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												Comparing Alcohol Taxation Throughout the European Union
DATA NOTES doi:10.1111/add.14631 Comparing alcohol taxation throughout the European Union Colin Angus ,JohnHolmes & Petra S. Meier Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK ABSTRACT Background and Aims The World Health Organization recommends increasing alcohol taxes as a ‘best-buy’ approach to reducing alcohol consumption and improving population health. Alcohol may be taxed based on sales value, product volume or alcohol content; however, duty structures and rates vary, both among countries and between beverage types. From a public health perspective, the best duty structure links taxation level to alcohol content, keeps pace with inflation and avoids substantial disparities between different beverage types. This data note compares current alcohol duty structures and levels throughout the 28 European Union (EU) Member States and how these vary by alcohol content, and also considers implications for public health. Design and Setting Descriptive analysis using administrative data, Eu- ropean Union, July 2018. Measurements Beverage-specific alcohol duty rates per UK alcohol unit (8 g ethanol) in pounds sterling at a range of different alcoholic strengths. Findings Only 50% of Member States levy any duty on wine and several levy duty on spirits and beer at or close to the EU minimum level. There is at least a 10-fold difference in the effective duty rate per unit between the highest- and lowest-duty countries for each beverage type. Duty rates for beer and spirits stay constant with strength in the majority of countries, while rates for wine and cider generally fall as strength increases. Duty rates are generally higher for spirits than other beverage types and are generally lowest in eastern Europe and highest in Finland, Sweden, Ireland and the United Kingdom. - 
												
												To View a Century Downtown: Sydney University Law School's First
CENTURY DOWN TOWN Sydney University Law School’s First Hundred Years Edited by John and Judy Mackinolty Sydney University Law School ® 1991 by the Sydney University Law School This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism, review, or as otherwise permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Typeset, printed & bound by Southwood Press Pty Limited 80-92 Chapel Street, Marrickville, NSW For the publisher Sydney University Law School Phillip Street, Sydney ISBN 0 909777 22 5 Preface 1990 marks the Centenary of the Law School. Technically the Centenary of the Faculty of Law occurred in 1957, 100 years after the Faculty was formally established by the new University. In that sense, Sydney joins Melbourne as the two oldest law faculties in Australia. But, even less than the law itself, a law school is not just words on paper; it is people relating to each other, students and their teachers. Effectively the Faculty began its teaching existence in 1890. In that year the first full time Professor, Pitt Cobbett was appointed. Thus, and appropriately, the Law School celebrated its centenary in 1990, 33 years after the Faculty might have done. In addition to a formal structure, a law school needs a substantial one, stone, bricks and mortar in better architectural days, but if pressed to it, pre-stressed concrete. In its first century, as these chapters recount, the School was rather peripatetic — as if on circuit around Phillip Street. - 
												
												Alcohol Pricing in the WHO European Region
The WHO Regional Office for Europe The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations created in 1948 with the primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. The WHO Regional Office for Europe is one of six regional offices throughout the world, each with its own programme geared to the particular health conditions of the countries it serves. Member States Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Alcohol pricing in the Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy WHO European Region Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania UPDATE REPORT ON THE Luxembourg Malta Monaco EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDED Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway POLICY ACTIONS Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel: +45 45 33 70 00 Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 Email: [email protected] Website: www.euro.who.int Alcohol pricing in the WHO European Region UPDATE REPORT ON THE EVIDENCE AND RECOMMENDED POLICY ACTIONS ABSTRACT This report summarizes the current evidence base for alcohol pricing policies and considers how this compares to current policies in place across the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Intended as a resource - 
												
												Finnish Alcohol Policy at the Crossroads
Finnish alcohol policy at the crossroads: Tim Stockwell/Adam Sherk/ The health, safety Justin Sorge/Thor Norström/ and economic Colin Angus/Tanya Chikritzhs/ consequences of Sam Churchill/John Holmes/ Petra Meier/Timothy Naimi/Mats alternative systems Ramstedt & Jussi Simpura to manage the retail sale of alcohol October 2019 Finnish alcohol policy at the crossroads: The health, safety and economic consequences of alternative systems to manage the retail sale of alcohol A report for the Finnish government alcohol monopoly, Alko, prepared by: Tim Stockwell (Director, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, and Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) Adam Sherk (Research Associate, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research and Doctoral Candidate, Social Dimensions of Health Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) Justin Sorge (Research Associate, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) Thor Norström (Professor, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden) Colin Angus ( Senior Research Fellow, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK) Tanya Chikritzhs (Professor, National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia ) Sam Churchill (Research Assistant, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) John Holmes (Reader in Alcohol Policy, University of Sheffield, - 
												
												The Goddess of Wilderness Tripping: an Examination of the Relationship Between Gender and Wilderness Tripping Throughout Time
Susannah Vanderhoeven (20308056) ERS 411- Undergraduate Thesis Advisor: Professor Robert Gibson University of Waterloo 10 April, 2012 PHOTO on MAPLE MOUNTAIN in TEMAGAMI, June 2009. (Courtesy of Doe Lake Girl Guide Camp) The Goddess of Wilderness Tripping: An Examination of the Relationship between Gender and Wilderness Tripping throughout Time Vanderhoeven 2 Table of Contents ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE GODDESS OF WILDERNESS TRIPPING ...................................................... 3 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 BOUNDARIES, LIMITATIONS AND CONCEPTUALIZATION ................................................................................................... 6 2. TIMELINE OF GENDER AND OUTDOOR RECREATION ......................................................................... 7 BEFORE 1900 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Exploring a Country ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Female Adventurists ........................................................................................................................................................... - 
												
												Hesri-Case-Studies-En.Pdf
Case studies The WHO European Health Equity Status Report Initiative Case studies The WHO European Health Equity Status Report Initiative Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. - 
												
												European Region Consultation
EUROPEAN REGION CONSULTATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE WHO EUROPEAN AcTION PLAN TO REDUCE THE HARMFUL USE OF ALCohol 2012–2020 ABSTRACT This report summarizes the outcomes of two consultation meetings convened by the WHO Regional Office for Europe with Member States and civil society organizations in order to revisit the implementation of the policy areas for action defined in the European Action Plan to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol 2012– 2020. Additional aims of the consultations included discussing achievements, identifying obstacles for implementation, and outlining the way forward. Areas with the lowest policy implementation were linked to pricing policies, marketing, availability of alcoholic beverages, reducing the negative consequences of drinking and alcohol intoxication and alcohol labelling. Conclusions highlight the need for a roadmap to strengthen policy areas with lower levels of implementation in order to guide Member States towards implementation. Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. - 
												
												Adelaidean June 2001 Vol 10 No 5
Adelaidean Volume 10 Number 5 News from Adelaide University June 2001 INSIDE Your new home Cult and culture Siberian river for the Fringe of anorexia adventure page 3 page 5 page 9 New plan of attack to force greenhouse gases underground A MAJOR proportion of greenhouse Technology for removing huge quantities of gases may be pumped underground if a emissions in “CO2 sinks”, as they’re called, is new national research program involving currently being developed and trialled in Adelaide University is successful. Norway. However, Dr Lang said Australia was leading the way in this research. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are not only caused by fuel consumption, they are also a “We’re investigating the means by which this byproduct of petroleum production at oil and can be done safely and in sufficient quantities gas fields, adding to the global greenhouse to dwarf other available methods. This may problem. prove to be one of the only ways of reducing emissions at a great enough rate,” he said. Now a $1 million study at Adelaide’s National Centre For Petroleum Geology & Geophysics The outcomes, if successful, would (NCPGG) is investigating ways of removing complement other methods of greenhouse those emissions by injecting the CO2 back gas reduction, such as tree planting, improved Professor James Paton examines a cell culture in the Department of Molecular Biosciences. into the ground where it came from. energy efficiencies, reduction in the use of Photo: Rob Morrison. coal as an energy source, and shifting to new The work puts the centre, based at the gas and fuel cell technologies.