Arquitectura E Ingeniería Del Hierro En España (1814-1936) Pedro Navascués Palacio 1814-1936 ) ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA (1814-1936)

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Arquitectura E Ingeniería Del Hierro En España (1814-1936) Pedro Navascués Palacio 1814-1936 ) ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA (1814-1936) B I B L I O T E C A M U N D O H I S P Á N I C O D E L A F U N D A C I Ó N I B E R D R O L A Clifford en España. Un fotógrafo en la corte de Isabel II Pedro Navascués Palacio es Doctor en Filosofía y Letras, Sección de Historia, ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA ( ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA Lee Fontanella por la Universidad Central de Madrid (1971). Desde 1964 enseña en la Escuela Imágenes urbanas del mundo hispánico ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, donde Richard Kagan es catedrático de Historia del Arte y de la Arquitectura desde 1978. Ha publicado Carlos V. La imagen del poder en el Renacimiento EN ESPAÑA (1814-1936) varias decenas de libros y artículos sobre historia de la arquitectura española, Fernando Checa Cremades habiendo dedicado al siglo XIX una buena parte de ellos. Es miembro de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (1998) donde actualmente ejerce el Las Catedrales del Nuevo Mundo Pedro Navascués Palacio cargo de Vicedirector. En 2003 fue investido Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Coimbra. Monasterios Iberoamericanos Antonio Bonet Correa Pedro Navascués Palacio Fundaciones jesuíticas en Iberoamérica Luisa Elena Alcalá La nobleza ante el rey Joaquín Yarza Fortificaciones en Iberoamérica Ramón Gutiérrez La dinastía de los Trastámara Julio Valdeón Baruque Arquitectura e ingeniería del hierro en España (1814-1936) Pedro Navascués Palacio 1814-1936 ) ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA (1814-1936) ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING OF IRON IN SPAIN (1814-1936) Esta edición, realizada por la Fundación Iberdrola, consta de 5.500 ejemplares, de los cuales 250 están numerados del 1 al 250 y 27 van identificados con las letras del abecedario ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA DEL HIERRO EN ESPAÑA (1814-1936) ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING OF IRON IN SPAIN (1814-1936) Pedro Navascués Palacio I take special satisfaction in presenting the work Iron Architecture and Engineering in Spain, a unique tour- de-force by professor Pedro Navascués published by the Iberdrola Foundation as part of its collection, Library of the Spanish World. This exhaustive work serves to fill a gap in the study and cataloging of the important infrastructures and constructions built of iron that marked a fundamental period in the history of our country’s Architecture and Engineering, and thus of Spain’s economic and social evolution. Through the pages of this book, and what they illustrate, the reader will be able to reconstruct impor- tant events from a time filled with thrilling changes and profound transformations that laid the foundations for much of our later industrial development. To speak of architecture and engineering in iron and its derivatives is to speak of the Industrial Revo- lution, of progress and advancement in all fields, as well as the possibility of exploring new techniques and materials. And it means discussing the results of all this: the construction of large works of infrastructure such as bridges, viaducts and railway stations, but also markets, crystal palaces, theaters and bullrings. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, iron fever was ubiquitous: iron permitted previously inconceivable solutions and became the protagonist of architecture that is still with us today and has become a part of a historical heritage of the first order that we must recover and preserve. A fine example of all this is the ferry bridge over the Bilbao Estuary, which was recently declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Designed in 1893 by Alberto de Palacio, it was the first ever built in the world and it symbolizes the zenith of Basque industrial society of its time. Such important figures as Eduardo Saavedra, Pablo Alzola y Minondo, Evaristo Churruca and Leonardo Torres Quevedo—the maximum representatives of this iron architecture and engineering—are present and recognized in this work Iberdrola has chosen to publish as an example of its commitment to the arts, culture and the preservation of our heritage. Beyond any doubt, professor Navascués, an expert in the history of Spanish architecture and author of numerous studies in that field, has created a unique work. I am certain that it will become a fundamental reference work for scholars and a real pleasure for lovers of this unrivaled technical, artistic and cultural legacy. Ignacio S. Galán Chairman and CEO of Iberdrola Es un motivo de especial satisfacción para mí presentarles la obra Arquitectura e ingeniería del hierro en España, que constituye un trabajo único y excepcional del profesor Pedro Navascués, y que edita la Fundación Iberdrola dentro de su colección Biblioteca del Mundo Hispánico. Esta exhaustiva obra viene a llenar el vacío existente en el estudio y recopilación de las importantes infraestructuras y construcciones realizadas en hierro, que han marcado un período fun- damental de la historia de la arquitectura e ingeniería de nuestro país y, con ello, de la evolución económica y social de España. A través de las páginas de este libro, y de lo que en ellas se muestra, el lector va a poder recons- truir importantes acontecimientos de una época que vivió apasionantes cambios y profundas transfor- maciones, y en la que se sentaron las bases de buena parte de nuestro desarrollo industrial posterior. Hablar de la arquitectura e ingeniería del hierro y sus derivados es hablar de revolución indus- trial, de progreso, de avances en todos los campos, de la posibilidad de explorar nuevas técnicas y materiales y, como consecuencia de todo ello, de la construcción de grandes obras de infraestruc- turas como puentes, viaductos o estaciones de ferrocarril, pero también de mercados, palacios de cristal, teatros y plazas de toros. Durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX la fiebre del hierro lo invadió todo; el hierro hizo posi- bles soluciones hasta entonces impensables, convirtiéndose en el protagonista de una arquitectura que ha llegado hasta nuestros días y que hoy forma parte de un patrimonio histórico de primer orden que debemos recuperar y conservar. Valga como ejemplo de todo ello el puente transbordador sobre la ría de Bilbao, recientemente declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, que, diseñado por Alberto de Palacio en 1893, fue el primero construido en el mundo y símbolo del apogeo de la sociedad industrial vasca en esa época. Nombres tan importantes como Eduardo Saavedra, Pablo Alzola y Minondo, Evaristo Churruca o Leonardo Torres Quevedo, máximos representantes de esta arquitectura e ingeniería del hierro, tienen su lugar y reconocimiento en este trabajo que Iberdrola ha querido publicar como muestra de su compromiso con las artes, la cultura y la conservación de nuestro patrimonio. Sin duda alguna el profesor Navascués, experto en la historia de la arquitectura española y autor de numerosos estudios en esta materia, ha conseguido crear una obra única, que estoy seguro se convertirá en un libro de referencia para los estudiosos y un verdadero disfrute para los aficionados a este legado técnico, cultural y artístico sin igual. Ignacio S. Galán Presidente de Iberdrola Índice 11 Introducción Introduction Contents 25 Los faros de hierro Iron Lighthouses 41 Los puentes «colgados» o colgantes “Suspended” or Suspension Bridges 77 Los ojos del puente y los puentes sin ojos The Eyes of a Bridge and Bridges without Eyes 109 Los viaductos ferroviarios Railway Viaducts 145 Los puentes de Bilbao y el transbordador de Vizcaya The Bridges of Bilbao and the Vizcaya Ferry 173 El laberinto de hierro The Labyrinth of Iron 193 El mundo de las estaciones The World of Stations 227 El mercado de hierro Iron Markets 259 El palacio de cristal The Crystal Palace 281 Los quioscos de música y otros caprichos Bandstands and other Caprices 303 Índice de ilustraciones List of Illustrations 314 Bibliografía Bibliography 317 Índice onomástico Index of Names 325 Índice toponímico Topographical Index 331 Índice de obras Index of Works «Monumento a los Fueros Vascongados», grabado de Alberto de Palacio, 1894 Yo, amigo Scott, llamo oro del porvenir al hierro, desde que la industria moderna y las artes útiles lo emplean en todo aquello que nos es útil en la vida. Díaz y Pérez, Baños de Baños (Viajes por mi Patria) I, friend Scott, call iron the gold of the future, Ever since modern industry and the applied arts Use it in all that is useful in life. Introducción Díaz y Pérez, Baños de Baños (Viajes por mi Patria) Con estas mismas palabras de Nicolás Díaz y Pérez, escritor y político republicano, cronista de Introduction Badajoz y autor del conocido Diccionario histórico, crítico y bibliográfico de autores y artistas extre- meños ilustres (1884-1888), encabezaba yo un viejo artículo publicado un siglo después de la edición de los Baños y Baños (Madrid, 1880), en la desaparecida revista barcelonesa Construc- These very words by the writer and Republican politician, Nicolás Díaz ción, Arquitectura, Urbanismo, más conocida por sus siglas, CAU. El trabajo estaba dedicado a la y Pérez, chronicler of Badajoz and author of the well-known Diccionario arquitectura del hierro en España durante el siglo XIX que era, dentro de esta despreciada centu- histórico, biográfico, crítico y bibliográfico de autores, artistas y Ex- tremeños Ilustres (“Historical, Biographic, Critical and Bibliographic ria, la Cenicienta de la arquitectura y de la ingeniería. Desde entonces no he dejado de seguir la Dictionary of Authors, Artists and other Illustrious Extremadurans” pista a este patrimonio construido en hierro, de excepcional atractivo no sólo por su alcance 1884-1888), appear at the top of an old article of mine published just a estético sino por su más inmediato interés cultural. century after his Baños y Baños (“Baths and Baths” Madrid, 1880) in Era la primera vez que se hacía un balance general de lo que representaba entre nosotros Construcción, Arquitectura, urbanismo (“Construction, Architecture, Urban Planning”), a now defunct magazine from Barcelona that was aquella producción hija de la Revolución Industrial que, habiendo sido considerada en su día como better known by its initials, CAU.
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