds before using them. ASTM F-2499 provides to the ground set and to a removable clip. When the ground set is guidance on the proper inspection and testing of ground clusters. placed into service, the tag is unclipped from the ground set and Figure 5 is a common problem found on ground sets. In Figure 5, locked onto the LOTO device, which also has a tag showing which the cable is oxidized, the strands are exposed to damage, etc., etc. circuit it is placed on. When the LOTO is released, the technician ■ Always track your ground sets when placing them on equip- knows which ground has to be retrieved and where it is. ment or circuits. Every year, accidents are caused by grounds being ■ If grounds are defective, tag them and remove them from service. ■ Never stand near grounds that may be lying on the ground. If they are re-energized, they will try to straighten out with great force. ■ Inspect the grounds aft er using them. Take a few minutes to ensure they are still serviceable. Again, use ASTM F-2499 as a guide for your inspection. ■ Test personal protective grounds on a regular basis. ASTM F-2499 states that grounds are to be tested at a “time interval es- tablished by the user to ensure that defective grounding jumper assemblies are detected and removed from service in a timely man- ner.” It is the author’s opinion that personal protective grounds are safety-related devices and, as such, should be tested annually. Once locked out and tagged, we have a tendency to consider electrical circuits and equipment “safe.” Electrical circuits and equipment cannot be considered safe until tested and found absent Figure 5. Unsafe ground clamp assembly of voltage. left on when a system is re-energized. If sized and installed properly, the protective device should clear the circuit before substantial James R. “Jim” White is the training director of Shermco Industries, damage is done. Sometimes things don’t go well, though. Shermco Inc., in Dallas, Texas and has been with Shermco since 2001.

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Untitled-4 1 5/3/13 12:35 PM WELDING SAFETY Preventing Fires in Fume Extraction Systems Simply put, any time you have a spark, heat, Next, be sure to control welding and cutting processes properly with fume extraction systems by and oxygen near a fi lter system, you run capturing sparks and performing proper equipment the risk of a smoldering fi re or spontaneous maintenance. You also can add an extra line of defense combustion within the system. on the shop fl oor by specifying and installing a custom fi re safety solution to reduce the risk of fi re in ex- BY CHRISTOPHER BRODNICK AND JASON LANGE traction system fi lters. Featuring components that can LINCOLN ELECTRIC prevent, detect, and suppress fi res in any metalworking facility, these systems can minimize fi re hazards, limit system damage, and help to mitigate the risk of fi re escalation and accumulation of smoke throughout the manufacturing environment. What Causes Filter Fires? Th ree key elements —fuel, oxygen, and heat —are necessary for a fi re to start and to keep it burning. Fuel (any combustible substance) can accumulate as a mixture of particulates, such as those that may be in welding fume and oil in the ductwork or in the fi lter itself. A source of oxygen, which is necessary to sup- ire can present a serious risk in manufacturing port a fi re, enters the system through the extraction facilities, particularly in metalworking and power of the fan. Th e heat component comes from Ffabricating applications. In any shop, welding such potential sources of ignition as sparks, smolder- and cutting operations have the potential to ing, or burning particles (which can include cigarette trigger a blaze if proper precautions are not followed. butts) or spontaneous combustion. From fi lter fi res to spontaneous combustion fl ares in Simply put, any time you have a spark, heat, and dustbins, hazards exist throughout the shop fl oor. oxygen near a fi lter system, you run the risk of a smol- When a fi re ignites in a manufacturing environ- dering fi re or spontaneous combustion within the sys- ment, a lot of things happen quickly. You have to shut tem. Some welding and cutting applications, however, down your production line, evacuate the building for pose a higher risk of this than others. Contributing safety, and have either your in-house fi refi ghting team factors include the following: or the local fi re department investigate the incident. ■ Amount of oil or other fl ammable materials on Th at’s a best-case scenario. the work Most fi res in manufacturing facilities start in a ■ High temperatures small area and spread quickly. One potential source of ■ Excessive spatter these types of fi re outbreaks is the filters in your fume ■ Low fl ashpoint of oil or other involved substances extraction system. Fire can be a serious risk in these Manual, robotic, and automated welding of oily systems because it can occur unexpectedly and can parts or products, in general, can present distinct fi re cause not only equipment damage, but also may result hazards in any shop. It’s easy to underestimate fume in a fi re in your facility that can injure workers. The extraction system maintenance in such applications. thing to remember is that these kinds of fi res can, and Oily welding fumes pose a serious risk by reducing most likely will, occur in your facility at some point, fi lter life and causing increased maintenance costs. even if you are careful and follow proper procedures. And in this kind of environment, fi res can break out in If and when a fi re occurs, companies can incur large fume extraction systems even years aft er installation. capital and operational costs, including downtime on In robotic welding of pressed, stamped, or oily damaged systems and lead times required to repair or parts, such as in the automotive industry, the pro- replace this equipment. Th ese costs don’t even include cess can create welding fumes with a relatively low the most crucial factor, the human element. Any major fl ashpoint. Th ese fumes can be ignited by sparks or fi re has the potential to put workers —the most impor- swelter in the dustbin or collection location, causing tant resource a company has —at risk. spontaneous combustion. Cutting tables also can be a It’s crucial to build a targeted fi rst line of defense in culprit. Th e cutting process produces glowing materi- advance. First, include fi re prevention and readiness als that create possible fi re risk. Another area that can training and procedures in your overall safety plan. present hazards is source extraction, which includes It’s just as important as wearing proper PPE, meeting fume extraction arms, oft en known to be misused for OSHA standards, and avoiding lost-time accidents. cigarette ash and butt disposal.

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Untitled-4 1 5/3/13 10:49 AM WELDING SAFETY

Seeking a Solution add to their fume extraction systems. For ■ Venting the cleaning cylinder Fire safety systems that work in conjunc- shops that perform welding on compo- ■ Activating the system’s fi re extin- tion with existing fume extraction systems nents covered with punching or rust-pre- guisher feature can provide any manufacturing facility ventive oils, limestone feeders can provide Th ese actions work together to achieve with fi re detection, prevention, and sup- extra fi re protection in these environments. one major goal: to stop the air supply. pression capabilities. Every factory is diff er- Th ese feeders are particularly suitable for Without air, the fi re’s expansion is mini- ent; there’s no such thing as a cookie-cutter, applications involving base metals coated mized, preventing a larger fi re from occur- off -the-shelf fi re safety system that suits all with low-fl ashpoint oils. ring. Th is also limits subsequent damage. manufacturing operations. Th e most eff ec- Limestone decreases oil’s combustibil- tive systems are specifi ed and designed to ity by absorbing oily particulate and other Fire Suppression: control fi re risk in ways specifi c to each fa- substances. Th e unit continuously injects Stopping Fires Fast cility’s processes and applications. limestone into the ductwork to reduce par- If the system detects a fi re, it immediately Beyond fi re prevention, these systems ticulate concentrations in the exhausted air. triggers the suppression components. Th ese have ancillary roles in the overall effi cient Th e mixed limestone and oil becomes dry include sliding valves and aerosol fi re extin- maintenance and operation of the entire matter. When it reaches the fi lter, it falls guishers, which are designed to quickly and fume extraction system. Th ey can help into the dustbin during the cleaning cycle. reliably suppress the fi re. Th ese methods to minimize replacement, maintenance, Some limestone feeders feature two ensure that fi lter damage is kept to a mini- and fi lter downtime in case of fi re and agitators that are specifi cally developed mum or eliminated completely by minimiz- also increase the eff ectiveness and lifes- and adapted to limestone’s characteristics. ing fi re risk and subsequent smoke damage. pan of the system. Th ese agitators keep the limestone in the In order to be most eff ective, a sup- hopper and feeder in constant motion, pression system should include sliding Spark Arrestors: Stopping Fires ensuring a steady and uninterrupted lime- isolation valves. Th e sliding valves serve Before They Start stone feed. If there is a change in pressure one purpose: to isolate a fi re to a contained Th e fi rst line of fi re prevention in fume in the fi lter inlet, the feeder stops auto- location and choke it out early. Should a extraction systems is a spark arrestor. Th is matically. Inexpensive and eff ective, lime- fi re break out, within seconds of detec- component starts prevention measures stone also helps protect fi lter cartridges tion, the fan shuts off , the filter cleaning where a fi re begins —at the spark. against premature clogging caused by oily system shuts down, and the sliding valves Sparks are the most common potential particulate. Th is can help considerably to isolate the fi lter by closing it off from the ignition source in the metalworking and extend the cartridge lifespan, reducing fi l- ductwork. Th is eliminates the air source, fabrication industries. Extraction systems ter replacement costs and, in turn, opera- which in turn will extinguish the fi re. without a spark arrestor may be at risk for tional costs. Sliding valves keep the risk of fi re, system spatter, sparks, and dust reaching the com- damage, or smoke escaping into the work bustible fi lter cartridge, debris in the dust- Fire Detection: Catching Problems environment at a minimum. bin, or collection location. Early and Quickly Aft er the valves have isolated the fi re, In-line spark arrestors require little or Detection components in fi re safety sys- aerosol fi re extinguishers automatically ac- no fl oor space and provide the ability to re- tems are designed to detect a fi re in its tivate within seconds aft er the sliding valves move well-known ignition sources, such as earliest phases, recognizing the high close or at temperature climb to 572°F welding and grinding sparks and cigarette temperatures, sparks, and smoke created (300°C). Th ese canisters produce an ultra- butts, from the fume extraction system. Th e from a starting fi re. Early detection used fi ne, non-toxic, ozone-neutral aerosol spray best of these systems also can be used as a with fi re suppression systems can reduce that suppresses the fi re. Th e aerosol remains pre-separator for high-dust applications. damage to the fi lter system and keep the active for at least 30 minutes aft er initial ac- Centrifugal acceleration removes most risk of a serious blaze to a minimum. tivation, preventing re-ignition of the fi re. sparks from the continuous airfl ow. A dust- Th ese detectors are designed to identify Th e compact, self-contained canisters bin then collects all remaining sparks at a fi re during system operation and when are easy to install in the fi lter housing and safe distance from the main fi lter and away it is turned off . Th ey are most eff ective do not require extra air pressure. Another from the main ductwork. You can easily re- when placed in the fi lter housing and the benefi t is that the suppression spray will move this dustbin to dispose of particulate ductwork behind the fi lter. not damage electrical equipment in the at any time, even during operation. A fi re detection panel is an important way other extinguishing methods might, One thing to keep in mind is the issue part of this line of fi re safety. If one of the including water. And, unlike carbon diox- of maintenance. Improper maintenance system’s fi re detectors is activated, the de- ide and Halon gas, this aerosol isn’t harmful can contribute to fi res. And, a spark arres- tection panel takes over, handling the fol- when inhaled. tor, just like any other piece of equipment, lowing tasks: requires maintenance. ■ Switching off the fan to stop the sup- Christopher Brodnick (Chris_brodnick@ ply of fresh air Lincolnelectric.com) is business manager Limestone Feeders: ■ Closing the pneumatic sliding valves – environmental products and Jason Lange Chemical Fire Protection in the ductwork to isolate the fi re ([email protected]) is an But spark arrestors are not the only preven- ■ Shutting down the compressed air automation applications engineer, both tion component that manufacturers can supply that’s used for cleaning fi lter cartridges working for Th e Lincoln Electric Company.

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Untitled-4 1 4/8/13 4:43 PM TRAINING Helicopter EMS Under Scrutiny Again

NTSB has reissued a recommendation that his inadequate prefl ight inspection, 2) before takeoff by failing to properly complete the before-takeoff FAA require helicopter EMS pilots to undergo confi rmation checklist, and 3) aft er takeoff when he periodic, FAA-approved, scenario-based erroneously reported the fuel level.” simulator training. Th e safety board’s chairman, Deborah A.P. Hers- man, noted the board has now reclassifi ed as “open BY JERRY LAWS — unacceptable response” a previously issued recom- NTSB mendation that FAA require helicopter EMS (HEMS) pilots to undergo periodic, FAA-approved, scenario- based simulator training. “Th at really has to do more with training pilots for emergency situations that they might face only once in their lifetime, but they’re not really going to get a sense of what that’s like when they’re fl ying in the operating environment. You want them to be able to experience the bad [situation] in a high-fi delity simulator if possible,” Hersman said during an April 12 interview. “So, for example, in this case, pilots might actually get good training on autorotation, but they’re doing it in a very controlled environment. Th ey’re doing it over an airport, they’re doing it maybe at 80 knots at 1,000 feet. In this situation, the pilot was in cruise fl ight, he was fl ying at a much faster speed at a lower altitude. So he really needed to make some decisions very, very quickly — he had about two seconds to make the right inputs. And if he didn’t, he wasn’t going to be able to recover. He didn’t have enough altitude, and his air speed was pretty high.” Hersman said some large air ambulance companies have their own fl ight simulators, while others contract out to have their training done by other enti- ties. “Certainly the question is, can you do it with good fi delity so that it’s very representative of real-world conditions? It really is going to probably depend on The pilot, a fl ight nurse, a fl ight paramedic, and a patient died in the crash of the Euro- what’s available and how big the operation is. It’s much copter AS350 helicopter after it ran out of fuel one nautical mile from an airport where better to experience an emergency in a simulator than the pilot intended to refuel. in revenue fl ight, and certainly in a situation like this, he National Transportation Safety Board has for an EMS operator with a passenger and a medical renewed its recommendation for the Federal crew on board.” TAviation Administration to require the pilots Th e synopsis points out the pilot did not comply of medical helicopters to be trained in simu- with several standard operating procedures of his em- lators. Th e safety board acted on April 9 when it issued ployer, LifeNet of the Heartland, and violated its policy its report on the Aug. 26, 2011, crash of a medical he- on cell phone use by texting while airborne. LifeNet licopter in Mosby, Mo., citing the pilot’s distraction, of the Heartland is owned and operated by Air Meth- fatigue, and his lack of any simulator training. ods Corporation. Based in Denver, it has operations in Th e pilot, a fl ight nurse, a ightfl paramedic, and most U.S. states. a patient died in the crash of the Eurocopter AS350 Air Methods Corporation announced March 19, helicopter aft er the aircraft ran out of fuel about one 2013, that it will use FlightSafety International’s Euro- nautical mile from an airport where the pilot intended copter EC135 Level D qualifi ed full fl ight simulator in to refuel. NTSB’s synopsis of the report says the heli- Dallas as part of its pilot training program. Th e com- copter’s fuel system was operating properly and its low pany’s press release said it employs 550 EC135 pilots fuel state was clearly indicated, yet the pilot “missed “who will cycle through the simulator for their annual three opportunities to detect the condition: 1) before recurrent training” and also will send new hires for departing on the fi rst leg of the mission as a result of initial training and pilots transitioning from other he-

66 Occupational Health & Safety | JUNE 2013 www.ohsonline.com

0613ohs_066_067_ntsb_v3.indd 66 5/8/13 11:25 AM NTSB

The helicopter struck the ground at a 40-degree nose-down angle at a high rate of descent with a low rotor rpm, according to the NTSB report’s synopsis.

licopter models to the EC135. “Air Methods continues to actively fi xed-wing and rotary wing. pursue cost-eff ective technology, systems and training in excess of “Th e issue of HEMS was on our most wanted list for a number regulations that we know can encourage safety improvements in of years,” Hersman said. “We have really focused on this issue for the air medical community,” CEO Aaron Todd said in the com- decades. We’re still waiting. And I think in particular one of the pany’s news release. “We believe simulator training is another step things that we’re most frustrated with is there is a proposed rule- in that endeavor and are proud to add this fi ft h simulator solution making from the FAA that has been delayed. It should have been to our robust pilot training program.” fi nalized over a year and a half ago, and we are still waiting for that rule. If that rule were to be fi nalized, it would incorporate dozens ‘Self-Induced Distraction’ Cited of our recommendations. Th e NTSB synopsis indicates the pilot’s cell phone records showed he “Th ey did have a very good NPRM. It’s very comprehensive, sent and received multiple personal text messages on the day of the we were very pleased with it. We’d just like to see it fi nalized,” she crash, including while fl ying, while the helicopter was on the ground continued. and being prepared to fl y to pick up the patient, and later during a Asked about the rule’s status, Les Dorr of FAA Public Aff airs in telephone call with a specialist at his company’s EMS communica- Washington, D.C., provided a link to the agency’s monthly reports tion center as the pilot was deciding to fl y to the airport in Mosby on the status of signifi cant rulemakings. Th is one, docket number for refueling. Th e synopsis calls this activity “a self-induced distrac- FAA-2010-0982, remained in the fi nal rule stage as of April 2013, tion that took his attention away from his primary responsibility to with a projected OMB clearance date of June 13, 2013, and a pro- ensure safe fl ight operations. Further, although there is no evidence jected Federal Register publication date of July 1, 2013, which is 14 that the pilot was texting at the time of the engine failure, his texting months later than FAA’s originally scheduled date. while airborne violated the company’s cell phone use policy.” Th e NTSB report contains two recommendations for Air Meth- Th e pilot reported his low fuel situation to the communication ods Corporation: specialist, but he “did not request and was not referred to the com- ■ “Expand your policy on portable electronic devices to pro- pany’s [air methods operational control center] or to someone such hibit their non-operational use during safety-critical ground ac- as the chief pilot who would likely have asked how much fuel was tivities, such as fl ight planning and prefl ight inspection, as well as on board the helicopter and proposed canceling the mission. If the in fl ight.” communication specialist or the pilot had notifi ed operationally ■ “Revise company procedures so that pilots are no longer qualifi ed personnel about the low fuel situation, the accident might solely responsible for nonroutine operational decisions but are re- have been averted,” it states. Self-induced pressure probably caused quired to consult with the Air Methods Operational Control Cen- the pilot to fi xate on his intended refueling point and continue the ter for approval to accept or continue a mission when confronted fl ight rather than land as a precaution as the fuel gauge indication with elevated risk situations, such as fuel-related issues and un- approached zero, the board concluded. planned deviations.” NTSB has issued numerous reports about safety in the air med- To read the NTSB report’s synopsis, visit http://go.usa.gov/ ical industry. It issued more than 20 recommendations from a four- TxYT. day forum in 2009 and produced an investigative report three years earlier on more than 50 accidents involving medical aviation, both Jerry Laws is editor of Occupational Health & Safety.

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Untitled-2 1 5/10/13 1:02 PM PRODUCT SPOTLIGHTS WWW.OHSONLINE.COM/MCV/PRODUCTS

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0613ohs_073_AdIndex_v2.indd 73 5/14/13 12:36 PM BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGIES BY ROBERT PATER Ten Proven Motivation Principles Energy conservation is critical in these and will stop moving as soon as you let up pulling or pushing. Way 3 requires more direction and less eff ort. Stand by their side, overextended times. The most effective gently make appropriate contact (on the back of their shoulder) motivation entails supporting others. and then move yourself, rather than trying to push them. Th is provides a subtle but powerful signal to move. Putting this physi- e’ve all heard that knowledge can bestow pow- cal metaphor into practice, the best leaders don’t necessarily “lead er. More specifi cally, practical principles, when from the front,” they walk alongside those with whom they work. Wunderstood and applied, provide the leverage Th is approach necessitates seeing things from others’ perspective: to change reality — whether in science, con- What interests or stimulates them? Where would they like to get struction, sports performance, mathematics or organiza- better? Th ey then “walk beside” others by showing how they can tions. And very much for the art and science of motivation. move closer to their objectives. Motivation oft en is code for someone attempting to sweet-talk, While volumes could be — and are — written on the art and pressure, or manipulate others into working toward the “moti- science of persuasion or motivation, here are 10 proven principles vator’s” best interest. Sooner or later, this leads to resistance or that have worked in numerous companies worldwide with a wide blowback. Just as it’s possible to “fool some of the people only range of people: some of the time,” insincere motivation or attempts at treat- 1. Move yourself in order to move others. In “Don’t Let It Bring ing others as tools to be used are soon followed by You Down,” Neil Young wrote, “just fi nd someone plunging trust and credibility. Th ese approaches who’s turning and you will come around.” If you can have limited lifespans at best. More likely they just be the one who’s “turning,” you can elicit movement don’t work from the get-go; trying to jam square in others. people into round slots usually won’t propel them off 2. Close the distance. Th e Universal Gravitational the starting blocks. Law states that the closer two objects are, the more In fact, changemaster Kurt Lewin researched force they exert on each other. Same principle: Un- what he termed “superchargers,” people who com- derstand that personal email is “closer” and therefore manded performance through pressure and force. more persuasive than generic broadcast messages, Lewin found that employees would only work toward phone conversations are closer than email, and face- the supercharger’s objectives when they perceived the to-face communications are “closer” yet. leader’s physical or watchdog presence. As soon as that pressure 3. Make it personal. Tell personal (real) anecdotes about your- was gone (when the cat was away…), the work stopped. At times, self and what you learned. Invite others to do the same. employees even sabotaged or undid the work they’d accomplished 4. Make it attractive. Th ink of magnetizing/attracting others’ at the behest of the power source. current interests. In contrast, the best and most lasting motivation doesn’t at- 5. Make it easy to do. Th e less you ask others to do, the more tempt to force people to be diff erent or spin or maneuver them into likely they’ll be able to do something. doing what they don’t believe in; rather, it taps into their already 6. Make it within their control. Focus on things they can actually existing internal motivations and marries this to organizational do rather than just get frustrated about. objectives. So most successful motivation takes relatively less ef- 7. Make it practical. fort and time because it fi rst surfaces and then taps into employees’ 8. Heighten alignment with existing motivations. Identifi cation personal interests. Th e win-win message sent is, “you can get more can be a powerful motivator. For example, if someone has a favorite of what you want by simultaneously helping the organization get sports team, you might discuss the PPE and safety practices em- better.” Regrettably, this straightforward and proven approach is ployed by their favorite team. oft en disregarded by those who believe they can manipulate others 9. Enlist their senses — kinesthetic, discovery. Avoid expecting to their approach. others to “do as I say.” If a picture is worth a thousand words, a feel- Let’s get to the basics. “Motivation” literally means “to move.” ing is worth a million. At its best, this implies helping others take action, break stasis, and 10. Develop a culture of internal motivation. Where supervisors move toward a positive direction. Energy conservation is critical and executives send out consistent messages encouraging workers in these overextended times. Th e most eff ective motivation entails to try new methods, they continually learn and improve and are supporting others — not forcing or misrepresenting in ways that mentally interested. result in pushback or otherwise require ongoing eff ort that is dif- Th e best, most powerful, and lasting motivation springs from fi cult to sustain. people convincing themselves. Th ink of developing internal moti- On a physical level, there are three main ways to help someone vation where workers — and managers — can become auto-moti- move a few steps: 1. Pull them, 2. Push them, or 3. Move along- vational, rather than resisting being endlessly pushed or prompted side them with “Secondary Pressure.” If you try to push or pull by an exhausted leader. someone forward by the arm, you’ll fi nd their instinctive reaction is to resist, dig in their heels. Even if you can overpower them and Robert Pater ([email protected]) is Managing Director, SSA/ force them to take a few steps, at most they’ll do so reluctantly MoveSMART®, www.movesmart.com.

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SEE US AT ASSE, BOOTH #1367 | CIRCLE 23 ON CARD

Untitled-3 1 5/8/13 10:09 AM Decades of evolution.

Our NEW! lower profile cartridges, filters and combinations are the perfect addition to our line of pure-air respirators. The sleek new design enhances features such as an expanded field of vision, easier fit testing and a secure threaded connection.

Workers all over the world trust the North 7600 Series full facepiece and 7700 Series half mask to keep them comfortable and safe. Our masks are soft, durable and made from non- allergenic silicone material which provides excellent protection, unmatched comfort and superior ﬁt with no pressure points.

Constantly evolving in our pursuit of providing workers with the protection and comfort they’ve depended on for the last ﬁve decades. Then Now

Visit our website at: www.honeywellsafety.com/ respiratory or call Honeywell Safety Products at 800-430-4110 for more information.

SEE US AT ASSE, BOOTH #1423 | CIRCLE 14 ON CARD

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