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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Department of Geography and Environmental Education

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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Department of Geography and Environmental Education ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENCES ON STUDENTS’ AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION IN SHIRE AREA HIGH SCHOOLS BY GOITOM TESFAY JUNE, 2011 ADDIS ABABA ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENCES ON STUDENTS’ AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION IN SHIRE AREA HIGHSCHOOLS BY GOITOM TESFAY A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geography and Environmental Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in Geography and Environmental Education. JUNE, 2011 ADDIS ABABA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENCES ON STUDENTS’ AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION IN SHIRE AREA HIGHSCHOOLS BY GOITOM TESFAY Approved by Board of Examiners ________________________________________ _____________ Chairperson, Institute’s Graduate Committee Signature ________________________________________ _____________ Advisor Signature ________________________________________ _____________ Examiner Signature Table of Contents Pages Table of contents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I List of tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V List of figures ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VII Abbreviations and Acronyms ----------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII Acknowledgements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IX Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Background of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 Objective of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3.1 General objective of the study ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3.2 Specific objectives of the study --------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.4 Hypotheses of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.5 Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.6 Limitation of the study -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.7 Delimitation of the study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 1.8 Operational definition of terms ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8 1.9 Organization of the study ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 CHAPTER TWO Review of related literatures ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.1 Overview of Environmental Issues ------------------------------------------------------------ 10 2.2 Environmental problems in Developing countries ------------------------------------------- 11 2.3 Deforestation and soil erosion in Ethiopia ---------------------------------------------------- 12 2.3.1 Deforestation in Ethiopia ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.3.2 Extent and causes of deforestation in Ethiopia ---------------------------------------- 13 2.3.2.1 Extent of deforestation ----------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.3.2.2 Causes of deforestation in Ethiopia -------------------------------------------- 14 2.3.3 Soil erosion in Ethiopia ------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 2.4 Deforestation and soil erosion in the Northern Highland Tigray -------------------------- 15 I 2.4.1 Deforestation in Tigray Region ---------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.4.2 Soil Erosion in Tigray Region ----------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.4.3 Causes of Soil Erosion and Deforestation in Tigray Region ------------------------ 17 2.4.4 Conservation Measures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 2.5. Development of Environmental Education in Worldwide as a solution to Environmental Problems ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 2.5.1. The concept of Environment ------------------------------------------------------------ 19 2.5.2 The concept of Environmental Education -------------------------------------------- 20 2.5.3 Environmental Problems and the role of Environmental Education ---------------- 24 2.5.4 Environmental Awareness --------------------------------------------------------------- 26 2.5.5 Environmental Attitude ------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 2.6. Environmental Education in Ethiopia as a remedy to environmental problem --------- 28 2.7 Conceptual Framework and Factors Affecting Students Environmental Awareness and Attitude --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 2.7.1 Conceptual framework ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 2.7.2 Factors Affecting Students Environmental Awareness and Attitude-------------------- 32 2.7.2.1 Gender ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 2.7.2.2 Place of Birth --------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 2.7.2.3 Age and Educational Level ----------------------------------------------------- 36 2.7.2.4 Extracurricular Activities -------------------------------------------------------- 37 2.8 The Relationship between environmental awareness and attitude ------------------------- 38 2.9 Review of topics related to environmental issues in Biology and Geography Ethiopian student text book --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 CHAPTER THREE Research Design and Methodology --------------------------------------------------------------- 43 3.1 Description of the study Area ------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 3.1.1 Landforms, Soil, Vegetation and Climate ---------------------------------------------- 45 3.1.2 Demographics------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 3.1.3 Agriculture --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 3.1.4 Source of income -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 3.1.5 Farming Season in the woreda ----------------------------------------------------------- 47 II 3.1.6 Rehabilitation of the state of the environment ----------------------------------------- 48 3.2 Research Design --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 3.2.1 Study site and Target population -------------------------------------------------------- 49 3.2.2 Sample design and sampling procedures ----------------------------------------------- 50 3.2.3 Sample Size Determination -------------------------------------------------------------- 51 3.3 Source and instrument of data Collection ----------------------------------------------------- 53 3.3.1 Source of data for the study -------------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.3.1.1 Primary Sources ------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 3.3.1.2 Secondary Sources --------------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.3.2 Instrument of data collection------------------------------------------------------------- 53 3.3.2.1 Questionnaire --------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 3.3.2.3 Focus Group Discussion --------------------------------------------------------- 55 3.4 Description of Variables ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55 3.4.1 Dependent variables ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 3.4.2 Independent variables --------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 3.5 Method of Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 CHAPTER FOUR Finding and Discussions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 4.1 Socio-Demographic Profile of the Participants ---------------------------------------------- 58 4. 2 Deforestation and Soil Erosion Awareness Sub-Population Analysis -------------------- 60 4.2.1 Gender Subpopulation Analysis ------------------------------------------------------- 60 4.2.2 Grade level sub-population analysis -------------------------------------------------- 61 4.2.3 Age Sub-Population Analysis --------------------------------------------------------- 61 4.2.4 School Sub-Population Analysis ------------------------------------------------------ 62 4.2.5 Place of Birth Sub-Population Analysis ---------------------------------------------- 63 4.2.6 Media Sub-population Analysis ------------------------------------------------------- 64 4.2.7 Interest Sub-population Analysis ----------------------------------------------------- 65 4.2.8 Analysis of Respondents based on their Parents income level and Educational background ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66 4.3 Analysis of subpopulation Attitude
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