CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris

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CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris Reference CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris Level: Fonds Extent: 0.6 lm; 6 boxes Creator: Scots College, Paris Administrative History: In the reign of Robert Bruce, David, Bishop of Moray, decided to provide university education for youths from his own diocese. Since the Bishop had been educated in Paris it was unthinkable that the students should go to Oxford or Cambridge, he purchased in 1325 a farm at Grisy-Suisnes, and its revenues would provide bursaries for four students from his diocese who would study at the University of Paris. The original provision was for three students in arts and one in theology, but in later times, it was not required that the beneficiaries should be students for the priesthood. In 1578, the last Bishop of Moray of the Catholic Hierarchy died. Archbishop James Beaton as the last surviving member of that Hierarchy looked after the Grisy Foundation. While the Reformation struggle was nearing its climax, the Archbishop of Glasgow left Scotland for Paris with other defeated Scots Lords. As Queen Mary Stuart’s ambassador in the French capital, he provided a ‘Government in exile’ for Scottish Catholics to ensure the survival of the Catholic faith in Scotland. In 1602, he refounded the Scots College, foremost among the beneficiaries was the small group of Scots scholars in the University of Paris who were bursars of the 14th century foundation of Bishop Moray. Archbishop James Beaton died in 1603. Thirty six years later, Beaton’s foundation and Bishop of Moray’s one were merged into one Scots College in the University of Paris by a decree of King Louis XIII. As Archbishop Beaton’s legacy was intended to further Catholicism in Scotland, the College was exclusively for Catholics and in the 1707 Statutes of the College, the rule that only Catholics should be admitted was included. Until 1665, the College was in the house bequeathed by Archbishop Beaton in rue des Amandiers (now rue La Place). Principal Robert Barclay built a new College in the rue des Fossés-Saint-Victor (now rue du Cardinal-Lemoine) which was completed in 1665 and the chapel was added in 1672. Although the 17th century and the major part of the 18th century were a period of peaceful development for the Scots College, Paris, the French Revolution led Principal Alexander Gordon to leave for Scotland in 1793. He carried some documents with him such as the Book of Grisy and the Statuta Collegii Scotorum Parisiensis. The procurator of the College, Alexander Innes, remained at his post to safeguard the College and its property. However, by a decree of the Convention in September 1793, all British Subjects in France were to be arrested and their goods confiscated. In 1800, after the National Convention abrogated the laws against British subjects, the Scottish bishops recovered the College. After the death of Innes in 1803, John Farquharson, who was last rector of the Scots College of Douai, took charge of the Paris College. Under the influence of Jean-Baptiste Walsh, superior of the Irish College, Napoleon issued a Consular decree in 1805 which involved the consolidation of former Irish, English and Scots foundations and colleges in Paris into the Irish College. The Scottish Vicars apostolic were not happy about this scheme. In 1814, King Louis XVIII ordered that the United College be dissolved in favour of the individual Colleges. In 1824, a royal ordinance separated the individual colleges and set up a free administration for the Scottish foundations. The latter would be headed by an administrator who should be, as much as possible, a Scottish catholic priest, and who would be named by the French Minister of the Interior. In 1804 therefore, Alexander Paterson was appointed administrator of the Scots funds. In the early XXth century, the French government attempted to transfer the Scots College property into State rents and to name a non ecclesiastical administrator at the head of the Foundation. Bishop Macfarlane was appointed by the French Minister of Public Instruction, however the French Government still wanted to demonstrate that the British Foundations in France were French institutions and must be subject to French legislation and administered by the government, and that the buildings were French. Eventually, in 1928, the French Government decided that there was no reason to modify the royal ordinance of 1824 governing Reference CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris the Scots Foundations. The ‘Fondation catholique écossaise’ continues to this day. [Durant le règne de Robert Bruce, David, Evêque de Moray, décida de pourvoir une éducation universitaire à la jeunesse de son diocèse. Etant donné qu’il avait étudié à Paris et qu’il était impensable que les étudiants puissent aller à Oxford ou à Cambridge, il acquit une ferme à Grisy-Suisne, dont les revenus étaient destinés à alimenter des bourses pour trois étudiants en art et un en théologie, tous venant de son diocèse. Plus tard, les étudiants n’avaient pas à être voués à la prêtrise pour bénéficier de ces fonds. En 1578, le dernier évêque de Moray appartenant à la Hiérarchie catholique mourut. C’est en tant que dernier membre survivant de cette hiérarchie que l’Archevêque James Beaton pris en charge la Fondation de Grisy. Alors que les luttes engendrées par la Réforme devenaient de plus en plus virulentes, l’Archevêque de Glasgow, parmi d’autres Lords écosssais défaits, partit pour Paris. Il fut là-bas l’ambassadeur de la reine Marie Stuart. Il y constitua un gouvernement en exile pour les catholiques écossais, et ce afin d’assurer la survivance de leur foi. En 1602, il créa une nouvelle fondation. Néanmoins, les premiers à bénéficier de l’oeuvre de bienfaisance de James Beaton restaient le petit groupe d’étudiants à l’Université de Paris qui étaient boursiers de la fondation de l’Evêque de Moray. Ce n’est que trente six ans plus tard, part décret du Roi Louis XIII, que les deux fondations furent réunies pour former un seul Collège des Ecossais au sein de l’Université de Paris. Etant donné que l’héritage de l’Archevêque Beaton était destiné à servir le catholicisme écossais, le Collège a été défini comme exclusivement catholique. Les statuts de 1707 spécifient que seuls des catholiques sont alors admissibles. Jusqu’en 1665, le Collège fut établi dans une maison léguée par l’Archevêque Beaton et située rue des Amandiers (à présent rue de La Place). Le Principal Robert Barclay fit construire un nouvel édifice rue des Fossés-Saint-Victor (à présent rue du Cardinal-Lemoine) qui fut achevé en 1665. Une chapelle y fut batie en 1672. Bien que le XVIIème siècle et la majeure partie du XVIIIème siècle furent des périodes tranquilles favorables au développement du Collège, la Révolution Française obligea le Principal Alexander Gordon à retourner en Ecosse. Il emporta avec lui quelques documents tels que le Livre de Grisy et les Statuta Collegii Scotorum Pariensis. Alexander Innes, procurateur du Collège, resta à Paris afin de protéger létablissement et ses biens. Cependant, par décret de la Convention en septembre 1793, tous les Sujets britanniques en France furent arrêtés et leurs biens confisqués. En 1800, après que la Convention nationale abrogea les lois contre les Sujets britanniques, les Evêques écossais reprire possession du Collège. Après la mort du Procureur Innes en 1803, John Farquharson, qui était le dernier directeur du Collège des Ecossais à Douai, pris en charge celui de Paris. Napoléon Bonaparte, influencé par Jean-Baptiste Walsh, supérieur du Collège des Irlandais, édicta un décret en 1805 qui impliquait la consolidation des anciens Collèges et Fondations des Irlandais, Anglais et Ecossais à Paris au sein du Collège des Irlandais. Les vicaires apostoliques n’apprécièrent pas cette unification. En 1814, Louis XVIII ordonna la dissolution du Collège unifié en faveur des Collèges individuels. En 1824, une ordonnance royale désunit les Collèges individuels et créa une administration gratuite pour les Fondations écossaises. Ces dernières étaient dorénavant dirigées par un administrateur qui devait être, autant que possible, un prêtre catholique écossais, et qui était nommé par le ministre de l’Intérieur. C’est ainsi qu’Alexander Paterson devint administrateur des fond des Ecossais. Au début du XXème siècle, le Gouvernement français essaya de transformer les biens du Collège des Ecossais en rentes sur l’Etat et de nommer un administrateur non-ecclésiastique à la tête de la Fondation. Mais ce fut finalement l’Evêque Macfarlane qui fut désigné par le ministre de l’Instruction Publique. Néanmoins, le Gouvernement français voulait toujours démontrer que les Fondations britanniques en France étaient des institutions françaises, devaient etre soumises à la législation française et être administrées par le Gouvernement francais. Les établissements étaient quant à eux considérés français. Finalement, en 1928, le Gouvernment français décida qu’il n’y avait aucune possibilité de modifier l’ordonnance royale de 1824 qui régissait les Fondations des Ecossais. La Fondation catholique écossaise a perduré jusqu’à nos jours. ] Reference CA/1 1565-1933 Scots College, Paris Source of Acquisition: The fonds was transferred from Blair's College, Abderdeenshire in 1958 Scope and Content: Legal papers; correspondence; accounts and receipts; administrative papers; library and archives catalogues; building plans and accounts Language: French; Latin; Italian; English Physical characteristics: Parchment, papers, bound volumes; sewn pages Originals: Copies: Related units:
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