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Kodo Study Guide 1011.Indd 2010–2011 SEASON SchoolTime Study Guide Kodo Friday, February 4, 2011 at 11 a.m. Zellerbach Hall, University of California, Berkeley Welcome to SchoolTime On Friday, February 4 at 11am, your class will att end a SchoolTime performance of Kodo (Taiko drumming) at Cal Performances’ Zellerbach Hall. In Japan, “Kodo” meana either “hearbeat” or “children of the drum.” These versati le performers play a variety of instruments – some massive in size, some extraordinarily delicate that mesmerize audiences. Performing in unison, they wield their sti cks like expert swordsmen, evoking thrilling images of ancient and modern Japan. Witnessing a performance by Kodo inspires primal feelings, like plugging into the pulse of the universe itself. Using This Study Guide You can use this study guide to engage your students and enrich their Cal Performances fi eld trip. Before att ending the performance, we encourage you to: • Copy the Student Resource Sheet on pages 2 & 3 for your students to use before the show. • Discuss the informati on on pages 4-5 About the Performance & Arti sts. • Read About the Art Form on page 6, and About Japan on page 11 with your students. • Engage your class in two or more acti viti es on pages 13-14. • Refl ect by asking students the guiding questi ons, found on pages 2,4,6 & 11. • Immerse students further into the subject matt er and art form by using the Resource and Glossary secti ons on pages 15 & 16. At the performance: Your class can acti vely parti cipate during the performance by: • Listening to Kodo’s powerful drum rhythms and expressive music • Observing how the performers’ movements and gestures enhance the performance • Thinking about how you are experiencing a bit of Japanese culture and history by att ending a live performance of taiko drumming • Marveling at the skill of the performers • Refl ecti ng on the sounds, sights, and performance skills you experience at the theater. We look forward to seeing you at SchoolTime! SchoolTime Kodo | Table of Contents 1. Theater Eti quett e 1 2. Student Resource Sheet 2 3. About the Performance and the Arti sts 4 4. About the Art Form 6 5. About Japan 11 6. Learning Acti viti es & Resources 13 7. Glossary 16 8. California State Standards 17 About SchoolTime 18 | SchoolTime Kodo 1 Theater Etiquette Be prepared and arrive early. Ideally you should arrive at the theater 30 to 45 minutes before the show. Allow for travel ti me and parking, and plan to be in your seats at least 15 minutes before the performance begins. Be aware and remain quiet. The theater is a “live” space—you can hear the performers easily, but they can also hear you, and you can hear other audience members, too! Even the smallest sounds, like rustling papers and whispering, can be heard throughout the theater, so it’s best to stay quiet so that everyone can enjoy the performance without distracti ons. The internati onal sign for “Quiet Please” is to silently raise your index fi nger to your lips. Show appreciati on by applauding. Applause is the best way to show your enthusiasm and appreciati on. Performers return their appreciati on for your att enti on by bowing to the audience at the end of the show. It is always appropriate to applaud at the end of a performance, and it is customary to conti nue clapping unti l the curtain comes down or the house lights come up. Parti cipate by responding to the acti on onstage. Someti mes during a performance, you may respond by laughing, crying or sighing. By all means, feel free to do so! Appreciati on can be shown in many diff erent ways, depending upon the art form. For instance, an audience att ending a string quartet performance will sit very quietly, while the audience at a gospel concert may be inspired to parti cipate by clapping and shouti ng. Concentrate to help the performers. These arti sts use concentrati on to focus their energy while on stage. If the audience is focused while watching the performance, they feel supported and are able to do their best work. They can feel that you are with them! Please note: Backpacks and lunches are not permitt ed in the theater. Bags will be provided for lobby storage in the event that you bring these with you. There is absolutely no food or drink permitt ed in the seati ng areas. Recording devices of any kind, including cameras, cannot be used during performances. Please remember to turn off your cell phone. SchoolTime Kodo | 1 Student Resource Sheet 2 Kodo Questi ons to Think About During the Performance • What does Kodo’s name mean? • Name an important part of Kodo’s training. • According to myth, what is the origin of taiko? • How has taiko been used in Japanese culture? What You’ll See Your class will att end a performance by Kodo, Japan’s master taiko drumming company. Celebrati ng its 30th anniversary with the One Earth Tour, Kodo will perform new works as well as classic pieces. The 13-member troupe includes musicians, singers and dancers and features a large number of percussion instruments from hand cymbals to the enormous 800-pound o-daiko drum. About Kodo The name Kodo comes from two Japanese writt en symbols for “child” and “play,” showing Kodo’s wish to play their music with the “heart of a child.” Kodo also means heartbeat, the most basic of all rhythms. The group was formed in 1981 by men who moved to Sado Island in the Sea of Japan ten years earlier to concentrate on taiko, the traditi onal Japanese drum, and to study and preserve traditi onal Japanese performing arts. Kodo also creates new directi ons for taiko drumming through collaborati ons with arti sts from diff erent musical styles, including jazz, rock and world folk musicians. The company has performed thousands of shows and tours the world eight Kodo Apprenti ce Center months of the year. Because Kodo is considered the world’s Performers’ Strength leading taiko ensemble, many people come to Building physical endurance is an important Sado Island to learn from them. In response, Kodo part of Kodo’s training. Performers need energy created an apprenti ce program – like a mini- and strength not only to play the drums, but also university – to off er training in taiko and other to load and unload their instruments, including the Japanese performing arts. Students also learn huge o-daiko drum that needs eight people to lift about additi onal elements of Japanese culture, like and set it into place. history, farming and cooking. 2 | About Taiko Drumming The word taiko means “big drum” in Japanese. It also refers to all drums used in classical Japanese music and to the drummers who play them. Taiko come in all shapes and sizes, from the huge o-daiko to the small shime-daiko. Origins of Taiko Drums similar to Japanese taiko were introduced from China and Korea around the 4th century. Taiko became known as the voice of Buddha with the power to spread wisdom, compassion, truth and beauty through its rhythms. According to Japanese myth, the sun goddess once hid herself in a cave causing the world to go dark. In an att empt to to coax her out, the goddess Ame no Uzume danced, stomping her feet on a wooden tub. The loud drumming drew the sun goddess out of the cave, bringing light to the world again. Uses of Taiko Taiko has played a number of important roles in Japanese culture and traditi ons, with specifi c kinds of drums used for diff erent events. In warfare: Loud enough to be heard during batt le, taiko was used in wars to inspire soldiers, frighten the enemy and issue commands. At Imperial Court: Gagaku, one of the oldest styles of court music featured taiko drums and was performed in castles and shrines across Japan. In Performing Arts: Used in traditi onal Japanese Fast Facts About Japan theater like Noh and Kabuki, taiko sets a mood or Capital: Tokyo recreates sounds of weather and nature. Populati on: 127,463,611 people In Daily Life: In villages, taiko was central to many Offi cial Language: Japanese folk festi vals. Farmers believed its thunder-like sound Money: Japanese yen brought rain to their fi elds. Drumming signaled when Monarchy: Japan is the only country in the world with a men went to hunt and when storms were coming. reigning emperor. Although emperors have no real power, they symbolize Japan’s traditi ons and unity. Taiko was also used to determine the borders of Area: 145,883 square miles (roughly the size of Montana) villages. Since a village was only as large as the sound Major Rivers: Biwa, Inawashiro, Kasumigaura of their drums could travel, villages tried to create the Geography: Japan is an archipelago, or string of islands, loudest drums and have the best players. on the eastern edge of Asia. There are four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Almost four-fi ft hs In Spiritual Practi ce: In the Shinto belief system, of Japan is covered with mountains. The highest peak is Mount Fuji, a volcano considered sacred by many Japanese. spirits live in all natural things including the mountains, Japan has about 200 volcanoes, 60 of which are acti ve. water, fi re and animals. The taiko’s “voice” called these Three of the tectonic plates that form the earth’s crust gods when praying and giving thanks. Priests also used meet near Japan.
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