SPBC-MU s 81 .H42 554 Prepared by Roger L. Mitchell with major recognition to three sources (Poehlman, Woodruff, Decker), which are utilized extensively for the early history and with special thanks to ali the cun-ent faculty for their suggestions ofmajor themes and successes as well as assisting in a SU'll'mtaty of their cun-ent work. Agronomy, Soils and Atmospheric Science at the University of Missouri- 100 Years 1904- 2004

Centennial Celebration June 25 - 26, 2004

Special Report 5 54

College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station

The University of Missouri does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, religion , age, disability or status as a Vietnam era veteran in employment or programs. • If you have special needs as addressed by the Americans with Disabilities Act and need this publication in an alternative format, write ADA Officer, Extension and Agricultural Information, 1-98 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211 , or call (573) 882-7216. Reasonable efforts will be made to accommodate your special needs. Roger M.itchell accepts responsibili ty for an y e rrors or omissions.

Special appreciation is expressed to Sharon Wood-Turley, Jim Curley, Ginger Berry and ] e1mifer Smith for their journalistic support and to Rita Gerke for her extensive assistance.

This abbreviated hi story provides a pleasant reminder that from the very beginning, the faculty in these disciplines worked closely with the citizens of Missouri. They worked espe­ cially with the agricultural community to develop new knowledge carefully adapted to their unique, site specific locations. Research, teaching, and extension brought to Missourians extensive new information about the soils, crops and environment that impact this high risk enterprise of food production. The faculty have always remained steadfast in their commit­ ment to high guaLty teaching, research, extension and service.

This abbreviated history does not include the names and responsibilities of all the faculty who have been with these programs. Those lists in more complete detail are in the Poehlman and Woodruff references. It is my hope that all faculty members currently associ­ ated with one of these disciplines are noted here.

References 1. Mumford, Frederick B. 1944. History ofthe M.issouri College of Agriculture. Bulletin 483, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri. 2. Poehlman,]. Milton. 1988. A History of Field Crops 1870- 1967. SR 385, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri. 3. Woodruff, C. MerriU. 1990, A History of the Department of Soils and Soil Sciences at the University of M.issouri. SR 413. College of Agriculture, University of M.issouri. 4. Decker, Wayne C. Draft (2003) A History of the Department of Atmospheric Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of M.issouri. 5. Tindall, Cordell. 1984. Impact: The Technology Years, SR 303. College of Agricul­ ture, University of Missouri.

The organizational history of Agronomy, Soil Science, and Atmospheric Science at MU has taken several turns over these 100 years. 1. The Department of Agronomy was formed in 1904. 2. The Department was divided into Departments of Farm Crops (renamed Field Crops in 1920), Soils, and Agricultural Engineering in 1914. 3. The Departments of Soils and Field Crops were rejoined in 1967 as the Department of Agronomy with Atmospheric Science, Plant Pathology and Genetics leaving as separate departments. Genetics faculty moved to Biology in 1974; several returned to Agronomy in 1976. 4. When Resource Allocation Units were formed in 1989, Agronomy became a part of the Plant Sciences Unit, along with Entomology, Horticulture and Plant Pathology. 5. The Department of Atmospheric Science joined the Natural Resources Unit in 1991. 6. In 1990, teaching and research Soil Science faculty moved from Agronomy (Plant Sciences Unit) to a Soil Science Program in the Natural Resources Unit. 7. From 1992 to 2002 there was a Department of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences. 8. In 2003, a new Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences was formed within the School ofNatural Resources (Natural Resources Unit). M . F Miller ]. W. Sanborn Frederick B. Mumford

he University of Missouri was vated; the management and culture of Jeremiah W Sanborn became T established in 1839 under the each". Dean ill 1882 and served unti11889. Geyer Act as the first public university As a consideration to locate the Poehlman notes Sanborn's most west of the Mississippi River. Citizens College in Columbia, Boone County important contributions were his of Boone County and the City of and the city were required to give a numerous well-planned, practical Columbia raised $117,000 to win the bonus of $30,000 and 640 acres of experiments; the most memorable competition among six central land, convenient to the present univer­ being the wheat plots established in the Missouri counties to place the Univer­ sity grounds, as the agricultural college fall of 1888 on what is now Sanborn sity here. farm. Field. (Sanborn Field was designated a In 2004, we celebrate the Centen­ This was a clairvoyant requirement National Historic Landmark ill 1965 nial of the appointment of Merrill F. because the 1887 Hatch Act that estab­ through the leadership of Dr. George Miller as the first Professor and Chair lished the Agricultural Experiment E. Smith. Dr. Smith often said he of Agronomy. The Department was Station required that to receive the wanted to prevent it from becoming a formed in 1904 when the Department $15,000 federal stipend annually, there parking Lot or a building site. When of AgricuJture was divided into Animal must be a 25-acre farm where the Mr. Jack Robinson from Boston was Husbandry and Agronomy. Preceding students could observe and work with appointed as campus planning departments illcluded: Horticulture, the professors as they did their consultant in 1981, he emphasized that 1878; Veterinary Science, 1888; Agri­ research . the historical significance and green culture, 1893; AgricuJtural Chemistry, 1894; Entomology, 1894; Home Economics, 1900; and Daity, 1901. The interest in Agronomy, Soil Science, and Atmospheric Science extends even further back than the establishment in 1870 of the College of AgricuJture UJlder the Morrill Act. T he first Dean, George C. Swallow, had been a Professor of Geology since 1850. He tried to start an agriculture program in 1858, but it failed for lack of student interest. The Land Grant Act of 1862 was accepted by the Missouri General Assembly in 1863 but the College was not established until 1870. The first course taught by Dean Swallow was Clarence "Woody" Woodruff at Sanborn Field, Ca. 1950s. Pint cultivated in 1888, Sanborn "Farm Crops: What should be culti- Field has been the site ofnumerous Jon g-range studies ofcrop rotation and fe·rtilization.

CoLLEGE OF AG RI CULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL R EsouRCES C. F. Marbut William Etheridge ]. M. Poehlman Lewis]. Stadler £7-nie & Lottie Sem-s

space of Sanborn Field was a model for and Manuring (Subtitles: adapted to them and the means for the rest of the campus.) a) Constituents of Plants and their improvement". Sanborn started a Missouri State b) Farm Crops. In 1905 the State appropriated Agricultural Bulletin series in 1888. $5,000 to start a soil survey. C. F. No. 1 was: "Announcement to The first use of the term Agronomy is Marbut, Professor of Geology, was Farmers: The So-Called "Hatch Bill found in the listings of 1902: appointed to lead this effort in cooper­ Assent of Governor; Plan of Organiza­ (a) Agronomy A) Soils B) Fertilizer ation with Agronomy and the Federal tion; Work and Experiments Proposed (b) Agronomy Farm Crops Bureau of Soils. this Season: Personnel of Station" and Included in the legislation was No. 2, "A Study of the Life History of Poehlman notes research was provision for establishing outlying the Corn Plant and of the Physical and being more defined after forming the experimental fields. This effort grew Chemical Conditions of Climate, Soil Department of Agronomy. T he from 5 to 39 locations. The general and Atmosphere, That Determine Its Aru1ual Report of the Experiment rule was to rent 5 - I 0 acres and estab­ Profitable Growth." Station in 1896 stated, "It is held that lish a rotation. After 5 - 10 years, By 1892 the agriculture teaching thorough and continuous work done Miller felt more could be learned by program was moved from the senior along a few of the most important lines closing one location and moving to year of the B.S. degree to the first year. of investigation will be productive of another. Poehlman notes the course offerings tl1e greater good to tile agricultural As tile years progressed, other thereafter were nearly constant for interests tl1an will be superficial and faculty members were doing coopera­ more than 30 years. unscientific work covering many lines". tive experiments on fanners' fields. Henry J. Waters (A native of This principle of choosing points of Studies of alfalfa, sugar beets, cowpeas, Center, MO and an MU graduate) was excellence and focus was important corn trials, field surveys of pastures, appointed Dean in 1895 and served tl1en and remains a guiding one to this variety experiments on wheat, winter 1mtiJ 1909. The College flourished day. and spring oats and winter and spri.ng under his leadership. When the Department of barley were conducted. By 1912 there Frederick B. Mumford came in Agronomy was established in 1904, were 235 cooperative experiments in 1895 as Professor of Agriculture. He College enrollment was 147 (72 in the 108 of tile 114 counties. This brought served as acting Dean from 1903 - winter course; 74 in tile four-year the research close to the people, a 1905 while Waters was on study leave. collegiate course and one graduate remarkable forerunner to extension It was thus under Mumford's leader­ student). Offices were in Switzler HaJJ work across this widely diverse state. ship that Merrill Miller was named the on the Francis Quadrangle. In 1909 In 1902 students in the College of first Professor of Agronomy and the the offices were moved to the newly Agriculture Clu b proposed formation Department was formed. Miller had constructed Waters Hall. of an organization to promote seed one assistant. Upon his appointment as corn and corn cultural practices. From Poehlman notes that the 1897 - 98 Professor in 1904, Miller set the goal this beginning the Missouri Corn course of study contained three titles: of "becoming familiar with tile various Growers Association was formed in "The Soil" and "Principles of Manure soils areas of Missouri, the crops 1904. This organization flourished for

2 CoLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FooD AND NATURAL REsoURCES many years, then waned. In 1982 the corn growers reestablished a state-wide organization with the cooperation of the Agronomy Department. This group played a major role in bringing William A. Albrecht, the home office of the National Corn soil scientist, identi­ Growers from Iowa to its present fied the soil on Plot headquarters in St. Louis. In the early 23 on Sanborn Field that became the 1980s, this group also tried to establish source of Aure­ a corn checkoff system for research and omycin, the world's promotion, but were thwarted by the second antibiotic. commercial hybrid companies. The Missouri Soybean Association was formed in 1966. Again, with coop­ eration from the College, they played a major role in establishing a checkoff system for soybean research and ciple from which tile entire University William C. Etheridge came to MU promotion. Through these funds, can benefit. from Florida in 1916. He became research and extension projects were In 1914 C. B. Hutchison (a Professor and Chair, a post he held for funded and the first Soybean Extension Missouri native and MU graduate), was 39 years untill955. Specialist, Zane Helsel, was employed serving on the Agronomy faculty. He Thus, Miller and Eilieridge set in 1980. The organization lobbied to received an appointment offer at about building unique departments of obtain Federal funds for positions at Cornell University. As a consideration Soils and Farm Crops (renamed Field MU and the Donald Danforth Plant for him to stay at MU, Miller agreed Crops in 1920). Science Center in St. Louis in the to his request for a separate Farm Poehlman (to whom the editor is I 990's. They endowed three chairs for Crops Department and split the deeply indebted for much of this early soybea.n research and, more recently, Agronomy Department into three history) suggests tllat Miller and they played a key role in working with departments: Farm Crops, Soils and Etl1eridge charted widely different Senator Christopher (Kit) Bond as he Agricultural Engineering. Two years pailis for their departments. (The obtained $33.3 million for tl1e Life later, Hutchison accepted a second editor honors this conclusion, but will Sciences Center to be opened in 2004. offer from Cornell. develop a different one.) After Henry Waters went to Kansas State University as President, Mumford served as Dean from 1909 - 193 8. He emphasized a principle that serves well to this day, "No hard and fast line is drawn between the College and the Station. AJI Staff will do some original investigation; tl1ose witll wmsual capacity for research will be encouraged to devote more time to investigation, those who exhibit special ability for teaching are encouraged to devote more time to teaching". This approach continues after 100 years to serve students of tile College and research activities of the Station contribute to the welfare of all Missourians. It is a land grant prin- An early soils science class.

CoLLEGE OF AGRI CULTURE, FooD AND NATURAL REsoURcEs 3 Agricult:ure in Missouri entered a new era with the establishment of the College. FE. Mumford, animal scientist and later dean of the College, devoted his life to establishing a strong reseanh foundation. It was under Mu·mford's leadership that the Department ofAgronomy was formed.

Mill er, Poehlman notes, tells this wonderful story. "I drove on State or Hatch!Smiili!Lever funds. surrounded himself with colleagues Prof. Etheridge - he didn't choose to Records show iliat multiple sources of like Albrecht, Bradfield, Jenny, Bauer drive a car himself. If I took him to funds have been used throughout our and Marshall whose basic research Jefferson City and he couldn't get the histo.ry. brought a national reputation to the funds he wanted, he'd get on the train We are now ready to trace the Soils faculty. However, as we shaJJ see, and go to see Clarence Cannon, history of individual program themes the Soils faculty also developed soil Speaker of the U.S. House of Repre­ and ilieir current status. survey, soil chemistry and testing, so il sentatives (Missouri). Mr. Caru1on We have noted Miller's statewide erosion, fertility and irrigation would often see to it that new Federal efforts to study Missouri soils and me management that greatly benefited the funds became avai lable- a tradition crops that were adapted to mem across Missouri farmer. Senator Christopher (Kit) Bond the state. Ethridge, Poehlman notes, continues to this year of ilie Centen­ disdained the national scene; he nial. SOIL SURVEY GENESIS remained steadfast to the principle that Poehlman notes Mi ll er brought AND CLASSIFICATION departmental research in field crops faculty from many places; Etheridge should be dedicated to improving the filled his faculty from the ranks of he Soil Survey, starting with welfare of the Missouri farmer. He former students. T $5,000 of state funds, was led by also filled his ranks from former The story of L.]. Stadler is a case C. F. Marbut from 1905- 1916. When students. It is true he made this local in point. He was a St. Louis native, he left to head ilie Federal Bureau of emphasis, but be also sought Federal but earned his B.S. in Florida and took Soils, H. H. Krusekopf (on me faculty funds which first supported Lewis J. several classes from Etheridge when since 1908) took leadership of the Soil Stadler (maize and barley genetics) and Etheridge was teaching iliere. Survey. Clarence L. Scrivn er (1943- Ernest R. Sears (wheat genetics). Etheridge brought him to MU to 86) followed Krusekopf and gave foun­ Stadler (funded by USDA and MU pursue graduate studies oi1 improve­ dational support to Soil Surveys. In 50150, 1930-1954) was appointed in ment of cereal crops wim a scholarship recent years, R. David Hammer (1986 1917 and Sears (USDA) in 1936. Both funded by tl1e USDA. Stadler attained - present) has directed a State-funded, earned National Academy of Science a Ph.D. in 192 3 and continued on ilie accelerated soi l survey laboratory iliat membership for their basic research. faculty for his career. places Missouri in me front rank of In sum, Etherid ge often sought It is interesting to reflect that we full y mapped soils. Federal funds for faculty positions. sometimes now think our faculty Professor Emeritus Lloyd Cavanah members are unique because not al l are

4 CoLLEGE oF AGRICULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REso R £5 Gregory Buya novsky (1981 - 95) ca ll ed the Missouri Management MICROBIOLOGY SOIL generalized long-term data from Systems Eva luation Area (MSEA) illi am A. AJbrecht (1914- 57) Sanborn Field and found that more project. W was a widely lmown and inspi­ productive crop varieties since 1950 A regional soil resting laboratory rational introductory soils teacher and provide a very positive carbon balance. was established at the Delta Center developed a course in Soil .Microbi­ Diann Jordan (1990 - 2000) served paid for by subscription from the nine ology. He was employed by Miller to in the Soil Microbiology teaching and Delta counties in the late 1960's. J. R. address nitrogen deficiencies in crop research effort and focused on earth­ Brown developed a second regional production through legume inocula­ worm communities. lab to serve the northern counties in tion. In collaboration with Dr. 1977. Manjula Nathan (1994 to the Soil Testing and Benjamin Duggar (a former MU SOIL CHEMISTRY AND present) directs Service Laboratories faculty member) and the Lederele SOIL TESTING Plant Diagnostic Laboratories in New Jersey, he identi­ and is in charge of the Missouri Soil fi ed the soil of Plot 23 on Sanborn ork by E. R. Graham and C. Testing Association's accreditation Field that became the source of Aure­ W M. Woodruff laid the founda­ program. omycin, the second antibiotic (after tion for an extensive county-based soil (1960s) penicillin). A sample of soil from Plot testing system. T. R. Fisher SOIL FERTILITY AND 27 is stored in the Smithsonian Institu­ provided major studies in soil testing PLANT NUTRITION tion. and crop yield calibration studies as George Wagner (1957 - 1992) well as teaching soil fertility. ames R. Brown (1963 - 98) taught focused on the carbon cycle in soils Robert W Blanchar (1968 - 99) JSoil Fertility and Plant Nutrition and development of C14 measuring taught soil chemistry and conducted and did a wide range of soil fertility methods as well as teaching soil micro­ research using micro-electrodes for studies on both row and forage crops. biology. Wagner served as Agronomy pH, pE, and ion activities as weU as Earl Kroth (1959- 80) gave special Director of Graduate Studies for 25 chemical equilibria in soil and water emphasis to forage fertilization and years and was Department Chair from systems. taught soil conservation .. 1983 - 84. B. G. Volk (1984- 90) served as James Roth (Delta Center) (1953- Robert Kremer (USDA) (1983 to Department Chair of Agronomy from 81) provided soil ferri)jty research on present) studies ways to use natural soil 1984- 90. In 1990, he assisted the all Delta Center crops. microorganisms to suppress weeds. He University of Missouri and the USDA­ Peter Motavalli (1999 to present) teaches Soil Microbiology. ARS obtain the water quality grant teaches Soil Fertility and Plant Nutri­ tion, Soils and the Environment, and researches nutrient cycling and nutrient management practices. Gene Stevens (Delta Center) (1994 to present) conducts research and extension in soil fertility for all Delta Center crops. Agricultural Hall (now known as Swit­ Gary W. Colliver (1974 - 79), zler Hail) on H·ancis Daryl Buchholz (1980- 91), Nyle Quadrangle, was the Wollenhaupt (1985 - 89), Roger original horne of the Hanson (1976 - 89) and Paul Tracy D epartment of (Delta Center [1986 - 93]) each carried Agronomy in 1904. on soil fertility research extension roles. Peter Scharf (1995 to present) develops and promotes methods to optimize nutrient application rates and

CoLLEGE OF AG RI CULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsouRCES 5 to minimize nutrient movement to claypan erosion station. R. E . Bu rwell Claire Baffaut (FAPRI) (2002 to surface and ground water. (USDA) (1954) was an early leader at present) leads the Watershed Modeling John Lory, Commercial Agricul­ McCredie. T he McCredi e ownership Group in the Food and Agricultural ture (1995 to present), focuses on effi­ was transferred fr om USDA to the Policy Institute. cient use of nutrients to protect water Missouri Agri cultural Experiment Glenn Davis (1997 to present) quali ty and develops decision support Station in 1957. studies optimizing spatial applications for nutrient management planners. Clark Gantzer (1982 to present) of fertilizer to promote use of precision studies tillage effects on erodibility, agriculture. organic matter and soi l SOIL EROSION, su·ucture using Frieda Eivazi (Lincoln University) fracta l x-ray computer tomograph, CONSERVATION TILLAGE and (1988 to present) does research and AND PRECISION teaches Soil Conservation. teaching in conservation tillage and Several USDA AGRICULTURE personnel continue agricultural sustainability. this long tradition. issouri was a pioneer in soil Newell Kitchen (USDA) (1990 to CLAYMflVERALOLOGY M erosion studies. A student present) studies precision farming and project by R. W. McClure ( 1915) was water quality, soil fertility, crop he chemistry of colloidal clays (a followed up by M. F. Miller, F. L. nutrient management and site specific T major soi ls challenge in North­ Duley (1915 - 28) and C. M. crop management. east Missouri) was stuclied in depth by Woodruff. L. D. Baver directed the Robert Lerch (USDA) (1991 to Richard Bradfield (1920 - 27), Hans reconnaissance soil erosion survey in present) focuses on soil and water Jenny (1927 - 36), L. D. Baver (1928- 1935. The original plots are commem­ chemistry, and watershed vulnerability 3 7), C. E. Marshall (1936- 76), E. R. orated near the University Hospital. to losses of agricultural chemicals. Graham (193 7 - 77), and William Designated a National Historic Site in E. E . Alberts (USDA) (1979 to Upchurch (1953- 84). 1965, they spawned ten erosion present) works on management stations across the U.S. to study soil systems for contro]]jng soil erosion. SOIL PHYSICS erosion. Woodruff worked at the Michael Aide (SEMO) (2003 to Bethany site in the early 1930's. In present) works the areas of soi l .D. Baver (1928- 37) worked on 1935, the McCreclie site near Kingdom mineralogy and soi I genesis and classi­ L the influences of exchangeable City (selected by Woodruff and fication. cations on the structure of colloidal Krusekopf) was purchased for the clay. After leaving Missouri, he wrote one of the early textbooks in soil physics. C. M. Woodruff (1938- 76) took ideas from Sanborn Field to establish claypan irrigation guidelines still in use today. Joe Bradford (USDA) (1969- 78) studied the mechanics of gully erosion and the effects of subsoil modification on plant growth. Vernon C. Jamison (USDA) (195 5 - 68) worked on soil and water conservation and management for claypan soil. William Teague (1976- 83) taught soil physics courses and worked on the concept of effective soil water potential Waters Hall became the home of the Departme-nt ofAgroncrmy when it was constructed in for steady, radial-axial flow of water is 1909. root systems.

6 CoLLEGE oF AGRICULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsouRcEs Stephen H. Anderson (1985 to Randy Miles now serves as James Harrington and Robert present; Department Chair) teaches Director of the MO Small Flows Livezy had short appointments Soil Physics and evaluates macropore­ Wastewater Research Training Center followed by Stephen Mudrick (1976 - scale soil hydraulic properties and at Bradford Farm, coaches the MU 99). He focused on the dynamics of processes using x-ray computed Soil Judging Team and provides mid-latitude frontal wnes and cyclonic tomography. He served as the administrative leadership for Sanborn storms. Director of Graduate Studies for Soil Field. He is also the Director of Grad­ Christopher Ratley (1988 - 98) Science for 14 years. uate Studies in the Department of Soil, gave additional emphasis on under­ John Sadler (USDA) (2003 to Environmental and Atmospheric graduate teaching and advising, and present) is the research leader for the Sciences. served as advisor to the undergraduate Cropping Systems and Water Quality Introductory Soil Science Lab is Meteorology Club. Unit and works in precision agricul­ taught on a rotation basis with Drs. The Deparnnent was first housed ture. Blanchar, Anderson, Gantzer, Miles, in a residence on Missouri Avenue, Hammer, and Motavalli having taken then from 1970 - 90 in a house on Hitt turns in the past 10 years. Street. They moved to Gentry Hall in SOILS EXTENSION 1990 and McReynolds Hall in 2002. xtension support for soil testing Wayne Decker was appointed ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE E work was provided by A. W State Climatologist in 1973. In 1995 Klemme, Marshall Christy, Alva he Atmospheric Science Program Dr. Steve Hu followed and in 1998, Preston and John Falloon. T at MU began with a cooperative Dr. Fikri A. Akyuz accepted this post. C. J. Johannsen (1972 - 84) agreement between MU and the U.S. Clarence Sakamoto (197 5 - 88), conducted extensive remote sensing Weather Bureau in 1948. Research Meteorologist, spearheaded studies of Missouri soils. Wayne Decker (1949 - 92) was USAID programs for assessing food appointed to the first agricultural security in developing countries. climatology position in 1949 located in The Cooperative Institute of FOREST SOILS the Soils Department. Courses were Applied Meteorology (1985 - 92) ray Henderson (1978 - 99) initially taught in Geography in the formalized a long partnership of the G taught "Forest Soils" and College of Arts and Science. Decker Federal Government and MU. "Natural Resources Management and served as Chair of Atmospheric Adnan Akyuz (1998 to present) Water Quality" courses and studied Science from 1967 - 92). teaches Climates of the World and watershed management effects on Early focus was on climatic risk Meteorological Instrumentation, is water quality. analysis. The M.S. and Ph.D. Director of the Missouri Climate Felix Ponder works for the U.S. programs resulted from the National Center and State Climatologist. Forest Service and has had an adjunct Defense Education Act in the 1960's. Pat Guinan (1996 to present) leads appointment with the Soils Depart­ Grant Darkow (1961- 95) was the Commercial Agriculture Auto­ ment since 1994. He is currently appointed in 1961 to develop theory mated Weather 21 Station Network. doing research in the area of distur­ courses, advise graduate students and Anthony Lupo ( 1997 to present) bance ecology. He investigates how he developed a research program in the teaches Atmospheric Dynamics and soil processes are affected as disturbed dynamics of severe storms. researches large scale atmospheric ecosystems recover or reach some level James McQuigg, National Oceanic dynamics, climate dynamics and of stability. and Atmospheric Administration, was climate change. He is now the an active cooperator beginning in the Director of Graduate Studies for the late 1950's. Department of Soil, Environmental SOILS TEACHING Ernest Kung (1967 - 1999) focused and Atmospheric Sciences. lbrecht, Graham, Woodruff, on the energetics of the atmosphere. Pat Market (1999 to present) A Scrivner, Luther Hughes (1978 - He was Chair of the Department of teaches Synoptic, Mesoscale and 83) and Randall Miles (1983 to Soil and Atmospheric Science from Microscale Meteorology. His research present) have carried the lead role in 1995- 98. focuses on weather systems that teaching Introductory Soils.

CoLLEGE oF AGRJCULTURE, FooD AND NATURAL REsouRcEs 7 ge nerate copious rain and snow in a short period of time. Neil I. Fox (2001 to present) teaches Introduction to Meteorology and Remote Sensing and currently advises the Meteorology Club : T he J oint Student Chapter of the American Meteorological Society and National Weather Association. His research is on statistical thunderstorms nowcasting.

AGRONOMY ield Crop Improvement has been F a focus for many years. From the early variety and species evaluations begun by Miller, work evolved into Mumford Hall. plant breeding and now genornics. Georgia Davis (1999 to present) resistance, seed protein and stalk Com does work on molecular mapping for strength. Genetic work on corn by Stadler fungal (Aspergillus) and insect (South­ Zhanyuan Zhang (2000 to present) was followed by his former student,]. western Com Borer and army worm) is Director of the Plant Transformation R. Laughnan (1954- 55), who soon resistance. She also teaches "Current Faciljty for corn and soybeans to returned to the University of Illinois. Topics in Genornics". enhance the introduction of foreign M . G. Neuffer (1951 - 92) and Ed Coe Mary Polacca (USDA) (1995 to genes. (USDA) (1955 to present) continued present) serves as curator of the Maize corn genetics research. Their work on Genome Data Base. Soybeans "Mutants of Maize" and genetic Marcus Zuber (USDA) (1949 - 82) Leonard Williams (USDA) (1951- mapping was the foundation for a developed many outstanding inbred 65) was the first faculty member at recent major NSF funded maize lines, developed methods for selection MU to focus on soybean breeding. He genome study. for stalk strength, improved white released the widely adapted Williams Gregory G. Doyle (USDA) 1960- corn cobs for pipes and with his variety. 90) studied cytogenetics of polyploidy student Clarence Grogan (USDA) Virgil Luedders (USDA) (19?? - and inversions in maize. (1956 - 60) released widely used MO- ??)followed Williams and emphasized Jack Beckett (USDA) (1963 - 90) l 7 inbred and other germplasm. genetic studies of soybean cyst nema­ carried out male sterility studies that Peter Loesch (1960 - 73) collabo­ tode resistance. contributed to amelioration of the rated with Zuber. Williams' student, Arnold Matson Southern Corn Leaf Blight suscepti­ Larry Darrah (USDA) (1977 to (1955- 65), broke the link of black bility and produced mapping tools for present) focuses on corn root and stalk seed coat and resistance to soybean maize. strength, food grade corn germplasm cyst nematode. Matson developed Russell Larson (USDA) (1964 - and serves as Research Leader for the varieties at the Delta Center followed 90) researched genetic control of Plam Genetics Research Unit, ARS, by Les Duclos (1966 - 7 5) and Grover biochemical mechanisms. USDA since 1991. He teaches Applied Shannon (1974- 76). Michael McMullen (USDA) (1993 Quantitative and Statistical Genetics. Sam Anand (1979 - 98) screened to present) focuses on the genetic, David WiUmot (USDA) (2001 to 10,000 cultivars of soybeans to find biological and molecular basis of agro­ present) evaluates sources of corn root­ resistance to all known soybean cys t nomic traits, particularly host plant worm and European Corn Borer nematode races and released Avery response to pathogens and pests. Hartwig and Delsoy 5500 varieties

8 CoLLEGE O F AGRICULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsotJRCES Dale Blevins (1978 to present) provides physiology leadership. All of this soybean emphasis has led to plans for a federally designated National Center for Soybean Tech ­ nology at MU.

Wheat Genetics and Breeding The early work of Stadler on several species included wheat. Ernest R. Sears (USDA) (1936 - 80) studied chromosome pairing and transferred rust resistance from rye to wheat, a feat that earned him (as Stadler before him) the prestigious Wolff Prize membership in the National Academy of Science. Curtis Hall. Lottie Sears (1936- 73) was a longtime associate of Ernie and exam­ among others. He continues work on and genes controlling plant adaptation. ined chromosome behavior. superior oil compositions. He considers gene discovery and meta­ Gordon Kimber (1967 - 2001) Grover Shannon (Endowed bolic engineering for stress tolerance studied a range of cytogenetic prob­ Professor) (1974- 76; 2003 to present) and value added traits. lems on wheat, participated in organ­ develops productive cultivars, breeding Hari Krislman (USDA) (1986 to izing the Stadler Genetics Symposium methodologies for pest resistance and present) seeks to improve the overall and taught cytogenetics. lines for special traits, e.g., modified quality of soybeans and especially to ]. Perry Gustafson (USDA) (1981 fatty acids, tofu, hatto, high protein. increase methionine and lysine. He to present) works on improved wheat L1 1988, the Missouri soybean also studies biological nitrogen fixa­ tolerance on acid soils high in producers called for a program to tion. aluminum and gene expression in develop varieties for North Missouri. Prakash Arelli (USDA) (1985 to hybrids of wheat and other species, and Phil Owens (1989 - 94) found 2001) (December 2001 to Present: has organized recent Stadler Genetics advanced material at Illinois and Adjunct Professor) worked on finding Symposia. released Saline. new sources of resistance to the ]. M. Poehlman (1936- 80) David Sieper (1974 to present) soybean cyst nematode and studying released several varieties of wheat and shifted his emphasis from grass the inheritance of resistance. published four editions of Field Crop breeding to soybeans in 1994 and Zane Helsel (1981 - 85) was the Breeding, the last (1995) co-authored focuses on resistance to soybean cyst first full-time extension soybean with D. A. Sieper. nematode, Phytopthora root rot and specialist and was initially funded by C. Hayward was a collaborator on other stresses as well as modifying oil the soybean checkoff. wheat breeding with Poehlman. and protein content. His releases Harry Minor (1978 - 2000) Dale Sechler (195 5 - 60, 1967 - include Mustang, Magellan, Maverick emphasized seed quality and variety 86) followed Poehlman and released and 7 other varieties. evaluation methodology. varieties as well as teaching plant Paul Beuselinck (USDA) (1981 to William Wiebold (1989 to present) breeding. present) works on soybean seed physi­ followed him and built a comprehen­ Anne McKendry (1987 to present) ology with altered seed composition sive effort. A "Soybean Doc" regular followed Sechler. She has released and effect on seedling growth. colwllll appears in The Soybean scab resistant Ernie and Truman (a Henry Nguyen (Endowed Farmer and he leads variety evaluation national first) and teaches Field Crop Professor) (2002 to present) studies in soybeans and corn. Breeding and Genetics of Agricultural genetics and physical mapping of traits Plants and Animals.

CoLLEGE OF AGRJCULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsouRCES 9 The Lift Sciences Center will be dedicated Sept. 17, 2004. Research programs housed in the Center will use new technologies to improve crop productivity, food safety, and animal health and nproduction.

David Sieper (1974 to present) and natural defense proteins in tall FORAGE BREEDING AND focused on removing fu11gi endophytes fescue and birdsfoot trefoil. MANAGEMENT in tall fescue and released no-endo­ James Gerrish (1981 - 2003) phyte M0-96 and several others. researched pasture management, intro­ nunett Pinell (1957- 67) bred Howell Wheaton (1968 - 85) duced management intensive grazing E alfalfa and conducted variety developed extension programs in and developed the concept of grazing trials. pasture management and economic schools at the Forage Systems Joe Baldridge (USDA) (1950s - fertility programs. Research Center in Linneus, MO. 70s) researched lespedeza and birdsfoot E. Marion Brown (USDA) (1938 - Richard Joost (Southwest Center- Dawn birdsfoot trefoil; he released 61) researched a range of pasture 1990 - 93 and Columbia -1993 - 96) trefoil. management approaches. led the Southwest Center and (1951 - 56) taught Marion Offut A. G. Matches (USDA) (1961 - 82) conducted research on forage manage­ and bred lespedeza. field crops pursued systems forage management, ment. Beuselinck (USDA) (1981 to Paul plant-animal interactions, added a Rob Kallenbach (1998 to present) Marion lespedeza and present) released number of native and introduced emphasizes winter feeding systems for strain of birds foot trefoil a rhizomatous species and led an interdisciplinary beef and dairy cattle including he found in Morocco. forage management group of faculty. improved alfalfa hay production, stock­ Robert McGraw (1986 to present) ]. C. Henning (1980s) provided piled fescue and winter annuals to collection of native and evaluates a leadership for forage management extend the grazing season. legumes for agroforestry introduced extension. C. Jerry Nelson (1967-2002 as full uses. He teaches Introductory Plant James Forwood (USDA) (1982 - time, 50% time to present). Research Science and Forage Management. 85) continued the forage management activity was on photosynthesis, leaf Dwain Horrocks did alfalfa variety research. elongation rates, and tillering of tall testing, research on corn production Craig Roberts (1988 to present) fescue; seedling growth of perennial and extension corn, sorghum and provides extension knowledge for warm-season grasses; and physiology soybean variety testing. forage quality and grazing systems and studies on seedling establishment and Kay H. Asay (1965 - 74) initiated leads work in forage quality evaluation persistence of alfalfa. the tall fescue breeding program.

10 CoLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsovR ES llichard Mattas (Southwest ta ught an undergraduate course in Elroy Peters (USDA) (1956 - 85) Center) (1965 - 99) supported a wide Crops and Soi ls Management that researched weed management systems range of agronomy field studies. integrated the principles of crop and for legume establishment in pastures. soil science, a graduate-level crop Harold Kerr (1967 - 92) first at the physiology course, and coordinated COTTON Delta Center, then at Columbia, gradu ate seminars. researched herbicide and crop manage­ illiam Sappenfield (1948- 51; Dale Blevins (1978 to present) ment systems for weed control. W 1956 - 88) developed short studies plant nutrition a11d physiology Mike DeFelice (1985- 94) season cotton varieties for the Delta w:ith an emphasis on the role of boron expanded the commercial firms Center. and the effects of phosphate on magne­ supporting his independent evaluation David Albers (1991 - 94) devel- sium uptake and transport. He teaches of herbicides and development of weed oped cotton production models and Plant Physiology and Nutrient Uptake management systems. He innovated precision agriculture. and Metabolism in Plants. the use of computer and image tech­ Bobby Phipps (1989 to present) Mel Keener (1970s) conducted nology in teaching weed science. has a comprehensive research/exten­ corn modeling studies on corn with BiliJohnson (1995 - 2002) sion program: variety trials, irrigation, special emphasis on water stress. continued this program w:ith emphasis replanting, defoliation, fertilizers and Robert Sharp (1986 to present) on herbicide evaluation in no-rill growth regulators. (Department Chair) addresses regula­ management systems. tion of root and shoot growth Laurel Anderson (1965 - 85) responses to drought (with special offered a comprehensive extension ARABIDOPSIS emphasis on abscisic acid) and teaches program in weed management. George Redei (1957 - 91) introduced Advanced Plant Physiology. Andy Kendig (1992 to present) tills plant from Hungary and laid the provides research and extension weed science support to Delta producers. foundation for its present widespread WEED SCIENCE research use. He taught Plant Richard Aldrich (1978 - 88) taught Genetics, initiated the Stadler Genetics .Hale Fletchall (1948- 85) estab­ weed science and developed a textbook Symposium and published a textbook 0 lished weed science research and with Robert Kremer entitled Principles Genetics. a Genetics Manual: Current teaching. He evaluated essentially all of Weed Management. Theory Concepts. Terms and an Ency­ available herbicides. clopedic Dictionary of Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics.

CROP PHYSIOLOGY was added as a disciplinary focus in Agronomy in 1967. C.]. Nelson (First Curators' Professor in Agriculture) (1967 - 2002) researched carbon metaboUsm and cellular dynamic associated with leaf growth of tall fescue and alfalfa persist­ ence. He taught Plant Science Orien­ tation and Crop Physiology and co-authored the two volume, 5th and 6th Editions of the resource book Forages. David Jolmson (1970- 1977) researched soybean physiology and soybean production, including an inte­ grated approach to soybean research The Clover and Prosperity demonstration tntck carried extension exhibits to 12 counties in involving multiple disciplines. He 1922.

11 CoLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FooD AND NATURAL REsoURcEs \tVilliam Donald (USDA) (I Y89 to ment cha ir. Introductory Crops Joe Scott (195 8 - 8 8) served the present) studies economical weed Teachin g was led in recent years by Delta producers in crops extension managemen t to minimize surface and Charl es Hayward , C. Jerry elson, from 1958 - 82 and as Superintendent ground wa ter contamination. Kenneth La rson, Diane Helsel, of th e Delta Center from 1982 - 88. Reid Smeda (1996 to present) Kenneth Larson and • Robert McGraw. R. Dwain Horrochs (1967 - 78) teaches Weed Science and researches carried out expanded state-wide eva lu a­ altern ative weed m anagement systems CROPS EXTENSION tions of corn and sorghum hybrids and as we ll as biology of new and problem soybean and alfalfa variety trials. weeds. He also serves as P lant Science ay C. Hackleman (191 7) was the Harry Mi nor (1978 - 2000) Director of Undergraduate Studies Jfirst Extension Professor of Field directed the state-wide variety trials Programs for Plant Science. Crops. and provided multiple crop extension Kevin Bradley (2003 to present) Vlola Stanway (1941 - 79) served and research wi th Helsel on early evaluates new herbicides and weed as the seed analyst f or certified seed. season short-day hybrid corn. He also management techniques. He studies Lloyd Cavanah (1948 - 85) taught pioneered expa nded va ri ety testing. the interactions that occur between Seed Science, supervised the Bradford Ken Keph art (1980s) carried out weeds, insects, and diseases as well as Farm, led the Foundation Seed extension and research on sma ll grains. herbicide res istant biotypes. P rogram and guided the Department's Fred Fishel (1996 to present) is Shawn Conley's (2001 to present) business management. responsible for the Integrated Pest applied extension and research Wynard Aslin (1962 - 87) led the Management and Pesticide Safety program focuses on small grains Missouri Seed Improvement Associa­ programs. production, alternative crops, and tion. Harlan Palm (1999 to present) cropping systems management with a Bill M urphy (1949- 81) and]. fo cuses on precision agriculture and strong focus on winter wheat and alter­ Ross Fleetwood covered all aspects of leads a project to implement and va li ­ nati ve crop production systems. field crops extension. date sensor-based, site-specific crop For many decades the introductory James Schaffer (1983 - 83) was the management. crops course was taught by the depart- small grains extension specialist. Shawn Conley (2001 to present) does extension and research on small grains, alternative crops and cropping systems management. P aul Tracy (1986 to present) at the D elta Center and then MFA is Director of Agronomy Services for MFA Incorporated and coll aborates with several faculty. Rob Myers (1989 - 94; 1998 to present) first served in a Food for the 21st Century position on alternative crops and now is Director of the Thomas Jefferson Agricultural Insti­ tute which seeks to improve agricul­ tural sustainability. Kelly Nelson (Greenl ey Research Center) (2000 to present) researches integration of crop producti on systems with the economic realities of farm management. ] . W. Sanborn in Sanborn Field.

1 2 CoLLEGE oF AG RI llLTURE, Fooo AND NATURAL REsouRCES AGRICULTURE EXPERIMENT STATION

ary F. Krau~e (19~5 .- 2003). served as Sta ti on Statisti cian and helped many fa culty members G develop thetr staosocal des1gn as well as teaching statistics to many of our students.

Sanborn Field (1888 to present), with its illustrious history, had the following faculty in charge: 1. J. W Sanborn .1888- 1889 2. H.]. Waters 1889- 1904 3. M . F. Miller 1905-1917 4. F. L. Duley 1918-1925 5. H. H. Krusekopf 1926-1936 6. George Smith 1937 .:. 1982 7. W A. Albrecht 1942- 1949 8. George Smith 1949- 1966 9. C. M. Woodruff 1966- 1976 10. William Upchurch 1976- 1984 11. J. R. Brown 1984- 1998 12. Randy Miles 1998 to present

Bradford Farm (Agronomy Research Center) (1959 to present) had three leaders: 1. Lloyd Cavanah (with day-to-day support by AJ Kastner) 2. John Poehlman 3. Tim Rein batt (present)

Department Chairs

Name Deparonent Time of Service 1. M. F. Miller Agronomy 1904- 1914 2. M. F. Miller Soils 1914- 1938 3. C. B. Hutchison Farm Crops 1914- 1916 4. W. A. Albrecht Soils 1938-1958 5. George Smith Soils 1958- 1967 6. William C. Etheridge Field Crops 1916-1957 7. E. Pinnell Field Crops 1957- 1967 8. C. M. Woodruff Agronomy 1967- 1969 9. Wayne Decker Atmospheric Science 1967- 1992 10. R. L. Mitchell Agronomy 1969- 1972 11. L. Cavanah Agronomy 1972 - 1973 12. E. C. A. Runge Agronomy 1973 - 1980

13 0 R. Aldrich Agronomy 1980- 1981 14. R. L. Mitchell Agronomy 1981-1983 15. G . Wagner Agronomy 1983 - 1984 16. B. Volk Agronomy 1984- 1989 17. C.]. Nelson Agronomy 1989- 1991 18. R. Blanchar Soil and Aonospheric Sciences 1992- 1995 19. E. Kung Soil and Aonospheric Sciences 1995-1998 20. David Sieper Agronomy 1991 - 1999 23. R. D. Hammer Soil and Aonospheric Sciences 1998 - 2002 22. Dale Blevins Agronomy 1999- 2000 23. Robert Sharp Agronomy 2000 - present 24. Steve Anderson Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences 2003 -present

To access current faculty and an expanded, current summary of their programs, see these websites: http://www. psu.rnissouri.edula gronomy/faculty.stm http://www.snr.missouri .edu/seas / facul ty.h tml

CoLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FooD AND NATURAL REsouRcEs '3 FACULTY IN NATIONAL SOCIETIES

National Academy of Sciences

L.]. Stadler E . R. Sears

Presidents of Professional Societies

American Society of Agronomy Crop Science Societ;y of America M. F. Miller (1924) R. L. Mitchell (1976) R. L. Mitchell (1980) C.]. Nelson (1988) C.]. Nelson (1996) D. A. Sieper (2001)

Soil Science Society of America American Genetic Association W. A. Albrecht (1938) E. H. Coe (1994) C. E. Marshall ( 1946)

International Crop Science Societ;y Genetics Society of America C.]. Nelson (2000- 2004 -Inaugural President) Ernest R.Sears (1978 - 1979)

FELLOWS

American Society of Agronomy Soil Science Society of America W. A. Albrecht 193 7 W. A Albrecht 1937 D. G., Blevins 1992 R. W. Blancher 1985 L. L. Darrah 1994 ]. R. Brown 1998 ]. P. Gustafson 1998 C. ]. J ohannson 1981 C.]. Johannsen 1981 R. L. Mitchell 1973 N. E. Justus 1988 E. C. A. Runge 1977 K. L. Larson 1978 G. H. Wagner 1980 A G. Matches 1976 C. M. Woodruff 1955 R. L. Mitchell 1973 C.]. Nelson 1978 Crop Science Soci!:t;y of Am!:rica E. C. A. Runge 1977 D. G. Blevins 1992 D. A. Sieper 1985 E. H. Coe, Jr. 1993 R.J. Volle 1985 L. L. Darrah 1990 G. H. Wagner 1980 K. L. Larson 1978 C. M. Woodruff 1955 A. G. Matches 1976 R. L. Mitchell 1973 C.J.Nelson 1978 H. T Nguyen 1999 D. A. Sieper 1986

CoLLEGE oF AGRICULTURE, Fooo AND NATUl!AL R EsouRcEs L - R, Raw 1: Roger Mitchell, Patrick Market, Anthony Lupo, Stephen Muck-rick Raw 2: Frieda Evazi, Robert Sharp, Larry Darrah, John Sadler, David Sieper, Grover Shannon, Peter Schaif, Wayne Decker Raw 3: David Wilhnot, Perry Gustafson, Sam Anand, Robert Kallenbach, Jerry Nelson, Dale Sechln; George liVttgne-r, Hawe/1 Wheaton, Manjula Nathan Raw 4: Cmig Roberts, Fred Fishel, Claire Baffaut, Kevin Bradley, Dale Blevins, Gerry Neziffer, C. L. Scrivner, Clark Gantzer, Reid Smeda, Anne McKendry Raw 5: Henry Nguyen, Paul Tracy, Harlan Palm, Adnan Akyuz, Pat Guinan, William Wiebold, Robe-rt McGraw, Gene Stevens, John Lory, Peter Motavalli, Eugene Alberts Raw 6: John lftng, Robert Lerch, NewelJ Kitchen, Randy Miles, Steve Anderson, Zhanyuan Zhang SR 554 5/04/500