Use Case Modeling
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UML Summary 1
UML Summary 1 The UML Summary provides an introduction to the UML, discussing its motivation and history. Contents 1.1 Overview 1-3 1.2 Primary Artifacts of the UML 1-3 1.3 Motivation to Define the UML 1-4 1.4 Goals of the UML 1-5 1.5 Scope of the UML 1-7 1.6 UML - Past, Present, and Future 1-11 UML V1.3 alpha R5 March 1999 1-1 1 UML Summary 1-2 UML V1.3 alpha R5 March 1999 1.1 Overview 1UML Summary 1.1 Overview The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. The UML represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems. 1.2 Primary Artifacts of the UML What are the primary artifacts of the UML? This can be answered from two different perspectives: the UML definition itself and how it is used to produce project artifacts. 1.2.1 UML-defining Artifacts To aid the understanding of the artifacts that constitute the Unified Modeling Language itself, this document consists of the UML Semantics, UML Notation Guide, and UML Extensions chapters. 1.2.2 Development Project Artifacts The choice of what models and diagrams one creates has a profound influence upon how a problem is attacked and how a corresponding solution is shaped. Abstraction, the focus on relevant details while ignoring others, is a key to learning and communicating. -
UML 2 Toolkit, Penker Has Also Collaborated with Hans- Erik Eriksson on Business Modeling with UML: Business Practices at Work
UML™ 2 Toolkit Hans-Erik Eriksson Magnus Penker Brian Lyons David Fado UML™ 2 Toolkit UML™ 2 Toolkit Hans-Erik Eriksson Magnus Penker Brian Lyons David Fado Publisher: Joe Wikert Executive Editor: Bob Elliott Development Editor: Kevin Kent Editorial Manager: Kathryn Malm Production Editor: Pamela Hanley Permissions Editors: Carmen Krikorian, Laura Moss Media Development Specialist: Travis Silvers Text Design & Composition: Wiley Composition Services Copyright 2004 by Hans-Erik Eriksson, Magnus Penker, Brian Lyons, and David Fado. All rights reserved. Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rose- wood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8700. Requests to the Pub- lisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4447, E-mail: [email protected]. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. -
Plantuml Language Reference Guide (Version 1.2021.2)
Drawing UML with PlantUML PlantUML Language Reference Guide (Version 1.2021.2) PlantUML is a component that allows to quickly write : • Sequence diagram • Usecase diagram • Class diagram • Object diagram • Activity diagram • Component diagram • Deployment diagram • State diagram • Timing diagram The following non-UML diagrams are also supported: • JSON Data • YAML Data • Network diagram (nwdiag) • Wireframe graphical interface • Archimate diagram • Specification and Description Language (SDL) • Ditaa diagram • Gantt diagram • MindMap diagram • Work Breakdown Structure diagram • Mathematic with AsciiMath or JLaTeXMath notation • Entity Relationship diagram Diagrams are defined using a simple and intuitive language. 1 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 1 Sequence Diagram 1.1 Basic examples The sequence -> is used to draw a message between two participants. Participants do not have to be explicitly declared. To have a dotted arrow, you use --> It is also possible to use <- and <--. That does not change the drawing, but may improve readability. Note that this is only true for sequence diagrams, rules are different for the other diagrams. @startuml Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response @enduml 1.2 Declaring participant If the keyword participant is used to declare a participant, more control on that participant is possible. The order of declaration will be the (default) order of display. Using these other keywords to declare participants -
Overview Chapter 3 the Unified Process (3.1) the Unified Process
1/11/2008 Overview Slide 2.1 Chapter 3 The Unified Process (3.1) Slide 2.2 z Software life-cycle models z Until recently, three of the most successful object- – Theoretical model oriented methodologies were – Iterative and incremental model – Grady Booch’s method – Code-and-fix life-cycle model – Ivar Jacobson’s Objectory – Waterfall (documentation driven model) – Jim Rumbaugh’s Object Modeling Technique (OMT) – Rapid prototyping life-cycle model – Open-source life-cycle model – Agile processes – Synchronize-and-stabilize life-cycle model – Spiral life-cycle model (risk driven) z Unified process z Capability Maturity Models (CMM) CS510 Software Engineering at Purdue CS510 Software Engineering at Purdue 3.2 Iteration and Incrementation within the Object-Oriented Paradigm The Unified Process (contd) Slide 2.3 Slide 2.4 z In 1999, Booch, Jacobson, and Rumbaugh z The Unified Process is a modeling technique published a complete object-oriented analysis and – A model is a set of UML diagrams that represent design methodology that unified their three various aspppects of the software product we want to separate methodologies develop – Original name: Rational Unified Process (RUP) – Next name: Unified Software Development Process z UML stands for unified modeling language (1997 (USDP) by three Amigos) – Name used today: Unified Process (for brevity) – Graphically represent (model) the target software product CS510 Software Engineering at Purdue CS510 Software Engineering at Purdue 1 1/11/2008 Iteration and Incrementation within the Object-Oriented -
UML Profile for Communicating Systems a New UML Profile for the Specification and Description of Internet Communication and Signaling Protocols
UML Profile for Communicating Systems A New UML Profile for the Specification and Description of Internet Communication and Signaling Protocols Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen vorgelegt von Constantin Werner aus Salzgitter-Bad Göttingen 2006 D7 Referent: Prof. Dr. Dieter Hogrefe Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jens Grabowski Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 30.10.2006 ii Abstract This thesis presents a new Unified Modeling Language 2 (UML) profile for communicating systems. It is developed for the unambiguous, executable specification and description of communication and signaling protocols for the Internet. This profile allows to analyze, simulate and validate a communication protocol specification in the UML before its implementation. This profile is driven by the experience and intelligibility of the Specification and Description Language (SDL) for telecommunication protocol engineering. However, as shown in this thesis, SDL is not optimally suited for specifying communication protocols for the Internet due to their diverse nature. Therefore, this profile features new high-level language concepts rendering the specification and description of Internet protocols more intuitively while abstracting from concrete implementation issues. Due to its support of several concrete notations, this profile is designed to work with a number of UML compliant modeling tools. In contrast to other proposals, this profile binds the informal UML semantics with many semantic variation points by defining formal constraints for the profile definition and providing a mapping specification to SDL by the Object Constraint Language. In addition, the profile incorporates extension points to enable mappings to many formal description languages including SDL. To demonstrate the usability of the profile, a case study of a concrete Internet signaling protocol is presented. -
Part I Environmental Diagrams
Adaptive Software Engineering G22.3033-007 Session 3 – Sub-Topic Presentation 1 Use Case Modeling Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti New York University Computer Science Department Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences 1 Part I Environmental Diagrams 2 1 What it is • Environmental Diagram Rent Video Video Store Pay Information System Employees Clerk Customer Payroll Clerk 3 What it is • A picture containing all the important players (Actors) • Includes players both inside and outside of the system • Actors are a critical component • External events are a second critical component 4 2 Creating the Diagram • To create an environmental diagram • 1. Identify all the initiating actors • 2. Identify all the related external events associated with each actor 5 Why it is used • A diagram is needed to show the context or scope of the proposed system • At this time actors and external events are the critical components • It is helpful to include all the participants as well 6 3 Creating the Diagram • 3. Identify all the participating Actors • These actors may be inside (internal) or outside (external) to the system 7 Creating the Diagram • Examples of an internal actor – Clerk who enters the purchase into a Point of Sale terminal – Clerk who places paper in the printer – Accountant who audits report 8 4 Creating the Diagram • Examples of an external actor – Accountant who audits report – A credit authorizing service – A DMV check for renting a car 9 Creating the Diagram •4.Draw a cloud • 5. Then draw initiating actors on the left of the cloud • 6. Then draw participating external actors outside the cloud • 7. -
Leveraging Software Development Approaches in Systems Engineering
Raytheon Leveraging Software Development Approaches in Systems Engineering Rick Steiner Engineering Fellow Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems [email protected] 6 May 2004 Naval Postgraduate School SI4000 Project Seminar Copyright © 2003 Raytheon Company UNPUBLISHED WORK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1 We’re going to talk about: Raytheon • Why Software Tools exist, why Systems Engineers should care • Software vs. SE as a discipline – key differences • The importance of requirements – Different requirement/system development approaches – Pros & cons of each, and how they relate to software approaches • How Use Cases relate to Requirements – Hints on how to manage use case development • How Object Oriented Design relates to Functional Analysis – or not! • What graphical languages can help (UML, SysML) • The promise of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) Copyright © 2003 Raytheon Company UNPUBLISHED WORK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 Software Development Crisis Raytheon • In the 1980’s, software development underwent a crisis: – Software was RAPIDLY proliferating – Software was becoming very complex • Software on top of Software (OS, Application) • Software talking to Software (interfaces) – Software development delays were holding up system delivery – Software was becoming very expensive to develop and maintain – Software development effort was becoming very hard to estimate – Software reliability was becoming problematic – Existing techniques were proving inadequate to manage the problem • Reasons: – Economics • Processing hardware (silicon) got cheap – -
Handout 4 the Unified Modeling Language with Markup Ed Rosten
3F6 - Software Engineering and Design Handout 4 The Unified Modeling Language With Markup Ed Rosten Contents 1. Diagram Types 2. Class Diagrams 3. Object Diagrams 4. Sequence Diagrams 5. Communication Diagrams 6. State Diagrams Copies of these notes plus additional materials relating to this course can be found at: http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/~er258/teaching. The Unified Modeling Language 1 The Unified Modeling Language • a formal graphical language comprising a set of diagrams for describing software systems. • used for designing, documenting and communicating various views of the software architecture and program behaviour. • these different views of the system can be used at varying scales, presenting the key information and suppressing unim- portant detail as desired. Historical Note UML evolved from three earlier rival approaches independently developed between 1989 and 1994. • Booch method developed by Grady Booch of the Rational Software Corporation. • Object Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) devel- oped by Ivar Jacobson of Objectory. • Object Modeling Technique (OMT) developed by James Rumbaugh of General Electric. The first complete version of UML (V1.1) was released in 1997 by a consortium which included DEC, HP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and Texas Instruments. The current release is V2.0 which is used in this course. 2 Engineering Part IIA: 3F6 - Software Engineering and Design Diagram Types Structural Diagrams which describe the architecture or lay- out of the system. 1. Class. These describe the software architecture of the sys- tem by specifying what classes are present in the system, and their relationships. 2. Object. These describe a snapshot of the system while it is running and identify what objects are present at a given instant, and their relationships. -
A Comparative Study of Three New OO Methods
A Comparative Study of Three New OO Methods Michael M Mattsson Department of Computer Science University of Karlskrona/Ronneby S-372 25 Ronneby, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this paper we will compare and contrast some of the newer methods with some of the established methods in the field of object-oriented software engineering. The methods re- viewed are Solution-Based Modelling, Business Object Notation and Object Behaviour Analysis. The new methods offer new solutions and ideas to issues such as object identi- fication from scenarios, traceability supporting techniques, criteria for phase completion and method support for reliability. Although all these contributions, we identified some issues, particular design for dynamic binding, that still have to be taken into account in an object-oriented method. 1. Introduction The past years have seen the emergence of quite a number of different methods for object- oriented development. Although many of them have now been applied and tested on many real-world projects from which experience reports have been published, the software manager is still facing a daunting task when he is to select the best method for his organ- isation. Furthermore, the area is still evolving and new methods continue to appear every year. A major problem is that terminology and style of presentation make the methods look more different than they really are, thereby obscuring the truly differentiating issues. In this paper we will evaluate some recently published object-oriented methods and high- light those features which are truly innovative contributions. The methods which have been studied are [Gol92], [Ner93],[Rub 92]. -
Analysis and Design With
!"#$%&'&(#")(*+&'," -'./(012 !"#$%&&'(%)'*+%",#$%"#-'%&'#./)$+ 01"+2,)3+45#6+#-')7'8 Slide 1 What is Visual Modelling? “Modelling captures essential parts of the system.” Dr. James Rumbaugh Order Item Ship via Computer System Business Process Slide 2 What is UML? ! UML stands for Unified Modeling Language ! The UML combines the best from •Data Modelling concepts (Entity Relationship Diagrams) •Business Modelling (work flow) •Object Modelling •Component Modelling ! The UML is the standard language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artefacts of a software-intensive system (based on object concepts) ! It can be used with all processes, throughout the development life cycle, and across different implementation technologies ! An OMG (Object Management Group) standard Slide 3 History of UML !"#$%&' -./&:;;23,$#;20&<+=&>556 !"#$%&'()*"''"+#&,+&-./0&123&456 !"#$(&( !"7',&'()*"''"+#&,+&-./0&8$#&956 @.A&3$7,#27' !"#$(&' 8(#2&95?& !"#$'&7 !/?@?36$"312,6$'&E "?+4,.,@1 A8"$BC$ 04*+D3 01234$5312,6. 8,,+2$5312,6 0"9 :;<5-*<=2> )*+,-.,/ Slide 4 … UML Is Not Enough B2$*CD$'2E& F2=2%+3*2#, .+E2%"#G& @#"H"2E& A$#G($G2 I7+;2'' ! Most methods consist of both a modeling language and a process •The modeling languageis the (mainly graphical) notation that methods use to express designs. • The key part for communication • The process concerns advices on what steps to take in doing a design. Slide 5 The Classical “Waterfall” Process ! The phases of software development: •Independent of programming paradigm; • Methodologies are typically organized around this classical process. •Inputs, outputs, internal activities of “phases” ANALYSIS DESIGN DEVELOPMENT TEST MAINTENANCE Slide 6 Rational Unified Process (RUP) .("/&-0#&'(" !"#$%&'("!"#$%&'(" !"#$%&'("!"#$%&'(" 123… 1-+"/'&'("1-+"/'&'(" 1-+"/'&'("1-+"/'&'(" )*+,(-+&'(")*+,(-+&'(" )*+,(-+&'(")*+,(-+&'(" ! It is an iterative and incremental development process. -
Sinan Si Alhir − Understanding Use Case Modeling
Sinan Si Alhir − Understanding Use Case Modeling Understanding Use Case Modeling By Sinan Si Alhir Sinan Si Alhir ([email protected], http://home.earthlink.net/~salhir) is a consultant and author of "UML in a Nutshell" (O'Reilly and Associates, Inc., 1998). Published in "Methods & Tools" (April 2000) − An international software engineering digital newsletter published by Martinig & Associates. Introduction Following the "method wars" of the 1970s and 1980s, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) emerged from the unification that occurred in the 1990s within the information systems and technology industry. Unification was lead by Rational Software Corporation and Three Amigos, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson. The UML gained significant industry support from various organizations via the UML Partners Consortium and was submitted to and adopted by the Object Management Group (OMG) as a standard (November 17, 1997). The UML is an evolutionary general−purpose, broadly applicable, tool−supported, and industry−standardized modeling language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a system−intensive process. The language is broadly applicable to different types of systems (software and non−software), domains (business versus software), and methods and processes. The UML enables and promotes (but does not require nor mandate) a use−case−driven, architecture−centric, iterative, and incremental process that is object oriented and component based. The UML enables the capturing, communicating, and leveraging of knowledge: models capture knowledge (semantics), architectural views organize knowledge in accordance with guidelines expressing idioms of usage, and diagrams depict knowledge (syntax) for communication. System development may be characterized as problem solving, including understanding or conceptualize and representing a problem, solving the problem by manipulating the representation of the problem to derive a representation of the desired solution, and implementing or realizing and constructing the solution. -
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications / Grady Booch
OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN With applications SECOND EDITION Grady Booch Rational Santa Clara, California ADDISON-WESLEY Preface To Jan My friend, my lover, my wife Sponsoring Editor: Dan Joraanstad Production Editor: Wendy Earl Editorial Assistant: Melissa Standen Cartoonist: Tony Hall Copy Editor: Nicholas Murray Proofreader: Eleanor Renner Brown Cover Designer: Yvo Riezebos Design Design Consultant: David Granville Healy Adobe illustrator is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Apple, Macintosh, and MacApp are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Booch Components is a trademark of Grady Booch. Eiffel is a trademark of Interactive Software Engineering, Inc. Mathematica is a trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc. Motif is a trademark of Open Software Foundation, Inc. Objective-C is a trademark of Stepstone. Objectworks and Smalltalk-80 are trademarks of ParcPlace Systems. OS/2 is a trademarks of International Business Machines. Pure Software is a trademarks of Pure Software, Inc. Rational and Rational Rose are trademarks of Rational. Simula 67 is a trademark of Simula AS. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Technologies, Inc. Windows and Word are trademarks of Microsoft Inc. Camera-ready copy for this book was prepared on a Macintosh with Microsoft Word and Adobe Illustrator. All C++ examples were developed using tools from Apple Computer, AT&T, Borland International, Centerline, Pure Software, and Sun Microsystems. The notation and process described in this book is in the public domain, and its use by all is encouraged (but please acknowledge its source). Copyright © 1994 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.