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New Species of Wood Inhabiting Discomycetes of Helotilaes for Iran

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New Species of Wood Inhabiting Discomycetes of Helotilaes for Iran رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ Rostaniha 11(1): 29-34 (2010) (1389 ) 29-34 :( 1)11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از دﻳﺴﻜﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﺰي راﺳﺘﻪ Helotiales ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺮان New species of wood inhabiting discomycetes of Helotilaes for Iran درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 11/6/1388 / ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : Received: 02.09.2009 / Accepted: 17.02.2010 1388/11/28 ﻣﺤﻤﺪرﺿﺎ آﺻﻒ : ﻣﺮﺑـﻲ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت رﺳـﺘﻨ ﻲ ﻫـﺎ، M.R. Asef : Researcher, Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box. 1454, ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎ ه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮ ر، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ 1454، ﺗﻬﺮان Tehran 19395, Iran (E-mail: [email protected]) 19395 (E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract Four species of wood inhabiting cup fungi belonging ﭼﻜﻴﺪه .to order Helotiales are reported for the first time in Iran در اﻳــــــﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــــــﻪ ﭼﻬــــــﺎر ﮔﻮﻧــــــﻪ آﺳﻜﻮﻣﻴــــــﺴﺖ Species are described and illustrated with photographs ﺑــﻪ اﺳــﺎﻣﻲ : and drawings. Three genera Arachnopeziza , Hymenoscyphus ،Hymenoscyphus scutula ، Arachnopeziza aurelia Lachnum nudipes و L. virgineum از راﺳـــﺘﻪ Helotiales ﺑـــﺮاي .and Lachnum are new records for Iran ﻧﺨـــﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـــﺎر از اﻳـــﺮان ﻣﻌﺮﻓـــﻲ ﻣـــ ﻲ ﺷـــﻮﻧﺪ . ﺳـــﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـــ ﻪ L. virgineum ، A. aurelia و L. nudipes ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴـﺮه Arachnopeziza aurelia (Pers.) Fuckel (Fig. 1) Gilan Prov.: Hyaloscyphaceae .1 و ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ H. scutula ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻴــﺮه Helotiaceae ﺗﻌﻠــﻖ دارﻧــﺪ . ﻫــﺮ ﭼﻬــﺎر Masal, Chesli, on wood, 14.10.2008, Asef & Torabi (IRAN ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ ﭼـــﻮﺑﺰي ﺑـــﻮده و از روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑـــﺎ نﻫـــﺎي ﭼـــﻮﺑﻲ ﺟـــﺪا .(F 14144 ﺷـــﺪه اﻧـــﺪ . اﻳـــﻦ ﻧﺨـــﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔـــﺰارش از ﮔﻮﻧـــ ﻪﻫـــﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳـــﻪ (Hymenoscyphus scutula (Pers.) W. Phillips (Fig. 2 .2 ﺟـــﻨﺲ Hymenoscyphus ، Arachnopeziza و Lachnum در اﻳـــﺮان & Gilan Prov.: Masal, Shalma, on wood, 14.10.2008, Asef ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺗـ ﺼ ﺎوﻳﺮ و .(Torabi (IRAN 13666 F ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ اراﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . (Lachnum nudipes (Fuckel) Nannf. (Fig. 3 A, B, D, E .3 Ardebil Prov.: Khalkhal, Andebil forest, on wood, 06.05.2008, واژه ﻫـــﺎي ﻛﻠﻴـــﺪي : آﺳـــﻜﻮﻣﻴﻜﻮﺗﺎ، آﭘﻮﺗـــﺴﻴﻮم، Asef, Hallenberg, Ghobadnezhad & Sohrabi (IRAN 13281 F); ،Helotiaceae Mazandaran Prov.: Siahbisheh, Zardman, on wood, Hyaloscyphaceae 04.07.2008, Asef, Aminirad & Sadeghi (IRAN 13353 F); ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ,Mazandaran Prov.: Noor, Vaz, on wood, 02.07.2008, Asef راﺳـــــــــــﺘﻪ Aminirad & Sadeghi (IRAN 13352 F). Ascomycota) Helotiales 4. Lachnum virgineum (Batsch) P. Karst. (Fig. 3 C, F) Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes) ﮔﺮوﻫــــﻲ ﻧــــﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ و Gilan Prov.: Masal, Shalma, on wood, 14.10.2008, Asef & ﭼﻨـﺪﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ (polyphyletic) از آﺳﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺴ ﺖﻫﺎﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ در آ نﻫـﺎ Torabi (IRAN 13680 F). اﻧﺪام ﺑ ﺎرده ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آﭘﻮﺗـﺴﻴﻮم (apothecium) ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ ﺑـﻮده و درون ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻧﻤ ﻲ ﮔﺮدد . آﺳﻚﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ,Keywords: Ascomycota, apothecium, Helotiaceae درﭘـــﻮش اﻧﺘﻬـــﺎﻳﻲ ( اﭘﺮﻛﻮﻟـــﻮم ) ﺑـــﻮده، اﻣـــﺎ داراي ﻣﻨﻔـــﺬي Hyaloscyphaceae در اﻧﺘﻬـﺎ (apical pore) ﺑــﺮاي ﺧـﺮوج آﺳﻜﻮﺳــﭙﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣـ ﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ . اﻳــﻦ راﺳــﺘﻪ در ﻛﻨــﺎر ﺳــﻪ راﺳــﺘ ﻪ Erysiphales ، Cyttariales و Rhytismatales اﻋﻀﺎي رده Leotiomycetes را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ . (Wang et al. 2006a) 30/ 30 آﺻﻒ / ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از دﻳﺴﻜﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﺰي راﺳﺘﻪ Helotiales ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ 11(1)، 1389 از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻛﻮﻟـﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﮔـﺮوه ﻗـﺎر چ ﻫـﺎي ﻫﻠﻮﺗﻴـﺎﻟﺲ داراي در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـﻜﻮﭘﻲ و ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﺳـﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻗـﺮار ﺗﻨــﻮع وﺳــﻴﻌﻲ ﺑــﻮده و ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﺑﻴﻤــﺎرﮔﺮ ﮔﻴــﺎﻫﻲ، اﻧــﺪوﻓﻴﺖ، ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﺷـــﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻧﻤـــﺎﺗﻮد، اﻧﮕـــﻞ ﺳـــﺎﻳﺮ ﻗـــﺎر چﻫـــﺎ، ﭘـــﻮده رﺳـــﺖ ﺟﻬـــﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ، ﻋﻜـــﺴﺒﺮداري و ﺗﺮﺳـــﻴﻢ ﺗـــﺼﺎوﻳﺮ، آﺑﺰي و ﺧﺎﻛﺰي و ﭘﻮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪه ﭼـﻮب ﻣﻄﺮﺣﻨـ ﺪ (Grünig & Sieber از ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـــــﻜﻮپ Olympus BH2 ، اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـــــﻜﻮپ Johnston & Park 2005, Wang et al. 2006b ,2005) . ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻛـﻮﻟﺮ Zeiss SV8، دورﺑـﻴﻦ دﻳﺠﻴﺘـﺎ ل Olympus C 4000 و در ﭼــــــﺎپ ﻧﻬــــــﻢ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨــــــﮓ ﻗــــــﺎر چﻫــــــﺎ ﻧﺮ م اﻓﺰار Corel Draw X3 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻛـﻪ ﭘـﺲ از (Dictionary of the Fungi) اﻳﻦ راﺳـﺘﻪ ﻣـﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑـﺮ 15 ﺗﻴـﺮه و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ از اﻧﺪا م ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ، 372 ﺟـــﻨﺲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـــﻲ ﺷـــﺪه اﺳـــﺖ (Kirk et al. 2001) ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ دورﺑﻴﻦ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﻋﻜﺴﺒﺮداري ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟ ﻲﻛﻪ در ﭼﺎپ دﻫﻢ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ 10 ﺗﻴﺮه و 501 ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮ م اﻓﺰار راﻳﺎﻧ ﻪ اي ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ و ﺑﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻧـﺮ م اﻓـﺰار ﺗﺮﺳـﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـ ﺖ (Kirk et al. 2008) . ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ . اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ذﻛﺮ ﺷ ﺪه در ﻣﻮرد ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻧﺪا م ﻫـﺎي ﻗـﺎرﭼﻲ از ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﻘﺴﻴ ﻢﺑﻨﺪي اراﻳﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ واﻧﮓ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (2006a) ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﺳﻚ، آﺳﻜﻮﺳﭙﻮر و ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﺰﻫﺎ، از اﻧـﺪاز ه ﮔﻴـﺮي ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ 20 ﻫــﻢ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘــﻲ از رو شﻫــﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻣﻮﻟﻜــﻮﻟﻲ و ﻣﻮرد در آب ﻣﻘﻄ ﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳ ﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ واﻛـﻨﺶ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﮔﺮوه ﻫﻠﻮﺗﻴﺎﻟ ﺲ ﺑﻪ 11 ﺗﻴﺮه ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪه آﻣﻴﻠﻮﻳﻴﺪي ﻧـﻮك آﺳـ ﻚﻫـﺎ از ﻣﻌـﺮف ﻣﻠـﺰ ر (Melzer´s reagent) اﺳﺖ . اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷ ﺪ . ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻧﮓ، ﺷﻜﻞ، اﻧـﺪازه و ﺗــﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻣﺘﻌــﺪدي ﻣﺘﻌﻠــﻖ ﺑــﻪ ﺟــﻨ ﺲﻫــﺎي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﺎﻛﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ، روي ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗـﺎزه و ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــــﻒ از ﻗــــﺎرچﻫــــﺎي راﺳــــﺘﻪ Helotiales از اﻳــــﺮان ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـ ﺖ . ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎي ﺟﻤـ ﻊ آوري و ﻣﻌﺮﻓــــﻲ ﺷــــﺪه اﺳــــﺖ . از ﻣﻴــــﺎن آراﻳــــﻪﻫــــﺎي ﻣﻬــــﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻗـﺎر چﻫـﺎي اﻳـﺮان در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت ﭼــﻮﺑﺰي ﻣــﻲﺗــﻮان ﺑــﻪ ﮔﻮﻧــ ﻪﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﻲ از ﺟــﻨ ﺲ ﻫــﺎي رﺳﺘﻨﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺆﺳـﺴ ﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎت ﮔﻴـﺎ ه ﭘﺰﺷـﻜﻲ ﻛـﺸﻮر ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري Chlorociboria ،Calloria ،Bulgaria ،Ascocoryne، ﻣ ﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . Leotia ،Cyathicula ،Coryne ،Chlorosplenium، Pezicula ،Neobulagaria و Vibrissea اﺷــــــــﺎره ﻛــــــــﺮد ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ و ﺑﺤﺚ (Daneshpazhuh 1986, 1991, Asef 2007, Ershad 2009) . در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪﻫـﺎ ي ﺗــﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻫــﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪاي از ﺟــﻨﺲﻫــﺎي Arachnopeziza ، زﻳـــﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠـــﻖ ﺑـــﻪ راﺳـــﺘﻪ Helotilales ﺷﻨﺎﺳـــﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳـــ ﺪ . Hymenoscyphus و Lachnum از اﻳــﺮان ﮔــﺰارش ﻧــﺸﺪه و اﻳــﻦ در اﻳـــﻦ ﺑـــﻴﻦ، ﺳـــﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ L. virgineum ، A. aurelia و ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش از وﺟﻮد ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﺟـﻨﺲ در اﻳـﺮان L. nudipes ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴـﺮه Hyaloscyphaceae و H. scutula ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻴـﺮه اﺳﺖ. Helotiaceae ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارﻧ ﺪ . ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻫـﺮ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﮔﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ و ﺗ ﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ اراﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪه روش ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤ ﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎر چ ﻫﺎي دﻳﺴﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺴﺖ Arachnopeziza aurelia (Pers.) Fuckel ﭼﻮﺑﺰي، ﻃﻲ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ ت ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدي ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺪام ﺑﺎرده ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻠـﻲ اﻧﺠـﺎم و ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪﺑـﺮداري اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـ ﺖ . ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷـ ﺪ . ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﻪ دﻳـﺴﻚ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺸﻲ از در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻗـﺎرﭼﻲ، ﻫـﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ زواﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ رﻧﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻨﻈﻢ در ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن دﻳﺴﻚ ردﻳﻒ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳ ﺖ. زواﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧ ﻪ اي ﺷـﻜﻞ، ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺿﺮوري ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺑﺎ دﻳﻮاره ﻧﺎزك و ﺑﺎ دﻳﻮار ه ﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ ﺑـﻮده و ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻳـﻦ زواﻳـﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ داﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮاﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ در ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت و در ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـﻜﻮﭘﻲ، ﻇـﺎﻫﺮي ﻧﺎﺻـﺎف و ﻣﻨﻘـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻮﻫـﺎ داده ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤ ﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮي از ﻧﻤﻮﻧ ﻪﻫـﺎ اﺳﺖ . دﻳﺴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ 2-3/5 ﻣﻴﻠ ﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳ ﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣـﺬف و ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ زرد روﺷﻦ ﺗﺎ زرد ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . آﭘﻮﺗـﺴﻴﻮم روي ﻳـﻚ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎرﭼﻲ، ﺣﺸﺮ ه اي و ﻛﻨ ﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘـﻨﺞ ر وز ﺳﻮﺑﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮم ﺳﻔﻴﺪ رﻧﮓ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣـ ﻲ ﺷـﻮ د . اﻧـﺪام ﺑـﺎرده در ﺑﺨـﺶ در ﻓﺮﻳﺰر ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري ﺷـﺪﻧ ﺪ . ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ ﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻤـ ﻊ آوري ﺷـﺪه، آﺻﻒ / ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از دﻳﺴﻜﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﺰي راﺳﺘﻪ Helotiales ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ 11(1)، 1389 31/31 ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ و در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺑﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮم ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺸﻲ از ﻣﻮﻫـﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﺷــ ﺪه: ﮔــﻴﻼن، ﻣﺎﺳــﺎل، ﭼــﺴﻠﻲ ، روي ﭼــﻮب، ﺳﻔﻴﺪرﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( ﺷﻜﻞ A ).1 22/7/ 1387 ، آﺻﻒ و ﺗﺮاﺑﻲ (IRAN 14144 F) . آﺳﻚ ﻫـﺎ ﭼﻤـﺎﻗﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺗـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧ ﻪ اي ﻣﺤﺘـﻮي ﻫـﺸﺖ ﺟــﻨﺲ Arachnopeziza ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس دارا ﺑــﻮدن اﻧــﺪامﻫــﺎي آﺳﻜﻮﺳــﭙﻮر و ﺑــﻪ اﻧــﺪاز ه 10-8 × 75- 40 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ . ﺑﺎرده ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ، وﺟﻮد ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﺰ و زواﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮﻳﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ از ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻧﺨﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺗﺎ 1/5 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮده و ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ آراﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺮه Hyaloscyphaceae ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ و ﺗﻤـﺎﻳﺰ اﺳـ ﺖ . داراي اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎﺗﻲ دوﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ B ).1 اﻳﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش از وﺟﻮد ﮔﻮ ﻧ ﻪ اي از ﺟـﻨﺲ Arachnopeziza آﺳﻜﻮﺳﭙﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻀﻮي ﻛـﺸﻴﺪه ﺗـﺎ دوﻛـﻲ، ﻳـﻚ ﺗـﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎر در اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻳﺎﺧﺘــﻪاي و ﺑــﻪ اﻧــﺪازه 2/5-5 × 18- 10 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ C ).1 ).1 B A 1 mm C 10 µm 5 µm ﺷﻜﻞ A :Arachnopeziza aurelia - 1 . اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرده، B . آﺳﻚ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﺰﻫﺎ، C . آﺳﻜﻮﺳﭙﻮرﻫﺎ . Fig. 1. Arachnopeziza aurelia : A. Fruit bodies, B. Asci and paraphyses, C. Ascospores. Hymenoscyphus scutula (Pers.) W. Phillips ﻣ ﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ( ﺷﻜﻞ A 2 ). ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي، ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ زرد ﺗﺎ آﺟـﺮي، اﻧـﺪازه اﻧﺪام ﺑﺎرده ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ آن از ﻗﻄﺮ آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ و در ﻣﺤﺪوده 2-5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻮده و رﻧﮓ ﻛﻠﻲ آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﺑﻪ رﻧـﮓ زرد آﺟـﺮي ﺗـﺎ ﻗﻬـﻮ ه اي آﺳﻚ ﻫﺎ ﭼﻤﺎﻗﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ، ﺑﺎ راس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ و ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه روﺷﻦ ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ زاﻳ ـ ﺪه ﺑـﻮده و ﻛـﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻫﺸﺖ آﺳﻜﻮﺳﭙﻮر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . اﻧﺪازه آﺳﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺻﺎف ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . دﻳﺴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ آﭘﻮﺗﺴﻴﻮم ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ 10-7 × 110- 90 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده و راس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ آﺳﻚ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﻌﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ 0/5-2 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ زرد روﺷﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﻠﺰر ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ آﺑﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ رﻧﮓ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ . ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن ﺗﻴﺮ ه ﺗﺮ ﺷـﺪه و ﺣـﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺻـﺎف ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮ د ﻧﺨﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺗﺎ 3/5 ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب و زاﻳﺪه اي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ B ).2 ).2 32/ 32 آﺻﻒ / ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از دﻳﺴﻜﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﺰي راﺳﺘﻪ Helotiales ... / رﺳﺘﻨﻴﻬﺎ، ﺟﻠﺪ 11(1)، 1389 A B C 5 µm 10 µm ﺷﻜﻞ A : Hymenoscyphus scutula - 2 .
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