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Life of Henry Dunster, First President of Harvard College [Microform]

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Life of Henry Dunster, First President of Harvard College [Microform] -' - ;;-:.:. <fi^psK SiW^Vri*'?:^';.; ATLA CATAIOCIM RECORO August 2, 1991 If \ MITim/ Oiiplln, JtTMltli, iai3-1886i (Ml ram TITLE!: tJTUt Lif* of Itanry Ouwttf, f|r*t prttlctant of Harvard Collaga Wcroforad / by Jeraalah Chapl(r). BITIONt - INPRIKTt oaten t J«Ma R. Oagoed, 1872. 'OnCRIPTION/ CdLATIONi xlx, 315 p. ; 19 CM. mmi ' \ . ..-,:.. • , . , I I Hicrof Icha.' Evanaton i Aaarlcan Thaolegieal Library Aaaociation, 1991. 1 Mleroflcha. High radufctlen. ^ Sllvar bosad fUra. (ATLA Bonograiih praaarvatlen * prograa ; ATLA f Icha 1990-0023} > ItM &-52(0-0523-0 (Mleref IdM) . > TRACIMCSi 1. Ounatar, Nanry, ca. 1612-16597 ' '2. Harvard CoUega (1636-1780)"Prasfdanta"llogr^)liy, 3. CongragatlocMllata--Rlography. I. TItla. II. Sarlaa: ATLA Monograplt praaarvatlen prograa ; ATLA flcha 1990-19023. >..:'._'.•..: ' ' L02148 1M0 ' " * , % ' ' " • " . s ».".,' Tha iurka Library of Union Theological. Saalnary The ATLA Nenograph Praaorvatlon Prograa la lundad In part by grants fre»; the Office of Praaarvatlen of the National Endniiint for the Huaanltlaa ~ and tho Paw Charitable Truata. V " -, J. ^-LIFE cr Henry Dunstepl, First President of Harvard College. BV ' REV. JEREMIAH CHAPLIN, U.D. H 1 r3i3i.^Kj:iw - ::;::.;:« BOSTON: ,^ ^,-^. .,'11 ^ JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPAliV, (LAtm TICKMO* * nsUM, AMD nBUK, MGOODk * O0.L^ 187a. f. •.> 1 - Entmil,a(<corclinKtoAetof CoDKi«M,iiithp]reari87a, By JEREMIAQ CHAPHJf.D.D., 'o - In th« Oflice of tKk Librariu of Congmi, ( Wuhingtoo. SltrMt/tidmaPrUtdh Kami, Atmy, A* C«, " \ PREFACE. THE name of Henry Dunster, the first President Harvard College, passed under a cloud of neglect about the year 1653, but without any fault of his own. His contemporaries, who had extolled his accomplish- ments and virtues until the fatal hour when he "fell" into 'certain "briars" of dissent froih the established creed, then suddenly dropped hini fix>m their calendar of 'wor< thies, and he.has never been Rally invited to resume hia. place. Different writers in our day, especially Quincy' and Palfrey,* have indeed eulogized his character and s<;(vices in eloquent words, but no special effbrt has- been made to* gather the scattered materials of his life into a fitting me- morial, that the world might know what hf was, what part he acted in laying the foundations of our civil and reli- gious institutions, and what he was willing to suffer, with singular patience and charity, for the saki of truth, as be .' understood it . ^ ' , A due examination will show 'ditt lib duffacter to one •HiMoryorHarwdCoUlia. • HiMnyW N«w Ii«Im4. iii — * iy Preface, , . ' of the most beautiful, as his> history is one of the most touching, to be found in the earl/annals of New England. A singularly honest mind, which no promises and no {jtr- secutions could turn from his convictions, forced him into antagonism with brethren whom he loved, and mad^ him "* 'the target for sharp arrows, ecctesiastical and civil, which sorely wounded his pure and sensitive spirit Fkmwas a . rock in the defence of his principles, he could never be ' roused to a fight with his adversaries. He bore hia testi- mony calmly and manfully, in the fear of God and the love df thith, and'flbn yielded to the stom| which drove ' liim into retirement. - , . , . » 'V From that retiren>ent of more than two centuries. It is well that he should corae forth to. tc;ach us of this genera- tion the great duty'of loyalty to conscience, aiid how to harmonize conscience and chirity. A life which, says Palfrey, is " of the purest and noblest,." is not, ala^ so very common,, that the world can afford t6 lose the benefit of ' its bright example. In pursuance of our purpose, we have reviewed the con- duct of our Puritiui ancestors of Massachusetts, in their treatment of what they deemed heresy and sectarism, a duty not altogether agreeable, but yet unavoidable if regard is had to the facts of history and the lessons of experience. A letter of Dr. Watts informs us, that when Neal waa blamed for "the freedom he bad taken to^expose.the per- secuting principles and practices of the first planters," in liis HiitQiy of Ner Cngtudi " h« replied, that the fidelity Pre/cue. ' V of an historian required him to do what lie had done." Similar is our apology, if apology is needed. 'The author, as of Puritan descent, may be supposed to take as favor- able a view as possible, of the Puritan &thers of Massa* chusetu. While read^ t9 extol their grand virtues, he would deal chariubly with their grave faults. Yet these men were so tnily great and good, -that, better than njost men, they can bear the exposure which historic justice necessiutes. Subject .their characters to as rigid an ex- amination as we may, they yet command our love an(^' ' veneration.'. T *' •' Then, too, it should not be forgotten, that the Puritatu of Naw England were not sinners above all the American Colcraluiis^ in religious intolerance. Virginia certainly hat iMtAhing to boast over Kybsachusetts. She began her in- quisitorial work at an «&rlier period. The Dutch Of New York pursued tb« same course, though with unequal .step..; -J:^:r---:r<:\.:>:^y--:,^:.,. It was the grand raisUke — to use the mildest term — of the Reformers generally, which may as well be con- fessed—of Calvin and Zwingle and Knox and Cranmer, and a host of other noble champions of Protestantism, that they were persecutors. They were untrue to their own principle of the right of private judgment. And so the Puritans of the new world, in one sehse, came honest- { 4y by their intolerance. If not in the line of apostolical/ sdccession, it was by ecclesiastical tradition. And theyl would have thanked no one for setting up an apology foi| their conduct towards sectarists and enrorists on the Ion VI Preface. ground of expediency or political necessity. They p«rae- cnted from principle. They verily thought they were do- ing God service. Persecution of heretics was using " the holy tactics of the sword." " The most perfect liarmony," ays Trumbull, " subsisted between the legislature and clei|;y ; like Moses and Aaron/ {licy walked together in the most endearing friendship." '- And, m their view, Moses and Aaron, as symbolical of state , and church, never " kissed each other " to such good purpose, as when they united in " Mount Zion " to maintain the gospel against antichrift A dreadful mistake ; but an honest ,'-,:• «*r;.,.v:.-. , •;/;•:- ,..:'y-. ' • tta R«». Joho Norton, in" 1646, pRKhwt Mnnon in B<«Kon, on "MoiM and Aania kiiuis oacfa otlm inOw Moont of God," in which Im aiBod IhMJi iiiThin [Aaroo] to fcnd Delosaici to the Synod which had betn Mmmonad by dw Gaenl Court (Uowa). In 1^1, Rev. Jame* Noyw; of Newbury, whom Coition Hathn highly pniae*, wrote, under the title tA, " or, Moaw and Aaroo : The Rigfati of Church and Slate," as follow) : " Civil and sacred power did consist well in the same subject, and suidy they an moat subject to nolenee when at greatest diatapoe from oae another. Ifcan and Aanm have cause to embnc* each other, and Israel both ofUieoi togeth- •r.o "It iaaeadlul that Magislratae should have iMwer to praserre the Church limn deaolatioa, by taking away foxes and woItcs ftc Magistntea have a just power to use the sword in their hands against any penoos far the good of Church the and the glory of Christ's kii^idom. Itappaaraby Paul's appealing unto Caaar, that magistntea hare power hi some religious coBtnmaiaa; whynot in aUf" In i«84, an English minister wrote to In- craM«Mather< " I njoice to hear of so sweet a harmony belwMn Moses and Aarao, and such a Joint pursuit after reformation. " Maaa. Hist. Col. Mather Papen. This waa' four yean after the raeetinghonae of the Pint Baptist Chwck of Boston, of which the Re*. Rollin H. Neale D. D. is now the senior paalar.waashotupbyMdar oTdia General Cwirt— a fine specimen of the "•MrthuBoar.** V.1 . ";:; *> .•.,, /-, '-- vii ' ' Pre/tut^- ..:''X''-'^-:'": Probably no lase could mor^ clearly exhibit the inher- / ent injustice onhe New England theocracy in its dealings with dissentiAts, than that of Mr. Dunster. Here was .. no crazy refonner, " conscientiously contentious," as has been affirmed, falsely, we think, of Roger Williams, iir>^ boisterous collision with esUblished opinions and insti- tutions. Mr. Dunster craved but the bare privilege of expressing his honest thoughts, with no purpose of assail- ,'1 others. He was no iconoclast He was ing or abusing _^, just the opposite. Thoroughly manly and courageous, he '• was yet gentle and courteous. Birt no, said the managers _ of the theocracy, he does nof think as we do, and si^ys so — away with him. \ . Oke of our own writers, whom the world delights to honor for his rare felicities of tlioiight and style, has un- dertaken the brave task — we profoundly reSpect his cour- age*— pf defending the Puritan way of dealing with sec- ' follows:-.. • . \itari.e|^^ Mr. Lowell's main argtiment is as <t^t John, of Leyden had taught them how unendurable by the nostrils of honest men is the corruption of the right of private judgnient in the evil and selfish hearts of my when no ^orough mental training has developed the understanding and given the judgment iu needful means of comparison and connection. They knew that liberty in the hands of unreasoning and feeble-minded persons (and all the worse if they are honest) means nothing more than the supremacy x)f their particular form of imbecility, means nothing less therefore than downright * chaos, a Bedlam chaos of monomaniacs and bores." • Baokt,p. AaMi« my »» : • , , ' ' ' ' / But most assuredly our Puritan fathers could not have proceeded upon this principle in dealing with Mr.
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