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Perpustakaan.Uns.Ac.Id Digilib.Uns.Ac.Id Commit to User TERORISME DALAM MEDIA MASSA perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id i TERORISME DALAM MEDIA MASSA (Analisis Media Framing Terhadap Berita dan Tajuk Seputar Aksi Terorisme di Norwegia pada Harian Umum Kompas, Republika dan Jawa Pos Periode Juli-Agustus 2011) Disusun oleh: YULIA WIDAYANI D0207111 JURUSAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 commiti to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ii commitii to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id iii commitiii to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id iv MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN “Asyhadu alla ilaa ha Illallah Wa asyhadu anna Muhammadar Rasulullah” Karya sederhana ini penulis persembahkan Untuk Ibunda, Ibunda, Ibunda, Ayahanda Untuk Kakak dan Adik Untuk sahabat terbaik Untuk almamaterku commitiv to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id v KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillaahirobbil’alamin. Penulis senantiasa memanjatkan rasa syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas kelimpahan rahmat, taufiq, hidayah, inayah kemudahan dan kelancaran dalam proses pengerjaan karya sederhana ini hingga selesai sekarang. Sebab hanya atas izin-Nya, karya skripsi ini bisa terwujud. Tak lupa pula sholawat serta salam senantiasa tercurah kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, keluarga, sahabat dan para umatnya. Penulis berharap karya ini merupakan bagian dari upaya menggapai keridhoan-Nya. Skripsi berjudul TERORISME DALAM MEDIA MASSA (Analisis Media Framing Terhadap Berita dan Tajuk Seputar Aksi Terorisme di Norwegia pada Harian Umum Kompas, Republika dan Jawa Pos Periode Juli-Agustus 2011) ini disusun guna memenuhi persyaratan untuk mencapai gelar sarjana Ilmu Komunikasi di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Selain itu, semoga karya ini menjadi salah satu bentuk pematangan mental dan intelektual penulis selama belajar di perkuliahan dari titik awal sampai dengan akhir. Pada hari Jumat, tanggal 22 Juli 2011 terjadi aksi peledakan bom di gedung kantor pemerintahan Norwegia yakni di pusat Kota Oslo dengan menggunakan mobil sebagai medianya. Belum selesai penanganan peledakan bom, selang beberapa menit kemudian, terjadi aksi penembakan terhadap kader muda Partai Buruh yang sedang melakukan perkemahan musim panas di Pulau Utoya. Kemudian diketahui pelaku kedua tindakan terorisme tersebut adalah orang yang sama. Awalnya, para pakar teroris mengira pelaku adalah kelompok militan Islam atau mujahidin. Namun betapa terkejutnya Norwegia karena ternyata pelaku adalah warga asli Norwegia yang beragama Kristen dan memiliki ideologi politik ultrakanan. Aksi terorisme yang terjadi di Norwegia tidak hanya menggemparkan negara tersebut, Eropa bahkan dunia juga terkejut dengan kabar duka ini. Media dari berbagai belahan dunia menyoroti kejaian ini menjadi pemberitaannya. Tidak terkecuali media cetak di Indonesia. Media cetak tersebut antara lain adalah commitv to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id vi Kompas, Republika, dan Jawa Pos. Masing-masing media memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terhadap topik ini yang ditungkan dalam pemberitaannnya. Penulis memakai analisis framing untuk menganalisa teks berita dari Kompas, Republika, dan jawa Pos. Penulis memilih model Pan dan Kosicki dengan pertimbangan model ini lebih lengkap dan mampu menganalisis secara menyeluruh. Dalam penyusunan karya skripsi ini, penulis menyadari banyak pihak yang telah membantu, memberi dukungan, baik secara material maupun moral. Untuk itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan setulusnya kepada: a. Prof. Drs. H. Pawito, Ph.D selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sebelas Maret (FISIP UNS) Surakarta serta selaku pembimbing skripsi yang senantiasa memberikan arahan, kritikan, dan saran dari awal hingga akhir proses pembuatan skripsi ini. b. Dra. Prahastiwi Utari, M. Si., Ph. D. Selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sebelas Maret (FISIP UNS) Surakarta. c. Dra. Sri Urip Haryati, M.Si selaku pembimbing akademik yang telah memberi saran maupun masukan selama menjadi mahasiswa dari tingkat awal hingga akhir. d. Semua staf pengajar di Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP UNS. Terima kasih atas pengajaran dan pemberian ilmunya selama ini. Semoga ilmu yang telah diberikan bermanfaat di dunia maupun akherat. e. Kawan-kawan seperjuangan di jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP UNS angkatan tahun 2007 (KOMPI). Semoga tetap kompak dan semoga kita semua dapat menggapai apa selalu kita impikan. f. Teman-teman di Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa (LPM) VISI FISIP UNS. Katakan dengan tinta karena kata adalah senjata. Semoga bisa terus bertahan dalam idealismenya. g. Sahabat terbaik dalam perkuliahan ini (wulan, amal dan ity), terus berjuang menggapai mimpi tanpa pernah putus asa meskipun kadang banyak hal yang akan membuat kita merasa lelah. commitvi to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id vii h. Ayahanda Miyanto dan Ibunda Semiyatun yang senatiasa tak pernah putus memanjatkan do’a untuk kebahagiaan anak-anaknya. i. Kakak, Aminah Yulianti, S. Pd. dan adik, Diah Ana Safitri yang memberikan motivasi tersendiri sehingga memacu penulis untuk terus dan terus mengambangkan diri. j. Kawan-kawan di Kost Mutiaghana, tempat pertama yang penulis singgahi di Kota Solo, alm. Pak Khoiruddin, Ibu Khoiruddin, mbak Bibah, mas Wawan, mbak Gita, mbak Sulis, mbak Nita, mbak Ana, mbak Rani, mbsk Lia, Citra, Yang Yang, Anis, Sari, alm. Mbak Nana, Anjar, Lina, Ratih, Vaya, Mega, Putri, Desi, Leni, dan lain-lain, trimakasih untuk kebersamaannya. k. Kawan-kawan di Kost Griya Fatimah yakni Tante, Brian, Agung, mbak Nisa, mbak Ipit, mbak Tyas, dan lain-lain, terimakasih atas kebersamaan saat proses skripsi ini dibuat. l. Seseorang yang selalu menjadi apa pun yang penulis butuhkan, sahabat, kawan, kakak, pembimbing, penasehat, penjaga, pemimpin, yang tidak bisa disebutkan namanya. Trimakasih atas cintamu. m. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu. Terima kasih atas kerja sama dan dukungan, baik material maupun spiritualnya selama ini. Penulis sadar bahwa skripsi ini tentu memiliki kekurangan dan kelemahan. Seperti pepatah mengatakan ”Tak ada gading yang tak retak”. Keterbatasan kemampuan, pikiran, tenaga, waktu dan hal-hal lainnya membuat karya ini belumlah sempurna. Untuk itu, kritik dan saran selalu penulis harapkan untuk perbaikan ke depan. Dan akhirnya, semoga karya sederhana ini bermanfaat bagi siapapun yang membacanya. Surakarta, Januari 2012 Yulia Widayani commitvii to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id viii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................................ ii PENGESAHAN.............................................................................................. iii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................ iv KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. viii DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x DAFTAR SKEMA ......................................................................................... xi ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1 B. Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................. 9 C. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 10 D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 10 E. Telaah Pustaka ..................................................................................... 11 E.1 Paradigma Konstruktivisme ......................................................... 11 E.2 Kostruksi Sosial Media Massa...................................................... 17 E.3 Terorisme dalam Media Massa ..................................................... 22 E.4 Konsep Framing .......................................................................... 29 E.5 Teknik Analisis Framing.............................................................. 31 F. Metodologi .......................................................................................... 36 F.1 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................. 36 F.2 Metode Penelitian......................................................................... 36 F.3 Objek Penelitian ........................................................................... 38 F.4 Jenis dan Sumber Data ................................................................. 38 F.5 Analisis Data ................................................................................ 39 BAB II DESKRIPSI LOKASI ....................................................................... 45 A. Harian Kompas .................................................................................... 45 A.1 Sejarah Perjalanan Kompas ......................................................... 45 A.2 Perkembangan Oplah Kompas ..................................................... 51 commitviii to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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