ISSN 0906-0596 2707-8981

ISBN 978-87-7482- 406-0

Http://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.7546

January 1996

ICES Annual Report Proces-Verbal de la Reunion

1995

1995 ICES Annual Science Conference

83rd Statutory Meeting

21-29 September 1995

Aalborg, Denmark

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The International Council forthe Exploration of the Sea - An Introductory Note...... 5

PROCEEDINGS OF 1995 ANNUALSCIENCE CONFERENCE Aalborg, 21-29 September 1995

PARTI

Agenda for1995 ICES Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting) ...... 11 Programme of Scientific and Business Sessions at 1995 ICES Annual Science Conference...... 12 General Assembly, with Speech by the Danish Minister of Fishery and Agriculture ...... 13 Closing of the Scientific Sessions ...... 22 Report of Delegates Meeting ...... 23 Annex 1: Memorandum of Understanding between Oslo and Paris Commissions and ICES...... 67 Annex 2: Criteria Governing Acceptance forCouncil Membership and Scientific Observer Status...... 77 Report of Finance Committee ...... 82 Report of Publications Committee ...... 87 Report of Mid-Term Meeting of Consultative Committee...... 92 Report of Consultative Committee ...... 113

REPORTS OF SUBJECT/AREA COMMITTEES

Fish Capture Committee (B)...... 135 Hydrography Committee (C) ...... 141 Statistics Committee (D) ...... 146 Marine Environmental Quality Committee (E) ...... 150 Mariculture Committee (F) ...... 155 Demersal Fish Committee (G) ...... 159 Pelagic Fish Committee (H) ...... 165 Baltic Fish Committee (J)...... 169 Shellfish Committee (K)...... 175 Biological Oceanography Committee (L)...... 180 Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee (M)...... 184 Marine Mammals Committee (N) ...... 191

REPORTS OF JOINTCOMMITTEE SESSION, THEMESESSIONS AND MINI SYMPOSIUM

Joint Session on Improving Species Selectivity in Mixed Species Fisheries (B+G+H +J +K)...... 197 Theme Session on Ballast Water: Ecological and Fisheries Implications (0) ...... 199 Theme Session on Causes of Observed Variations in Fish Growth (P) ...... 203 Theme Session on Intermediate-Scale Physical Processes and Their Influenceon the Transport and Food Environ- ment of Fish (Q) ...... 206 Theme Session on Mariculture: Understanding Environmental Interactions (R)...... 209 Theme Session on Improving the Link Between Fisheries Science and Management II: Can We Manage Fisheries by Technical Measures Alone? (S) ...... 211 Theme Session on Consequences of Manipulation/Management of Nutrient Fluxes on Nutrient-Foodweb Inter- actions (T)...... 217 Theme Session What's New? (Advisory and Science Committee Highlights) (U) ...... 220 Mini-Symposium: Arctic Oceanographic Processes (MINI) ...... 223

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTEDAT THE 1995 ANNUALSCIENCE CONFERENCE...... 227

REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION FOR THEYEAR 1 NOVEMBER1994 TO 31 OCTOBER 1995 ...... 258 Annex 1: Meetings at which ICES was represented by Observers...... 269 Annex 2: ICES Working/Study/Steering Group meetings and Workshops in 1994/1995 ...... 271

3 AUDITED INCOMEAND EXPENDITUREACCOUNTS FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 1993/1994 ...... 281

BUDGET FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 1995/1996 ...... 285

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSHAVING OBSERVER STATUS AND CO-OPERATIVE REL- ATIONSWITH ICES ...... 287

ACRONYMS APPEARING IN ICES ANNUAL REPORT 1995 ...... 289

PARTII

COMPOSmON OF THE COUNCIL IN1995/1996

Officials...... 295 Delegates...... 295 Bureau...... 298 Finance Committee ...... 298 Publications Committee ...... ·...... 298 Consultative Committee ...... 298 Editors of Council Publications ...... 299 Secretariat ...... 300

ADVISORY AND SUBJECT/AREA CO:MMITI'EES

Advisory Committee on Fishery Management ...... 303 Advisory Committee on theMarine Environment ...... 304 Fish Capture Committee ...... 305 Hydrography Committee...... 305 Statistics Committee...... 306 Marine Environmental Quality Committee...... 306 MaricultureCommittee...... 307 Demersal Fish Committee ...... 307 Pelagic Fish Committee ...... 308 Baltic Fish Committee...... 308 ShellfishCommitt ee...... 309 Biological Oceanography Committee ...... 309 Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee...... 310 Marine MammalsCommittee ...... 310

ORGANISATIONAL OVERVIEW OF ICES COMMITIEESAND SUBSIDIARY GROUPS...... 311

DIRECTORYOF ICES COMMITIEES AND SUBSIDIARYGROUPS...... 313

ICES COMMITIEES AND SUBSIDIARY GROUPS...... 316

NAMESAND ADDRESSES OF COUNCIL OFFICIALSAND CHAIRMENOF COMMITI'EESAND GROUPS...... 329

PARTID

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT 83rd ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE...... 337

4 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA An Introductory Note

Function Organisation

The environment of the North Atlantic and adjacent seas The principal decision- and policy-making body of ICES has been a prime concern of the International Council is the Council, comprising two Delegates appointed by for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) since its inception each Member Country, in addition to the President. in 1902. As the oldest intergovernmental marine science Meetings of the Council are chaired by the President, organisation in the world, ICES has long recognised the who is elected from among the Delegates for a three-year mutual interdependence of the living marine resources period. The President, together with the First Vice­ and their physical and chemical environment. Although President and five ordinary Vice-Presidents (also elected the Council's original statutes have undergone occa­ for three years from among the Delegates), constitute the sional modification to adjust for changing conditions, Bureau, the executive arm of ICES. The Bureau is re­ challenges, and priorities, its main focus has continued sponsible, together with the General Secretary, for over­ to be on international co-operative studies. Article 1 of seeing the daily operations of ICES, convening the An­ the 1964 ICES Convention formally identifies the nual Science Conference, and preparing budgets. The Bu­ Council's principal functions as: reau forms the link between Delegates and the ICES Sec­ retariat. The Finance and Publications Committees advise a) to promote and encourage research and in­ the Council and the Bureau on financial and publications vestigations for the study of the sea particularly matters, respectively. related to the living resources thereof; The ICES Secretariat, based at ICES Headquarters in b) to draw up programmes required forthis pur­ Copenhagen, Denmark, provides the administrative, sec­ pose and to organise, in agreement with the retarial, editorial, and publication services for the Coun­ Contracting Parties, such research and investiga­ cil. Its chief executive officer is the General Secretary, tions as may appear necessary; who heads a group of professional and general service c) to publish and otherwise disseminate the re­ category staff currently numbering about 35. The ICES sults of research and investigations carried out Secretariat serves as a communications link for the ap­ under its auspices or to encourage the publication proximately 1500 scientists involved in ICES activities thereof. located in the 19 Member Countries and the growing number of countries with Scientific Observer status, as In addition, since the 1970s, a major task for ICES has well as those with other relevant international organisa­ involved the provision of scientific information and ad­ tions. More than 700 scientists annually attend meetings vice to intergovernmental regulatory commissions, the at ICES Headquarters, supported by the staff and in­ European Commission, and the governments of ICES house facilities. The Secretariat is also responsible for Member Countries, for purposes of fisheries conserva­ organising the Annual Science Conference, Symposia, tion and the protection of the marine environment. and Dialogue Meetings in Denmark and abroad.

The work of ICES encompasses the broad areas of fisher­ The supervision of the Council's work programme re­ ies, oceanography, and environmental sciences including sides mainly in various standing committees. On the sci­ marine pollution, and is organised and carried out by sci­ entific side, there are 12 Subject/Area Committees pro­ entists from its Member Countries. viding a wide coverage of the facets of marine science, two Advisory Committees, and a Consultative Commit­ Membership tee. The Consultative Committee, consisting of the Chairmen of the Subject/ Area Committees and the Advi­ ICES currently has 19 Member Countries: sory Committees, plus a Chairman elected by the Com­ mittee, oversees all aspects of the Council's scientific Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, work. The primary means by which the actual work is Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, planned, co-ordinated, conducted, appraised, and re­ Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the ported on for subsequent peer-review, are the large num­ United Kingdom, and the United States of America. ber of Working, Study, Planning, and Steering Groups and Workshops. These entities are established as needed Scientific Observer status has been granted to Australia by the Council, upon the recommendation of the respec­ (CSIRO), South Africa (Sea Fisheries Research Institute), tive bodies, and maintained for as long as necessary to and Greece (Institute of Marine Biology of Crete). address the questions and terms of reference assigned to them. Each group has a parent committee to which it re­ ports progress and from which it receives instructions, as

5 necessary, for further work. All Member Countries are 2. Marine Environment entitled to appoint members to any of these groups. With the exception of meetings of 1) fish-stock assessment ICES also provides scientific information and advice on Working Groups, whose members must be appointed by matters related to the marine environment through its Delegates or approved by the General Secretary for spe­ Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment cial purposes (e.g. facilitatingThird World development), (ACME). ICES Rules of Procedure also state that "The and 2) groups whose members might be restricted to par­ Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment ticular experts appointed by the Council, observers from (ACME) shall be responsible for scientific information non-Member Countries and international scientific or­ and advice on the status of the marine environment ganisations may be invited to attend the meetings of (including marine pollution) and its consequences on groups at the discretion of Chairmen after consultation living resources and related human activities". ICES with the General Secretary. provides such services to Member Country governments and the following commissions: ICES currently has more than 100 Working, Study, ◊ Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR, Convention Planning, and Steering Groups and Workshops forming for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the the basis for its annual work programme. Subjects include North-East Atlantic); such wide ranging fields as marine chemistry; sediments; ◊ Helsinki Commission - Baltic Marine Environment physical oceanography; environmental impact of mari­ Protection Commission (HELCOM, Convention for culture; fish diseases, behaviour, and genetics; ecology of the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Bal­ benthos, plankton, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals; tic Sea Area). biological effects of contaminants; trend monitoring; ma­ rine data management and statistics; single- and multis­ As a basis for this advice, ACME reviews the reports of pecies fish-stock assessments; fishing technology; and approximately 20 Working Groups that co-ordinate work surveys for fish eggs, larvae, juveniles, and adults. on various topics related to the marine environment and marine contamination. ACME meets annually and pub­ Scientific and advisoryfunctions lishes its report in the ICES Cooperative Research Report series. 1. Fisheries

An important responsibility of ICES is the co-ordination Although the Advisory Committees were initially estab­ of fisheries-related scientific research. This comprises lished to address largely different areas of interest, there monitoring the abundance and composition of fish stocks is an increasing need formultidisciplinary advice, particu­ in the Northeast Atlantic, including developing appropri­ larly in relation to the interaction between the exploitation ate methods to estimate fish-stock abundance, collecting of living resources and the environment and ecosystems. statistics on fish catches, fishing effort, relevant biological For this reason, the two Advisory Committees now col­ data on the various life stages of fish, recruitment to fish laborate in preparing their advice and, when appropriate, stocks, and multispecies interactions and their effects on issue joint reports. individual fish stocks. 3. Oceanography ICES is the official advisory body to the following com­ missions: Oceanographic investigations form an integral part of the ◊ North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC); ICES programme of multidisciplinary work aimed at un­ ◊ International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC); derstanding the features and dynamics of water masses ◊ North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization and their ecological processes. Special emphasis is placed (NASCO); on the influence of changes in the environment on the ◊ Commission of the European Union (EC). distribution, abundance, and population dynamics of util­ ised fish resources. This theme is an important element of These commissions and the governments of ICES Mem­ the new project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere ber Countries formulate requests to ICES for information Programme called GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem and advice related to the management of specific stocks Dynamics) in which ICES will play a key implementation of fish. ICES Rules of Procedure state that "The Advi­ role via the North Atlantic Regional Office of GLOBEC sory Committee on Fishery Management (ACFM) shall which will be located in the ICES Secretariat in early be responsible for scientific information and advice on 1996. Oceanographic investigations are also directly rele­ living resources and their exploitation" on behalf of the vant to marine pollution studies in view of the influence Council. In formulating its advice on the management of oceanographic conditions have on the distribution and 90-100 stocks of fish and shellfish, ACFM utilises infor­ transport of contaminants in the marine environment. mation prepared by numerous stock assessment Working ICES promotes the development and calibration of Groups. ACFM meets twice a year (summer and late oceanographic equipment and the maintenance of appro­ autumn) to prepare its advice, which is published annually priate standards of quality and intercomparability of in the ICES CooperativeResearch Report series. oceanographic and environmental data.

6 Databases a "dependable andcomprehensive statement of circulation patterns, inputs and dispersion of contaminants, ecologi­ Databases serve as the foundation for objective assess­ cal conditions, and effects of human activities in the ments of the status of the marine environment and its North Sea". living resources. The ICES Secretariat maintains some of the world's largest fisheries, contaminants/pollution, Publications and oceanographic databases. In the area of fisheries, ICES maintains a computerised databank containing de­ Since its inception, ICES has published well over a tailed information relevant to fish-stock assessment, data thousand periodicals and monographs. from quarterly International Bottom Trawl Surveys in the North Sea, and catch statistics for the Northeast Atlantic. Relative to its function of publishing and disseminating ICES is the oldest international data centre for marine results of research, the Council organises scientific contaminants, including data from its Cooperative Moni­ symposia and other meetings which are open to partici­ toring Studies Programme and from the Oslo and Paris pants from both Member and non-Member Countries. Commissions' Joint Monitoring Programme covering The following series are available to the scientific contaminants in biota, sea water, and sediments. ICES community and the general public: also served as the centre for environmental and biological data used in the work of the North Sea Task Force, and • ICESJournal ofMarine Science has a formal agreement with the Arctic Monitoring and • ICES Marine Science Symposia (Symposium pro­ Assessment Programme (AMAP) to act as its thematic ceedings formerly published in this series will ap­ data centre for the marine component. ICES maintains a pear as special numbers of the ICESJournal, above) bank of oceanographic data supplied by Member Coun­ • ICES CooperativeResearch Report tries, dating back to the early 1900s. Data submissions • ICESFisheries Statistics are subject to intense quality control, thus providing some • ICES Oceanographic Data Lists and Inventories measure of validation. This databank is supplemented by (now available on Internet) an inventory of cruise information, based on Reports of • ICESIdentification Leaflets for Plank ton Oceanographic Cruises and Data Stations (ROSCOP), • ICES Identification Leafletsfor Diseases and Para- which summarises all cruise activities in Member Coun­ sites ofFish andShellfish tries related to physical oceanographic, marine biological, • ICESTechniques in Marine Environmental Sciences pollution, fisheries, and geophysical research. • ICESAnnual Report • ICESICIEMInformation (Newsletter) Co-ordination of co-operative programmes Collaboration with other international organisations ICES has played an active role in co-ordinating co­ operative research programmes in the North Sea and More than 40 international organisations have observer elsewhere in the ICES area (North Atlantic including the status and co-operative relations with ICES. Of the Baltic Sea). One of the best known of such recent enter­ United Nations agencies, ICES works actively with the prises was the North Sea Task Force (NSTF), which was Fisheries Department of the Food and Agricultural Or­ established jointly by ICES and the Oslo and Paris. ganization (FAO), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commissions following the Ministerial Declaration made Commission of UNESCO, the International Maritime at the Second International Conference on the Protection Organization (IMO), the World Meteorological Organi­ of the North Sea in London, UK, in 1987. Among other zation (WMO), and the United Nations Environment activities, the North Sea Task Force initiated measures Programme. Other organisations with which ICES co­ for enhancing the scientific knowledge and understanding operates range from the Arctic Monitoring and Assess­ of the North Sea. As a result, the North Sea Quality ment Programme (AMAP) to the World Wide Fund for Status Report 1993 (1993 QSR) was published, providing Nature (WWF).

7

PART I

PROCEEDINGS OF 1995 ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE (83rd StatutoryMeeting)

Aalborg, Denmark, 21-29 September 1995 - AGENDA FOR 1995 ICES ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE (83RD STATUTORY MEETING) Aalborg, Denmark, 21 - 29 September 1995

GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1 General Secretary's Announcements 2 President's Address, including: 2.1 Report on Symposia on "Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics", "The Changes in the North Sea Ecosys­ tem and their Causes: Arhus Revisited", and "The Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem" (co­ sponsored with NAFO) 2.2 Observers' Reports from Meetings of Co-operating Organisations 2.3 Deceases 3 Consultative Committee Chairman's Preview of Annual Science Conference 4 Address by Mr Henrik Dam Kristensen, Danish Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 5 Open Lecture: Prof. James T. Carlton on "Ballast Water: The Ecological Roulette of Marine Biological Invasions" 6 Response to Open Lecture: Dr K. Richardson (Chairman, Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment)

DELEGATES MEETING 1 Preliminary Report on Administration 2 Election of one Vice-President 3 Rules of Procedure: Revisions to reflect changes in ICES nomenclature 4 Co-operation with Other International Organisations: Working Relationships and Financial Arrange- ments 5 Memorandum of Understanding between OSPARCOM and ICES 6 Memorandum of Understanding between PAO and ICES 7 Criteria governing acceptance for Council membership and scientific observer status 8 Application by Greece (Institute of Marine Biology of Crete) for scientific observer status 9 Report of the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat Databases 10 Report of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES 11 Fourth International Conference on theProtection of the North Sea 12 International Conferences and Conventions: the need for a comprehensive ICES response mechanism 13 Topics for Delegates "Extra" Session 14 Enhanced information and publicity about ICES 15 Plans for ICES Centenary, 2002: Progress report 16 Appointment of one Member of Finance Committee 17 Report of Finance Committee 17 .1 Use of excess of income over expenditure from 1993/1994 17 .2 Audited Accounts for Financial Year 1993/1994 17.3 Estimated Accounts for Financial Year 1994/1995 17.4 Budget for Financial Year 1995/1996 17.5 Forecast Budget for Financial Year 1996/1997 17.6 Appointment of Auditors for 1995/1996 18 Report of Publications Committee 19 Reports and Recommendations of Consultative Committee 20 ACFM and ACME Matters 21 1996, 1997 Annual Science Conferences (84th and 85th Statutory Meetings) and subsequent Conferences 22 Any Other Business 11 PROGRAMME OF SCIENTIFIC AND BUSINESS SESSIONS AT 1995 ICES ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE

Thursday 21 September Saturday 23 September Tuesday 26 September 09. 00-11.00 11.30-13. 00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-11.00 11.30-13.00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-10.30 11.00-13.00 13.00-13.30 GENERAL Theme Session 0 Mini-Symposium Demersal Fish Shellfish Theme Session U CLOSING OF THE Committee "What's New? ASSEMBLY "Ballast Water: Ecological and Fisheries "ArcticOceanographic Processes" Committee SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS Implications" (Advisory and and Science Commit- tee Highlights)" OPEN LECTURE

Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Eurouahallen Europahallen "Ballast Water: Statistics Committee Demersal Fish Theme Session S Joint Session Fish Capture Pelagic Fish General Information The Ecological Committee "Improving the Link between "Improving Committee Committee See plan on back of card forlocation of meeting Roulette of Marine Fisheries Science and Manage- Species Selec- rooms. Copies of meeting papers are available in Biological Inva- ment II etc." tivityetc. " the Foyer on the first floor outside the Little sions" Guild Hall Guild Hall Guild Hall GuildHall Guild Hall GuildHall Theatre. by Fish Capture Committee Pelagic Fish Mariculture Theme Session R Hydrography Professor Committee Committee "Mariculture: Understanding Committee J.T. Carlton Environmental Interactions"

Music Hall Music Hall Music Hall Music Hall Music Hall ANACAT Hydrography Committee Biological Marine Pelagic Fish Biological Fish Oceanography Mammals Committee Oceanography Committee Committee Committee Committee

Europahallen Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour

Friday 22 September Monday 25 September OTHERSESSIONS attended by members only 09.00-11.00 I 11.30-13.00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-11.00 11.30-13.00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 Wednesday 20 September Theme Session Q Demersal Fish Theme Session P Theme Session T 09.00-16.00 Bureau (Merchant's Lounge) "Intermediate-ScalePhysical Processes and Their Committee "Causes of Observed Variations "Consequences of Manipula- 09.00-16.00 ACFM Consultations(Music Hall) Influenceon theTransport and FoodEnvironment in Fish Growth" tion/Management of 09.00-16.00 ACME Consultations (Radio Hall) of Fish" Nutrient-Foodweb Interactions" 17.00- Consultative Committee (Radio Hall) Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Thursday 21 September Shellfish Committee Fish Capture Theme Marine Envi- Statistics ANACAT Baltic Fish 14.30-17.00 Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) Committee Session S ronmental Committee Fish Commit- Committee Friday 22 September "Improving the Quality tee 09.00-13.00 Finance Committee Merchant'sLounge) Link between Committee Monday 25 September Fisheries Sci- 09.00-13.00 Publications Com. (Merchant'sLounge) ence andMan- 14.30-18.00 Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) agement II etc." Tuesday 26 September Guild Hall Guild Hall Guild Hall GuildHall Guild Hall GuildHall GuildHall 14.30- Consultative Committee (Radio Hall) ANACAT Fish Committee Biological Mariculture Committee Demersal Fish Committee Wednesday 27 September Oceanography 09.00- Consultative Committee (Music Hall) Committee 09.00-13.00 Delegates Meeting (Extra Session) (Radio Hall) Music Hall Music Hall Music Hall Music Hall Marine Environmental Quality Baltic Fish Committee Shellfish Committee Marine Mammals Committee Thursday 28 September Committee 14.30- Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) Friday 29 September Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour 09.00-12.30 Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Aalborghallen, Aalborg, Denmark Thursday, 21 September 1995

The General Secretary, Professor Christopher C. E. Whatever the scale of the stakes considered, it is neces­ Hopkins, called the General Assembly of the 1995 ICES sary to provide the different economic and political ac­ Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting) to tors with the best possible scientific foundation for de­ order at 09.00 hrs. He extended a warm welcome to the termining a coherent programme of action which takes Assembly, noting that more than 500 participants were into regard the likely consequences. Based on collective expected to register during the course of the Conference. knowledge and data, the expert advisory function of Attention was drawn to the various administrative and ICES is the ultimate creation of the fruit of scientific re­ social arrangements, including the situation of rooms for search. Contrary to some opinion, the scientific pro­ the scientific and business sessions, and elections to be grammes of ICES have regularly increased and occupy held for five Subject/Area Committee Chairmen as well a central position in our organisation. The ICES Annual as for a new Vice-President. Science Conference provides the opportunity to manifest the important role of science in our activities. Those The President, M Alain Maucorps1, opened the General who participate regularly in the ICES Statutory Meet­ Assembly: ings have registered the changes which have been aimed at increasing interest and relevance for those who have Mr Minister, Dear Colleagues, our arrival in Aalborg succeeded in leaving their usual work for a few days. offers to many of us who take part in the different ac­ tivities of ICES the opportunity to discover other hori­ I would like to repeat one of the new practices imple­ zons and different circumstances than those of the capi­ mented last year for making the organisation of ICES tal, Copenhagen. As far as I can ascertain, it is the first and the Annual Science Conference more comprehensi­ occasion when the Statutory Meeting, or Annual Science ble. First of all, allow me to introduce the persons pres­ Conference as it is now called, has been held outside of ent on the podium, the majority of whom are Vice­ Copenhagen when it has been hosted in Denmark. Presidents of the Council:

Aalborg, founded by the Vikings on the southern coast 1. Mr Henrik Dam Kristensen, our Guest of Honour, of the Limfjord, has achieved a reputation as a very ac­ the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in the Gov­ tive commercial and industrial centre. It is evident that ernment of Denmark. Denmark is the Host Country a concern with the exploitation of marine resources and in which ICES Headquarters is situated, and acts as with its relation to the environment is embedded in the the depositoryof the ICES Convention governing our culture of this region. From the 13th century to the be­ activities; ginning of the 19th century, the neighbouring town of 2. Dr L. Scott Parsons, First Vice-President of ICES Nibe was the centre of intensive fisheries directed each and Assistant Deputy Minister of Science, Depart­ spring and autumn towards the Limjjord herring. The ment of Fisheries and Oceans in Ottawa, Canada; contribution of this species to the economic and social 3. Dr Rafael Robles, Vice-President of ICES and Di­ life of this town is so important that its arms include rector of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography in three herring. The catch which exceeded the local need Madrid, Spain; was then disposed of in the Hanseatic towns of the 4. Dr Michael Sissenwine, Vice-President of ICES and North Sea, in turn generating a flourishing trade based the Senior Scientist of the National Marine Fisheries on exchange. This was not without its dangers, as it was Service of NOAA in Washington, D.C., USA; deemed necessary to protect the fishermen in terms of 5. Mr David MacLennan, Vice-President of ICES and both natural resources andspiritual temptation, with the Deputy Director of the Marine Laboratory, Aber­ result that a specially dedicated church was built in deen, in the Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries 1430. This is food for thought, as in being concerned Department; with the conditions affecting the man one must neglect 6. Professor Pentti Miilkki, Vice-President of ICES and neither the condition of the resources that men exploit Director of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research nor that of the marine environment itself. Because the in Helsinki; herring resource was not sufficiently protected, the fish­ 7. Dr Ingemar Olsson, Vice-President of ICES and ery supported by it collapsed around 1830. Sudden but Deputy Director of the Research Department of the late awareness and deficient action create situations that National Board of Fisheries in Gothenburg, Sweden; are sometimes irreversible, and this is well illustrated 8. The Chairman of the Consultative Committee, Dr by this local example. Colin Bannister, who otherwise manages the Shell­ fishResources Group in the MAFF Fisheries Labora­ 1 tory in Lowestoft, England; The President's address has been translated from French

13 9. Professor Chris Hopkins, the ICES General Secre­ ble. However, a popular saying which is similar in both tary, who heads the ICES Secretariat and ensures English and French advises against "throwing the baby that the decisions of the Council and the Bureau are out with the bath water". The ICES Annual Science followed up. Conference is of a high calibre and is constantly improv­ ing and developing, thanks to the endeavours of both the The Bureau comprises the Vice-Presidents and myself, planners and the participants. It provides a unique op­ with the General Secretary and the Chairman of the portunity to gather together a substantial part of the sci­ Consultative Committee as ex officio members. The Bu­ entific community which carries out the work of ICES, reau is the executive committee of ICES and supervises and it serves both a professional and a social need. the conduct of the ICES business; it is responsible, among other things, for organising the Annual Science The process of evolution in ICES is continuous and has Conference in close collaboration with and following not finished. In this context, your attention is particu­ advicefrom the Consultative Committee. The Council of larly drawn to Theme Session U on Tuesday 26 Septem­ Delegates comprises two representatives from each ber, when some of the possible changes for the Annual Member Country and forms a 'board of directors' who Science Conference, andother important facets of ICES, make the final decisions on the scientific policy, man­ will be considered. agement, and administration of ICES. I draw your attention to the Convenors' Reports, avail­ ICES has 15 standing scientific committees, comprising able as Document C.M. 1995/Gen:8 at the back of this twoAdvisory Committees and 12 Subject/Area Commit­ room andin the Documents Room, from ICES Symposia tees, and the Consultative Committee, dedicated to the during the past year: scientific and advisory co-operation which is, in part, • The Symposium on Fisheries andPlankton Acoustics manifestedat the Annual Science Conference. The Con­ was held from 12 to 16 June 1995 in Aberdeen, sultative Committee, which is composed of the Chairmen Scotland, and attracted a record participation of of the Advisorya nd Subject/Area Committees in addition about 270 participantsfrom 34 countries: to an elected Chairman, oversees all aspects of ICES' • The Symposium on Changes in the North Sea Ecosys­ scientific work. tem and Their Causes: Arhus 1975 Revisited was heldfrom 11 to 14 July 1995 in Arhus, Denmark, 20 The Blue Card provides an overview and timetable of years afterits predecessor-Symposium; the scientific and business sessions at the Annual Sci­ • The Joint NAFOIICES Symposium on the Role of ence Conference. I underline especially for newcomers Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem was held in the fact that all the scientific sessionsare open and that Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, from 6 to 8 Sep­ their participation in the discussions is desirable and tember 1995. essential. Only those sessions and meetings listed in the bottomright-hand comer of the Blue Card are restricted I also draw your attention to Document C.M. to appointed members. The Yellow List provides a 1995/Gen:1 containing the Observers' Reports from catalogue of the various papers, posters, andreports to persons who have represented ICES at some of the key be submitted to the various committees or bodies, and meetings of co-operating international organisations. the Green List contains the Agendas and Timetables for ICES obviously views such collaboration as highly im­ the different scientificsessions. portant, and the Council is currently continuing to de­ velop and formalise its relationships with appropriate TheAnnual Science Conference functions to: organisations. During this Annual Science Conference a • bring to the knowledge of the scientific community Memorandum of Understanding will be signed with the the results and progress of the work conducted in Oslo andParis Commissions. many fieldsof marine research; • analyse the state of knowledge, identify the gaps, I now have the sad duty to announce the decease in the and then propose relevant and well- reflected actions past year of several colleagues formerly active in the to fillthe gaps. work ofICES: • Professor JozefPopiel ofPoland died on 25 Febru­ The proposals for future work and actions are consid­ ary 1995 at the age of 72. He graduated from the ered in the committee sessions and, after review by the University of Krakow, and entered the Institute of Consultative Committee, are submitted to the Delegates Marine Fisheries in Gdynia in 1949 and retired in forendors ement as CouncilResolutions. 1990. He was a Delegate of Poland to ICESfrom 1971 to 1982, and a Vice-President of the Council The struct functioning, and organisation ofthe An­ ure, from 1979 to 1981. His experience related to the nual Science Conference have progressively been devel­ Baltic, and particularly to pelagic fish resources, oped. Some ofICES' activities and its organisation ap­ made him highly respected in several of the Sub­ pear to be rather unwieldy in addressing today's issues ject/Area Committees and Working Groups of ICES. and challenges and can be improved upon. Development He was a member ofACFM from its creation until and change, either more or less profound, are inevita-

14 1987, and represented Poland in ICNAF. Everybody was particularly important; in 1983 he accepted the remembers his great kindness, and his vast knowl­ editorship of the Journal du Conseil. Thanks to his edge was equalled by his integrity and his magna­ personal input over eight years, this became the nimity. He added to that a remarkable understanding ICES Journal of Marine Science which is now rec­ of French culture, a feature which was particularly ognised as being one ofthe premier marine science appreciated by some ofus; publications. The memory ofRay as a sympathetic • Mr David Olafsson oflceland died on 21 June 1995. man and elite scientist, although indelibly bound to He was Director of Fisheries in Icelandfrom 1940 to ICES, is recognised far and wide. To acknowledge 1961 and then became Director of the Central Bank Ray's unique contributions to ICES over a lifetime, of Iceland. He was a Delegate of Iceland to ICES the Bureau has decided to give Ray Beverton 's name from 1961 to 1967 and a Vice-President of the to the new meeting room in the extensions to the Councilfrom 1964 to 1967. He was the President of premises at ICES Headquarters so graciously pro­ thefirst NEAFCfrom 1966to 1969; vided recently by the Danish Government. In this • Dr Pierre Hovart ofBelgium died on 24 June 1995. contextI publicly express my thanks to theMinister. In 1963, he became the first Director of the new Fisheries Research Station in Ostende. He was a We have lost colleagues who heldimportant positions in Delegate of Belgium to ICES from 1965 to his death, our scientific community and with whom solid ties of which made him the then longest-servingDelegate in work and friendship were woven. We offer our condo­ the Council. A member ofseveral ICES committees, lences to their families and ask you to stand for a few he was elected Vice-President of the Council on two moments of silence in their memory. occasions; first in 1981 and then again in 1991. At Bureau Meetings he exhibited frank and pragmatic Before returning to today's meeting, I would like to give qualities as well as a unique sense of humour. He thefloor for a few moments to Dr Emory Anderson of was due to retire next year. Pierre had a strong the National Marine Fisheries Service in Woods Hole, sense of justice and public service. He served as Massachusetts, USA, and fonner ICES General Secre­ member of the Board of Directors at St John's tary. Hospital in Bruges where he had a special respon­ sibilityfor economic matters; Dr Anderson gave the following address: • Professor Raymond J. H. Beverton of the United Kingdom died at the age of 72 on 23 July 1995. He Mr Minister, Mr President, Delegates, Guests, Ladies was one of the most eminent fisheries biologists of and Gentlemen. It is a very great pleasure for me to be the last 40 years. Ray was a brilliant scholar in back here today among friends andformer colleagues, physics, chemistry, and zoology at Cambridge Uni­ and it is an even greater pleasure and personal honour versity, and crowned his achievements there with the to have the unique opportunity of paying tribute to a very best exam results and was awarded the Smart man we all loved and respected and who was a dear Prize. The Second World War interrupted his further friend:Ray Beverton. studies but it gave him the opportunity to become acquainted with the marine science community by Although Ray's arena of endeavour and his scientific spending a year at the Lowestoft Laboratory. On achievements were focused mainly in the Northeast At­ having completed his studies, he returned to Low­ lantic, we on the western side ofthe Atlantic without a estoft in 1947 to develop his ideas on the dynamics doubt viewed Ray as one of our pre-eminent mentors of exploited fish populations, and in collaboration and shining lights in the field fisheriesof science. All of with Sidney Holt he published the book On the Dy­ us in North America were deeply saddened at his pass­ namics of Exploited Fish Populations in 1957 which ing and join Kathy in mourning her great loss. became a classic ofpopulation ecology, and is the most-quoted book in fisheries science. In 1961 he Over the years, Ray paid numerous visits to North was appointed Deputy Director of the Fisheries America, coming first in 1951 to give a course on the Laboratory in Lowestoft, but he left in 1965 to es­ dynamics ofexploited fish populations and last in May tablish the UK Natural Environment Research 1994 to give a series of lectures as partof a nation-wide Council (NERC). He relinquished his position at tour that took him from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, to NERC in 1980 but he continued his research in sev­ Juneau, Alaska. eral centres oflearning, including the University of Wales where he was appointed Professor Emeritus In recognition of the esteem with which the name Ray and directed the School of Pure and Applied Biol­ Beverton is held in North America, the American Insti­ ogy. His scientific competence and human qualities tute ofFishery Research Biologists has selected him as have been unanimously recognised. Ray was always the 1995 recipient of its Outstanding Achievement in demand nationally and internationally and rarely Award. In its 39-year existence as an association dedi­ refused requests for help. Long is the list of the na­ cated to establishing and maintaining high professional tional and international organisations to which he standards of recognition of achievement and compe­ offered his services. In the case ofICES, Ray's role tence, the Institute has presented this award only four-

15 teen times. The Award is presented this year to Profes­ want to thank ICES very much for inviting me to come sor R.J.H. Beverton for his "exceptional pioneering re­ to the Annual Science Conference and for the kind and search and leadership in the development of dynamics of generous sympathy that I have received. I know that Ray fish populations and the communication of fisheries sci­ would have been deeply honoured to have become the ence through publications, teaching, editing, and advis­ recipient of the award from the American Institute of ing which greatly advanced the management of fishery Fishery Research Biologists. I think too that he would resources around the world". have been more than a little humble. The Beverton clan will treasure this tribute always. Thank you! Before asking Kathy to come forward to accept this award on behalfof her late husband, I wouldlike to di­ The President then introduced Dr Colin Bannister, gress for a moment. Today's occasion brings to mind Chairman of the Consultative Committee, who reported the Opening Session of the 1991 Statutory Meeting in La as follows: Rochelle when Jakob Jakobsson, then President of lCES, paid tribute to Ray and presented him with a gift Mr Minister, Mr President, Colleagues and Guests, the from the Council in recognition of his eight years of aim of this presentation really is to welcome newcomers service as Editor of the ICES Journal of Marine Sci­ to ICES and further clarify details about how ICES ence. At a rare loss for words immediately following functions, in particular in the context of the Annual Sci­ Jakob 's presentation, Ray provided a response five days ence Conference. later at the Closing Session. Those of us who were privileged to be present that day witnessed, in my opin­ The Annual Science Conference provides an up-to-date ion, one of the most eloquent farewell addresses ever view of the work of ICES in our fields of endeavour, the delivered. It was clearly evident from Ray's remarks oceans, the harvestable resources and the marine envi­ that his love and respect for ICES ran deeply. He was ronment through the medium of our scientific studies, indeed one of the Council's most ardent and devoted our advice on management and the information that we champions. His closing words, consisting of some light­ provide to the scientific community and to the public. hearted "Advice to Prospective Contributors to the ICES Within the Annual Science Conference itselfwe can ap­ Journal of Marine Science" conveyed as a parody of the preciate the various levels in our structure which have final verse of Rudyard Kipling's poem "If", which he been working through the year: the Bureau, the support­ and Kathy had crafted in their hotel room the evening ing levels involving the Finance and Publication Com­ before, highlighted his farewell. However, what im­ mittees, the Consultative Committee which embraces the pressed and touched me deeply that day and has re­ Chairmen of the Subject/Area Science Committees and mained with me ever since is the final verse of the origi­ the Advisory Committees, and of course the active ICES nal poem which, in a way, typifies Ray and his ap­ working level through the Study and Working Groups, proach to life. I wouldlike to share those few lines with and the Advisory Committees which meet at various you: times through the year - all ably supported by the ICES Secretariat. The Annual Science Conference represents, "If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, in many ways, the culmination of the ICES year. In fact, Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch, the Annual Science Conference actually started yester­ If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, day for the Bureau, the Advisory Committees, and the If all men count with you, but none too much; Consultative Committee, who previewed various aspects If you can fill the unforgiving minute of this meeting as well as the general work of ICES. With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, During the Conference itselfwe have not only the sci­ Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, entific sessions but the business sessions; the latter are And - which is more - you'll be a Man, my son!" the engine for reviewing the work that we have carried out as well as for formulating Recommendations for new On behalfof Dr Vaughn Anthony, the immediate past­ activities. During the business sessions of the Sub­ President of the AIFRB, it is a high honour and distinct ject/Area Committees there is a review of the reports of personal pleasure for me to ask Kathy Beverton to come Study and Working Groups. A major activity of the forward and accept the American Institute of Fishery various standing scientific committees is to facilitate the Research Biologists Outstanding Achievement Award for co-ordination of marine research across the ICES Mem­ 1995 presented posthumously to her husband, Professor ber Countries. When you all have gone home, the rest of RaymondBeverton. the stitching together of the Recommendations and for­ mulations of Terms of Reference into Council Resolu­ Mrs Kathy Beverton responded: tions for the coming year is done. Thus, the Annual Sci­ ence Conference is more than just a scientific shop win­ I am sure that you will all understand how I feel at this dow; it is also a major business event in the ICES year. moment. Nevertheless, I want to thank all those people who have written to me. I have only been able to answer The actual programme, which is organised predomi­ a fraction of the letters but I appreciate every single nantly through proposals received from the scientists of one. I am indeed privileged to be here with you and I ICES themselves, is set up by the Consultative Commit-

16 tee with the approval ofthe Bureau and the Delegates. There are additional Theme Sessions on We have to balance the individual disciplinary compo­ "Mariculture: Understanding Environmental Inter­ nents of our teams with the interdisciplinaryfocus which actions" and on "Consequences of Manipula­ is increasingly important in marine science and advice. tion/Management of Nutrient Fluxes on Foodweb Additional meansfor bringing science intofocus include Interactions". Of course the Marine Environmental Symposia, which are generally held at other times of the Quality Committee itselfmakes a major contribution year, the Open Lecture, Mini-Symposia, Theme Ses­ to better understanding ofthe various issues in the sions, the Joint Sessions of individual Subject/Area form of its Working Group reports; Committees, and the individual Subject/Area Committee • LifeHis tory andManagement Studies where we have Sessions. The Blue Card presents a graphical display, two Theme Sessions: one examining "Causes ofOb­ not only of the timing of these individual sessions but served Variations in Fish Growth", the otherform­ also of the comprehensive programme forming the An­ ing partof a long-running examination of the current nual Science Conference. The program increasingly has status of fisheries science in relation to management attempted to focus on currently relevant issues as seen - "Improving the Link between Fisheries Science and by ICES. Management III: Can We Manage Fisheries by Technical Measures Alone?". There is also a Joint Some of the keyare as ofinterest in ICES in recent years Session of several Subject/Area Committees on are: "Improving Species Selectivity in Mixed Species Fisheries", and then the individual Committee Ses­ • ocean processes and their variability, and the effects sions which represent the broad area of life history, of these on biological populations; resource assessment, and management; • the assessment of our resources and the associated • Oceanic Processes, where the Mini-Symposium on management advice; "Arctic Oceanographic Processes" and the Theme • evaluation of the success and failure of resource Session on "Intermediate-Scale Processes and Their management; Influence on the Transport and Food Environment of • the impact on the ecosystemof fishing itself; Fish" form the major contributions. Additional Ses­ • the measurement ofanthropogenic effects of all kinds sions of the Biological Oceanography and Hydro­ on the environment; graphy Committees also provide focus on related • the advice and objectives for fisheries and environ­ matters. mental management. Finally, as the President has indicated, Theme Session This list simply attempts to embrace the general areas of U will featurefeedback from the various scientific ses­ ICES work, and the time available to me now restricts sions and will also allow for comment on ICES' organ­ thepossibilities for elaboration. isational structure.

I and my colleagues who are Chairmen of standing sci­ As many of you know, we have been trying to improve entific committees seek feedback from the floor at this various aspects of the organisation of the Annual Sci­ Annual Science Conference on aspects of science which ence Conference and we are experimenting this year you feel that ICES has unduly neglected in its science with common patterns oftimin g of the paper presenta­ .programme or in the Annual Science Conferences. tions in our Subject/Area Committees. You will note that Please leave your notes addressing this matter either in the timetables of the Green Pages provide the possibility my pigeon hole or at the ICES Desk; we will be happy for participants to move synchronously between the to take these into consideration in futureAnnual Science Sessions. It is up to the Chairmen or Convenors ofSes­ Conference plans. sions to make sure that they keep on schedule.

Looking at the programme for this Annual Science As usual, I will be awarding prizesfor the best Poster, Conference, I have categorised the activities into three Paper, and Young Scientist/Newcomer Awards. Nomi­ broad classes: nations will come forward from the Subject/Area Committees and Convenors, so please make your views • Environmental Quality - Measurement and Manage­ known. ment, starting with Professor James T. Carlton 's Open Lecture "Ballast Water: The Ecological Rou­ I will draw to your attention the recent publication of lette of Marine Biological Invasions", and the short the "ICES Code of Practice on the Introduction and response to this by Dr Katherine Richardson, Transfers of Marine Organisms" which provides a good Chairman of theAdvisory Committee on the Marine illustration of the manner in whichICES provides advice Environment. Then we have the following Theme to those responsible for managing the marine environ­ Session on "Ballast Water: Ecological and Fisheries ment. Implications", which is co-sponsored by Interna­ tional Maritime Organization and the Intergovern­ The Bureau Working Group has been reviewing the mental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. structure of ICES with a view to determining whether

17 ICES is suitably geared-up to face the current andfu­ ture issues and challenges in the fields of science and ICES faces great challenges today and in the coming advice. Any views that you have about where ICES years. It is my hope that this Conference can strengthen should be going will be most welcome and should be and further develop the work of ICES. communicated to the Subject/Area Committee Chairmen or to me. My message to this Conference is plain: we should maintain the division between management and advice. Enjoy the Conference! But advice should develop andadd new instruments and assume greater responsibility for strengthening the dia­ The President thankedDr Bannister, and continued: logue between research, industry, and management.

Before giving the floor to the Minister of Agriculture We are living in changing times andthe need for knowl­ and Fisheries, who has been so kind to come and ad­ edge andinformation grows every day. Demands to or­ dress the General Assembly, I would like to take advan­ ganise and use information in a meaningful way is also tage of his presence by noting that since the last ICES growing. It is crucial that political decisions be based StatutoryMeeting was heldin Denmark in 1990we have on detailed as well as broad-based knowledge of the been confronted with major concerns related to the re­ status of marine resources. gional and global status offisheries and the marine en­ vironment. Before being able to contemplate suitable The process that has been started in connection with the restorative measures, it is necessary to have conducted UN and North Sea international conferences indicate detailed and objective assessment and monitoring stud­ that this organisation will have a considerable respon­ ies. Paradoxically, the scientists in many of the relevant sibility for meeting an increasing demand for the collec­ fields, and in particular those working with exploited tion and processing of data. living resources, are confronted with a serious deterio­ ration of the quality and timeliness of the information Our work as responsible managers can today be seen in and data that they need in order to carry out their as­ connection with much broader considerations than ear­ sessments and provide advice for management pu,poses. lier, and many more actors are demanding that their These scientists sometimes find that the reliability of interests be addressed. Managers must take a long list their advice is questioned by those who either originally of factors into account when organising fisheries: provided the data or utilise the resources in question. Generally the research on the mechanisms which govern • the biological conditions; the marine system, both ecologically and economically, • the economics of the fisheries as a whole and espe- cannot be conducted without appropriate quantification cially for dependentgroups; and the application of models. Thus, although there is • relations with andrespect for the ecosystem. some variability in the national submission of relevant data to ICES, the general decline in standards of timeli­ We have established clearer objectives and better in­ ness andquality of statistics anddata contributes to un­ struments for fisheries management. This means that we dermining the quality of the scientific information and want to strengthen the use of the principles of sustain­ advice that can be provided. If I take the liberty of men­ ability andcaution. It also means that we must increase tioning this problem in the presence of the Minister it is our efforts to find management methods that are to a because I hope that you will be our spokesman in greater extent acceptable to fishermen. I believe that drawing such concerns to the attention of the appropri­ these twoconsiderations are inter-linked. ate international forums, be they in the European Union or elsewhere, where you meet your colleagues in charge Managers make strong demands that the basic frame­ of marine affairs. I thank the Minister in advance for work for fisheries be regulated and observed. I am es­ any steps that he may be able to take in order to remedy pecially referring to the regulation offleet-capacity. On the current difficulties. The provision ofthe best avail­ the other hand, we must take into consideration to a able, politically neutral, scientific information and ad­ greater degree themarket-forces or incentives that guide vice is the prerequisite for subsequent decision-making. the fisheries in practice. Thank you, Mr Minister! Observance and integrity are the key words in fisheries Ladies and Gentlemen, Mr HenrikDam Kristensen. management. Likewise observance and integrity are necessaryfor advice to be accepted. 2 Mr Henrik Dam Kristensen , Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, gave the following address: The legitimacy ofmanagement depends on its ability to create understandable and acceptable regulations, and Thank you for inviting me to speak here today. the legitimacy of advice is dependent on its objectivity and its foundation on the best possible data and re- search methods. 2 The Minister's address has been translated from Dan­ ish

18 The last decade has brought about great changes in the My proposal is: conditions of our work and we notice today a very dif­ ferent public interest and awareness offishery manage­ Maintain our respective division of roles, develop and ment. add new instruments to your arsenal and take a greater responsibility in furthering the dialogue between re­ I would like to stress that I see recent developments in search, industry, and management. bridging the gap betweenfishery management and ecol­ ogy as representing real progress. At the same time, we My understanding of this organisation and the serious must ensure that the dialogue with the interested groups work that takes place internationally in the ICES com­ that do not have a business relationship with fisheries munity strengthens my belief that we will continue to takes place on the basis of genuine respect. worktogether in thefutur e on our common tasks.

It is important that ICES continues with its role and Thankyou for inviting me here today and good luck with guards its neutrality and objectivity. Advice must be in­ your work! disputable. We must ensure that the advisory process is independent of conflicting interests in the international The President thanked the Minister for his most en­ arena. couraging address. He then welcomed Professor James T. Carlton (USA), who would present the Open Lecture This is the 83rd Statutory Meeting ofICES. This organi­ on "Ballast Water: The Ecological Roulette of Marine sation can be proud ofits ability to live up to new goals Biological Invasions" . and demands. I am quite sure that we today have an ex­ cellent balance between our relative areas of responsi­ Professor Carlton presented a 40-minute lecture illus­ bility. I have noted this organisation's ability to meet trated by slides on the incidence of introductions and new challenges, without losing sight of its objectives. transfers of new organisms from one area to another, ICES is attentive and open to current debate but its con­ the manner in which such movements occur, and the duct is not dictated by it. damage as well as the benefits that may result. The pa­ per on which his lecture was based will be published in It is forgivable in such an assembly as this, for me to the ICES Cooperative Research Report series. grasp the opportunity to express my personal wishesfor some priorities. Let me make some points in looking The President thanked Professor Carlton for his stimu­ forward to improvements in the advisory process: lating lecture and called upon Dr Katherine Richardson, Chairman of the Advisory Committee on the Marine • Can the delay between the collection of data and the Environment (ACME), to respond to the lecture theme. provision ofadvice be reduced? Ifso, we will expe­ rience a better agreement between advice andfish­ The address of Dr Richardson follows: ermen's perception of the quantity offish in the sea; • An improvement of data quality is fundamental. Thankyou, MrPresident. Better data on fish-stock developments will also provide better fisheries regulation. It will also be We hope when we see such an Open Lecture advertised possible to learn more about the effect of external that it will be one that rivets us to our chairs. This time factors on the stocks, such as pollution and climatic I can quite honestly say that it was highly informative influences. andentertaining. Thankyou, Jim Carlton! Management andadvisory bodies must solve these tasks As a representative of the advisoryfunction ofICES, I together. got a very uneasyfeeling, when I listened to your talk, that when we are looking at the issue ofballast water it • It would be beneficial ifICES could develop methods is an example of advice gone wrong. I am olde nough to to address risk and uncertainty in its counselling. I remember that when we first started talking about bal­ would also like to see concrete ideas on how one can last water in the scientific community, we regarded apply a 'management under uncertainty principle'; ballast water as being pure 'poison'. The scientists then • We must know more about the importance of exter­ informed the managers andthe industry that they should nal influences and more about ecological interac­ clean matters up and the industry listened. The industry tions; cleaned it up, but another mess has materialised. Some • Finally, we must aim at finding specific management people appear to believe that we can get out ofthe cur­ methods that are best suited to the individualfisher­ rent difficulties by putting 'poison' back in the ballast ies. I believe that different fisheries and different water - we seem to have gone full circle! I have just fishing operations require different regulatory meth­ stated that we are in a new mess, but are we really? ods. During the last few days I have spent a good deal of I am aware that my wishes require our co-operation. time talking to colleagues within as well as outside ICES

19 to ask them about their impressions of ballast water and stocks are too heavily exploited. Nevertheless, the ICES their feelings about the topic that we have been hearing advice forms an important part of the discussion and about this morning. Usually the response that I have re­ decision-making process. Thus, even though there are ceived questions the extent to which serious negative strong economic interests involved, I am sure that there impacts have been documented in the ICES region. In is a role for ICES scientific advice in addressing the terms of the ICES region the answer is probably 'no we ballast water problem. cannot document them'. As Jim Carlton indicated in the Open Lecture, the But do we take the problem seriously enough? We can, problem of introductions is more than a ballast water of course, say we have arranged an Open Lecture on problem. It is too easy and very comfortable for us to sit Ballast Water, and we have a related Theme Session back and point at the big, anonymous shipowner as the this afternoon. When I look back, however, I can re­ sinner. In principle many of the activities with which a member about three years ago ICES received a letter number of us are involved, albeit on a smaller scale, from FAO, or a body related to it, in which the collapse can represent similar threats to those of ballast water. of the Black Sea anchovyfishery was associated with the On the other hand, it was noted that species are inten­ introduction of a foreign ctenophore, a gelatinous tionally moved in aquaculture, for both good and bad. plankton organism. The letter made it clear that there In the same way, sea ranching and our attempts to en­ were serious concerns that the Baltic Sea might be af­ hance stocks can also have effects that we do not fore­ fected in some similar manner to the Black Sea. Unfor­ see. ICES is also interested in genetically modified or­ tunately, ACFM and the fish-related standing commit­ ganisms and the way one can change the genetic com­ tees were not informed of the communication, whereas position of the wild stocks. ICES has produced a "Code the environmentally related standing scientific commit­ of Practice on Introductions and Transfers. of Marine tees were informed. We seem to have learnt some les­ Organisms" - promoting, among other things, guidelines sons in the meanwhile, but it concerns me how rapidly that ought to be followed to minimise the negative con­ ballast water introductions and transfers may also rep­ sequences of aquaculture or other activities. Although resent a very serious threat to fisheries in the ICES re­ the 1994 Code of Practice has just been produced, I am gion. not yet sure how seriously it will be taken, even in the ICES region. Have you gone home to your countries, A fascinating little organism, a dinoflagellate algal got it translated, and made certain that it has been species, was first described in 1992. Although it has a noted by those who need to know? Latin name, it is commonly known as the phantom dino­ flagellate. It is found in some coastal regions along the Thechallenge for us at this Annual Science Conference, East Coast of the USA where it lives most of its life in and within ICES as a whole, is not one of deciding an encysted form. It is like a little 'cocoon' bound in the whether introductions and transfers are problems for sediments but it needs live fish or fish excrement to trig­ ICES or not. ICES has taken these problems up, not ger it to emerge from its cyst. On emerging, it produces least with the excellent ICES Working Group that Jim a potent neurotoxin that causes major fish-kills. Most of Carlton has chaired over the last years. We are not so these fish-kills only last several days, but when the fish naive within ICES as to argue that we should stop ship­ are decimated the phantom dinoflagellate encysts, re­ ping, aquaculture, or stock enhancement and sea turns to the bottom sediments, and waits until suitable ranching, because of the risks involved. That would be conditions for emerging occur again. If the 'roulette the same as arguing that we shouldstop fishing because wheel' that Jim Carlton described for us today 'spins' of the risk that we may over-exploit a species or that we and results in a similar problem in the Baltic, I am mayendanger a non-target species. Our challenge is to certain that ICES or its Member Countries will take identify the channels through which ICES can contribute ballast water, and introductions and transfers, seri­ to the process of minimising the risks involved in carry­ ously. ing out these sorts of activities, and in carrying ballast water fromone part of the world to another. In conversing with colleagues to get ideas as to how I should respond to an Open Lecture whose script I had I personally hope and believe that many of the people in not yet seen, someone quite high up within the ICES hi­ this room today look forward to challenges and certainly erarchy said that I could make a case arguing that sci­ look forward to the following Theme Session where this ence will not be able to compete with the economic in­ topic will be further examined and discussed. terests involved; a conflict of interest will result in sci­ ence not being taken seriously in some quarters. I don't Thank you very much! buy that because ICES knows what it is like to work with scientific advice in an area where there is a clash The President warmly thanked Dr Richardson for her with economic interests - this is certainly the case with remarks, which he was sure would contribute to an fisheries. ICES frequently provides advice that is not encouraging start to Theme Session T due to follow the used, in the sense that quotas are not reduced despite General Assembly. He concluded: there being good scientific data indicating that fish-

20 Dear Friends, I hope that you have been satisfactorily I wish you an excellent Annual Science Conference in engaged by the successive presentations and addresses terms of both scientific and social benefit. that you have listened to. I hope that my interludes in French have not confused you too much and, above all, The President adjourned the General Assembly at 10.50 I thank you for your attention. hrs.

I am indebted to the Minister for having spent so much of his valuable time at this Opening Session.

DOCUMENTS

Gen:1 Observers' Reports from Co-operating Organisations Gen:2 ICES Activities in 1994/1995 Gen:3 Election of Standing Scientific Committee Chairmen at 1995 Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting) Gen:4 Report of the Mid-Term Meeting of the Consultative Committee, ICES Headquarters, 1-2 June Ref. A+ Del 1995 Gen:5 Advance Release of Tables 1-6 of ICES Fisheries Statistics, Vol. 79 for 1994 Gen:6 1994/1995 Overview of ICES Committees and Subsidiary Groups and their Shadowing by Secre­ tariat Staff, and Schedule of ICES Meetings and List of CM Codes Gen:7 ICES' Role in Environmental Monitoring Gen:8 Convenors Reports of ICES Symposia

21 CLOSING OF THE SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS Aalborghallen, Aalborg, Denmark Tuesday, 26 September 1995

The General Secretary opened the Closing of the for C.M. 1995 /K:43 "The deep water crab Chaceon Scientific Sessions at 13.00 hrs and announced: affinis, a new fisheries resource in the Azores?". • Five new Chairmen had been elected for the following c) Newcomer Award to G. Marteinsd6ttir and G. Subject/Area Committees: Dr Peter Stewart (UK), Petursd6ttir (Iceland) for Doc. C.M. 1995/G: 15 Fish Capture; Dr Peter Matthiessen (UK), Marine "Spatial and temporal variation in reproduction of Environmental Quality; Mr Frans van Beek Icelandic cod at Selvogbanki and nearby coastal (Netherlands), Demersal Fish; Mr Eero Aro areas". (Finland), Baltic Fish; and Dr Heye Rumohr Finally, Dr Bannister expressed his thanks to the (Germany), Biological Oceanography; Chairmen and Convenors of the scientific sessions for • Professor John Pope (UK) had been elected as a new their support in arranging and carrying out thestimulating Vice-President of the Council; programme at the 1995 Annual Science Conference. • Dr Rudi De Clerck (Belgium) had been appointed as a new member of the FinanceCommittee. The President announced that Professor Jakob Jakobsson had, earlier in the year, been awarded the highly He congratulated the above-named new officials on their prestigious "Chorofas Prize" of the Swiss Academy of appointments. The Council was most appreciative of the Science. The prize was awarded for his outstanding services of the outgoing officials. scientific contribution towards the sustainable exploitation of natural resources and the protection of ecosystem The number of registered participants at the Annual diversity. He explained thatJakob wished to make it clear Science Conference had been in excess of 500, closely that he viewed the award of the prize as recognising the comparable with the records set in 1993 in Dublin, endeavours of numerous colleagues at the Institute of Ireland, and in 1994 in St John's, Canada. Poster Marine Research in Iceland. On behalf of all his many presenters were reminded to remove their materials, and friends and colleagues, the President congratulated Jakob Committee Chairmen and Convenors/Rapporteurs of the Jakobsson on his achievement, underlining that ICES was Mini-Symposium, and Theme and Joint Sessions were extremely proud that the prize had been awarded to a requested to submit their reports to the Secretariat as soon distinguished Icelandic fisheries scientist, who was also a as possible. former President of the Council.

On behalf of all the participants, the Council and the He expressed his gratitude to all those, participants as Secretariat, warm thanks were conveyed to the Mayor well as organisers, who had contributed to make the 1995 and City of Aalborg for their hospitality, to the Danish Annual Science Conference a success. The Annual Delegates and the Danish Ministry of Agriculture and Science Conference had developed and improved over Fisheries for hosting the sumptuous reception of the several years, but further progress was always a evening of the General Assembly, and the staff of the legitimate goal. In the same way, consideration was being Aalborg Congress and Culture Center as well as the given to how the structure of ICES as an organisation Aalborg Tourist Office for the excellent arrangements and could be further improved. Mont St Michel near Brittany; support behind the scenes. although being built on a rock was surrounded by shifting sands and currents; ICES was more like a living The 1996 Annual Science Conference would be held in organism, although being sturdy it needed to adapt Reykjavik, Iceland. The Council had just accepted kind through an evolutionary process to the changing invitations from the Government of the United States to environment. The Bureau Working Group on the hold the 1997 Annual Science Conference and the Structure of ICES had produced a report which had been Government of Portugal to hold the 1998 Annual Science the subject of debate and critique from the Delegates as Conference. well as the 'grass roots' at the Annual Science Conference. The feedback that had been received would The Chairman of the Consultative Committee be given serious attention, and would be taken into announced the prize winners for Poster, Paper, and account by the Bureau and the Bureau Working Group Newcomer awards, and he and the President presented itself in its further work. It was necessary to attempt to certificatesand gifts: maintain momentum while also seeking to accommodate a) Best Paper Presentation Awards to God0, O.R., the legitimate views of a wide range of parties within the Huse, I., and K. Michalsen, (Norway) for Doc. ICES community. C.M.1995/B:16 "Catfish - King of the Sea"; Finally, he wished everyone a safe journey home, and b) Best Poster Presentation Award to Gom;alves, adjourned the meeting at 13.30 hrs. J.M., Pinho, M.R., and H.R. Martins (Portugal)

22 REPORT OF DELEGATES MEETING

Five sessions of the Delegates Meeting were held under ACME; c) co-operation with other international organi­ the chairmanship of M Alain Maucorps, President of sations; d) Symposia held during the year or in prepara­ ICES. tion for future years; e) ICES Tenth Dialogue Meeting; t) meetings of the Advisory Committees and Study/ Thursday 21 September 14.30-18.00 hrs Working Groups; g) Secretariat matters, particularly the Monday 25 September 14.30-18.00 hrs extensions in space ("Beverton Rooms") provided by Wednesday 27 September 09.00-13.00 hrs theHost Country (Denmark) for additional meeting and Thursday 28 September 14.30-19.00 hrs office space, and updating of computer facilities; and h) Friday 29 September 09.00-12.30 hrs publication activities.

All Member Countries were represented at all sessions, The President drew the attention of Delegates to diffi­ together with the General Secretary. Other participants culties experienced by ICES in obtaining the timely were the Chairman of the Consultative Committee, the submission of reliable fishery statistics and data, and the Environment Secretary, the Fishery Secretary, and the effects that this had on publication of ICES Fisheries Oceanography Secretary. Statistics. However, in order to make progress in pub­ lishing fishery statistics since the last issue in 1992 (for The President opened the first session of the Delegates 1988 data) it had been decided that one should now meeting by stating that he would be exercising his pre­ publish the data one had in a reasonable time-frame. rogative to speak in French which was one of the two The gravity of the situation had necessitated him em­ official languages of ICES, and registered Delegates by phasising the matter for the Danish Minister of Agricul­ a roll-call. He particularly welcomed a number of new ture and Fisheries at the General Assembly. The initia­ Delegates (Mr Mogens Schou, Denmark, Mr David de tive taken in December 1993, whereby the General Sec­ G. Griffith, Ireland, and Dr Grac;a Pestana, Portugal) retary wrote to the Embassies of ICES Member Coun­ and Acting Delegates (Dr Olafur Astthorsson, Iceland tries in Copenhagen requesting that the poor situation who served in place of Mr Johann Sigurj6nsson, and Dr regarding submission of fishery statistics be remedied, Maurice Heral, France who served in place of M Andre had resulted in very few results. He therefore proposed Forest). [At the 27 September session he welcomed Dr that a letter be sent by himself and the General Secre­ Jake Rice, Canada who served as Acting Delegate in tary directly to the government departments responsible place of Dr L. Scott Parsons, Mr Poul Degnbol, Den­ for collection and submission of these statistics. mark who served as Acting Delegate in place of Mr Niels Axel Nielsen, Prof. Walter Nellen, Germany who The Delegate of Ireland suggested that ICES should served in place of Prof. Jens Meineke, and Dr Michael give consideration to the technique used by FAQ in Reeve, USA who served in place of Dr John Steele] publishing fishery statistics when submissions were ei­ ther late or totally lacking, i.e. an estimate could be The President quickly reviewed the agenda and indi­ published for the particular country in the given area cated the sessions at which he intended to consider each using the most reliable sources (e.g. Working Group particular agenda item. In particular, he pointed out that reports) available. It should be distinguished, when the Chairman of the Oslo and Paris Commissions would publishing, between data submitted by countries and attend the end of Agenda Item 5 in order to sign the those which were ICES estimates. MoU between ICES and the Commissions. He re­ quested, and received, Delegates' approval for the pro­ The President noted that such a procedure would be posals. fairly time-consuming but that it would be worthwhile to contact the fishery statistics department of FAQ to At the invitation of the President, the General Secre­ advise on how one may best tackle the matter. He re­ tary drew Delegates attention to various receptions and quested, and received, the support of Delegates for his other social events occurring at the Annual Science proposal to write to the appropriate government de­ Conference, and the times and venues of elections for partments in Member Countries with a view to ICES five new Chairmen for Subject/Area Committees. receiving more timely submission and reliable quality of fisheriesstatistics and data. Agenda Item 1 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION Agenda Item 2 ELECTION OF ONE VICE­ PRESIDENT The General Secretary drew attention to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:2 with particular regard to the following The General Secretary noted that information govern­ points: a) discussions with representatives of Lithuania ing the election of a new Vice-President to replace Mr regarding possible membership of ICES; b) changes in D.N. MacLennan (UK), who would step down on 31 national Delegates and membership of ACFM and

23 December 1995, was provided in Doc. C.M. ambiguous, particularly when it was necessary to trans­ 1995/Del:7. late the sentence into German.

The election was conducted in accordance with Rules 4 The General Secretary replied that the text in Rule 26 and 5 of the Rules of Procedure, the pertinent features was exactly as agreed, after lengthy discussion, at the being reviewed before the nominations and election was 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd Statutory proceeded with. Meeting). He urged Delegates not to open a "Pandora's box" of language and meaning at this stage. Accord­ Prof. J.G. Pope (UK) was elected as Vice-President ingly, he proposed that Delegates delayed a decision for a three-year term commencing 1 January 1996 and about how much of the linguistics of the Rules of Pro­ concluding 31 October 1998. Following his election, cedure should be modified until after any proposals on Prof. Pope thanked his fellow Delegates for their sup­ the restructuring of ICES had been adopted. port. The Delegate of Germany agreed that it would be more Agenda Item 3 RULES OF PROCEDURE: RE­ efficient to deal with matters at a later date when the VISIONS TO REFLECT outcome of the Bureau Working Group had been de­ CHANGES IN ICES NOMEN­ cided. CLATURE The President proposed, and Delegates agreed, that the The General Secretary referred to Doc. C.M. modifications as submitted in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:19 1995/Del: 19, and recalled that changes or deletions be adopted. were made to three of the Rules of Procedure: Rule 20(vii) referring to the Auditing of the Council's Ac­ Agenda Item 4 CO-OPERATION WITH counts, Rule 26 referring to the Advisory Committees, OTHER INTERNATIONAL and Rule 36(iii) referring to the mandatory submission ORGANISATIONS: WORKING of reports on activities from Subject/ Area Committees. RELATIONSHIPS AND FIN­ However, before printing the revised Rules of Proce­ ANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS dure as adopted by the Council in 1994, he wished to attend to some matters of changes in nomenclature [Delegates agreed that Agenda Item 4, with presentation which, in most cases, had already been approved by the and discussion of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:3 and Doc. Council in other contexts. As these changes were not C.M. 1995/Del:20, be considered together with the fi­ matters of substance, the Bureau had considered it un­ nancial matters of Agenda Item 17.4. A summary of the necessary to give Contracting Parties specific notifica­ presentations and discussions relating to the above tion within the terms of Rule 16 governing changes in documents is included under Agenda Item 17.4] Rules of Procedure. Agenda Item 5 MEMORANDUM OF UNDER­ The first text change was related to the Council's pre­ STANDING BETWEEN OS­ mier publication which had its name changed in 1991 PARCOM AND ICES from Journal du Conseil to the ICES Journal of Marine Science, with Journal du Conseil now appearing on the The President drew attention to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:9 cover of the ICES Journal as a sub-title. The second which described the background to the proposed MoU text change referred to the addition of "telefax" to (MoU) between the Oslo and Paris Commissions "mail" and "cable" in Rule 6 as means of voting by (OSPARCOM) and ICES and also provided the final­ Contracting Parties in cases of emergency between ised text of the MoU itself. Some minor modifications Council Meetings. The Bureau considered that unless of the text had been made by OSPARCOM, mainly to one was notified by Delegates that telefax is legally un­ better reflect its changed Convention. The text of the acceptable for such purposes the insertion of "telefax" proposed MoU had been endorsed by the Joint Meeting would stand. To save further debate on the matter of of the Commissions in June 1995. The Bureau firmly use of telefax, he requested that any Member Countries proposed that the Council adopt the MoU as submitted who found this means of communication unacceptable to in Doc. CM. 1995/Del:9. Given that the MoU received make it clear in writing. endorsement by Delegates, it was proposed that the Chairman of OSPARCOM, Mr Svante Bodin, be in­ The President considered that the changes were straight vited to immediately join the session to sign the MoU forward. He invited any comment before requesting together with himself. Delegates approval of the modifications. The General Secretary, at the invitation of the Presi­ The Delegate of Germany referred to Rule 26 govern­ dent, stated that he viewed the MoU as forming the ba­ ing the Advisory Committees, indicating his uncertainty sis for a most useful and equitable arrangement for co­ linguistically as to the word "related" in point (iii). operation between ICES and OSPARCOM. It would Using "related" in the context of the sentence appeared ensure that ICES received an appropriate financial con-

24 tribution from OSPARCOM in return for the provision provide a vital means for achieving successful results in of scientific information, advice, and services as out­ the future. In conclusion, he wished ICES every success lined in Annexes 1 and 2 of the MoU. He hoped that the in its own important work; it would also benefit both model used in setting up the MoU would provide the organisation in their future tasks. basis for future Memoranda of Understanding for ICES to develop and sign with other "client" commissions. The President then thanked the Chairman of OSPAR­ COM for his kind words and for expressing very ap­ On the President's request for Delegates to provide propriate points of view. comment and input, the Delegate of Spain indicated his strong support for the Mo U as submitted and proposed [Delegates then applauded the President and the Chair­ that the Council adopt the document for signature by the man of the Oslo and Paris Commissions as the MoU President and the Chairman of OSPARCOM. He also was signed. The MoU is included as Annex I to the Re­ advocated using the model of the MoU for future docu­ port of the Delegates Meeting] ments involving ICES and "client" commissions. Agenda Item 6 MEMORANDUM OF UNDER­ The Delegate of Iceland seconded the proposal made STANDING BETWEEN FAO by the Delegate of Spain. AND ICES

[Mr Svante Bodin, Chairman of OSPARCOM, was in­ The General Secretary introduced Doc. C.M. vited into the Delegates Meeting to address the Council 1995/Del: 10 which provided a summary of some of the and sign the MoU] events leading up to the development of the proposed MoU between the UN's Food and Agricultural Organi­ The President welcomed Mr Svante Bodin, Chairman zation (PAO) and ICES as well as the draft text of the of the Oslo and Paris Commissions, and expressed his MoU itself. He pointed out that although there had been appreciation of the important role that Mr Bodin had a long-standing and very constructive collaboration be­ played in developing the MoU and in bringing it to a tween FAO (primarily through its Fisheries Division) successful conclusion. and ICES, a formal MoU was lacking. The model used for the draft MoU between ICES and PAO was largely The Chairman of OSPARC OM thanked the President, based on that signed between ICES and IOC in 1983 the General Secretary and Delegates for inviting him to and formed the basis for Memoranda of Understanding join them for the official signing ceremony. The desti­ between ICES and co-operating international organisa­ nies of ICES and the Commissions had been linked for tions which did not have a clear "client" relationship, a long time and so the signing of the MoU did not sig­ i.e. did not request ICES to carry out an annual work nify them entering a totally new era but a further devel­ programme involving scientific information, advice and opment of a mature relationship which would become services. The MoU as submitted in Doc. C.M. even more important in the future. The impact of the 1995/Del: 10 would formally cement the relationship environmental load of pollution on natural resources had between ICES and PAO, and would better allow both long been the impetus for a continued effort to combat, organisations to make financial provisions for mutually reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of pollution. agreed projects. Various annexes, detailing specific One was now in a situation where the over-exploitation topics or projects for prioritised co-operation may of natural resources, in some areas, represented an eventually be developed. This would allow each organi­ equally important threat and this coupled with pollution sation to rest assured that the proposed co-operation could give rise to a vicious circle. ICES and the Com­ would be satisfactorily bound within the constraints of missions were embarking on a course to combat these legitimate budgetary considerations. Currently, how­ major problems. One was in a period of limited eco­ ever, no specific topics or projects for collaboration had nomic circumstances, and resources were not increasing been firmly identified at an institutional level. The main as in the 1970s and 1980s, thus influencing today's body of the MoU covered matters such as: consultation work programmes. It was increasingly necessary to pri­ and collaboration in general terms, exchanging of oritise and become more effective, and the Commis­ documents and reports, representation at each others sions had to be more cautious regarding how to spend meetings to the extent that this was possible within the their time and resources. ICES was also in a process of working procedures of the respective organisations, un­ reviewing its structure and priorities for the future. The dertake (as appropriate) joint activities, working to fur­ MoU between the two organisations formed a frame­ ther develop collaboration, and procedures for bringing work for meeting expectations and demands into the the MoU into force and for agreeing any objectives. 21st century. For the Commissions, the adoption of the Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme at the The President noted that although he had been instru­ 1995 Annual Meeting was a milestone, and work to­ mental in facilitating the production of the draft MoU, wards the 2000 Quality Status Report had just started, he was indebted to Mr David de G. Griffith (the former with substantial amounts of work needing to be done. President of ICES) for initiating the process, the Gen­ The MoU between the Commissions and ICES would eral Secretary and colleagues in PAO for their impor-

25 tant contributions to developing the MoU. The Bureau Agenda Item 7 CRITERIA GOVERNING AC­ had discussed collaboration with FAO at its 1995 Mid­ CEPTANCE FOR COUNCIL Term Meeting, and expressed its satisfaction with the MEMBERSIDP AND SCIEN­ draft text at its meeting on 20 September 1995. On the TIFIC OBSERVER STATUS basis of this, he invited Delegates to provide input and comment for finalisation of the MoU. The President drew Delegates attention to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 11 which outlined the criteria governing ac­ The Delegate of Finland considered the MoU as an ceptance for Council membership and Scientific Ob­ important element in further developing the already server status, and C.M. 1995/Del: 12 which summarised positive relationship with FAO. However, as an ob­ the background to the application by Greece, in the server at FAO's EIFAC he drew attention to the point form of the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, for numbered 1 of the draft MoU where it was not clear Scientific Observer status. He recollected that Dele­ how collaboration with FAO in the context of EIFAC, gates, at the 1994 Annual Science Conference, had which was freshwater and brackish-water orientated, positively regarded the approach by the Institute of Ma­ would be brought into effect. At the last EIFAC Meet­ rine Biology of Crete for Scientific Observer status. ing in Rome, it had been emphasised that EIFAC had However, Delegates had requested that, in the absence common interests with ICES in terms of anadromous of appropriate guidelines, the Bureau develop general and catadromous fish species, and estuaries and lagoons criteria for granting scientific observership. He then - this particularly applied to the Baltic area. He hoped briefly outlined Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:11 which com­ that further collaboration with regard to EIFAC might prised two main sections, the first being a Preamble and be made more tangible within a slightly revised Point 1 the second applying specifically to Scientific Observers of the draft MoU. Status - the first section included: a) Background leading to the preparation of the docu­ The President agreed with the Delegate of Finland and ment; Application for membership referring to the requested that the General Secretary bring this matter to ICES Convention, the Council's geographical, the the attention of F AO in providing a slightly modified views of the Bureau Working Group on Strategic text to Point 1 of the MoU. Planning for Scientific Cooperation and Advice (C.M. 1993/Gen:6) regarding whether ICES should The Delegate of Iceland considered that the proposed expand its catchment-area of members; MoU was essentially a formalisation of an already exist­ b) Application for Scientific Observer status, including ing practice. Nevertheless, he fully supported the initia­ an expression of the view that ICES had a duty to tive for formalising the relationship, and proposed that promote science and disseminate knowledge and that the Council approve the draft MoU between ICES and the scope of scientific observership should be less FAO as submitted but that the comments of the Dele­ restrictively applied than that for membership sensu gate of Finland should also be taken into account. stricto, particularly as ICES had already accepted Australia (CSIRO) and South Africa (Sea Fisheries The Delegate of Spain seconded the proposal by the Research Institute) as Scientific Observers in 1991 Delegate of Iceland. He urged the President and the and 1992 respectively, but that multiple observership General Secretary to take the necessary steps for finalis­ from any one country should be avoided to reduce ing the MoU and its signing as soon as possible. The administrative difficulties and uncertainty as to who MoU would benefit both FAQ and ICES, particularly actually represented a country or its particular within the context of Third World Development that had authorities; been agreed at the 1994 Annual Science Conference. It c) Privileges and obligations associated with Scientific was anticipated that FAO would play a major role in Observer status, clarifying participation in more widely disseminating the results of ICES research Study/Working Groups ( other than Fish Stock As­ and activities (e.g. Study/Working Group reports, Sym­ sessment Working Groups and those having named posia). experts appointed by the Council) with the additional proposal to make the non-written practice explicit In conclusion, the President reflected that the MoU that persons from non-Member Countries might be between ICES and FAQ was a logical further step in a included in the delegations from Member Countries process which had started with the 1993 "Report of the provided that advance consultation occurred with the Bureau Working Group on Strategic Planning for Scien­ General Secretary, the number of persons eligible to tific Cooperation and Advice", led to the visit of the attend the Annual Science Conference, the estab­ High-Level ICES Group (comprising Mr D. de G. Grif­ lishment of an annual contribution to be paid by the fith, himself, and the General Secretary) to FAQ in Scientific Observer to cover administrative costs and Rome in early September 1994, and the adoption by the right to receive given ICES publications. ICES of its commitment to Third World Development through r esearch and training at the 1994 Annual Sci­ The Delegate of Germany considered the document to ence Conference. Steps would be taken to complete and be useful, however, he queried the wisdom of granting sign the MoU as soon as possible in 1996. Scientific Observer status to the first institution which

26 applied from a country. He believed that this would "tie cious, in some cases, for the Council to be able to refer the hands" of the Council and that Scientific Observer an application back to the internal authorities in a coun­ status might be best decided on a case-by-case basis. He try. was also concerned that the "sole correspondent" re­ sponsibility that was referred to in the document might The Delegate of Ireland largely supported the doubts hamper a wider and positive co-operation with ICES expressed by the Delegate of Iceland and the Delegate from the particular country. of Denmark.

The President stated that finding the right degree of The President referred back to the application by the flexibility without imparting too much formality was Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, and emphasised desirable. It was up to the Council to determine how it that it was a case in which the decision ought to be would selec applicants, but one was unlikely to know made by the Council rather than depending on an how many applicants for Scientific Observer status that "external" decision as to what was the competent might emerge from a particular country. If there was authority in the land. There was little doubt that this only one applicant institution, the Bureau and the particular institute and its Director (Prof. A. Eleft­ Council would have to determine whether that institu­ heriou) was one of great repute and would serve ICES tion was really suitable. Otherwise, in the eventuality well. that there were several applicants, it was intended that the Council and the Secretariat be spared the adminis­ The General Secretary noted that although two matters trative difficulties associated with unravelling internal were involved, one that of determining agreed criteria problems in a given country, so long as the general cri­ for granting Scientific Observer status and the other the teria for being granted Scientific Observer status were specific application by the Institute of Marine Biology met. The granting of Scientific Observer status was not of Crete, it was important that the Council agreed on considered to be for a given or limited period only, al­ criteria which would also secure scientific observership though there might be arrangements whereby observer­ for the Institute of Marine Biology. He reminded Dele­ ship could be transferred within a country, but it should gates that clear messages of encouragement regarding be up to ICES to determine its acceptability. scientific observership had been passed on, at the direc­ tion of both the Bureau and the Council, to Prof. Eleft­ The Delegate of Iceland sympathised with the views of heriou on several occasions. the Delegate of Germany. He also viewed it as being very difficult for the Council to choose between various The Delegate of Ireland underlined that the recommen­ institutes. It would be necessary for Delegates to decide dations proffered by a number of Delegates had in­ on the relative advantage of either letting the Council tended to avoid the kind of situation outlined by the decide fully or to draw a line at where the competent General Secretary. He, and to his mind the other Dele­ internal protocols and politics ought to be allowed to gates who had spoken recently, wanted to avoid grant­ decide on their representation. ing scientific observership to the first competent institu­ tion applying from a particular country but which also The President stated that it was frequently difficult to would be unlikely to serve ICES as well as another determine exactly which was the competent authority in competent institution in the same country. The docu­ a country when considering scientific observership. In ment submitted to Delegates suggested that the Council the case of an application for Council membership, the would have to accept the first competent institution ap­ country itself had to make the decision, but scientific plying for scientific observership in a particular coun­ observership was primarily aimed at specific institutions try, whereas he hoped that the Council would reserve with active scientists and not at bureaucracies. In some the right to select from a number of applicants as it countries, some institutions were administratively deemed fit. aligned under the Ministry of Fisheries, some under the Ministry of the Environment, and some under a particu­ The Delegate of Denmark believed that the financial lar Research Council; in such circumstances a decision contribution of DKK 20,000 was acceptable but cau­ on the competent authority was well-nigh impossible, tioned against it being fixed at that level, and thus pro­ and thus one had avoided making reference to the com­ posed that a ·word such as "presently" be inserted be­ petent governmental authority. fore "amounting" on page 4.

The Delegate of Iceland thanked the President for his The Delegate of Norway warned against some national helpful clarification. Nevertheless, he considered that "correspondent" institutions possibly being tempted to there might be a real advantage in not being too defini­ determine exactly who or what other institutions were tive in the text of the document in terms of representa­ the correct ones to be involved in ICES activities. tion. After some further discussion, the President proposed, The Delegate of Denmark sided with the views of the and the Council agreed, that an Ad Hoe Drafting Group Delegate of Iceland. He believed that it might be auspi- comprising Delegates of Finland, Germany, Ireland,

27 and the United Kingdom, provide a revised version of After substantial discussion the Council agreed that, as Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:11 for consideration at the next the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete had not been session of the Delegates Meeting. requested to submit documents or affadavits elaborating on how it met the criteria neccessary for granting Sci­ [The following refers to the discussion after a revised entific Observer status in ICES, the acceptance process version of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:11 had been produced should not be further impeded. and submitted to Delegates] The Council agreed to grant the Institute of Marine Bi­ The Delegate of Germany, who had acted as Chairman ology of Crete Scientific Observer status in ICES on the of the Ad Hoe Drafting Group, presented Doc. C.M. condition that the President and General Secretary were 1995/Del:11 (Revised). He explained th3:t the revised able to ascertain that the criteria outlined in Doc. C.M. document had been condensed but still contained the 1995/Del: 11 (Revised) were satisfactorily met. core elements present in the original document. Chapter 1, forming the necessary background, commenced by The General Secretary was instructed to write to the reiterating the formalities associated with applications Institute of Marine Biology of Crete (Greece), as well for full membership in ICES (i.e. to become a Member as CSIRO (Australia) and the Sea Fisheries Research Country), and indicated that being a Scientific Observer Institute (South Africa) which had been granted Scien­ was a separate process from that of becoming a Mem­ tific Observer status in ICES in 1991 and 1993 respec­ ber Country. Paragraph 1.2 explained why the docu­ tively, to obtain their written agreement to abide by the ment with its contained criteria had been prepared, conditions contained in Doc. C. M. 1995/Del: 11 while paragraphs 1.3-1.5 dealt with the different forms (Revised). of ICES observership and the basis for their establish­ ment. On page 3, Chapter 2 clarified which types of Agenda Item 9 REPORT OF THE AD HOC institution would be eligible for scientific observership, GROUP ON ICES SECRETAR­ underlined ICES right to exercise its prerogative in ac­ IAT DAT ABASES cepting or rejecting applications and noted the condi­ tions under which observership could be terminated. The President indicated that Doc. C.M. 1995/A:6 The remaining chapters of the document had been kept provided the background information to the agenda essentially unchanged but a more logical ordering of item. Although the Consultative Committee had re­ sequence had been undertaken: the order now being viewed the Report of the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secre­ privileges, obligations and procedures. tariat Databases, it was important for Delegates to fa­ miliarise themselves with the content and the recom­ The Ad Hoe Drafting Group submitted the revised mendations of Ad Hoe Group as there would be some document for the Council's consideration. financial implications should Delegates decide to sup­ port the proposals. Databases were obviously of great The President thanked the members of the Ad Hoe significance to the work of ICES, but they required hu­ Drafting Group for their efforts and complimented them man and monetary resources to support them and data­ on having provided a much-improved document. bases tended to proliferate. It was also necessary to de­ fine short- and medium- term policies and priorities for After some further discussion and minor amendments, the maintenance of current databases and for establish­ the Council adopted Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 11 (Revised) ment of future databases. The need to view ICES data­ as providing the criteria governing the acceptance of bases in a more integrated fashion than previously had Scientific Observers in ICES. been proposed, e.g. through using Geographic Informa­ tion Systems (GIS). [Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:11 (Revised), as adopted by the Council, is included as Annex 2 to the Report of the At the invitation of the President, the Chairman of the Delegates Meeting] Consultative Committee provided an overview of Doc. C.M. 1996/A:6 and the Consultative Committees' Agenda Item 8 APPLICATION BY GREECE views on the ICES Secretariat databases as provided in (INSTITUTE OF MARINE BI­ its Mid-Term Report (C.M. 1995/Gen:4). The terms of OLOGY OF CRETE) FOR SCI­ reference of the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat ENTIFIC OBSERVER STATUS Databases had been wide-reaching and demanding, par­ ticularly term e) evaluate the costs and benefits of any The President stated that adoption of the agreed criteria resulting proposals. The Ad Hoe Group had made sub­ governing acceptance of Scientific Observer status in stantial progress with its task but had not been able to ICES in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 11 (Revised) should al­ tackle all terms of reference in equal detail. A review low the Council to consider the application by the Insti­ and listing of current databases had occurred as docu­ tute of Marine Biology of Crete. He firmly proposed mented in Section 3 of the report. It was important to that the application in-hand be accepted by the Council. note that not all databases were exclusively operated by the Secretariat itself but represented wider-reaching

28 collaboration. He drew attention to a number of data­ Hoe Group regarding the establishment of common bases (e.g. ones related to GLOBEC- and fish stock standards; it was a precarious "tight-rope" to proceed assessment work) as being candidates for future estab­ along as one had to balance flexibility and natural evo­ lishment, as well as the benthos database which was lution against rigidity. firmly supported by ACME. In pursuing the question of the databases that might be established, it was proposed The Delegate of Sweden emphasised that the costs that two levels should be addressed: a) the technical could easily get out of hand even at the pilot project feasibility and advantages of being able to combine or stage and urged that strategies and priorities be agreed integrate databases, and b) the use to which a combina­ and kept clearly in mind. tion of databases might be put in serving the goals of ICES; wherever possible the interdisciplinary aspects of There being no further comment, the President pro­ ICES mission had been foremost in the considerations posed, and Delegates agreed, that a) a pilot study be of the Ad Hoe Group. He warned against underestimat­ carried out using a number of database experts made ing the technical difficulties in establishing databases, available from Member Country laboratories where following data-formats and carrying out appropriate their salary would be met at national expense but travel quality assurance procedures. The Ad Hoe Group had and per diem would be covered at Council expense, b) recommended that there should be an evaluation by an having consulted with the General Secretary, a sum of expert/consultant, working together with the ICES Sec­ up to DKK 150,000 be set aside from the excess of in­ retariat, of the various possibilities for creating an inte­ come over expenditure from 1993/1994 to cover the grated multidisciplinary database. It was further rec­ various expenses accrued (the remaining DKK 100,000 ommended that efforts be made to facilitate access to of a sum of DKK 250,000 having already been ear­ and presentation from the database(s) through utilising marked for the ICES Centenary preparations, see the World Wide Web of Internet. The Consultative Agenda Items 15, and 17 .1 for further details). Other Committee believed that it was a policy matter to decide information would be forthcoming in a recommendation on the money that should be used as this was a matter fromthe Consultative Committee. for Delegates. As large sums of money might easily be used, it was proposed that a limited feasibility study be Agenda Item 10 REPORT OF THE BUREAU embarked upon. The Bureau firmly favoured a pilot WORKING GROUP ON THE study being conducted in a given geographical area with STRUCTURE OF ICES specific databases. Accordingly, the Ad Hoe Group had been reconvened at the Annual Science Conference in The President explained that the chairmanship of the order to table a recommendation for a number of data­ Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES base experts from ICES Member Country laboratories (hereafter referred to as the BWG) had originally been to visit ICES Headquarters for a period of up to three entrusted to Dr L.S. Parsons, First Vice-President of weeks by the end of April 1996 with a view to identify­ ICES. However, due to exceptional responsibilities ing what database management system or GIS would be having been placed on Dr Parsons by the Canadian required to integrate specific databases. An estimate authorities in his position as Assistant Deputy Minister would also be made of the operational and cost details of Science in Ottawa, Dr Parsons had indicated he involved, including development of presentational fa­ would be unable to act as Chairman of the BWG. After cilities. Having made a broad review of the field in some discussion and consultation with the General Sec­ Doc. C.M. 1995/A:6, the matter was to be reduced to a retary and Bureau members, Prof. P. Miilkki, member tangible �eries of steps associated with a pilot-scale test of the Bureau and already a member of the BWG, had case. been persuaded to replace Dr Parsons as the Chairman of the BWG. He was deeply indebted to Prof. Miilkki The President expressed his gratitude to the Chairman for taking the responsibility at short notice, among the of the Consultative Committee for chairing the Ad Hoe many other activities that he was engaged in. To ensure Group and in sketching the way forward in the short­ a North American component in the BWG, Dr M.M. term. He encouraged Delegates to comment on the pro­ Sinclair (Delegate of Canada) had been asked to join the posals that had been made. BWG and had accepted. The BWG had met in March and again in early September; the second meeting not The Delegate of Denmark hoped that high priority having been originally scheduled. Hence, the Report of would be given to the quality assurance aspects of inte­ the BWG had only been available for Delegates when grating databases where each individual database inher­ they arrived in Aalborg for the 1995 Annual Science ently had different quality characteristics. Conference. He called on Prof. Miilkki to present the Report of the BWG. The Delegate of Finland queried whether all the rec­ ommendations made by the Ad Hoe Group were within Prof. Malkki referred to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 13, and the financial scope of ICES. He viewed the proposal to acknowledged the hard work and collaboration of the scale matters down to a pilot study as very constructive. members of the BWG, especially that of the Chairman He was rather sceptical to recommendation 6 by the Ad of the Consultative Committee in assembling the report.

29 The BWG had addressed, to a greater or lesser extent, or do is difficult to agree upon. There is a definite need all of its terms of reference except term e) "discuss op­ forthe research committees to devote more time to their tions with representatives of regulatory agencies" . This tasks, a point that is generally lacking with the current was partly due to time constraints and in part due to a arrangements where Subject/Area Committees are given view that term e) should be addressed after the views of an inadequate time-slot at the Annual Science Confer­ the Council had been received. A preliminary report ence to do both business and science. The aim in the had been submitted to and discussed by the Mid-Term future is to revitalise the research committees to lead Meeting of the Bureau in June 1995, and as a result of the way at a higher level. One possible way to achieve the views arising, a considerably modified and im­ this is to reduce the number of scientific committees and proved version had been produced as a result of the allow them to meet outside of the confines of the An­ September meeting of the BWG. nual Science Conference. In the model envisaged, the Consultative Committee would be "slimmer" and act The objectives and work areas of ICES, although being more as an executive committee between the other specified in the 1964 Convention, were examined and committees than it does today - this would give Dele­ elaborated on in the Report of the BWG. The BWG had gates a better chance to deal with true policy issues, and examined the emerging work areas and topics, particu­ end in more delegation of responsibilities to other levels larly being aware of the need for new forms of advice in the organisation. as existing international conventions were revised or new ones came into force. Furthermore, the BWG The BWG considered a wide number of options for re­ noted a number of new research areas arising as marine structuring, ranging on the one hand from eliminating science evolved and it believed that ICES should not science/research committees to creating a committee, on avoid becoming involved in these - a good example was the other hand, to consider emerging issues. After long GLOBEC but there were several others of relevance. and serious discussion, the BWG arrived at the option The various challenges as seen by the BWG were listed with three research committees as proposed on page 7 in Annex 2 of the report. The BWG had further re­ of the report. The BWG did not make any major pro­ viewed the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities posals for changing the Advisory Committees or their facing the ICES science community of about 1500 per­ roles. The research committee on Marine Ecosystem sons. Some inherent contradictions were noted in the Processes was envisaged as dealing with the majority of way things were set up, e.g. to be multi- or inter­ aspects relating to the ecosystem, including marine disciplinary is considered advantageous but is not syn­ methodology and sediment studies - the focus would be onymous with doing things in-depth in a specific field, on structure and functions of ecosystems and population thus a question of balance arises where a scientist needs variability within the overarching global issues such as a firm base in the ICES structure from which to engage climate change. The second research committee on in more wide-reaching co-operative enterprises. A ma­ Marine Management Studies was viewed as dealing jor strength of ICES, as noted by the Danish Minister of comprehensively with both fisheries and other environ­ Agriculture and Fisheries at the General Assembly, is mental issues. The Third research committee on Biodi­ its scientific independence and objectivity. versity and Marine Quality was considered as dealing with a range of issues arising from UNCED related to The BWG was highly concerned that the enormous de­ habitats, biotopes, "rare" species etc.; the Open Lecture mands placed on the advisory machinery of ICES on Ballast Water underlined the need for a greater threatened to move advice and science apart. It was felt awareness of these matters in ICES. The new research that although one had successfully dealt with a number committees should be proactive in strategic planning in of policy issues, e.g. marine mammals, at the level of their fields and maintain a high quality of science by the Bureau and Delegates, consideration should be given peer-review. to how policy related matters might be tackled else­ where in the ICES structure. Within the field of sci­ A review of the various current ICES Study/Working ence, there was a view in the BWG that ICES needs to Groups reveals that the vast majority would be associ­ exert greater leadership in the international regional ated with the research committee on Marine Manage­ programmes and identify a clearer role with regard to ment Studies. The other two research committees would the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea not be so well served by Study /Working Groups. This (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Conference on En­ reflects the situation in ICES where advice needs to be vironment and Development (UNCED). The needs for underpinned by many background studies. However, it change were listed at the bottom of page 5 of the Report would be necessary to review the current of the BWG. The needs for further development in Study/Working Groups, merge some and eliminate ICES were considered to be related to the multi- or in­ some as well as establish some new ones, in order to ter-disciplinary approach and that this would substan­ more fairly allocate groups to better serve the various tially reduce the number of science or research commit­ committees. tees from the current 12. The Bureau was generally in agreement with this view, but one acknowledges that The role of the different levels in ICES was considered deciding on how many and what they should be called and a proposal as to the future is provided on pages 8-9.

30 As the Council is the utmost authority in ICES, it that representation from fishery, environment, and should define the overall strategic course for commit­ oceanography would be forthcoming through support by tees, take initiatives and consider the role of ICES in national funding agencies. It was necessary to consider relation to other organisations and treaties/convent­ how the need for specialist expertise may be procured ions/conferences. A weakness of Council activity and for the purposes of the Consultative Committee and the timetables was that one had to arrive at decisions on the research committees. If the research committees and the basis of comprehensive documentation that often was Consultative Committee had Mid-Term Meetings, only made available a relatively short time before the Delegates should receive Recommendations no later Annual Science Conference - one should consider dele­ than the beginning of September to examine them care­ gation of various matters to the Consultative Committee fully and decide whether national manpower and finan­ or to the research committees, leaving more time for cial support would be forthcoming. important strategic decisions to the Council. Rules of Procedure would require some changes and The BWG did not propose changing the Bureau, Fi- proposals would have to be submitted to Contracting . nance and Publications Committees. The Advisory Parties in accordance with the two-month prior notifi­ Committees need some further attention, particularly cation Rule. Hence in terms of an implementation plan, with a view to improving possibilities of expertise in the a decision on what proposal may be sent to Contracting membership for dealing with various topics. It is Parties would have to be made at the 1996 Mid-Term probably time to consider having a Vice-Chairmen in Bureau Meeting. Time would have to be set aside at the the Advisory Committees to spread the load and im­ 1996 Annual Science Conference for the necessary prove working conditions. business to bring about elections,. appointments etc. to put the new structure on its feet. The research committees would devote more time to business than the current committees do, allow better Although the BWG were unanimous in their view that peer-review of and give better direction to the new style Annual Science Conference has been Study/Working Groups reporting to them. This would highly successful in attracting participants, there was lead to a greater appreciation of the value of the com­ some uncertainty as to whether science and . business mittees and the elements around them. Although some should be separated, i.e. the Annual Science Conference Working Groups may be seen as indispensable, the should be science without business sessions in the terms of reference and the need for particular groups committees. Delegates would note that the 1995 Mid­ should be critically evaluated on a regular basis, e.g. at Term Report of the Consultative Committee had greatly least every five years. An example of a Working Group contributed to the Report of the BWG in identifying which actually tends to act as a committee is the Marine worthy topics for ICES activities. Chemistry Working Group. Finally, the emerging economic and sociological disci­ The new Consultative Committee would act as a Pro­ plines were considered. These were viewed as being gramme Planning and Co-ordinating Committee. It is worth attracting to ICES but it was accepted that they envisaged that certain powers, with obligations, would would need time and direction to establish satisfactorily. be moved from Delegates to the Consultative Commit­ The most appropriate place to position these would be tee - arranging and timing of meetings, planning of the the research committee on Marine Management Studies. Annual Science Conference, determining Study/Working Group matters. The Consultative Prof. Malkki thanked the President and Delegates for Committee would be tasked with liaising between re­ their attention during his presentation. As Doc. C.M. search and Advisory Committees, and liaise with the 1995/Del:13 was important and as it had not been made Council on strategic planning. The BWG believed that it available until recently, he hoped that his somewhat is vital that strategic planning on the future of ICES extensive presentation would not be considered exces­ should be integrated: between Delegates and the com­ sive. mittees. How priorities for future work should be es­ tablished is considered on pages 9-11. About 50: 50 The President thanked Prof. Malkki for his detailed should be partitioned between research and advisory account of the Report of the BWG. He welcomed the functions. views of Delegates on this matter.

There were some practical implications regarding the The Delegate of the Netherlands congratulated Prof. functioning of the research committees. Should one re­ Malkki for his comprehensive review of the current and strict the membership or let it be up to the individual possible future structures of ICES and viewed the pro­ Member Country to determine what resources needed to posals positively. Some of the details regarding who be mobilised to meet requirements? An option that met reviewed what and at what levels needed to be clarified, with support by the BWG was having a minimum of i.e. evaluation of chemical and physical estimates and three appointed members from each country to ensure the single discipline sciences.

31 The Delegate of Ireland considered the document and Subject/Area Committees were relatively modest, as its presentation to be excellent. The document provided little intersessional work was done outside of the Annual a valuable contribution to a process of evaluation of Science Conference with the exception of Programme ICES structure that had been initiated under the presi­ Planning and preparing Recommendations. Currently dency of Mr Jakob Jakobsson, continued during his own the Professional Secretaries time was fully engaged, and (Mr D. de G. Griffith's) presidency, and brought a two of them found it difficult to meet their internal positive and logical step forward under the current ICES duties in addition to looking after the Advisory President. He considered the reduction in the number of Committees. Although he firmly supported the initiative research committees as worthwhile and the scope of to revitalise the committees to ensure the future viability these committees as being well thought out. At this of ICES, it was clear that the three proposed research time, he believed it was correct to start w�th restructur­ committees were likely to conduct very much more ing the science committees; this would then influence work and thus need more services than the current 12 other changes in ICES. The timetable of events in the Subject/Area Committees. implementation process was useful and reminded that it would eventually be necessary to act. He raised the The Delegate of the United Kingdom urged that one question of cost implications associated with the three should consider very carefully why one was changing. research committees meeting intersessionally, would It was important to recognise that the current Sub­ this be at national or at Council expense? He urged that ject/Area Committees did not work as well as one some simple calculations be made to examine the vari­ would like and that the reason for this was that they did ous costs, including implications for Secretariat support. not have enough time to conduct their tasks satisfacto­ It was necessary to encourage some open and wider rily. They were able to propose the establishment of discussion on the Report of the BWG within ICES: he new Study/Working Groups but they were not able to particularly appreciated the line on page 10 of the report devote the time to satisfactorily reviewing the reports "make presentation at Conference and solicit feedback and progress of groups reporting to them. At a session from rank and file" . He recollected difficulties faced by of the Statistics Committee, of which he was a member, a previous Bureau nearly 20 years ago when changes at this Annual Science Conference there were only five were attempted in good faith but were vanquished by members present (two were the Chairman and the Rap­ not realising the importance of the democratic process porteur) out of a total potential attendance of 38. The involving critique within the ICES community. Statistics Committee was an active one despite few members being present. Currently a large number of Prof. Miilkki recognised the cost implications as com­ Member Countries found it difficult to ensure that their prising two components: costs for Member Countries full quota of 24 Subject/Area Committee members were and costs for ICES as an organisation. If the work of sent to an Annual Science Conference. An option in the the science committees was substantial then it would new proposals would result in 9 members in total for require that they meet outside of the confines of theAn­ each Member Country spread over three research nual Science Conference. Member Countries would be committees. The overall advantages for Member Coun­ expected to cover costs of the members at national ex­ tries appeared clear. pense. There would be some savings in having the committees meet just prior to the Annual Science Con­ The Delegate of Germany wished to have further ference as members would be encouraged to attend both clarification about the number of levels involved in the meetings. On the other hand, arranging the meeting of new structure proposals. He was concerned that the new the science committees some time earlier would allow proposals would hinder able people from recruiting up­ for their reports to be examined in good time before wards and through the system. It was currently possible decisions were made at a higher level. Although the for younger and able scientists to be elected by their anticipated costs to Member Countries may be greater colleagues to the highest positions. How would ICES in terms of number of meeting days for each member, ensure that it remained alive and open to influence from there would be fewer national members than currently the "grass roots"? due to there being fewer committees. Study/Working Groups would have to be carefully reviewed and there When invited by the President to reply, Prof. Malkki might be fewer groups in total than now. He did not stated that the Delegate of Germany had underlined a view national cost implications as being great. The costs matter of great importance that had to be faced when involving the ICES Secretariat were less clear for him setting up the proposed new structure. He knew from at this stage. experience that it was vital to have a scientific debate and challenge in the committees as well as in The General Secretary believed that there would be Study/Working Groups, irrespective of the administra­ substantial financial and human resource implications tive or business responsibilities given to committees. He for the ICES Secretariat associated with the proposed hoped that rotation would take place in the committees restructuring of committees. Currently the demands this might be arranged by having a pool of people to placed on the Professional Secretaries in serving the 12 choose from in each Member Country.

32 The Delegate of Canada, who was also a member of He hoped that some attention could be given to the rela­ the BWG, recollected that the BWG had discussed the tionship between the new committees and issue of representation and expertise at length. He em­ Study/Working Groups. Another concern was the role phasised the value of having Study/Working Group of Delegates (i.e. the Council) and the higher levels of Chairmen or their designates attend meetings of the new the new structure; what would be the relationship be­ Consultative Committee either as experts or as ex officio tween policy making and management. It was necessary members in a similar manner currently employed in to carefully debate and define the respective roles of ACFM and ACME. This would provide some possibili­ Delegates, the Bureau and the Consultative Committee ties for persons to gain experience in the management in the executive aspects of ICES. He welcomed keeping side of matters from the Study/Working Group levels. a policy making role for Delegates as a Senate or Board of Trustees, while at the same time improving manage­ The Delegate of Iceland commended the BWG on ment efficiency at the level of the Bureau and the Con­ having done a good job and producing a stimulating sultative Committee or a combination of the two. The report. He noted that the BWG was being very daring BWG might give this further thought. by terminating the Hydrography Committee which had existed since ICES was established. The BWG had pro­ The Delegate of Norway wished to return to the ques­ posed three science/research committees but had not tion of how one envisaged the Annual Science Confer­ provided any details as to the possible role of these ence developing in the future, as raised by the Delegate committees at the Annual Science Conference. Would of Iceland. He was worried that a perceived loss of sci­ one envisage these committees running some of the sci­ entific "homes" for a number of people who had tradi­ ence sessions at the Annual Science Conference or tionally attended the Annual Science Conference for would all sessions be Theme Sessions? stimulation by like minds may drive people in search of another "home" outside ICES. The Delegate of the Prof. Miilkki replied that he believed the changes United Kingdom had referred, earlier in the debate, to a would strengthen the Annual Science Conference in the situation in the Statistics Committee which was very way that the interdisciplinary approach had been seen as different from that in the Fish Capture Committee that beneficial in attracting many new people to ICES. The he himself regularly attended. The Fish Capture Annual Science Conference was likely to be defined Committee sessions were well attended by members and more thematically in the future, but it remained to be other participants, and there were a range of very tan­ seen to what extent this should be approached inside or gible activities on behalf of ICES. It was vital to guar­ outside the committees. This aspect would be open to antee some continued activity of the individual disci­ modification and improvement on the basis of experi­ plines as noted on page 12 of the report. The Annual ence. Science Conference had developed very positively re­ cently and he warned against "throwing the baby out The Chairman of the Consultative Committee under­ with the bathwater" as far as the individual disciplines lined that it was not the intention to irradiate the indi­ were concerned. Young scientists frequently recruited vidual disciplines from ICES. It was necessary to avoid to ICES at the Annual Science Conference and the sci­ equating the new committees with the concept of entific "home" was a step-ladder to greater things. "homes" for particular disciplines as provided by the current Subject/ Area Committees. The research com­ Prof. Miilkki, at the invitation of the President, replied mittees should have the function of bringing disciplines to the Delegate of the United States that he viewed together to produce interdisciplinary output. This would Study/Working Groups as the foundation of ICES. As be advantageous for the information and advice pro­ he had emphasised earlier, the importance of vided by ICES to its "client" commissions. It was im­ Study /Working Groups would be further cemented in portant that the Annual Science Conference was organ­ the new structure as their work would gain more ap­ ised to ensure that "homes" would still be available for preciation from "parents" who would devote more time the key disciplines. It should be possible to have a blend to review and critique of their reports. He felt that the of the benefits of the old as well as cross-fertilisation future lay in making the Study/Working Groups more for further development, but it would require careful challenging and attractive to university scientists in ad­ planning and a sympathetic understanding of those who dition to scientists from government laboratories. With attended the Annual Science Conference on a more regard to policy making and management, he viewed traditional basis. policy as being the chief prerogative of the Council, while he personally favoured greater delegation for The Delegate of the United States commended the management to other levels. This would, in time, more BWG on having produced an excellent document and in clearly separate the two functions within ICES. Finally, proposing several major steps for the future rather than he wished to pose a question himself: the Report of the being unduly influenced by history. Relatively little at­ BWG should be circulated as soon as possible at this tention had, however, been devoted to the Annual Science Conference, and thus he wanted to Study/Working Groups and he was anxious in case the know whether Delegates could agree to this document, status of such groups had been somewhat downgraded. which had been designated as being for Delegates only,

33 could be further distributed within Member Country disciplines or topics in the new committees; these would delegations? probably be best addressed through small specialist groups, e.g. Study/Working Groups, as the committees The President proposed, and Delegates agreed, that would probably be too large forums for the purpose. additional copies of the Report of the BWG be made Most speakers generally were appreciative of the spirit generally available to members of national delegations of change, believing that one was on the right general for the purpose of wider debate and feed-back. He con­ course but urging that some proposals needed to be firmed that it was also intended to present and discuss further thought out; key persons in this debate with the Report of the BWG at Theme Session U. This major experience of ICES organisation were Dr E.D. would allow further input to be made before the matter Anderson, Dr F.M. Serchuck and Dr J. Rice, emphasis­ of the restructuring of ICES was concluded in the Dele­ ing that greater attention should be devoted to explain­ gates Meeting. ing the motivation for the changes being proposed. The time schedule for implementing the changes was consid­ [The discussion of this Agenda Item was adjourned ered to be rather optimistic, and that matters ought not during the first session of the Delegates Meeting on to be rushed unduly; it was vital to secure a real under­ Thursday 21 September and returned to again on standing in the ICES community of the issues ad­ Wednesday27 September. The following summary refers dressed. There was some scepticism regarding whether to the discussion on 27 September, after Theme Session establishing new committees would alone solve the need U had allowed participants at the I 995 Annual Science for more focused scientific leadership; they would not Conference to comment on the Report of the Bureau necessarily be able to create activities in ICES where Working Group on the Structure of ICESJ activities had previously been lacking. The comments received in Theme Session U could be categorised as: a) The President called on the Delegate of Ireland, who wholly supportive, b) those generally opposed to had acted as Rapporteur at Theme Session U to present change, and c) those who were generally supportive of a short summary of the session with regard to the views the spirit of change, but had some major reservations that had been expressed from the floor on the Report of about some of the proposals or the consequences of the BWG. various omissions or uncertainties. Finally, the question put to the participants at Theme Session U as to whether The Delegate of Ireland reported that 10 persons had they were generally supportive of the recent changes in made statements from the floor in Theme Session U the organisation of the Council Meeting (i.e. new style regarding the Report of the BWG and that these repre­ Annual Science Conference) provided an unanimously sented views from firm support, some even suggesting positive response. that proposed changes did not go far enough, to those arguing for maintenance of the current structure. Mr The President considered that Theme Session U had Odd Nakken of Norway had, for example, indicated reiterated a general feeling of satisfaction in terms of that the proposals ought to have been more radical and recent evolution in ICES. He felt confident that the supported the recommendations made by the Chairmen Council should continue along the avenue of change but of ACFM and ACME at the session that the advisory that great attention should be devoted towards limiting procedures also needed improvement. Prof. Niels Daan the likelihood for harming elements that already func­ also spoke favourably for marked changes, and queried tioned well. The debate had underlined that the advisory whether there was any real need for the standing function of ICES needed to be brought into further con­ committees at the Annual Science Conference, believing sideration, and more thought ought to be given whether that most work should be conducted intersessionally. A the Annual Science Conference should primarily be de­ number of newcomers to ICES appeared to view the voted to science or to both science and business. Annual Science Conference very positively and identi­ fied strongly with the current system of Subject/ Area At the invitation of the President, Prof. Malkki pro­ Committees as a "training ground" for learning more vided a summary of his presentation to the Consultative about ICES and certain aspects of its business; one per­ Committee and the comments that had arisen. The Con­ son from Belgium considered that the new structure sultative Committee generally reflected those expressed would result in a firm swing towards cementing the at Theme Session U. In general, a fairly cautious ap­ position of senior scientists at the cost of younger ones. proach was advocated. A too big reduction in the num­ Dr Axel Temming of Germany, an active but relatively ber of committees to exactly three from 12 was queried. young recruit to ICES, pointed out that reducing the Concern was expressed about the possible loss of dis­ scientific/research committees to three would drastically ciplines looked after by committees such as the Fish limit the number of people involved in the decision Capture Committee, and that it was important to give making process and that this would be to greatly reduce attention to how scientific homes should be maintained. the possibility for younger persons to make an impact in There were also some very firm and clear statements ICES. He had heard many similar concerns expressed that the committees really did not function well in terms in corridor discussions. Otherwise, it had been pointed of scientific leadership and the system of "members"; out that it might be difficult to include new or emerging currently committees were as much driven by the stan-

34 dard participants as by "members". A strong plea to of Theme/Joint Sessions from committee business to a Delegates was also made regarding the Study/Working greater degree at the Annual Science Conference, and Groups; membership was often too ad hoe and greater advocated providing greater guidance to committee attention needed to be given to getting the best represen­ members on how they might improve the efficiency of tation and associated funding at the national level. Al­ committees. The status and viability of Study/Working though the Annual Science Conference had improved Groups required continuous evaluation. The quality of greatly there was still room for improvement, particu­ ICES advice was highly dependent on the quality of larly regarding advance documentation, having better ICES science, thus the two activities had to be carefully papers presented, and encouraging publication of more inter-linked and not allowed to drift apart. papers from the Conference in the ICES Journal of Marine Science. There was a general view that business The Delegate of Norway supported the general thrust of and science ought to be separated to a greater extent at the recommendations of the BWG and commended the the Annual Science Conference. A lot of work needed BWG's Chairman for the careful manner in which he to be done to establish a successful committee on Biodi­ had approached dealing with matters that were inher­ versity and related matters, as few papers presented at ently charged with sensitivities. The various comments this year's Annual Science Conference were immedi­ on the report needed to be considered and addressed. ately relevant to its aims. Chairmen of the new commit­ Nevertheless, he considered that there was a substantial tees should be given greater decision making powers. In majority of Delegates and ICES scientists in favour of any new changes, it was argued that regular and objec­ reducing the number of committees to provide greater tive evaluation should be established at all levels, in­ interdisciplinary leadership in the future. If anything, he cluding the Study/Working Groups. Concern was ex­ was in favour of reducing the committees to two as pro­ pressed that good scientists in given fields of science posed by Mr Odd Nakken rather than adding to the were not attracted or motivated to join ICES. three suggested by the BWG. The Bureau should be left to work out the details of the way forward, taking into In addition to comments from the Consultative Commit­ account the relevant discussion that had occurred. Nei­ tee, he had received some written comments and ques­ ther the BWG nor Delegates had yet seriously consid­ tions from Delegates - attenticm would only be drawn to ered the question of whether the ICES Secretariat had those not referred to in Theme Session U. Firstly, it the necessary human and financial resources to service would be necessary to thoroughly review the current the needs of the new committees and otherwise imple­ Study/Working Groups with a view to their reallocation ment the proposed new structure. He firmly recom­ to given research committees and the advisory commit­ mended that one carefully reviewed the work, staffing tees - some new ones needed to be established, some and internal organisation of the ICES Secretariat with a would be disbanded, and others merged. Thus one view to safeguarding the full success of the changes in needed to further define the committees and focus the ICES structure. The structure and organisation of the Study/Working Groups; questions of possible overlap ICES Secretariat should be included in the terms of ref­ needed to be considered. A view was expressed that the erence of the further work of the BWG. so-called Agenda 21 items of UNCED had not been given sufficient attention in Annex 2 of the Report of The Delegate of Belgium was concerned that the new the BWG. How would regional considerations be research committees would be too large and thus un­ brought into focus in the research committees and the wieldy - sub-committees would be formed and would Study/Working Groups in the organisational sense? probably soon increase organisational complexity. The Where did monitoring, experimental, or methodological Chairmen of the new committees would be expected to studies fit into the organisational model being sketched? devote such a large amount of their time to their duties, Very strong expressions were made on the independ­ the same way that the Advisory Committee Chairmen ence of ICES to ensure that advice could be provided currently did. He firmly favoured the interdisciplinary and accepted in a truly international context. Concerns approach but recommended that the proposed changes were expressed on finding the right balance between be fully thought out before implementation. ICES was committee size and representation - how should the best already a good organisation and generally functioned expertise be ensured while not making the size un­ well, and thus one had to be highly selective in order to wieldy? Big committees were more likely to sprout sub­ avoid damaging the good features. committees and so increase the number of organisa­ tional levels in the system. The Delegate of Poland supported the sentiments ex­ pressed by the Delegates of Germany, Norway, and The Delegate of Germany stated that the views high­ Belgium. Unfortunately, the unscheduled but necessary lighted by Dr Axel Temming in Theme Session U were September 1995 meeting of the BWG had resulted in typical of those arising from the German ICES Commit­ insufficient time for scientists and administrators in his tee. He was concerned that Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 13 country to review the merits of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 13 might instigate a revolution or a crisis rather than an carefully. Likewise, he was worried that such momen­ evolution. He supported a process of reforming commit­ tum would be established that the timetable for 1996 tees rather than disbanding committees, the separation would again leave little time for Delegates to provide

35 appropriate input before the next report was submitted Hence it was vital to agree on how one received the best for implementation at the 1996 Annual Science Confer­ value for money in ICES. However, in order to fully ence in Iceland. The presentation and discussion of the develop ICES it was necessary to involve greater par­ Report of the BWG at Theme Session U had been rather ticipation of university scientists in its work, but it was short and superficial. The proposed new structure of extremely difficult for them to be financed for ICES was revolutionary rather than evolutionary; new Study/Working Group meetings although a number pri­ committees with new tasks and working procedures oritised the Annual Science Conference because they were proposed. He shared the concerns of the majority would produce a scientific paper which might eventually of speakers at Theme Session U, and was uncertain as be submitted for publication. In order to attract more to whether the new system would make it more difficult university scientists to ICES, it was necessary to con­ for some countries to achieve appropriate i;-epresentation sider how ICES related work in Study/Working Groups in ICES affairs. The Advisory Committees were a ma­ might lead to publication in refereed scientific journals. jor element in the structure of ICES but they had been largely omitted in the work of the BWG. ACME and The Delegate of Denmark welcomed the new proposals ACFM needed to be reviewed in the context of ICES as they were a positive contribution towards ICES de­ meeting current and future challenges as their Chairmen veloping its sense of direction. In order to be successful had proposed at Theme Session U. The Annual Science it was necessary to analyse the functioning of ICES as a Conference was a major part of the ICES annual whole, i.e. the organisational structure, the Secretariat agenda, yet little thought had been devoted to how its function and organisation, and the way in which the success would be influenced by the proposed changes. national aspects were structured and functioned. The Thus, Poland was not yet in a position to critically as­ BWG still had some substantial work to do before it sess the merits of the proposals being made. completed its task. Nevertheless, he agreed with the Delegate of Norway who believed that one was on the The Delegate of Latvia reserved his country's evalua­ right track and that one should continue with the process tion of the Report of the BWG on the same grounds as of restructuring. those of Poland. He urged that the Subject/Area Committees be given sufficient time to debate the Re­ The Danish Delegates had submitted a paper, with the port of the BWG. Baltic research and advice were very approval of the President, for the consideration of the important aspects of ICES' relation with the Baltic Sea Council. First, the Danish Delegates supported the re­ countries. Latvia and another Baltic country had re­ duction in the number of committees as proposed. Sec­ cently become Member Countries of ICES because of ond, the importance of the Consultative Committee as a the importance of science and advice, but he was now co-ordinating committee between the scientific commit­ very concerned in case the proposed changes to ICES tees and the advisory committees needed to be stressed. structure adversely affect the relevance of the Baltic Third, as the Delegate of Norway had emphasised, it area in the work of ICES. He urged that sufficient op­ was necessary to consider the functioning of the Secre­ portunity be given to critique of the proposals for re­ tariat as an optimally efficient service structure for the structuring. success of the new system. Fourth, greater co­ ordination between ACFM and ACME was necessary The Delegate of Finland stated that the Finnish delega­ and it was necessary to be more proactive at the na­ tion believed that ICES ought to move forwards as soon tional level to take account of the expertise existing in as possible without demolishing the good elements of environmental sciences and bring the expertise into ICES. Whatever changes were brought in, it was vital ICES work. Fifth, the issue of improved co-ordination to maintain both regional and holistic approaches. With between ACME and ACFM was complex, but it was regard to ACME's need for additional expertise as un­ necessary to bring the two Advisory Committees closer derlined by its Chairman in Theme Session U, there together; Denmark was in favour of establishing a joint was a real danger that utilisation of national experts committee or at least in unifying the advice that ema­ outside the Advisory Committees might jeopardise the nated. It was necessary to be aware that it was ICES objectivity and independence of the advisory system. who gave the advice and not the individual Advisory Thus, he was also rather sceptical to the proposal that Committees, and hence improved Secretariat participa­ ACFM should work through sub-groups. There was a tion in integration was important. In conclusion, Den­ clear need to provide specialist expertise for ACME in mark proposed that ICES adopt the recommendation of particular, but great thought needed to be given to how the BWG regarding the number and structure of the this was to be achieved. He welcomed the restructuring committees, that a revised Secretariat function between exercise also from the point of view of national ex­ ACFM and ACME be established, and that advice be penses, as one would be able to focus on priorities and offered as ICES advice and not fishery or environmental carefully determine the number of groups in existence; advice. currently the number of groups had proliferated sub­ stantially. The annual national contribution to ICES was The Delegate of the United States commended Prof. a relatively minor cost compared with the travel and per Malkki for serving ICES as Chairman of the BWG and diem costs of sending representatives to ICES meetings. in acting as the group's representative in the demanding

36 dialogue which was taking place. ICES was a successful be able to have progressively responsible positions. The and healthy organisation but he was in no doubt that a needs of empowerment had to be resolvable even with a change in ICES structure was called for as some serious significant reduction in the number of organisational issues had to be attended to. The Subject/Area Commit­ levels. tees existed in name only, being active almost exclu­ sively for the Annual Science Conference with regard to More instructions should be provided for input of views scientific sessions; currently there were various Conve­ from the bottom levels of theICES system. Although he ners of special topic discussion groups or Theme Ses­ believed that the changes that had occurred over recent sions, and varying success was apparent. The increased years were supported by the ICES community, it was topicality of the Annual Science Conference had been necessary to formalise the process of critique in a wider warmly welcomed but a number of sessions were still context. He advocated tasking the current Subject/ Area far from successful. ICES was still not doing enough to Committees with identifying a prioritised list of the attract the best young scientists to it and this needed matters that needed to be resolved for their satisfaction further attention by the BWG. If ICES was going to when addressing the proposals from the BWG. move forward with substantial change, it was necessary to address the matter more comprehensively than one The Delegate of the Netherlands fully supported the had done so far in the BWG. The group needed to focus general proposals made by the BWG, but considered firmly on the Annual Science Conference which had that additional work needed to be done before the task moved from a business meeting to a quasi-scientific was completed. He firmly supported the proposals by meeting; it now appeared to be unduly lengthy and par­ the Delegates of Norway and Denmark regarding fur­ ticipation clearly declined after the first weekend. Thus, therreview of the advisory structure and its functioning, he proposed holding a first-class Science Conference as the role of the Consultative Committee, and the organi­ the main aim of the annual meeting, with business ses­ sation of the Secretariat. The time-schedule for further sions adjunct to it at the start or end as the secondary progression sketched in the Report of the BWG was issue. The Annual Science Conference should be de­ impractically optimistic, and a full year should be al­ signed anew rather than being an evolution from a pre­ lowed for debate and modification and another year vious business practice. should be allotted for implementation. The Chairman of ACME had organised the work of the committee well The advisory functions of ICES had to be addressed in so far in difficult circumstances where ACME dealt the context of high quality, credible scientific advice for with a significantly wider range of issues than its prede­ resource management of fisheries and the environment. cessor. The ACME Member from the Netherlands was One had experienced a general assault on science in very satisfied with the way that the committee was pro­ advice in an increasingly controversial and political gressing. arena - it was now necessary for ICES to consider the best structure possible to ensure that the best objective The Delegate of Russia supported changing the current and politically neutral scientific advice was available. structure of ICES and valued the Report of the BWG. The Advisory Committee Chairmen had proposed that He was currently uncertain as to when change could be specific changes be made to ACFM and ACME, but implemented, and recommended that the remit of the although the Delegate of the United States agreed with research committees be carefully defined. the need for change he disagreed with the specific pro­ posals. The proposals associated with ACFM were The Delegate of Iceland stated that the views of his likely to result in less peer-review overall than cur­ delegation had become clearer as they debated matters. rently. He was also concerned that ACME would be He supported the views expressed by the Delegate of embarking on a recipe for less impartiality. Thus, a the United States who had raised some very important further review of the Advisory Committees should be questions. It was necessary for the BWG to work out encouraged. the various details before eventual implementation, taking into account the relevant points raised in the cur- The BWG had primarily considered the issue of busi­ rent discussions. He considered that there was general ness functions as addressed by committee structure. The support in ICES for change and believed that a revolu­ proposal for three research committees was a viable tionary approach be used. However, it was necessary to option, but he firmly agreed with Prof. Niels Daan that be able to predict the outcome of a revolution when it the Biodiversity-related Committee was probably not was started and he urged further preparation and review exactly what one was looking for and that a committee before the final decision was taken. The move em­ dealing with monitoring, data etc. was necessary. One barked on had to be clear for everyone, but a chemical should be cautious not to add organisational levels that oceanographer's comments had indicated that this was were not necessary. However, one needed to consider not yet so; were the changes "all about fish", as he how to provide tangible opportunities for formal par­ viewed it, and where did the important fields of chemi­ ticipation in business affairs by ICES scientists in the cal oceanography and pollution fit in exactly in the new new structure and also to ensure that able people might structure?

37 The Delegate of Ireland agreed with the Delegate of There was not necessarily a connection between how Iceland. He wanted to avoid loss of important ICES many members attended the Annual Science Conference scientists to other organisations should they view the and the vigour of the sessions in a particular Sub­ new structure adversely. One still needed to attract ject/Area Committee. However, it was acknowledged specialists to ICES and they needed to feel secure in by Chairmen that little meaningful intersessionalactivity their particular environment. He favoured a review of or support was evident from members. how the views of ACME and ACFM might be inte­ grated in giving comprehensive advice on behalf of The Delegate of Spain considered that changing struc­ ICES, but warned against doing this by forming a large tures always created difficulties, but solutions eventually unwieldy "super committee" . He believed that requests materialised. However, it was necessary for ICES to for advice were increasingly being channelled by the evolve if one wanted it to play an important role in in­ General Secretary to both ACFM and ACME irrespec­ ternationally important affairs such as those referred to tive of which committee had traditionally been given the in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:15 concerning UNCED, UN­ task by a particular commission, and that some further CLOS, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, developments in Secretariat co-ordination and support protection of habitats and species, and integrated coastal would be beneficial. An ICES Advisory Panel could be area management. Thus, it was necessary to use the convened when required to deal with the practicalities opportunity to restructure, but that one should approach of particularly requests, thereby ensuring that a com­ matters carefully in a manner that was supported by the prehensive response was forthcoming. Further, if the majority. He agreed with the views expressed by the task to be conducted did not easily lie in any particular Delegate of the United States and the paper by the ICES groups, then the Panel could propose that neces­ Delegates of Denmark regarding the need to also focus sary groups be formed. As both Chairmen of the Advi­ on the advisory committees. He further supported the sory Committees were currently from the same institu­ proposal that the BWG continue its work to take ac­ tion, one should use the opportunity to determine how count of the main concerns raised. procedural matters should be developed to handle affairs when the future Chairmen would come from different The Delegate of Sweden noted that the Swedish dele­ countries. He fully supported a review of the Secretar­ gation had submitted some preliminary written com­ iat's organisation and ability to service the new struc­ ments on the Report of the BWG and that several of ture; the Secretariat currently served ICES well but a their concerns had been reflected in Prof. Miilkki's new structure demanded that one evaluate the conse­ statement earlier. Sweden seconded the views expressed quences for the Secretariat and accordingly that the nec­ in the paper by the Danish Delegates and the three pro­ essary organisation and resources were made available. posals that were made. Additionally, he recommended that the cost implications of changing ICES structure The General Secretary addressed the issue of attempt­ should be carefully reviewed. Ample time should be ing to deal with science and business simultaneously at devoted to discussion of the changes in structure. the Annual Science Congress by noting that he, the Consultative Committee Chairman, Subject/ Area The Delegate of Portugal believed that the BWG had Committee Chairmen, and the Professional Secretaries made an encouraging start but that it was necessary to found it nearly impossible to follow both the scientific use another year on addressing the critique expressed. and the business sessions. The Consultative Committee The proposals made by the Delegates of Norway and had indicated that it favoured having business at the be­ Denmark accorded with her own. ginning or at the end of the Annual Science Conference rather than mixing them throughout the meeting, a view The Delegate of Germany agreed with most of the that he firmly supported. He had also some fresh statis­ comments expressed by the Delegate of the United tics regarding participation of nationally appointed States. In particular, he shared concerns regarding the members of Subject/ Area Committees expressed as a new working procedures of the Advisory Committees percentages of the actual numbers of members in each which might result in increased political influence. In committee at the 1995 Annual Science Conference: the context of the restructuring of ICES, it was evident that further consideration had to be devoted to the prac­ • Fish Capture 44 % ticalities of what was proposed and to assessing the con­ • Hydrography 29% sequences of the changes. Currently there was a general • Statistics 22% appreciation of what was being proposed but one had to • Marine Environmental Quality 36% be able to agree about the practical details. He recom­ • Mariculture 26% mended that feed-back be solicited from Member • Demersal Fish 42% Countries regarding how they would handle the pro­ • Pelagic Fish 40 % posals being made. In Germany, hierarchical decisions • Baltic Fish 71% were made from the fisheries-related authorities in • Shellfish 20 % terms of the Convention and Contracting Party, but • Biological Oceanography 42 % there was some variation in terms of the ICES authority • Anadromous and Catadromous Fish 33 % in Member Countries. It would be helpful to know in • Marine Mammals 20 %

38 advance of implementation of the proposed changes how (Norway), Prof. A. Post (Germany), and Dr P. Gentien the new structure would be translated by Member {France), and will meet at ICES Headquarters from 24-26 June Countries into representation and participation in ICES. 1996 (3 days immediately before the Mid-Term Bureau Meet­ In terms of the Subject/ Area Committee membership, ing) at Council expense to: participation of members at some Annual Science Con­ Further develop the changes proposed in Doc. C.M. ferences was 50% or more, which was quite encourag­ 1995/Del:13 in order to evaluate the implications of the ing. changes, in particular by: The Delegate of Latvia reminded Delegates of the a) taking into account the comments and proposals positive way in which his relatively small country made from the floor in Theme Session U, and the viewed ICES, especially in terms of developing scien­ views expressed by Delegates and by the Con­ tific potential and participating in the advisory process sultative Committee at the 1995 Annual Science as a basis for Latvian fisheries in the Baltic Sea. Al­ Conference; though he appreciated that ICES had to be truly inter­ b) considering the likely effects on the Annual Sci­ national, it was vital to keep the issue of national rele­ ence Conference of particular changes in the vance in mind. He was concerned that national rele­ structure of ICES, and propose how the Annual vance might be adversely affected by establishing large Science Conference organisation {both science and more generalised research committees. Given that and business) may be further improved; financing contributions to international organisations c) considering the advisory structure of ICES, with a was particularly difficult for small countries, the per­ view to increasing the co-ordination between the ception of relevancy was important in determining in fishery and environmental advisory functions, to which organisation such countries would put their re­ ensure an integrated ICES response to requests sources in the future. He urged that the BWG assessed from regulatory commissions rather than individ­ the national relevance as well as international relevance ual responses from ACFM and ACME: while of the new structure. maintaining quality and credibility of advice; d) proposing mechanisms to further recruitment, The President recapitulated the discussion on the future participation and empowerment in ICES activities structure of ICES by noting that the majority of Dele­ from the grass-roots; e) evaluating the current organisation and resources gates had considered that the BWG on the Structure of of the ICES Secretariat with respect to it provid­ ICES had done a good job and that the proposals were a ing appropriate support and services for the pro­ step in the right direction. However, a very useful de­ posed model of the ICES science and advisory bate had taken place and it was necessary to focus on committees; the legitimate concerns that had been raised. One � preparing a comprehensive plan for the future needed to further consider the role and further inter alia structure of ICES, including an implementation development of the Annual Science Conference, the schedule, for action by the Council at the 1996 Advisory Committees and their working procedures, the Annual Science Conference {Statutory Meeting). matter of safeguarding wider representation and partici­ pation while reducing the number of committees, ways Agenda Item 11 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL to keep scientists from specialist disciplines in ICES CONFERENCE ON THE PRO­ while at the same time further developing interdiscipli­ TECTION OF THE NORTH nary approaches, and the optimal organisation of the SEA Secretariat to service the new structure. In order to have the paper of the Delegates of Denmark kept as an [Agenda Item I 1, with the presentation and discussion official document for the records, he proposed that it be of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:14, was incorporated into adopted as an addendum to C.M. 1995/Del:13. He fur­ Agenda Item 13, the "Extra" Session of the Delegates ther proposed that the work of the BWG be continued Meeting, and are reported on under Agenda Item 13] jointly in collaboration with the Bureau itself under the continued chairmanship of Prof. Malkki. Agenda Item 12 INTERNATIONAL CONFER­ ENCES AND CONVENTIONS: After some further discussion on the membership of the THE NEED FOR A COMPRE­ group, the Council resolved that: HENSIVE ICES RESPONSE MECHANISM A Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES II will meet under the chairmanship of Prof. P. Malkki, including the [Agenda Item 12, with the presentation and discussion President {M A Maucorps) and members of the Bureau {Dr I. of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:15, was incorporated into Olsson, Dr LS. Parsons, Prof. J.G. Pope, Dr R. Robles, Dr Agenda Item 13, the "Extra" Session of the Delegates M.P. Sissenwine), Dr R.C.A. Bannister {Chairman of the Con­ Meeting, and are reported on under Agenda Item 13] sultative Committee), Mr P. Degnbol (Denmark), Prof. K. Olsen

39 Agenda Item 13 TOPICS FOR DELEGATES Delegates were requested to consider the documents cited "EXTRA" SESSION above in their own right and, on the basis of such consid­ erations and ensuing debate, provide guidance as to how The President referred to C.M. 1995/Del: 16 which ICES might develop a proactive approach to dealing with provided a short overview of the topics for the "Extra" 'sustainability' issues. Session of the Delegates Meeting. He recalled that the The Environment Secretary, at the request of the "Extra" Session of the Delegates Meeting had been es­ President, presented Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 14 which tablished for the first time at the 1994 Annual Science provided an overview of the outcome of the Fourth In­ Conference to allow Delegates to use more time on ternational Conference on the Protection of the North strategic and policy matters. As the "Extra " Session Sea. ICES had continuously played an important role in had been very successful, it had been de�ided to con­ the North Sea process and had been represented at the tinue by devoting the current session to strategic and above mentioned Conference in June 1995 by the Gen­ policy matters related to "sustainability" issues. These eral Secretary, the Environment Secretary, the Fishery issues needed to be clarified as they were still mainly at Secretary, and the Chairman of ACME. The Ministerial the conceptual and theoretical stages of ones apprecia­ Declaration provided political goals underpinning co­ tion. It was important that such details be provided in operation among North Sea States on environmental the context of fisheries and aquaculture and their rela­ matters that would be focused upon until the Fifth North tionship to the marine environment. Sea Conference would be held in about seven years in Norway. The Declaration dealt with the following ma­ So far in 1995, the Consultative Committee (C.M. jor topics: 1995/Gen:4), the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES (C.M. 1995/Del:13), the Fourth International • the protection of species and habitats in coastal and Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (C.M. offshore areas, and European Union countries had 1995/Del: 14), and a paper by the ICES Secretariat and agreed to collaborate in the implementation of the the Chairman of the Consultative Committee on inter­ programme NATURA 2000 - a co-ordinated eco­ national conferences and conventions (C.M. logical network of areas for species and habitat con­ 1995/Del: 15) had all drawn attention to the increased servation in the coastal waters of the North Sea. The need for ICES to develop a framework for dealing with European Commission and the European Environ­ 'sustainability' issues by integrating rational harvesting ment Agency were invited to develop an agreed within the general concept of marine environmental con­ classification system for marine biotopes in the servation. North Sea with a view to identifying species and . habitats that need special protection. Although ICES was innovative in establishing the • Ministers needed a group to carry out work for the Study/Working Group on the Ecosystem Effects of Fish­ offshore areas and OSPARCOM were requested to ing Acti�ities, this was but one step among many that is assess, by 1997, the work necessary for species and required to successfully address 'sustainability' issue . � habitats outside territorial waters. The EC directive The changing and expanded mandate of some of the envi­ only covers areas within territorial limits. OSPAR­ ronmental regulatory commissions was likely to reveal a COM would review the action needed to co-ordinate discrepancy between the way in which these commissions the offshore work and that within territorial limits. and fisheries regulatory commissions approached related The work to be conducted by OSPARCOM, of issues. As an increasingly large number of requests for likely relevance to ICES work, would include: de­ information and advice encompasses both fisheries and veloping criteria to identify ecologically important or environmental issues, the question arises of how ICES key biodiversity indicator species and their habitats could harness the combined expertise of both ACFM and which may become threatened or vulnerable; defin­ ACME to provide a harmonised response to the requests ing ecological objectives with the protection of iden­ arising from regulatory commissions? Developing a com­ tified marine species and habitats; determining prehensive approach to dealing with 'sustainability' issues measures that would contribute to fulfilling such was probably one of the major challenges facing ICES in ecological objectives; and further developing exist­ the immediate future. Although one could feed requests ing monitoring research programmes to assess the for information and advice from a particular regulatory progress in meeting these ecological objectives. In commission into both ACFM and ACME, a co-ordination particular, item III of the series specified mechanism appeared to be required to ensure that the "Identifying and mapping the most threatened and/or response was a harmonised ICES one. This currently did ecologically important species and habitats in col­ not exist. The report of the Bureau Working Group on the laboration with ICES, the European Environmental Structure of ICES, although giving suitable priority to Agency and/or other relevant organisations". research on 'sustainability' matters, did not specifically • The next section covered fisheries. There were a make any proposals for further developing the Advisory number of major statements, including the need to Committees. However, the Chairmen of ACFM and further integrate fisheries and environmental policies ACME had initiated a debate on this matter in the Consul­ to protect the North Sea environment and assure the tative Committee. sustainability of fish stocks. The Ministers also

40 agreed that special efforts should be made to develop ticularly regarding the decommissioning of offshore and fully implement sustainable management poli­ installations in the North Sea. cies and to enforce these comprehensively, and to • The management of radioactive substances, and seek broader support for effective fisheries policies further co-operation on the protection of the North from the public and the fishing industry; Sea was also considered. It was agreed that Norway • Ministers agreed, inter alia, that the precautionary would host the Fifth North Sea Conference between principle should be applied in fisheries management 2000 and 2002, and that there would be an Interme­ policies, thatsuch policies should aim at establishing diate Ministerial Meeting in 1997 which would focus exploitation rates for fish stocks within safe biologi­ on fisheries - environment interactions. cal limits, and that policies should minimise by­ catches and other adverse impacts on marine mam­ There were no direct requests made to ICES in the mals, seabirds and benthic organisms. It was further Ministerial Declaration, but it was likely that ICES recommended that the competent management would receive requests, either from the EC or from the authorities undertake a series of management actions Oslo and Paris Commissions, and in particular in terms to implement these political requests; of fisheries and environmental interactions. ICES could • Ministers appreciated the advice that ICES had pro­ expect a request from the EC to co-ordinate some of the vided from the Joint ACFM/ACME Session in 1993 research listed under Paragraph 16(v) on selectivity of on the criteria for the establishment of undisturbed fishing gears with the aim of reducing by-catches; the areas in the North Sea for scientific purposes in or­ reduction of mortality rates of seabirds, marine mam­ der to asses the recovery and redevelopment of the mals and benthic organisms; possible effects of indus­ marine ecosystem. They invited the EC in co­ trial fishing on the sustainability of given fish species operation with relevant Norwegian authorities to and impacts on their major predator species; age com­ consider the choice of a location and the establish­ position and quantities of discards of target and non­ ment of undisturbed areas in the North Sea, with target species; knowledge on the state of fish stocks and intended implementation before 1997. Ministers also populations of other biota; and the possible effects of noted that ICES and other scientific and nature con­ hazardous substances on the sustainability of marine fish servation agencies should participate in the devel­ resources and other marine biota; and further develop­ opment of the management and monitoring of such ment of scientific criteria for undisturbed areas. The undisturbed areas. majority of these areas were, to a large extent, already • The Declaration also included the prevention of covered by ongoing ICES work. pollution by hazardous substances, and proposed a very far-reaching political goal in their intention to ICES could also expect to receive a request regarding reduce discharges, emissions and losses of hazard­ species and habitats protection. OSPARCOM's Work­ ous substances to background levels within a gen­ ing Group on Impacts on the Marine Environment eration defined as 25 years. This extended far be­ would meet in October 1995 and it was expected that yond previous commitments from North Sea Con­ ICES would be approached to provide information and ferences which had called for the decrease of dis­ advice on various matters relating to fishery related ef­ charges by 50 % for most hazardous substances and fects on the environment and biota. by at least 70% for dioxins, mercury, cadmium and lead. ICES should expect to play an important preparatory • A major section dealt with further reduction of nu­ role for the 1997 Intermediate Ministerial Meeting. The trient inputs to the North Sea. This was a major is­ Secretariat had already begun preparations as an invita­ sue of all previous North Sea Conferences, and tion had been received by the General Secretary to at­ problems still existed because target goals of reduc­ tend the first Meeting of Senior North Sea Officials, in tion of nitrogen inputs by 50 % had not been Oslo in October 1995, preparing for the Intermediate achieved by the deadline. Thus, Ministers agreed to Ministerial Meeting. Substantial work was being con­ renew their commitment to further continue their ducted by the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of work under both European Union and OSPARCOM Fishing Activities, and it was likely that the Working programmes. OSPARCOM were invited to adopt a Group would be given additional terms of reference comprehensive strategy to combat and prevent eu­ connected with the Intermediate Ministerial Meeting. trophication; this linked in with an item on the 1996 ICES Work Programme from OSPARCOM in The President thanked the Environment Secretary for which ICES had been requested to conduct statistical her detailed presentation. He noted that Doc. C.M. analyses of relevant data series, namely on nutrient 1995/Del: 14 had underlined the manner in which advice concentrations and to develop further techniques to was now being sought about fisheries-related matters assist in the identification of areas affected by eutro­ from pollution/environmental commissions. It was evi­ fication. dent that some serious thought needed to be given to • There was also considerable discussion on the pre­ developing a mechanism which would ensure that uni­ vention of pollution from offshore installations, par- fied ICES advice was provided rather than distinct envi­ ronmental or fisheries advice.

41 The Delegate of Germany agreed that steps should be The United Nations Conference on the Environment and taken to make it clear that advice was provided by ICES Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Confer­ rather than the particular internal organ(s) (i.e. ACFM, ence or Earth Summit, had taken place in 1993 and had ACME, or both) that had been selected as the most since received great momentum. The process had competent. He favoured passing all requests from moved significantly forwards from focusing on rain for­ commissions to both advisory committees irrespective ests and their decimation to considering a whole range of whether the requests originated from an of issues concerned with sustainable development. The "environmental" or a "fishery" commission. main section of concern to ICES was Agenda 21's Chapter 17 on "Protection of the oceans, all kinds of The President agreed completely with the views of the seas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational use Delegate of Germany. As he viewed it helpful to have and development of their living resources" ; it was clear the wider issue of international conferences and con­ that it would stand as a comprehensive blueprint for ventions considered before opening up a wider debate, action to be taken globally by governments, UN agen­ he called on the General Secretary to present Doc. cies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organi­ C.M. 1995/Del:15. sations. Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 focused on several programme areas, including a) Integrated management The General Secretary pointed out that Doc. C.M. and sustainable development in coastal areas, including 1995/Del: 15 had been written by himself, the three Pro­ exclusive economic zones, b) Marine environmental fessional Secretaries and the Chairman of the Consulta­ protection, c) Sustainable use and conservation of ma­ tive Committee in order to draw attention to some of rine living resources of the high seas, d) Sustainable use the international conferences and conventions that had and conservation of marine living resources under na­ occurred during the last decade and which were signifi­ tional jurisdiction, e) Addressing critical uncertainties cantly influencing ICES either directly or indirectly. for the management of the marine environment and cli­ mate change, f) Strengthening international, including He briefly described the United Nations Convention on regional, cooperation and coordination, g) Sustainable the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which was set up in development of small islands. It was not coincidental 1982 but which did not come into force until 1994. that several of the emerging areas of science highlighted UNCLOS was exerting substantial influence on both in the Report of the BWG as being of interest to the ICES and its Member Countries as it required signato­ new research committees could be traced to UNCED's ries to conserve living (e.g. fisheries and mariculture) Chapter 17. Integrated Coastal Area Management as well as inert (e.g. oil and minerals) resources and the (ICAM) was an area, of direct relevance to UNCED, marine environment as a whole on the foundation of the where ICES could play a pivotal role, as it involved best available scientific information and advice. Envi­ bringing together several users of the coastal zone (e.g. ronmental matters affected 59 of the 320 articles of fisheries, mariculture, industries which produced UNCLOS. A major section of UNCLOS referred to the chemicals and effluents, recreation and natural parks), conservation and management of the living marine re­ as well as scientists, and managers, in a manner similar sources of the high seas, an area of interest that· had to that employed in Dialogue Meetings. UNCED would bearing on some of ICES work programme for the also encourage the further development of Codes of North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) Conduct/Practice, and ICES had already contributed for stocks such as redfish. 13 articles of UNCLOS spe­ through its Code of Practice on Introductions and Trans­ cifically addressed the conservation and management of fers of Marine Organisms and codes and guidelines re­ living resources including habitat protection. About lated to extraction of marine sediments and aggregates. 30% of the articles of UNCLOS related to marine re­ Other ICES activities of relevance to UNCED were the search. UNCLOS pointed out that the management, development of climate change related projects or pro­ conservation, exploration, and exploitation of living grammes such as Cod and Climate Change and marine resources should be co-ordinated, as should ma­ GLOBEC, and risk and uncertainty analysis in fisheries. rine environmental conservation and protection. A key to UNCLOS, as far as ICES was concerned, was that it Although UNCED had originally been almost exclu­ required coastal states "taking into account of the best sively seen in the context of developing countries, it scientific evidence available to them" to "ensure was now clear that developed and industrialised coun­ through proper conservation and management meas­ tries were expected to practice what was being proposed ures" that living resources in their EEZs were not en­ at the regional level. ICES could contribute to an inte­ dangered by over-exploitation, whilst at the same time grated approach to "sustainability" issues, by inter alia promoting optimum utilisation. UNCLOS referred to harmonising the rational utilisation of living marine re­ the role and responsibilities of "competent international sources (e.g. fisheries and mariculture) with protection organizations" on a global and regional basis. Being of the marine environment. such an international organisation, ICES should deter­ mine its role with regard to UNCLOS and with respect ICES was co-operating closely with relevant UN agen­ to the lead UN agencies for the various sectors of the cies, e.g. PAO and IOC, in the context of UNCED. Convention. ICES had participated as an observer in the work of the

42 Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) The Delegate of Denmark considered that it was im­ Subcommittee on Oceans and Coastal Areas, which portant to consider the General Secretary's question of was the task manager for Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 and how ICES would respond to "sustainability" issues. As reported through the Inter-Agency Committee on Sus­ a new Delegate he had taken the opportunity to study tainable Development to the Commission on Sustainable ICES' Convention, which stated that ICES should pro­ Development. ICES had, through ACFM and its mote, encourage, and organise. In reality it was up to Chairman, contributed to the development of the F AO the Delegates of Member Countries to ensure that such Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, particularly important matters were put on the internal national­ with regard to the section on fishery research. agenda for further debate and analysis. He intended to take the matter up with the appropriate authorities in In the last few years, substantial attention had been fo­ Denmark after the Annual Science Conference. Chang­ cused on regional initiatives for the protection of marine ing structure was not likely to be enough to address and coastal species and habitats. Attention was drawn such matters - one had also to initiate a discussion in to: the 1979 Bonn Convention on the Conservation of ICES as to how to create consistency between an ICES Migratory Species of Wild Animals; the Agreement on organisational approach and a national organisational the Conservation of Small Cetaceans in the North and approach. It was particularly necessary to raise the Baltic Seas (ASCOBANS); the EC's NATURA 2000 question of how environmental research and advice network addressing the maintenance or restoration of should be focused at a national level with respect to natural habitats and species; and the importance of spe­ ICES, and how first-class fisheries and environmental cies and habitat issues in the North Sea Conference advice could be produced in response to requests arising process, and in particular fisheries and environmental both from the intergovernmental commissions and na­ issues at the 1997 Intermediate Ministerial Meeting, and tional authority levels. Hence it was necessary to dis­ the Baltic Sea Programmes related to HELCOM and its cuss co-operation between ICES and national bodies. Environment Committee's Nature Group. The President replied that the Delegate of Denmark In conclusion, ICES needed to give appropriate atten­ had raised a key aspect which needed to be considered tion to "sustainability" issues, and develop a proactive in parallel with the restructuring process in ICES. strategy for comprehensively addressing such matters in terms of both science and advice. It was particularly The General Secretary acknowledged that national re­ pertinent for ICES to consider how it would respond to sources, both human and monetary, had to be consid­ "green" issues. ered in determining how a particular Member Country was able to respond to the emerging challenges as illus­ The President invited comments or proposals from trated in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:15, but he encouraged Delegates on Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 14 and Doc. C.M. Delegates to initiate a wider debate on the national or­ 1995/Del: 15. ganisation of ICES work as referred to by the Delegate of Denmark. If it was decided by the Council that The Delegate of the United Kingdom congratulated the "sustainability"-related research needed to be further General Secretary on his comprehensive review of re­ co-ordinated, it might eventually be worthwhile estab­ cent developments which would undoubtedly lead to lishing a special Steering Group for the purpose. In new demands on ICES and institutions in ICES Member addition, he firmly supported the proposals put forward Countries. However, he was concerned should the de­ by the Chairmen of ACME and ACFM at Theme Ses­ velopments result in ICES requiring to create new sion U that further ways of integrating the work of the Study /Working Groups at a time when a number of the two Advisory Committees be given high priority in key laboratories in Member Countries were finding it 1996 while the two Chairmen coincidentally were based extremely difficult to maintain their present commit­ in the same institute. ments. Thus, rather than simply adding further groups to ICES already large number of groups, it appeared The Delegate of Norway proposed that ICES should more logical to examine existing priorities and deter­ use the expertise of the proposed research committees mine which of the current groups might be replaced by (c.f. Agenda Item 10) to follow matters related to im­ the new activities. portant conferences and conventions. The sheer number of the Subject/ Area Committees, coupled with their The President conceded that, as human resources were general lack of activity, had made it very difficult for clearly limited, ICES could not continue to establish them to carry out this task. In addition, he firmly sup­ new groups without disbanding some and merging oth­ ported the view expressed by the Chairman of ACFM at ers. However, he reminded Delegates that the "Extra" Theme Session U that advice was given by ICES rather Session was established to provide guidelines on strat­ than by ACFM or ACME. egy and how ICES should deal with "sustainability" issues. The Delegate of the United Kingdom believed that ICES should be rather proud that it probably already had many of the necessary building bricks to provide

43 the kinds of advice that were necessary. In some ways fisheries, environment, and foreign affairs. ICES had, ICES was towards the forefront of international devel­ in the majority of cases been established through the opments, e.g. the Working Group on the Ecosystem fisheries ministries being the Contracting Parties. How­ Effects of Fishing Activities. Some thought should, ever, there had been a marked tendency in recent years however, be given to a level for integrating the output for environmental affairs and ministries of the environ­ of Study/Working Groups for particular purposes. Al­ ment to be increasingly influential at both national and though he viewed Advisory Committees as being good international levels. Thus, there was an increasing like­ for putting advice into the right form, another body lihood that greater profiling of environmental affairs in would be better at directing the integration process. ICES might contribute to a change in the balance be­ tween fisheries and environment in ICES that might The Delegate of the Netherlands empha�ised that the have unforeseen and complex consequences. Before apparent juxtaposition between exploitation (e.g. fisher­ engaging in a discussion with other interested national ies) and protection of the environment as emphasised in authorities, he would appreciate having a clear overview Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 15 was one which needed to be of the possible list of disciplines where future ICES ad­ unified through a concept of sustainable development. vice might be expected. He was confident that the restructuring of ICES as pro­ posed by the BWG in the form of the new research The President acknowledged the complexity of the committees would be well-adapted to handling an inte­ situation in many Member Countries in terms of inter­ grated approach to sustainability issues. Although he play between the various authorities. Nevertheless, he favoured closer co-operation between ACFM and believed that it was important for Delegates to better ACME he believed that it was too early to combine the inform the environmental authorities of the changing Advisory Committees in practice and such a "super role of ICES in providing advice on a wider range of committee" would probably be very difficult to manage. topics. However, one had to note that the interest in a He proposed that ecosystem/sustainability issues might wider range of advisory issues and topics had, to a large best be handled in some manner between the research extent, been the result of a widening of interest from the and Advisory Committees. pollution/environmental commissions. Thus, interna­ tional affairs were also having a clear influence on na­ The Delegate of Denmark informed Delegates that the tional considerations in a way that was outside the influ­ Danish delegation had prepared a discussion paper pro­ ence of ICES itself. viding further views on the structure of ICES which provided some relevant input to the present Agenda The Delegate of Germany sympathised with the con­ Item. It had become evident, however, that evolution cerns of the Delegate of Belgium as similar considera­ could be a quick rather than a lengthy process as seen in tions applied to the debate on the restructuring of ICES, the case· of the Working Group on the Ecosystem Ef­ as presented in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 13, and the current fects of Fishing Activities. He viewed it as being rather debate on ways in which greater resources might be premature, on the basis of the current discussion, to brought into tasks concerning "green" or environmental preclude or exclude possible ways in which particular matters. ICES had a duty to engage in deliberations as­ "transboundary" requests might be dealt with. sociated with the new challenges, but it was aiso impor­ tant that environmental commissions directing requests The Delegate of Estonia noted that ICES was collabo­ to ICES accept that the current resources and expertise rating with HELCOM and IBSFC in the Baltic Sea. The available is limited. He believed that the particular out­ Baltic Sea was a unique region for ICES as it was come of the restructuring debate on the basis of Doc. highly enclosed and was dominated by brackish water C.M. 1995/ Del:13 would further direct a decision as to conditions. The variability in the Baltic Sea ecosystem what new challenges might be addressed by ICES. was marked, affecting fisheries and environmental conditions, including pollution. Recently attention had The Delegate of Sweden agreed that the Agenda Items been focused on the Baltic Sea as a Large Marine Eco­ 10 and 12 were interwoven. Matters of national organi­ system (LME) with particular sub-regions. Thus, he sation and representation in ICES would have to be advocated that ICES recognised the special requirement handled formally in many Member Countries. In the to identify the Baltic Sea as a clear element in dealing North Sea Conference process, it had become clear re­ with both "sustainability" issues and future restructuring cently that the ministries of the environment had in­ of ICES. creasingly engaged the ministries of agriculture and fisheries in their work. The Delegate of Belgium referred to the earlier state­ ment by the Delegate of Denmark that handling the full The Delegate of Norway supported the general thrust of range of environmental and fishery issues would need to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:15 and a gradual widening of be dealt with at the national as well as the ICES level. ICES engagement in matters related to sustainable de­ He believed that problems would be more evident at the velopment. Unless one embarked on these challenges in national than the international level. Internally, many terms of science, ICES might find itself being outma­ countries could have three ministries involved: those for noeuvred by international politics. However, the degree

44 to which any particular Member Country was able to and the development of a network for co-operation and contribute scientists to the emerging issues was obvi­ exchange of information with government ministries and ously influenced by the resources that politicians and the Member Country Embassies in Copenhagen. The only public at large determined should be allocated to given area of negative views regarding the steps taken related issues. This varied on a national political level. How­ to advance publicising of the meeting of ACFM, where ever, he strongly believed that a restructuring of ICES members had expressed clear concern that knowledge of would enable the Council to better deal with strategic the dates of their meeting were likely to increase the matters than one had been with the current structure. degree of political pressure, e.g. employment and socio­ economic considerations, that was applied to ACFM. The Environment Secretary had listened with particu­ ACFM had not criticised the actual content of the pre­ lar interest to the comments expressed by a number of meeting press release, and had no objection to a press Delegates regarding limited resources and the need for release being issued after its meeting had been con­ improved co-ordination of the national members of cluded. On the other hand, ACME were very positive to ICES groups. Coming from the environmental side of greater information being available about its work and matters, she was concerned that a lack of co-ordination meetings, and had no objections to press releases being between the national fisheries and environmental issued either before or after its meeting. In the case of authorities might lead to a greater willingness by some both Advisory Committees, press releases were pre­ of the environmental commissions, such as OSPAR­ pared in close collaboration with and dependent on the COM, to establish their own groups to conduct work approval of their Chairmen. Finally, attention was rather than address requests to ICES. Unless environ­ drawn to the difficulties encountered in attracting true mental scientists believed that they were welcome and "young scientists" to ICES; in order to increase the had open access to participate in ICES groups they relevance of ICES for the future recruitment of young would go elsewhere. It was important that ICES advice persons of both sexes it was proposed that a Young Sci­ be considered equally legitimate on fisheries as well as entists Conference be planned for 1997. The Bureau had environment, otherwise some advice might not be ac­ expressed interest and support in the idea of a meeting cepted by certain commissions in full consensus. specifically aimed at young scientists, but recommended that thought be given to holding a Workshop involving The President closed the discussion, pointing out that an input from ACME and ACFM to bridge science and further attention would be devoted to considering advice. In all ICES dealings with the media, it was es­ Agenda Item 10. sential that one focused on scientific knowledge and the results of ICES work and not be drawn into the area of Agenda Item 14 ENHANCED INFORMATION policy or politics which were the prerogative of Mem­ AND PUBLICITY ABOUT ICES ber Country governments and the international com­ missions. The President referred to Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 17 which provided steps being taken to develop greater The Delegate of Iceland congratulated those responsi­ external awareness about ICES and its various activi­ ble for contributing towards a greater general knowl­ ties. He believed that it was necessary to improve edge about ICES. There was a grain of truth in the knowledge and perceptions about ICES outside the documents Introduction stating that ICES was the best­ ICES community of scientists and the sphere of client kept secret in Copenhagen. It was necessary for ICES commissions. The Consultative Committee and the Bu­ to carry on with the tasks as outlined. He firmly sup­ reau had considered the matter in some detail and gen­ ported the move towards publicising the Annual Science erally reacted favourably. The initiative that had been Conference in Aalborg and proposed that similar steps taken to publicise the 1995 Annual Science Conference be taken regarding publicity about the 1996 Annual Sci­ in Aalborg and its various scientific sessions in the seri­ ence Conference in Iceland. The concerns of ACFM ous newspapers, and the Danish radio and television, regarding publicity were valid as its members needed to was clearly very positive. Some concern had been ex­ be able to fully concentrate on their business without the pressed, however, about press releases which drew at­ attention of the media. For these reasons, he had not tention to the meetings and activities of ACFM. passed the pre-meeting press release for ACFM on to At the invitation of the President, the General Secre­ the media in Iceland. tary provided a brief summary of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 17. An overview of the various areas of ac­ The President believed that the pre-meeting press re­ tivity involved in disseminating information about ICES leases for ACFM would be dispensed with. The advice was provided, including press releases about Symposia, of ACFM had a more immediate, rather than medium­ Dialogue Meetings, the establishment of a Home Page or long-term, effect on industry than ACME advice. for ICES on the World Wide Web, the Annual Science ACFM and ACME were affected in different ways by Conference, hotels available in Copenhagen for mem­ media attention, particularly in terms of the markedly bers of Study/Working Groups and Advisory Commit­ greater pressure exerted by the fishing industry com­ tees visiting ICES Headquarters, a listing of ICES pub­ pared with the environment-related industries. lications available to scientists and the general public,

45 The Bureau considered that careful attention needed to further develop plans for the young scientists conference be devoted to the planning of the Young Scientists Con­ and to provide additional information about ICES ac­ ference or Workshop and that sufficient funds had to be tivities. solicited, from Danish public or private organisations, to cover travel and per diem costs for the selected The Delegate of Ireland appreciated the difficulties in young scientists who would take part. The arrangement presenting science in a newsworthy perspective. He would be arranged under the auspices of ICES and supported the effortsmade by the Bureau and the ICES would involve young scientists from Member Countries. Secretariat in obtaining appropriate advice for continu­ ing the current initiative. As it had been proposed that The Delegate of Ireland wanted to know whether the the Young Scientists Conference be held in 1997, it was funding just mentioned would be used primarily for necessary that young candidates be identified as soon as transport, food and lodgings of the young scientists or possible to assist in the detailed planning of the ar­ whether it would include meeting and publication ex­ rangement. He recommended that the Chairmen of penses. ACME, ACFM and the Consultative Committee be in­ cluded in the planning group. The President emphasised that it was necessary to en­ gage the interest and participation of young scientists The President emphasised that the project had so far who would probably not normally be able to cover their only been considered in a preliminary and flexible man­ expenses; this would require external funding. Publica­ ner. There was some uncertainty at this stage whether tion expenses and related costs should be able to be met the project could be planned in sufficient detail to guar­ by ICES. antee holding a successful Young Scientists Conference in 1997. He hoped that Delegates would support the The Delegate of the United States believed that the initiative by playing an appropriate role in the national proposed arrangement foryoung scientists was a worthy selection process for young scientist candidates. Dele­ enterprise, but considered that it was necessary for gates were encouraged to provide further input regard­ ICES to include a number of key established scientists ing interesting topics for consideration; all useful ideas who could stimulate dialogue and enthusiasm from the should be addressed to the General Secretary. young scientists. His agency in the United States, which was concerned with science funding, had positive expe­ Agenda Item 15 PLANS FOR ICES CENTEN­ rience with similar activities involving both young and ARY, 2002: PROGRESS RE­ established scientists. PORT

The President agreed that reaching out to young scien­ The President underlined that the Centenary in 2002 tists was dependent on the right mixture of young and and planning for it were major matters, with further old to create the necessary interactions. details being provided in C.M. 1995/Del: 18. He was pleased to inform Delegates that the General Secretary The Chairman of the Consultative Committee sug­ had received a positive response from the Danish postal gested that some of the topics of interest to the Consul­ authorities to his approach regarding their issuing a tative Committee as outlined in its Mid-Term Report commemorative stamp and first-day cover for the ICES (Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen:4) might be further developed to Centenary. The Bureau had considered that it would be suit a programme for the young scientists arrangement worthwhile to attempt to have a synchronised issue of with distinguished established-scientists acting as session stamps commemorating the Centenary in ICES Member Convenors. He recommended, however, that young Countries, and thus Delegates were requested to assist scientists be brought into the planning process in order in this process by bringing the matter to the attention of to avoid the agenda becoming too parochial. Regarding the relevant authorities in their countries. Although the the matter of press releases and media coverage at the Delegates of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark had con­ Annual Science Conference, he had noted that there was firmed the willingness of their countries to host ICES a greater element of spontaneity and interest associated Annual Science Conferences in 1999, 2001, and 2002 with the briefing about the scientific sessions, particu­ respectively, official written-invitations addressed to the larly the ballast water Theme Session, than in the General Secretary needed to be procured as soon as briefing about the general role of ICES. It was neces­ possible from the appropriate national authorities. In sary to further develop the thrust of media briefings; it order to facilitate good planning of the Annual Science was a difficult task to balance the media's interest in the Conferences in 1999, 2001, and 2002 the Bureau pro­ spectacular with the more careful and balanced ap­ posed the establishment of national planning committees proach to science that ICES encouraged. in the Member Countries hosting these Annual Science Conferences as well as the establishment of a Bureau The President expressed his gratitude to Mr Jergen Working Group on the Planning of the ICES Centenary M0ller Christensen for putting publicity and awareness wJ:iich would comprise a Delegate from each of the about ICES on the agenda. The Bureau would continue above named countries as well as the country (as yet to engage the services of Mr M0ller Christensen to undetermined) which would hold the 2000 Annual Sci-

46 ence Conference. He proposed that this Bureau Work­ ences of ICES as well as the Annual Science Conference ing Group function at two levels: a central group level, in 2000; and a sub-group level. It was therefore proposed that 2. Ensure widespread communication of centenary celebra­ the central group consist of Mr Mogens Schou from tions within the ICES community. Denmark, Mr Roald Vaage from Norway, and Prof. JanThulin from Sweden: they would act as correspon­ 3. Oversee the preparatoryresearch and publication of a his­ dents and contact points with their respective national tory of ICES to be written by a professional historian com­ authorities. It was proposed that the Bureau Working missioned by ICES; Group on the Planning of the ICES Centenarybe jointly 4. Plan and convene a Symposium on the History of ICES to chaired by Dr M.M. Sinclair of Canada, who had been be held in 2002; instrumental in bringing the history of ICES and interest in preparation for the ICES Centenary into focus, and 5. Make preparations for the ICES archives to be catalogued Mr Mogens Schou who one hoped would be the pivotal and importanthistorical items exhibited; link in holding the Centenary in Denmark, the Host 6. Collect photographs and memorabilia of ICES events from Country. It was proposed that the Bureau Working Member Countries and prepare a video (or movie or CD­ Group on the Planning of the ICES Centenary would ROM} foreasy distributionand presentation; report to the Bureau biannually and to the Council at the · Annual Science Conference. 7. Oversee the preparation and publication of a new edition of "Study of the Sea" (Editor Mr E. Thomasson); In response to the President having asked for comments 8. Report to the Bureau at its Mid-Term and Annual Science on the proposal, the Delegates of Denmark (Mr M. Conference Meetings. Schou), Canada (Dr M.M. Sinclair), Sweden (Prof. J. Thulin) and Norway (Mr R. Vaage) expressed their enthusiasm and willingness to participate in the group's The Council agreed that up to DKK 100,000 of the ex­ work as outlined. cess of income over expenditure from Financial Year 1993/1994 would be set aside to cover thecosts of term The Delegate of Belgium recollected that so far no of reference 3 above. Member Country had offered to host the 2000 Annual Science Conference. Belgium had unfortunately never Agenda Item 16 APPOINTMENT OF ONE hosted an ICES Statutory Meeting despite it having been MEMBER OF FINANCE COM­ actively engaged in the affairs of the Council since its MITIEE inception. He intended to consult with the appropriate authorities in Belgium in order to redress this matter in The President, noting that Dr I. Olsson (Sweden) favour of his country for the year 2000. would complete his three-year period as Member of the Finance Committee on 31 October 1995 after having The President thanked Delegates for their positive very ably served the Council, requested that Delegates statements, and considered that the issue of preparing give their approval to the Bureau's proposal that Dr R. for the ICES Centenary had been well-launched on the de Clerck (Belgium) be appointed to replace Dr Olsson right course. for the three-year period commencing 1 November 1995. After some further discussion, the Council resolved that: The Council endorsed the Bureau's proposal.

A Bureau Working Group on the Planning of the ICES Cen­ Agenda Item 17 REPORT OF FINANCE COM­ tenary will be established under the co-chairmanship of Dr MITTEE M.M. Sinclair (Canada) and Mr M. Schou (representing the national planning group for the 2002 Annual Science Confer­ At the invitation of the President, the Chairman of the ence in Denmark), and including Prof. J. Thulin (representing Finance Committee presented theCommittee's Report, the national planning group for the 1999 Annual Science Con­ themain features of which are highlighted in Items 17. I ference in Sweden), Mr R. Vaage (representing the national 17.6. planning group for the 2001 Annual Science Conference in Norway), one otherperson (representing the national planning Agenda Item 17.1 Use of Excess of Income Over group for the 2000 Annual Science Conference in a Member Expenditure from 1993/1994 Country to be decided), Mr J. Ramsier (Assistant Editor of the ICES Journal of MarineScience), and the President and Gen­ The Committee's attention had been drawn by the Gen­ eral Secretaryas ex officiomembers. The Group may establish eral Secretary to a table provided which had shown the sub-groups as considered necessary, with the approval of the mannerin which the Bureau had agreed at its June 1995 President. The Group will: Mid-Term Meeting that the DKK 1.4 million excess of income over expenditure from Financial Year 1. Plan and co-ordinate the inter-related celebrations of the 1993/1994 would be used. DKK 898,439 would be deb- centenary of the 1899, 1901 and 1902 founding confer-

47 ited during the current year to cover inter alia: refurbish­ The Delegate of Finland recollected that the problems ing the Castle Room; safety and security arrangements at of conversion between the XEU and DKK had been ICES Headquarters; the additional (September) meeting raised on several occasions previously. He hoped that of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES; the recommendations of the Finance Committee might painting of ICES Headquarters; installation costs for the prove fruitful. newly acquired extension to ICES premises. Of the re­ mainder of the excess of income over expenditure from The General Secretary explained that on at least one 1993/1994, it had been agreed that DKK 250,000 would occasion prior to and on one occasion after his taking be kept in the Capital Reserve Fund, and DKK 288,750 office the matter had been broached with the EC. On would be kept for 1996/1997 for offsetting the proposed every occasion the EC had replied that it was a matter lack of increase in annual contributions from Member of policy that all EC business dealings be conducted in Countries. XEU. However, he intended to raise the matter again in the near future, and believed that the EC should still be Agenda Item 17 .2 Audited Accounts for Financial able to pay ICES in XEU while simultaneously recog­ Year 1993/1994 nising thatICES had a legitimate right to expect that the real costs that it incurred in carrying out a work pro­ The Finance Committee had reviewed the Audited Ac­ gramme for the EC should be met. It should be possible counts and Balance Sheet for 1992/1993, contained in to agree on a mathematical formula concerning the ex­ Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 1 and, having no comments or change rate between the XEU and DKK which deter­ questions, had approved and signed the Accounts and mined whether EC should refund money to ICES or Balance Sheet. vice versa.

The Audited Accounts were approved by the Council The Estimated Accounts were approved by the Council. through a roll-call of Member Countries. Agenda Item 17.4 Budget for Financial Year 1995/ 1996 Agenda Item 17.3 Estimated Accounts for Financial Year 1994/1995 The Chairman of the Finance Committee drew atten­ tion to the draft Budget for Financial Year 1995/1996 as The Chairman of the Finance Committee noted that presented in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:5. It was pointed out the Committee had reviewed the Estimated Accounts for that the amounts of Income were identical with the pre­ Financial Year 1994/1995 presented in Doc. C.M. vious year's approved Forecast Budget, but a number of 1995/Del:4. There was overall conformity between the figures under Expenditure had been changed relative to budgeted and estimated amounts for income and ex­ those in the previous year's approved Forecast Budget. penditure. Miscellaneous income was appreciably Total income was considered to be greater than in the greater than budgeted due to income from AMAP and previous year's approved Forecast Budget due to an the EC. Due to changes in the exchange rate between expected USD 200,000 provided by the USA and Nor­ the XEU and the Danish Kroner, there was a loss of way to establish the ICES/GLOBEC Project Office in about 60,000 DKK in the income from the EC annual the ICES Secretariat. The contract with the successful contribution, and the Committee urged the General Sec­ candidate for the GLOBEC Office Co-ordinator would retary to consider ways in which the problem could be be drawn up, in the first instance, for two years but overcome. The Capital Reserve Fund had been estab­ could be extended appropriately in relation to additional lished primarily to safeguard the Council's ability to pay funding from other countries or institutions. A new Secretariat staff salaries in the eventuality of default in half-time CS-grade post as Personal Assistant to the annual contributions, and discussion had occurred re­ General Secretary had been proposed and would serve garding at what size the Capital Reserve Fund should be to reduce the high work load placed on the Secretariat maintained in the future. The Committee noted that the staff. size of the fund had not kept pace with increases in the numbers of staff. The Finance Committee had approved the draft Budget There had been some discussion regarding the account­ for 1995/1996 and recommended its acceptance by the ing technicalities of dealing with the excess of income Council. over expenditure from 1993/1994, but it had been pointed out that the Council's Auditors had provided The President proposed, and Delegates agreed, that advice on the manner in which matters had been repre­ Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:20 ("Cost Recovery From ICES sented in the accounts; it was considered incorrect to Customers") and Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:3 ("Co­ retrospectively change an agreed budget. operation with Other International Organisations: Working Relationships and Financial Arrangements") be The Committee had approved the Estimated Accounts summarised by the General Secretary and discussed in and recommended their acceptance by the Council. the context of the work load on the Secretariat, the fi­ nancial situation in 1995/1996, and possible action by

48 NASCO to reduce its annual contribution to ICES in than payments would cover to prioritise the elements of 1995/1996. work so that there would be accord between the work conducted and the payment made. As the payments The General Secretary indicated that Doc. C. M. made by several commissions represented cost recovery 1995/Del:20 was produced as a supplement to Doc. levels of about 40-50% and gave the impression that it C.M. 1995/Del:3. It drew attention to ICES relation­ would be difficult, if not impossible, to increase pay­ ship with the intergovernmental commissions and the ments ICES should consider implementing the second EC which had developed from the mid-l 980s onwards. alternative. NEAFC and NASCO were the first commissions with which ICES had been involved with in providing infor­ The work load on the ICES Secretariat was great and mation and advice. Although ICES relationships with was increasingly being spent on servicing the Advisory the commissions had begun relatively modestly, with Committees and the commissions' work programme. only a few commissions being involved and relatively The Professional Secretaries, particularly Environment insubstantial requests being addressed to ICES, the cur­ and Fishery, had other major responsibilities and sev­ rent situation involved, in addition to NEAFC and eral of ICES internal duties were increasingly being NASCO, also HELCOM, the EC, IBSFC, and given low priority or not being attended to. The deficit OSPARCOM. Over a decade, the work-load placed on in payments from the fishery-related commission alone the Advisory Committees and the ICES Secretariat had had just been calculated as about DKK 2.5 million for increased out of all proportions. ACFM originally only 1993/1994 (significantly revised upwards since the Doc. met in the summer, but now the additional autumn C.M. 1995/Del:20 had been produced) or about 10% of meeting had become more demanding and intensive than the total ICES budget, and it was clear that the Secretar­ the summer meeting. The rise of the Advisory Commit­ iat was being put in an untenable situation as it could tees had mainly been in response to the commissions' not meet the full range of goals that were expected. The need for information and advice, and had been matched Report on Administration (Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:2) em­ by two developments: 1) irrespective of whether or not phasised that keeping abreast of some publication­ commissions had a formal agreement with ICES, they related tasks was becoming increasingly problematical believed it was their right to request advice from ICES, for the Secretariat. The expectations of the commissions 2) the advice should be provided at as little cost to the were becoming greater while the deadlines faced by client commission as possible. As ICES and the com­ ICES were shorter. In some cases the Secretariat were missions were intergovernmental, and the commissions expected to send in reports and documents to commis­ and ICES had substantial overlap in their national mem­ sion meetings within only 1-2 weeks of ACFM having bership, the commissions frequently argued that their concluded its meeting. national backers were "paying twice": once to the commissions and then again to ICES. The Bureau and In the early and mid-1980s a major part of the work of the General Secretary responded to the contention of the Meeting Organisation and Documentation (MOD) "paying twice" by emphasising that Member Country group in the Secretariat was associated with supporting contributions were established to cover the core scien­ the General Secretary. Since 1990 the range of duties tific programme of ICES and the salaries of the ICES faced by the General Secretary in dealing with internal Secretariat who were the civil servants engaged to en­ and external ICES business had risen substantially: Doc. sure that the Council's decisions were appropriately C.M. 1995/Del:20 made it clear that the General Secre­ carried out. The ICES Convention of 1964 did not spe­ tary had to be a technology "super-user" in order to cifically mention advisory duties as the fourth element help himself as one was increasingly having to compete of a mission statement. The annual contributions of with the Advisory Committees to obtain assistance to Member Countries had rarely made substantial leaps carry out key duties. Currently, the General Secretary over and above inflation and cost-of-living increases, was expected to take minutes and write up the reports of and thus the advisory role of ICES respective to com­ the Bureau and Delegates Meetings and edit and com­ missions had to be financed by the commissions making pile most of the Annual Report; the latter was no longer the requests to ICES. The Council had endorsed a pol­ a small A3 document of large font and few words per icy of 100 % cost recovery from client commissions at page, the report of the Delegates Meeting was now the 1993 (81st) Statutory Meeting. about as voluminous as a whole 1970s Annual Report. In addition to servicing client demands, the General If contributions from commissions did not cover the Secretary had to oversee the development and imple­ costs incurred by ICES there were two alternatives mentation of the Timesheets and Costing System open: 1) ICES subsidised the commissions by using (TACS), negotiate with commissions under increasingly Member Country contributions, but this was not in ac­ difficult circumstances, formulate new Memoranda of cord with the policy of 100% cost recovery, 2) ICES Understanding on a semi-contractual basis, develop costed out the various elements of the work programme strategies and policies as directed by the Bureau, and in the requests received from a client, and asked those develop a management plan for the Secretariat to satis­ clients who requested ICES to do substantially more factorily serve the Council and the commissions.

49 In conclusion, he firmly warned that ICES had to care­ its contribution for 1994/1995 reduced to 84 % , the fully control the demands placed on it by client com­ same level of cost recovery as OSPARCOM which paid missions, and that demands had to be matched with hu­ the next highest percentage cost recovery. He empha­ man and financial resources in the Secretariat and at the sised, however, that a) estimates of cost recovery made national laboratory level. in early 1993 were far less reliable than the current es­ timates using the Timesheets and Costing System The President invited comments on Doc. C.M. (TACS), and b) the above 84% cost recovery to be 1995/Del:20 from Delegates. applied to NASCO for 1994/1995 was based on esti­ mates for OSPARCOM that related to 1992/1993. The The Delegate of Iceland expressed his shock at the in­ reliable T ACS analysis recently carried out using actual creasing work load placed on the ICES Secretariat and data logged for 1993/1994, presented in Annex 6 of on the manner in which the General Secretary devoted Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:3, indicated that the work pro­ his time. He viewed the proposal that had been made to gramme carried out by ICES for NASCO cost DKK establish a half-time Personal Assistant position for the 313,927 whereas NASCO actually paid DKK 274,500, General Secretary as being insufficient. The proposal to i.e. a cost recovery of 87%. Thus NASCO's cost re­ initiate a review of the organisation and conditions of covery had already fallen in 1993/1994 to a similar the Secretariat in connection with the proposed restruc­ level to the "regulated" 84% cost recovery level turing of ICES was a matter that he firmly seconded as brought in for 1994/1995. it was clear that the General Secretary and the Secretar­ iat staff were already in a difficult situation. The costing of a commission had two elements: 1) costs incurred by the Secretariat (e.g. staff salaries, and The President stated that unless there were alternative travel and per diem of the appropriate Professional Sec­ proposals, he proposed that an overall analysis be made retary to attend the annual meeting of the commission) of the demands made on and the resources available to in dealing with requests, 2) costs of the meetings of the the ICES Secretariat. For the present a step had been Advisory Committees (e.g. travel and per diem) in taken to alleviate the situation by proposing that a half­ dealing with requests. The General Secretary generally time position be established to help the General Secre­ attended the annual meetings of client commissions but tary. A comprehensive analysis of the Secretariat costs were met by ICES, this being a common courtesy would, however, take some time if it were to be under­ reciprocated by the executive secretaries of the com­ taken by the Bureau or within the terms of reference of missions at the ICES Annual Science Conference. Of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES. the costs incurred by ICES in providing information and advice to client commissions, about 60% was incurred The Delegate of Iceland supported the President's pro­ by the Secretariat with the rest being due to the Advi­ posals but was also in favour of taking a more substan­ sory Committees. The deficit, in terms of the costs of tial and immediate step. the work conducted by ICES and the payments made to ICES, for the fisheries-related comm1ss1ons in The President proposed that the matter of the working 1993/1994 amounted to about DKK 2.5 million. In conditions of the ICES Secretariat and those of the terms of cost recovery, NASCO was an exemplary cli­ General Secretary as referred to in Doc. C. M. ent commission whereas a number of others (e.g. 1995/Del:20 be considered in the terms of reference for IBSFC, NEAFC, and the EC) exhibited cost recoveries the BWG in 1996. of 3 7-54 % . The deficit in payment from the commis­ sions explained why the Secretariat was currently find­ At the invitation of the President, the General Secre­ ing it increasingly difficult to meet the demands placed tary provided a brief summary of Doc. C.M. on it to carry out both the Council's work programme 1995/Del:3 emphasising the points relevant of cost re­ as well as that of the commissions. The deficit of the covery from the client commissions of ICES and the commissions was being assimilated by national contri­ views of NASCO on the desirability of having an equi­ butions and the increasingly untaken overtime and leave table financial treatment by ICES of all commissions. (holidays and time-off in lieu) due to the Secretariat NASCO had become increasingly aware that the annual staff. contributions from client commissions to ICES repre­ sented a wide range of cost recovery, and that the The attention of Delegates was drawn to Doc. C.M. NASCO level of cost recovery was, at approximately 1995/Del:3 Addendum) a communication sent by the 100%, significantly greater than that applied to the US State Department via the US Embassy in Copenha­ other commissions. At the 1993 Council Meeting (81st gen (dated 21 September 1995) addressed to the General Statutory Meeting), the Secretary of NASCO had re­ Secretary. The document had been considered at the quested that NASCO's annual contribution to ICES, Finance Committee Meeting on Friday 22 September. with respect to its request to ICES for information and The US State Department was concerned that ICES advice, be reduced to a level of percentage cost recov­ policy of 100% cost recovery was currently being ap­ ery no greater than that paid by any other client com­ plied unevenly and urged ICES to implement a policy of mission. Accordingly, it was agreed that NASCO have equitable treatment of its client commissions. NASCO

50 had been paying 84 % of ICES costs while other com­ The Delegate of Finland referred to the second page of missions were paying less than 50 % . At its June 1995 Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:3 Addendum pointing out that Meeting, NASCO planned to make a payment to ICES there appeared to be some ambiguity concerning the based on the average percentage of costs charged to proposal by the Finance and Administration Committee other commissions, until such time as there was 100% of NASCO and NASCO itself. cost recovery from all commissions; this approach ap­ peared reasonable to the US Government until ICES The President further noted that the communication developed a more equitable payment system. from the US State Department was passed on to ICES by the US Embassy in Copenhagen but it was far from The General Secretary was concerned that NASCO's clear exactly who was responsible for sending the com­ proposed action would exacerbate an already precarious munication. situation for the Secretariat. Although he viewed the implementation of an equitable treatment of all com­ The General Secretary informed the Delegate of Fin­ missions as correct, it was important to emphasise that land that NASCO itself had agreed to budget DKK ICES had done its utmost to implement 100% cost re­ 249,500 to cover costs for 1996 but would only pay covery with the other commissions since September ICES in 1966 a sum equivalent to the average of the 1993 when NASCO had raised its concerns. All com­ percentage cost recovery received from the client missions had been notified of the Council's decision on comm1ss1ons. He considered this lamentable as 100% cost recovery. It required, however, about three NASCO, who had previously acted in an exemplary and years for intergovernmental organisations to mobilise responsible manner were now proposing not to honour funds in a budgetary cycle. their responsibilities. The situation regarding cost re­ covery from the commissions was changing continu­ The Chairman of the Finance Committee informed ously and it was difficult to use an average from a given Delegates that the Finance Committee had discussed the year and use it as a valid prognosis of the situation a matter of NASCO and equitable cost recovery at some year or two ahead of that time. length. The Committee had noted that the majority of the ministries acting as the Contracting Parties of ICES The Delegate of Finland that emphasised that the with­ were connected with fisheries rather than with environ­ holding of part of its payment by NASCO as indicated ment. In most Member Countries, there was a budget­ would produce a budget deficit. He hoped, however, ary separation between fisheries and environment al­ that NASCO's intention was rather a signal of possible though there were some, e.g. the USA, in which na­ action depending on decisions to be made at some later tional contributions were essentially independent of date. fishery or environment. Although cost recovery had first been put on the Council's agenda at the 1994 An­ The Delegate of the United States did not presume to nual Science Conference (82nd Statutory Meeting), all speak on behalf of NASCO, but given that NASCO had client commissions had been requested to provide tan­ budgeted DKK 249,500 he interpreted it as an indication gible evidence of moving towards 100% cost recovery of willingness to pay provided one was satisfied that in 1996/1997. The Committee had recommended that: appropriate progress was made towards achieving equi­ ICES should remain firm on its decision to attain 100% table cost recovery among all client commissions. Al­ cost recovery as soon as possible from client commis­ though the General Secretary considered that the pro­ sions; all commissions should be treated equitably by posed withholding of part of the payment to ICES was a ICES in terms of cost recovery percentages; the retrograde step, he noted that NASCO had also agreed OSPARCOM - ICES MoU should form the model for with the ICES goal of 100% cost recovery. Thus agreements between ICES and other client commis­ NASCO had probably been more supportive of ICES sions; all requests for information and advice should be cost recovery policy than the majority of ICES client costed into their component parts, and that the commis­ commissions. He was grateful to the General Secretary sions exhibiting low cost recovery should be requested for issuing the US communication as an official ICES to indicate which of the work items requested for ICES document in the form of an Addendum to Doc. C.M. to provide information and advice on should be given 1995/Del:3, as the official position of the US Govern­ priority within the limits of the payments made; ICES ment was that NASCO should be treated on an equal should develop a clear policy on cost recovery in the footing with the other commissions rather than being form of a document which represented a consensus required to pay a higher rate of cost recovery than the among Delegates, and Delegates should assist in provid­ other commissions. The US was particularly concerned ing input on the views of the legitimate authorities in as the only significant resource management advice it their countries regarding cost recovery, it should be receives from ICES is through NASCO, and it was made clear what advice should be paid for, and the dif­ considered incorrect for NASCO to pay a higher rate ficulties faced by ICES in carrying out its tasks when for such advice than other commissions. Thus, he the work programmes expected of ICES by client viewed NASCO and the US as being the ally of ICES commissions did not reflect the payments made by such with regard to its cost recovery goals. ICES problems commissions. were not primarily with NASCO but with the commis-

51 sions which paid at lower cost recovery rates. The US to 100%, then further lowered NASCO's level below Government supported ICES in this context, but ICES 85%. should recognise that NASCO had a legitimate claim for fair-treatment. On these grounds he could not support The Delegate of Ireland appreciated the difficulties the statement "However, it was urged that ICES should faced by the Finance Committee, but urged ICES to not agree to any further decrease in cost recovery from show some further flexibility in its position with NASCO" in the Report of the Finance Committee. He NASCO. He supported most of the views provided by wished to see flexibility rather than inflexibility prac­ the Delegate of the United States, and considered that tised in any future negotiations regarding the situation NASCO could, at some great cost, develop a scientific with NASCO while making overall progress towards advisory capability that currently was provided by ICES goal of 100% cost recovery. Good. relationships ICES. Although NASCO might carry out such a move, should be maintained with NASCO rather than have the great strength of ICES was its interdisciplinary sci­ NASCO establish its own scientific infrastructure with ence where salmon were dealt with in a wider scientific regard to scientific assessments or advice. NASCO context (e.g. multispecies interactions), and its scientific would be ill advised to do so as it would be expensive independence from political influence. He believed that and wasteful, and ICES would risk being undermined or NASCO, and some other client commissions, probably alienated in the minds of several of the governments needed some reassurance that the proposed restructuring which currently strongly supported it. He firmly advised of ICES would not compromise ICES ability to serve careful consideration of ICES response to NASCO, and client commissions. that ICES and NASCO enter into sincere negotiations with a view to resolving a difficult situation. He urged The Delegate of Germany noted that cost recovery that formal decisions be avoided at this stage in order to from client commissions was generally considered in allow the President and the General Secretary a "free­ terms of percentages, i.e. what proportion of the cost of hand" to work towards achieving 100% cost recovery ICES carrying out the tasks in response to the particular while simultaneously addressing legitimate concerns commission's requests were covered by the payments about equitable treatment. made by that commission. It was further necessary, however, to carefully compare the matrix of the sum of The Delegate of the Netherlands supported the views costs of all the commissions as well as ICES to ensure expressed by the Delegate of the United States. He un­ that ICES did not make a profit and thus overcharge the derlined the importance of examining the situation of commissions. Great care had to be exercised to avoid a the client commissions which exhibited low percentage situation whereby a national budget commissioner con­ cost recoveries and ICES apparent inability to raise the sidered that countries were being overcharged. He pro­ level of their contributions. It was also necessary to posed that the Council's Auditors (KPMG C.Jespersen) consider to what extent ICES was providing the advice be requested to provide advice as to how a "safety­ that such commissions expected and were there any al­ check" might be brought in to ensure that overcharging ternative sources for the commissions to turn to, other did not occur. Finally, he considered that ICES had, than ICES, for their advice. If ICES was providing according to the data available, already documented a good advice and was the unique source of advice then clear willingness to treat NASCO more equitably than one should press for substantially increased cost recov­ previously, as there was now not such a large gap be­ ery levels. On the other hand, should ICES advice ap­ tween NASCO and the other client commissions, but he pear wanting then one should take determined steps to expected that further progress would undoubtedly occur improve the advisory system. Steps should be taken to during the course of 1996. find out more about the commissions' views of the quality of ICES advice. The Delegate of Denmark, as a Member of the Finance Committee, underlined the importance of concentrating The Chairman of the Finance Committee recognised on the set of principles that would be applied in apply­ the position of the Delegate of the United States regard­ ing ICES policy of 100% cost recovery. However, it ing NASCO and his inability to support the Finance was necessary for ICES to further consider whether Committee's view that NASCO should not be allowed ACFM would be maintained to evaluate the reports and to further reduce its level of cost recovery below the provide quality assurance of the work of the Stock As­ current level of about 85% . The Finance Committee sessment Working Groups even if the commissions did had, however, to uphold the Council's position with not turn to ICES for advice. How much of the ACFM respect to OSPARCOM with whom it had agreed to Report and its various associated documents would abide by the recently signed MoU whereby it was im­ ICES produce in the absence of the business provided plicit that ICES would expect 100% cost recovery. Doc. by client commissions? It would be necessary to get all C.M. 1995/Del:3 clearly indicated that OSPARCOM's these details down on paper in order to gain further na­ contribution for 1995/1996 would represent about 100% tional critique and support for ICES position. With a cost recovery. ICES could face the wrath of OSPAR­ view to negotiations on cost recovery from NASCO, he COM if it, in raising OSPARCOM's cost recovery level believed that ICES should adopt a hard negotiating line but conceded that allowing NASCO to move to the av-

52 erage percentage cost recovery of the client commis­ The Delegate of the United States considered that the sions would cost ICES no more than DKK 100,000. He discussion which had taken place was most useful in proposed that ICES be forthright in its negotiations with clarifying the views of Delegates with respect to all the commissions but settled at some equitable level NASCO. However, he hoped that the President and the for NASCO and the other commissions. General Secretary would take steps to meet high-level representatives of NASCO in order to start discussions The President warned against any move that would that would lead to a resolution of the situation. The undermine the current good relationship with OSPAR­ President and the General Secretary should be given the COM. necessary freedom to propose a settlement that would be mutually acceptable to both ICES and NASCO. The General Secretary, replying to an earlier comment by the Delegate of Germany, pointed out that the Secre­ The President thanked Delegates for providing guid­ tariat were very aware of the need to insert a system of ance as to the manner in which he and the General Sec­ "checks and balances" in the costing of the client retary should proceed with the matter of satisfying commissions. Currently a spreadsheet check of the col­ NASCO's desire for equity while at the same time umns and rows was applied with ICES as well as the moving towards a policy of 100% cost recovery with commissions included in the matrix in order to avoid client commissions. It was necessary to be aware of the tallies over 100% occurring. With regard to ACFM variation in the absolute and relative levels of the con­ costs, the new Baltic Member Countries were paying a tributions from the client commissions: NASCO and special sliding-scale national contribution to ICES which IBSFC currently paid similar amounts to ICES annually would eventually rise to a single share in the Council's but had quite different levels of percentage cost recov­ scheme of shares, and thus ICES should recuperate such ery of about 40% and 80% respectively, whereas a "subsidy" in terms of the costs of the Advisory NEAFC and the EC paid several times more than Committees from client commissions. Returning to NASCO and IBSFC and exhibited cost recovery levels NASCO, he noted that NASCO had occasionally re­ of about 40% and 55% respectively. The General Secre­ ferred to being charged 101 % by ICES. The costing tary had already personally informed IBSFC at its Sep­ system as used in 1993 provided estimates that, in tember 1995 Meeting of its low level of cost recovery hindsight, probably had an uncertainty of about 5 % and and requested that appropriate steps be taken to address the NASCO level was within the margin of error. By the matter. He and the General Secretary would meet the end of 1996 it was expected that the cost recovery high-level representatives of NEAFC, NASCO and the from NASCO would probably be of the order of 75- EC in November and December 1995. The intention 80%. Thus, thecost recovery fromNASCO would have was to maintain good working relationships with all fallen substantially over a relatively short period. client commissions while simultaneously expecting that even the less well-off commissions should raise propor­ The Delegate of the United Kingdom emphasised that tionate cost recovery levels. most of the work underpinning the advice provided by ICES to NASCO was done by the North Atlantic The Council endorsed the President's proposal to start Salmon Working Group. The Working Group could negotiations with client commissions as soon as possible probably be duplicated by NASCO should it desire to do with a view to achieving an equitable treatment of all so independently of ICES as costs were covered at na­ commissions and to raising the absolute and relative tional expense for the travel and per diem of the Work­ levels of cost recovery received by ICES. ing Group. The real expenses were incurred in setting up the objective and independent vetting based on con­ Returning to the Budget for 1995/1996, the President sensus in ACFM. Other costly expenses that otherwise reminded Delegates that the proposals submitted in Doc. would have to be payed for directly NASCO were those C.M. 1995/Del:5 had been supported by the Finance associated with producing and printing the reports and Committee. He hoped that 1995/1996 would already see providing secretarial assistance. As NASCO paid ICES some tangible progress towards 100% cost recovery for for the latter aspects on a non-profit basis, it would be ICES as well as equitable financial treatment of client very difficult for NASCO to set up a similar apparatus commissions. In the meanwhile, as the exact details of outside of ICES; even if it did, the costs would still any agreements regarding cost recovery and equity had have to be met. He proposed that the President and yet to be determined through meetings and negotiations General Secretary provide NASCO with some ideas as with client commissions, he recommended that the to what steps would be made in the near future to raise Budget for 1995/1996 be adopted by the Council. the cost recovery levels of the other commissions. As 1996 was targeted as "year one" of moving the com­ The Budget for 1995/1996 was unanimously approved missions in a tangible manner towards 100 % cost re­ by the Council through a roll-call vote. covery, it was essential that negotiations also be initi­ ated with the other client commissions in 1996.

53 Agenda Item 17 .5 Forecast Budget for Financial whether the engagement might be extended for the sake Year 1996/1997 of continuity.

The Chairman of the Finance Committee referred to The President stated that the General Secretary had Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:6, and noted that it was proposed indicated that it was standard practice in Denmark to to keep national contributions for 1996/1997 at the same extend the engagement of auditors on an annual basis. level as in the previous year. There would be a 2.0% The Council had determined at the 1994 Annual Science rise in the cost of living and inflation in Denmark and Conference (82nd Statutory Meeting) that the current thus a sum of DKK 288,750 to cover the national con­ Agenda Item be included on the Agenda of the Dele­ tributions for 1996/1997 would be drawn from the gates Meeting each year. Capital Reserve Fund in accordance with the approved use of the 1993/1994 excess of income over expendi­ The Council endorsed the appointment of KPMG ture. However, a 2.0% increase would be passed on to C.Jespersen as ICES Auditor for 1995/1996. the contributions from the client commissions and the special contribution from the Faroe Islands and Green­ Agenda Item 18 REPORT OF PUBLICATIONS land. Otherwise, there were minimal increases in most COMMITTEE Expenditure items. 1996/1997 had been targeted as the first year for achieving increased cost recovery from The Chairman of the Publications Committee pre­ client commissions, but the Committee had agreed that sented the Committee's Report and drew attention to achieving increases would depend on difficult negotia­ several main points of the discussions that had occurred. tions between ICES and the commissions. It was urged The extensive Agenda, connected with the increased that the MoU between ICES and OSPARCOM be used emphasis given to publications recently, made it diffi­ as a model template for agreements with the other cult to deal with the Committee's business in the half­ commissions. The Committee considered that a reason­ day period allotted. The Committee recognised that able amount of the increased cost recovery received more business should be done intersessionally but con­ from the commissions in the future be used to offset sidered that more time was needed for its meeting at the increases in national contributions but cautioned that it Annual Science Conference. was necessary to prevent erosion of Secretariat staff salaries as inflation and cost of living increases in Den­ The Committee considered that 1994/1995 had been a mark had to be covered. The Capital Reserve Fund was very active and successful year for ICES publications. small compared with similar intergovernmental organi­ The ICES Journal had published three issues as well as sations. a double issue which included the Symposium on Zooplankton Production, the first Symposium to be The Finance Committee had recommended that the draft published as part of the ICES Journal. Preparation of Forecast Budget for 1996/1997 be adopted by the the proceedings from the Symposium on Fisheries and Council. Plankton Acoustics in Aberdeen and the Symposium on Changes in the North Sea Ecosystem and its Causes: The Delegate of the United States viewed the Forecast Aarhus 1975 Revisited were progressing well and would Budget for 1996/1997 as being a very positive statement be published within 12 months of the Symposia having on the part of ICES with regard to its fiscal responsibil­ been held. The Joint NAFO/ICES Symposium on the ity. The United States particularly welcomed the lack of Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem had been increase in national contributions, and commended the held in early September and the proceedings would be General Secretary and the Bureau for its endeavour at a published by NAFO with due acknowledgement to time of global budgetary restriction. ICES. As the last of the ICES Marine Science Symposia series published outside of the ICES Journal, the Sym­ The Budget for 1996/1997 was unanimously approved posium on Cod and Climate Change had been published by the Council through a roll-call vote. about a year after it had been held, the Symposium on Shellfish Life Histories and Shellfishery Models had Agenda Item 17.6 Appointment of Auditors for been published after a lengthy delay, and the Sympo­ 1995/1996 sium on Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish was due to be published in a month's time after some delay. The Chairman of the Finance Committee noted that the Committee was most satisfied with the manner in Publishing the ICES Fisheries Statistics had been a re­ which the auditors, KPMG C.Jespersen, had conducted occurring problem but the Bureau had determined that its business on behalf of the Council during the past publication should occur within a reasonable time even year. The Committee recommended that the Council's if some Member Countries had been unable to submit Auditors be appointed for another year. timely or reliable data. The Publications Committee had discussed the possibility of issuing the best ICES esti­ The Delegate of Spain noted that the arrangement with mates of outstanding data but had some reservations the Auditors was on an annual basis and wondered about doing so although it was anxious that publication

54 occurred without further delay. With regard to the ICES pressed differing opmtons on whether the widening Oceanographic Data Lists and Inventories the Commit­ scope of recent ICES activities, e.g. economic and so­ tee had endorsed the proposal that the traditional mode cial sciences, should find a home in the ICES Journal. of publication on paper was no longer the most suitable The general conclusion was that it would be too danger­ and that it should be moved to the ICES Home Page on ous to move too rapidly to expand the scope of the ICES the Internet World Wide Web. Income from the sale of Journal as it might have unforeseen repercussions for ICES publications had been very satisfactory, but it was the current achievements regarding quality and niche. hoped that arrangements with Academic Press allowing However, it was recognised that natural evolution was the ICES Secretariat to sell Symposia proceedings di­ occurring in the ICES scientific community and in the rectly in the future would keep sales income at an ap­ scope of ICES Symposia and that the issue of discipli­ preciable level. nary scope should be kept under review.

The Editors Report for the ICES Journal indicated that A large number of issues of the ICES Cooperative Re­ issues were generally being produced on schedule, and search Report series had occurred in 1994/1995 and that the steady submission of about 85 manuscripts per included the Report of the then Study Group on the year was quite acceptable but not outstanding. The re­ Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities and the 1994 jection rate of about 20 % for submitted manuscripts was Code of Practice on the Introduction and Transfer of probably rather lower than normal for the quality of Marine Organisms which had been produced in English publication that one was striving for. Referees were still and French. The slowness of production of the ICES returning manuscripts to the Editors after too long a Identification Leaflets on Diseases and Parasites of Fish delay and some ways to redress the problem were con­ and Shellfish had given rise to concern, but there were sidered. The Editors and the Committee were of no some signs that the Editor of the series had at last been doubt that the inclusion of the ICES Symposia series in able to document some welcome progress in the prepa­ the ICES Journal would increase its attraction, and that ration of manuscripts. There was little doubt that the the choice of relatively novel Symposia (e.g. ecology of leaflets on diseases were in demand, and the Committee seabirds and benthos) would promCite greater sales and had solicited the help of the Consultative Committee in enhance the prestige of the ICES Journal. The impor­ ensuring the further progress in publication of _the leaf­ tance of annually arranging about two interesting Sym­ lets. posia as a means of increasing the profitability of the ICES Journal and sending appropriate signals about the New issues of ICES Techniques in Marine Environ­ continuing progress of ICES science could not be over­ mental Sciences (TIMES) had not been produced since emphasised. 1991, mainly due to the high workload of competing tasks placed on the ICES Secretariat. The Committee Academic Press' Publishers Report underlined the need noted the importance of the TIMES series and urged that to increase the number of manuscripts submitted and increased priority be given to publishing the six manu­ clearly noted the key role of the Symposia proceedings scripts which had accumulated; additional editorial as­ in this capacity. The ISI rating, judging the impact of sistance should be enlisted where necessary to ensure the ICES Journal in marine science, had increased over more timely publication. Consideration should also be the years but had exhibited a decline in the previous given to publishing some of the papers in the ICES year probably associated with a temporary loss of rec­ Journal. ognition when the switch in name occurred from the Journal du Conseil. There were signs, however, that the The Committee devoted considerable discussion to the ISI rating was climbing again. The Balance Sheet for topic of electronic publication and presentation and 1994 would show a small net loss but it was expected concluded that ICES should pursue such matters vigor­ that a small net profit would be made for the first time ously. It was obvious that positive steps were already in a year or two, but an accumulated loss over the years being taken by the ICES Secretariat, but further atten­ had to be made up. tion should be given to putting more publications and information about ICES activities on the World Wide The scope of the ICES Journal had been the subject of Web of Internet. The Committee firmly recommended much discussion in the Bureau and in the Publications that a comprehensive evaluation of the options available Committee. It was agreed that the geographical scope as well as the development of a strategic plan for fur­ should remain essentially unchanged as focusing on the ther progress in moving to a greater extent from a paper North Atlantic and adjacent seas, but it did not preclude to an electronic mode of publication and presentation. that papers from outside the area could be found accept­ able provided they fell within the specific science remit The President thanked the Chairman of the Publications of the ICES Journal and contributed to appropriate dis­ Committee for his extensive presentation. He expressed cussion. The issue of disciplinary scope of the ICES his regret as a Frenchman and as the Chairman of the Journal was more difficult to resolve: it had primarily Publications Committee at the time of the change in focused on marine fisheries ecology, marine ecology name, from French to English, of ICES premier publi­ and environmental sciences, but the Committee had ex- cation that the change had resulted in a temporary de-

55 cline in ISI ratings. The matter of recognition of the Diseases of Fish and Shellfish Leaflets. All other posi­ ICES Journal was important as a widening of the scope tions of responsibility in ICES were based on fixed-term of disciplines to include economics and sociology might appointments. He firmly supported the establishment of have unforeseen effects on the current readership. With three-year terms for the Editors of the Leaflets, in ac­ regard to electronic media, the Secretariat had already cord with practice established for the Editors of the set up an informative range of information on ICES ICES Journal and elsewhere in ICES. In cases where using the World Wide Web, and this included extensive the incumbents were conducting their duties in a less information on the scientific sessions (e.g. the Yellow than satisfactory manner, a fixed-term would allow of­ and Green Lists), and titles and abstracts of papers at fice-bearers to stand down gracefully without undue the 1995 Annual Science Conference. He hoped that acrimony. information on the various titles and abstr�cts might be presented in future on the World Wide Web as soon as The Council endorsed the proposal that three-year terms possible after the Programme Planning Group had met be established for the Editor of the ICES Identification in mid-summer. Leaflets for Plankton and the Editor of the ICES Identi­ fication Leaflets for Diseases and Parasites of Fish and The Delegate of Finland proposed that a small Ad Hoe Shellfish. Group be established to evaluate the options available, as well as determine the priorities, for greater utilisation After some further discussion, the Council resolved of appropriate electronic media, e.g. the World Wide that: Web and Internet, in providing better information about the work of ICES and its publications. An Ad Hoe Group on Documentation and Utilisation of Electronic Media in ICES will be established under the chair­ The President supported the proposal to establish an Ad manship of the Oceanography Secretary (Dr H.D. Dooley), Hoe Group for the purposes outlined but suggested that comprising appropriate colleagues in the ICES Secretariat, the the terms of reference for the group should also include Chairman of the Publications Committee (Dr M.P. Sissenwine, the function of the ICES Secretariat Library as elec­ USA), and Prof. P. Malkki (Finland), with a view to preparing a tronic information retrieval of ICES publications and discussion document on the various options available for utilis­ documents also needed to be studied. ing modern communications technology, including CD-ROM and the Internet, in the work of the ICES Secretariat. The The Delegate of the United Kingdom commended the document will include an evaluation of the resources required positive developments that had occurred with the ICES to implement any recommendations that are made. Meanwhile, Journal in recent years. The quality and scope of the the ICES Secretariat will continue to develop, in consultation papers published were very attractive. with Dr Sissenwine and Dr Malkki as necessary, services (particularly involving developments requiring insubstantial The Delegate of Canada viewed the scope of the ICES resources) on the Internet of use to the ICES community. Journal as being likely to further evolve and widen when the proceedings of the recently proposed Sympo­ The Discussion Document will be submitted initially to the Bu­ sium on Evaluation and Implementation of Management reau at its Mid-Term Meeting and then, in revised form if nec­ Strategies for Fisheries in an Uncertain World was pub­ essary, to the Publications Committee Meeting at the 1996 lished. The Symposium and the resulting proceedings Annual Science Conference. would attract papers which almost certainly would focus Agenda Item 19 REPORTS AND RECOMMEN­ on socio-economic aspects of fisheries science and man­ DATIONS OF CONSULTATIVE agement. Accordingly, he proposed that ICES avoided, COMMITTEE at this stage, making too restrictive statements about the relevance of particular aspects of marine science in the The Chairman of the Consultative Committee pre­ context of the scope of the ICES Journal. sented the Consultative Committee's Mid-Term (June 1995; C.M. 1995/Gen:4) and current Annual Science The Chairman of the Publications Committee stated Conference Reports. His comments, the ensuing dis­ that the Committee had recognised that several Theme cussion, and the Council's actions on the various items Sessions, Mini-Symposia and Symposia had or would and recommendations are summarised below. include socio-economic aspects of management science but had not ruled out selective publication in favour of a) Report of Mid-Term Meeting of the Com­ the more traditional ICES disciplines. The Committee mittee preferred "natural evolution" of the scope of the ICES Journal. The Mid-Term Meetings had only been instigated in recent years, mainly with a view to developing a more The General Secretary referred to Agenda Item 10 of attractive Annual Science Conference and to consider the Report of the Publications Committee in which it ways by which the structure and function of the Sub­ was proposed that fixed-term appointments be estab­ ject/Area Committees might be improved. The first lished for the Editors of the Plankton Leaflets and the point had been tackled rather successfully, while the

56 second point had proved well-nigh impossible for the A number of draft elements for the 1996 Annual Sci­ Committee to make tangible progress with and the task ence Conference in Iceland had been considered and was now a matter forthe BWG. these would be further examined in the Committees Re­ port from the 1995 Annual Science Conference. With reference to Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen:4, it was noted that a large amount of the Mid-Term Report of the In order to stimulate greater innovation from the Sub­ Committee related to Programme Planning for the 1995 ject/Area Committee Chairmen, the Mid-Term Meeting Annual Science Conference and should be judged retro­ of the Committee had involved grouping members into spectively when the Conference was concluded. A broad, multidisciplinary categories with a view to de­ "questionnaire" had been responded to by the members termining a range of topics for future Theme Sessions, of the Committee after the 1994 Annual Science Con­ Open Lectures etc. The list given on pages 5 and 6 of ference and indicated a firm majority in favour of the the Report was likely to provide useful input for further changes that had been made for the 1994 Annual Sci­ developing Annual Science Conferences as well as ence Conference; the ICES Secretariat and the hosts in broader co-operation within ICES. St John's, Newfoundland, were highly commended for their first-class contributions. Symposia arrangements for 1996 and 1997 have been discussed at length, and a great deal of progress had The Committee also briefly summarised the quantity been made recently in identifying some areas that were and quality of Annual Science Conference papers and new for ICES to organise Symposia. These would be some aspects of presentation and timing of the scientific further elaborated on in the Committee's Report from sessions. Although a decision had been taken in 1994 to the 1995 Annual Science Conference. reduce the number of copies of papers in the documents room to save resources and wastage, the attraction of The Advisory Committees made tangible contributions the new-style Theme Sessions, in particular, had re­ to the 1995 Mid-Term Meeting of the Committee and sulted in there being too few copies of important papers matters of specific importance to ACFM and ACME available. The same did not apply, however, to Assess­ were highlighted on pages 8-10 of the Report. ment and Study/Working Group papers. As a result, one had gone back to the previous arrangements regard­ • With regard to ACME, the attention of Delegates ing the provision of more copies of the scientificpapers. was drawn to the situation facing the QUASIMEME Savings in money and on the demands placed on the project which was associated with the Marine ICES Secretariat had been made though by not sending Chemistry Working Group, on the one hand, and the copies of scientific papers to the national members of European Commission, on the other hand. The Subject/ Area Committees, as it was quite clear that a funding of intercomparison exercises was likely to substantial number of the members either did not attend change owing to new arrangements, including the Annual Science Conference or did not use them to greater privatisation, being implemented in the prepare specifically for debates. Poster sessions were European Commission/QUASIMEME. Database still viewed as disappointing in number and quality and strategies were discussed broadly within ACME, more effort needed to be spent on improving them. particularly related to matters of relevance to the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat Databases. ACME For the 1995 Annual Science Conference, it was clear particularly recommended that ICES establish a that an exciting agenda had been established for the sci­ benthos database. Environmental monitoring was of entific sessions. It was proposed that Theme Session U increasing interest to ACME and Doc. CM should include a) an overview of items from the Advi­ 1995/Gen:7 further highlighted ACME's views. sory Committees that were of strategic importance, b) • With regard to ACFM, three particular matters of to briefly highlight the main results from the importance to the way in which ACFM functions Theme/Joint and Mini-Symposium Sessions, and c) re­ were emphasised. First, evolution had occurred in view the deliberations of the Bureau Working Group on the manner in which the advice was presented in the the Structure of ICES, should this be amenable to Dele­ ACFM report, making it more "user friendly". Sec­ gates. While it was clearly evident in the last few years ond, discussion had taken place about the Methods that most papers were submitted for Theme/Joint Ses­ Working Group, the Multispecies Assessment sions, a substantial reversal had been noted for 1995 Working Group, and the Long-Term Management towards papers for Subject/ Area Committees. A further Working Group, ending in the proposal that a Com­ step towards synchronous timing of papers in the vari­ prehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group be ous scientific sessions had been taken this year, enabling established to replace them; the proposal was en­ greater possibilities for movement between sessions; the dorsed by the Consultative Committee. Third, "Green List" of Agenda and Timetables were invalu­ ACFM proposed that it should adopt different able in setting up an increasingly professional Annual working procedures in the future to facilitate speedy Science Conference. and efficient review of Assessment Working Group reports; Delegates should be aware of the implica­ tions of the future changes and should carefully ex-

57 amine the ACFM recommendations when these were ducing the freight of papers and reports to Canada. He submitted for approval. Finally, an Ad Hoe Group invited further experiment by having copies of papers (comprising the Chairman of the Consultative and reports for the 1996 Annual Science Conference in Committee, the Chairmen of ACFM and ACME, Iceland printed at the venue itself; this might provide the President, the General Secretary, and the Pro­ substantial savings. Furthermore, should stocks dimin­ fessional Secretaries) of the Consultative Committee ish too quickly, the Icelandic hosts of the 1996 Annual had been formed at the 1995 Mid-Term Meeting to Science Conference could arrange for stocks to be re­ examine the general question of closer working re­ plenished overnight. lationships between the two Advisory Committees and the manner in which they responded to requests The President expressed his appreciation of the pro­ for information and advice from "client" commis­ posal by Iceland and encouraged the ICES Secretariat to sions. followthe matter up. The Committee remained concerned about the large number of Study/Working Groups, their life-span, and b) Report of the Committee at the 1995 Annual how one should objectively appraise their establishment. Science Conference A proposal as to how one may make progress with this Ele i n f New Chairm n matter would be forthcoming with the Recommenda­ ct o o e tions from the 1995 Annual Science Conference. Mr E. Aaro (Finland), Mr F.A. van Beek (Netherlands), Dr P. Matthiessen, (UK), Dr H. Rumohr Future, emerging work topics for ICES to consider, (Germany), Dr P.A.M. Stewart (UK) were elected both in terms of Programme Planning and for possible Chairmen of the Baltic Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine consideration by Study/Working Groups or even Environmental Quality, Biological Oceanography, and Committees were highlighted on page 14 of the Mid­ Fish Capture Committees, respectively, for three-year Term Report of the Consultative Committee. The Re­ terms. port of the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat Data­ bases was given substantial attention and the need for R view of m i - u s on anic v ri Delegates to determine how the proposals should be e the es/top cs sub gro p oce a ­ li s in l r o r a al zon i followed-up was underlined. The co-operation between abi ty, su ta ab e es u ces, and co st e stud es ICES and the British Marine Fishes Database was ex­ A list of science topics collated from the Reports of the amined and ACFM and ACME had been tasked with Consultative Committee and the BWG was brought to identifying the optimal way in which data about non­ the attention of Delegates. The list was considered to be economically important fish species should be further a valuable illustration of range of topics which could be developed to meet ICES interests. used to select and prioritise appropriate ICES activities (e.g. Symposia, Theme Sessions) in the future. The Committee approved of the General Secretary's efforts to increase the degree of awareness regarding Scientific Sessions for 1996 Annual Science C nfer­ co-operation with other international organisations. o ence, Reyk vik land There was general agreement that ICES has a role to ja , Ice play in co-ordinating seagoing international programmes The Consultative Committee recommended following and that management of the resulting data should be scientific programme encouraged; here it was anticipated that ICES would take a lead role in GLOBEC. • Open Lecture: "Physical and Biological Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation" by Dr R.R. Dickson Mr J. M0ller Christensen had informed the Committee (UK) on the steps being taken to increase the information • Mini-Symposium: "Ecosystem Effects of Fisheries", flow about ICES activities. ACFM, ACME, and the Convenor: Mr H. Gislason (Denmark). Consultative Committee generally endorsed the initia­ • Theme Sessions: tives being taken and felt that the press releases that had a) "The North Atlantic Components of Global been issued were perfectly satisfactory and creative. Programmes: Lessons to ICES-GLOBEC There was, however, concern that information issued from WOCE/JGOFS". Co-Convenors: about ACFM activities just prior to their meetings was Prof. B. Zeitzschel (Germany) and Dr W.J. not conducive to ACFM members being able to work Gould (UK); satisfactorily without being put under political pressure. b) "Management Faced with Multiple Objec­ tives". Co-Convenors: Prof. J. Pope (UK) The President thanked the Chairman of the Consulta­ and Dr R.L. Stephenson (Canada) with tive Committee for his comprehensive presentation and Keynote Lecture by Dr A. Laurec invited comment and discussion. (DGXIV, EC); c) "Reproductive Disturbances of Marine The Delegate of Iceland had noted the experiment con­ Species - Causes and Effects". Convenor: ducted for the 1994 Annual Science Conference in re- Dr J. McDowell Capuzzo (USA)

58 d) "Results of Baseline Study of Contaminants ICES Symposia in 1996. 1997 and 1998 in Baltic Sediments". Convenor: Prof. M. Perttila; The Council approved the recommendations that: e) "The Shelf Edge Current and its Effects on • A Symposium on "The Role of Physical and Biologi­ Fish Stocks (including results from EC­ cal Processes in the Recruitment Dynamics of Marine SEFOS)". Convenor: Dr D. Reid (UK). Populations" (Co-Convenors: Dr M.J. Fogarty, USA, f) "Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Resto­ Mr H. Loeng, Norway, Prof. T. Osborn, USA, and ration Programmes: A Time for Evalua­ Prof. J.G. Shepherd, UK) will be held in conjunction tion". Co-Convenors: Dr D. Kimball with the 1997 ICES Annual Science Conference in (USA), Mr P. Roche (France) and Mr the USA; E.C.E. Potter (UK). • A Symposium on "The Temporal Variability of Plankton and their Physico-Chemical Environment" A Programme Planning Group would meet, rather than be held in Kiel (Germany), for three days in spring having a Mid-Term Meeting of the Consultative 1997 with Prof. T. Smayda (USA) and Prof. F. Colijn Committee, for the purposes detailed in C.Res./1995. (Germany) as Co-Convenors; The Group would note that the Committee had proposed • A Symposium on "The Evaluation and Implementa­ that the business sessions of the Subject/ Area Commit­ tion of Management Strategies for Fisheries in an tees should be concentrated as near to the beginning or Uncertain World" be held for four days in 1998, at a the end of the programme as possible. time and venue to be decided, with Dr T.K. Stokes (UK), Dr R.L. Stephenson (Canada), Dr J. McKoy Sci ntific Sessions for 1997 Ann l ience Confer­ e ua Sc (New Zealand), Dr J. Harwood (UK), and one South nc ni S s e e. U ted tate African nominee as Co-Convenors; • A Symposium on "Benthos Ecology" (tentative title) A preliminary list of suggestions for the Open Lecture, be held in Crete for four days in April I 998 with Mini-Symposium, and Theme/Joint Sessions as included Prof. A. Eleftheriou (Greece), and Dr P. Kingston in Agenda Item 8 in the Report of the Consultative (UK) as Co-Convenors. Committee was brought to the attention of Delegates. It was pointed out that the Committee would make a final A Joint ICES/NASCO Symposium "Interactions be­ selection at the 1996 Annual Science Conference in tween Wild and Reared Salmon: The Scientific and Iceland. Management Issues", approved in 1994, will be held in Bath (UK) from 17-22 April 1997 with Mr A. Youngson The Delegates of Norway and Spain considered it im­ (UK), Dr L.P. Hansen (Norway) and Dr M. Windsor portant that the Theme Session on By-Catch of Marine (NASCO) as Co-Convenors. Mammals, Gear Technology, Behaviour and Kill Rates be expanded to include seabirds and turtles. The Dele­ Matters Concerning Publications gate of the Netherlands considered that benthos should also be examined in the Theme Session and noted the The Committee had been informed of the important be�efit of having a title which would be relevant in the connection between promoting attractive and high­ context of the Fifth North Sea Conference. The Dele­ calibre Symposia and the publication of proceedings in gate of the United States acknowledged the importance the ICES Journal. The Chairmen of the Pelagic Fish, of obtaining greater knowledge on the by-catch of sev­ Demersal Fish, Shellfish, and Mariculture Committees eral marine taxa but cautioned against arranging a ses­ were urged to provide assistance in soliciting suita le sion which might be difficult to focus and demand ex­ � contributions to the ICES IdentificationLeaflets for Dis­ cessive time; he favoured concentrating on marine eases andParasites of Fish and Shellfish. mammals. In conclusion, the Chairman of the Consultative The Delegate of Ireland considered that the proposed Committee expressed his gratitude to the ICES Profes­ Theme Session on Salmonid Extinction: Threats on Lo­ sional Secretaries and the General Secretary for produc­ cal and Global Scales should be retitled Threats to Sal­ ing the Comniittees Report by working throughout the monids on Local and Global Scales. night following the Committee's last session. He firmly proposed that the presentation of the Report of the C n­ In response to a query from the Delegate of Canada as ? sultative Committee be a fixed item for the final session to whether the proposed Theme Session on Tagging of the Delegates Meeting thereby allowing the Chair­ might be held in 1996, the Chairman of the Consulta­ man of the Consultative Committee and the Secretariat tive Committee replied that the session was associated the benefits producing the report under more acceptable with an EC Concerted Action Project which would working conditions. probably provide major results before 1997. The proposal of the Chairman of the Consultative Committee was supported by the Delegate of the

59 United Kingdom who also favoured dealing with Rec­ ACFM, also attached to the Consultative Committee on ommendations at the final session of the Delegates account of the need for the group to bridge science and Meeting as it allowed additional time for more careful advice. scrutiny. The Delegate of the United States, seconded the proposal as he was also aware, as Chairman of the The Delegate of the United States expressed his con­ Publications Committee, that the Report of the Publica­ cern that the change in working procedures being im­ tions Committee had also been produced by the Secre­ plemented in ACFM by using sub-groups to review the tariat under inopportune circumstances. reports of particular assessment Working Groups and to prepare the first drafts of report of ACFM. He cautioned The President proposed, and the Council agreed, to that several dangers were likely to arise: a) the peer­ adopt the recommendation by the Chairmap. of the Con­ review and consensus which had served ICES well in sultative Committee that the Report of the Consultative having its advice accepted by governments and interna­ Committee be presented in future at the final session of tional regulatory commissions could be weakened, and the Delegates Meeting. b) national representatives or experts would be more likely to only participate in the reviews of the particular c) Recommendations by Advisory and Sub- Working Groups that were most relevant for national ject/ Area Committees interests. In the case of the United States, an example was the Sub-Group dealing with salmon which was the The Chairman of the Consultative Committee drew at­ only one providing advice to an ICES client commission tention to the various comments made by the Consulta­ in which the United States was a Contracting Party. He tive Committee when considering the recommendations acknowledged that the changes being advanced were submitted by the various Subject/Area Committees and likely to provide some pragmatic benefits in terms of Advisory Committees (see Report of Consultative ACFM carrying out its tasks speedily and in a manner Committee, Agenda Item 20). Referencewas made to the that did not increase costs for the Council. Nevertheless, various Groups that had been dissolved, established or the credibility of the advisory process might be under­ renamed. mined.

The Delegate of the United Kingdom expressed con­ The Delegate of Iceland believed that the new working cern about the number of Study/Working Groups in exis­ procedures had arisen from necessity in order to allow tence. He commended the Secretariat on providing the ACFM to cope with the amount of work that it faced. He statistics in Item 20 of the Report of the Consultative viewed the new working procedure as an experiment Committee, but suggested that the Secretariat might which needed to be carefully scrutinised and reviewed in consider including an overview of the number of meet­ due course. Referring back to Agenda Item 11 of the ing days involved in a particular year. Originally Study Delegates Meeting, he noted from Doc. C.M. Groups had been established as a supplement to Working 1995/Del: 14 that the North Sea Conference appeared to Groups with the intention of being able to disband have decided that the "precautionary principle" be ap­ groups after a maximum life-span of three years or ear­ plied in fisheries management of the North Sea. He con­ lier should they have carried out their terms of reference sidered it important that ACFM or one of its subsidiary more quickly. However, current information indicated Working Groups considered the way that application of that the increase in ICES groups was primarily due to a the "precautionary principle" would affect the advice proliferation in Working Groups rather than in Study given by ICES. Groups. The President emphasised that so far the North Sea The Chairman of the Consultative Committee stated Conference process had been limited to the attention of that he intended to carefully review the activities and the Environment Ministers but that the Fishery Ministers output of Study/Working Groups on the basis of objec­ would now be invited to join their colleagues to address tive and agreed criteria. He expected to be able to start fisheries- environment interactions. the process during 1996. The Delegate of Germany agreed with the concerns Consultative Committee expressed by the Delegate of the United States regarding the inherent dangers posed by changing the working pro­ The various recommendations originating from the Con­ cedures of ACFM. It would now be possible for mem­ sultative Committee were adopted by the Council as bers of assessment Working Groups to be involved in the C.Res.1995/2:6 - 2: 12 review of their own reports; it could result in a basic in­ compatibility of ethical working protocols. Another ACFM matter that arose was whether Members as well as Alter­ nates of ACFM should be "interwoven" in the new proc­ The Delegate of Norway considered that a case could be ess. The General Secretary had recently notified Dele­ made for having the Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation gates that the Rules of Procedure should be interpreted as Working Group, which would be the responsibility of allowing either the Member or the Alternate, but not

60 both, to be present at an Advisory Committee Meeting. ACME There was an increased likelihood that the new proce­ dures would lead to imbalance and less objectivity in the The Delegate of France acknowledged the important advisory process. work carried out by the Marine Chemistry Working Group, but considered that some thought should be de­ The Delegate of Denmark pointed out that the current voted in the future to reducing the high costs associated reality of ACFM's work was that it already broke into with the attendance at each meeting of a substantial Sub-Groups to deal with its work. Plenum sessions then number of participants from several Member Countries considered the draft proposals submitted from the Sub­ such as his own. As the Working Group primarily ad­ Groups. He believed that the new procedures would dressed metals and organic pollutants and associated make the process more transparent, but agreed that the carbon, he queried whether some annual focusing on one experiment needed to be followedcritically. particular topic might be implemented rather than deal­ ing with all topics simultaneously. The Delegate of the Netherlands responded to the comment by the Delegate of Iceland by underlining that The recommendations originating from ACME were the individual governments involved in the North Sea adopted by the Council as C.Res.1995/2:14:l - 2:14:10. Conference process were represented by their Environ­ ment Ministers. The views expressed in the North Sea Fish Capture Committee Conference were to be considered as those of the gov­ ernments rather than the individual representatives. He The Delegate of the Netherlands noted that there was supported the view that the precautionary principle m some criticism from the fishing industry regarding the fisheryadvice be further defined in ICES. actual transfer of ideas from scientists working in the field of fishing gear technology into practical use. He The Fishery Secretary noted that the client commis­ urged that ICES work to maintain an auspicious balance sions were encouraged to provide a clear statement of between developing gear for survey and experimental their objectives in managing fisheries. The management fishing, on the one hand, and actually being of service to objectives of the various commissions requesting advice commercial fishing, on the other hand. Finally, he que­ from ICES were then built into the terms of reference of ried the extent to which it was necessary to have four the Working Groups tasked with addressing the particu­ Study/Working Groups meeting at essentially the same lar scientific issues. Some commissions had clear man­ time and at the same venue. agement objectives while others were less clear. He noted that ACFM already had a precautionary principle, The Chairman of the Consultative Committee stated which was described in a published document, and that it that the Study/Working Groups were arranging to meet exercised a precautionary principle in giving advice. at Wood Hole, USA, on a series of overlapping dates to enhance exchange of information and to provide better The Delegate of Canada proposed that the Bureau co-ordination. He pointed out that Study/Working Working Group on the Structure of ICES should address Groups under the Fish Capture Committee had a long the issue of adopting particular standards of peer-review tradition of providing good service to the fishing indus­ in the provision of advice from ICES to governments try, as seen from work on the development of appropri­ and commissions. ate mesh sizes for safeguarding spawning stocks and in improving selectivity in single and mixed species fisher­ The Delegate of the United States urged that the terms ies. Currently, a substantial amount of effort was being of reference of the Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation devoted to research and development of methodology. Working Group be modified to address particular case studies in the whole ICES area rather than in given areas. The Delegate of Norway spoke as a previous Chairman of the Fish Capture Committee in support of the practical After some further discussion, it was agreed that the applicability of the acoustics and gear development work terms of reference of the Comprehensive Fishery carried out by the particular Study/Working Groups. Evaluation Working Group be modified to I) take into account the future activities of Scientific Committees, The Delegate of Denmark considered that a substantial and 2) consider case studies reflecting the interests of the amount of the work conducted under the Fish Capture whole ICES area. It was further agreed that the Working Committee was of direct use to fishery assessment bi­ Group on the Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities ologists and regulatory commissions. There currently should include in its terms of reference consideration of appeared to be a close co-operation between the Fish the implications of applying the precautionary principle Capture Committee and the assessment related work of to fisheries activity. ICES.

The recommendations originating from ACFM were The recommendations originating from the Fish Capture adopted by the Council as C.Res.1995/2:13:1 - 2:13:18. Committee were adopted by the Council as C.Res.1995/2:15 - 2:19.

61 Hydrography Committee Working Group. The biological relevance of the Work­ ing Group was potentially high, particularly in terms of The Delegate of Iceland queried the terms of reference the OSPARCOM's increasing interest in biological im­ related to harmful algae that were included in the Work­ pacts. He agreed to write to the Chairman of the Work­ ing Group on Shelf Seas Oceanography, and hoped that ing Group, with copy to the General Secretary, pointing there was collaboration rather than duplication with the out the frustrationshighlighted by Delegates. work being carried out by the Working Group on Harm­ fulAlgal Bloom Dynamics. The recommendations originating fromthe Marine Envi­ ronmental Quality Committee were adopted by the The Chairman of the Consultative Committee reas­ Council as C.Res.1995/2:25 - 2:27. sured Delegates that a high-level of collaboration was carried out by the above named groups, as physical and Mariculture Committee biological aspects of oceanography affected the occur­ rence of harmfulalgal blooms. The recommendations originating from the Mariculture Committee were adopted by the Council as The Delegate of the United States recollected that the C.Res.1995/2:28 - 2:33. Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics was under the joint parentage of the Hydrography and Bio­ Demersal Fish Committee logical Oceanography Committees and that overlapping meetings of the above mentioned groups had occurred The recommendations originating from the Demersal previously. Fish Committee were adopted by the Council as C.Res.1995/2:34 - 2:37.. The recommendations originating from the Hydrography Committee were adopted by the Council as Pelagic Fish Committee C.Res.1995/2:20 - 2:22. The recommendations originating from the Pelagic Fish Committee were adopted by the Council as Statistics Committee C.Res.1995/2:38 - 2:40.

The recommendations originating from the Statistics Baltic Fish Committee Committee were adopted by the Council as C.Res.1995/2:23 - 2:24. The recommendations originating from the Baltic Fish Committee were adopted by the Council as Marine Environmental QualityCommittee C.Res.1995/2:41 - 2:43.

The Delegate of the Netherlands believed that the ShellfishCommittee Working Group on the Effects of Extraction of Marine Sediments on the Marine Ecosystem was performing The recommendations originating from the Shellfish sub-optimally with regard to biological effects consid­ Committee were adopted by the Council as erations. He considered that the Working Group needed C.Res.1995/2:41 - 2:47. the participation of additional expertise in its member­ ship to highlight the ecosystem-related issues. Unless Biological Oceanography Committee some progress was forthcoming, the group's future would need to be assessed. The recommendations originating from the Biological Oceanography Committee were adopted by the Council The Delegates of Iceland and Ireland had some sympa­ as C.Res.1995/2:48-2:51, 2:52 (jointly with Hydrogra­ thy with the views of the Delegate of the Netherlands phy), and 2:53-2:55. regarding the Working Group's need to further focus on ecosystems-related matters. Nevertheless, the Working Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee Group was one of the few forums in ICES which at­ tracted geological expertise. They favoured Delegates The recommendations originating from the Anadromous adding the necessary biological expertise before any fi­ and Catadromous Fish Committee were adopted by the nal decision on the futureof the Working Group be taken Council as C.Res.1995/2:56-2:57. and proposed that steps be taken to notify the Chairman about the need to attract more ecosystems related exper­ Marine Mammals Committee tise in the membership. The recommendation originating from the Marine The Chairman of the Consultative Committee agreed Mammals Committee was adopted by the Council as that it had not been easy to change the focus of the C.Res.1995/2:58.

62 Resolutions involving Publications Resolutions Involving Co-operation with Other Organi­ sations The Delegate of Iceland objected to the recommenda­ tion that about 500 pages be devoted to the Conference Recommendations concerning the above were adopted on Baltic Marine Science which was not an ICES ar­ by the Council as C.Res.1995/3:1 - 3:3. rangement. The proceedings of the Symposium on Cod and Climate Change was a record-large one for ICES at Other Resolutions Requiring Action about 500 pages. He thus proposed, and Delegates agreed, that the General Secretary and the Chairman of Recommendations concerning the above were adopted the Consultative Committee jointly should determine the by the Council as C.Res.1995/4.1 - 4:7. number of pages that should be devoted to publishing papers from the Conference. Agenda Item 20 ACFM AND ACME MATIERS

The Delegate of Canada proposed that the likely cost There being no specific matters related to the Advisory implications of producing the Annotated Bibliography of Committees that had not already been addressed else­ Transplantations and Transfers of Aquatic Organisms where in the Agenda, the General Secretary read out a and their Implications on Aquaculture and Ecosystems list of names of the nationally nominated Members and on CD-ROM be reviewed by the General Secretary be­ Alternates of ACFM and ACME as registered by the fore the project was finally embarked on. ICES Secretariat. In response to the request that Dele­ gates advised him of any inaccuracies in the list, the The General Secretary welcomed the interjections necessary corrections were noted. made by the Delegates of Iceland and Canada. While acknowledging the vital importance of publishing activi­ In accordance with Rule 26 of the Rules of Procedure ties in the work of ICES, he urged that a greater scrutiny governing the Advisory Committees, the Council en­ of publication proposals for the ICES Cooperative Re­ dorsed the modified list of Members and Alternates of search Report ( CRR) series be applied in future as the ACFM and ACME as submitted by the General Secre­ proposed production of I O CRRs was the largest number tary. that had been endorsed at a single Council Meeting. Al­ though the ICES Secretariat would attempt to publish Agenda Item 21 1996, 1997 ANNUAL SCIENCE these CRRs as soon as possible, financial and personnel CONFERENCES (84TH AND resource implications needed to be taken into considera­ 85TH STATUTORY MEET­ tion. INGS)

Recommendations involving the above were adopted by The President drew Delegates attention to Doc. C.M. the Council as C.Res.1995/1: I - I: 12. 1995/Del:8 which provided various pertinent details regarding invitations and plans for the 1996 and 1997 Resolutions involving Symposia Annual Science Conferences.

The Delegate of the United Kingdom welcomed the a) 1996 Annual Science Conference interesting range of Symposia for the coming years. He was concerned, however, that as there appeared to be The President noted that the Council had decided, at about two Symposia per year on average this would in­ the 1994 Annual Science Conference, to accept the kind crease the work-load placed on the ICES Secretariat con­ invitation by Iceland to hold the 1996 Annual Science cerned with producing Flyers or prospectuses, editing of Conference (84th Statutory Meeting) in Reykjavik. The manuscripts, and generally dealing with inquiries from invitation was particularly appreciated as Iceland had potential participants. originally intended to host the Annual Science Confer­ The General Secretary replied that holding two Sym­ ence in 1997, twenty years after it had last been held posia per year would increase the work of the ICES Sec­ there, but had decided to move its invitation forward by retariat even if a substantial portion of the overall work one year to avoid having successive Annual Science concerned with Symposia was shared with Academic Conferences held in Denmark. Press, the Editors of the ICES Journal, and the Conve­ nors and the Local Arrangement Committees. There was The Delegate of Iceland stated that it was an honour a possibility that the page capacity of the ICES Journal for Iceland to hold the 1996 Annual Science Confer­ might be over-reached. The situation needed to be kept ence. After having discussed the matter with the Gen­ under careful review but the advantages to ICES of eral Secretary, he had determined that the best venue holding and publishing interesting and novel Symposia would be the University, which was adjacent to the was likely to add to the Council's reputation. Hotel Saga - one of the main hotels in Reykjavik. Un­ fortunately, it had later transpired that the University Recommendations involving the above were adopted by found it difficult to accommodate the Conference at the Council as C.Res.1995/2:l - 2:5. such a late date, owing to great demand for lecture

63 theatre facilities. However, by moving the free-day Science Conference. He stated that a final decision on from Sunday to Monday and making some lesser ad­ the venue had not yet been taken although there were justments to the arrangements, in consultation with the many good options to choose from. Contractual and General Secretary when he visited Iceland to review the bureaucratic procedures would need to be followed and facilities, a draft Blue Card plan had been prepared for were likely to take some time, but he was confident that consideration by the Bureau. The draft 1996 Blue Card excellent facilities would be forthcoming in due course. plan had been distributed, with the Bureau's approval, It was intended that conference and hotel facilities be to Delegates. The proposed scheduling forthe 1996 An­ found, if at all possible, under one roof in a pleasant nual Science Conference would entail starting a day later environment. than normal with the General Assembly on Friday (27 September), and run the scientific sessi(?nS each day The President proposed, and Delegates approved, that (including Sunday, but not Monday) in order to finish on the 1997 Annual Science Conference be held in the Tuesday (1 October) with the Closing Session at the end USA at a venue to be determined. of a full working day. Tuesday would end with an even­ ing 'Grand Conference Banquet'. Monday would be c) 1998 Annual Science Conference used for an excursion (approximately 6 hrs duration) which would start after a short morning science session The President informed Delegates that two written invi­ (ending with an 11.00-11.30 hrs coffee break). Wednes­ tations had been received by the Council from ICES day, Thursday and Friday would be devoted to the same Member Countries to hold the 1998 Annual Science purposes as usual. The final Delegates session would Conference, one from the Portuguese Ambassador to conclude at 18.00 hrs on Friday 4 October. Denmark, on behalf of the Portuguese Government, to hold the Conference in Lisbon, and the other from the When asked to comment on the arrangements for the Finnish Minister of Transport and Public Works offer­ 1996 Annual Science Conference, the General Secre­ ing to hold the Conference in Helsinki. The Bureau tary commented that he was pleased with the facilities would, wherever possible, attempt to reach consensus in in Iceland, having experienced them when the August making a firm proposal to Delegates regarding the 1993 Symposium on Cod and Climate Change was held venue for the Annual Science Conference, but such con­ there. He did not consider that the revised schedule for sensus had eluded it on this occasion. Thus, it had been the Conference would provide any problems and pro­ necessary to refer thematter to Delegates. posed that Delegates approve the draft Blue Card as presented. It would be necessary though to complete the Delegates were reminded of the situation at the 1992 details of the Blue Card in terms of scientific and busi­ Statutory Meeting in Rostock-Wamemunde when an ness sessions when the Programme Planning Group met invitation had been presented verbally by the Delegate in the summer of 1996. of Portugal but unfortunately the official invitation did not arrive during the course of the meeting. The situa­ The Delegate of Ireland expressed his thanks to the tion remained unresolved until the General Secretary, at Delegate of Iceland and the General Secretary for their the request of the Bureau, had further approached the resourcefulness in dealing with the timetable difficulty. Delegate of Portugal after the 1994 Annual Science He seconded the proposal that the revised schedule for Conference with a view to clarifying the situation and, the 1996 Annual Science Conference be approved by if possible, solicit a formal invitation from Portugal to Delegates. hold an Annual Science Conference. As a result, the invitation from Portugal was received in time for the The President viewed the matter as suitably settled and 1995 June Bureau Meeting. On the other hand, the expressed his anticipation that the 1996 Annual Science Delegate of Finland had informed the Bureau that Fin­ Conference in Iceland would be both successful and land intended to host an ICES Annual Science Confer­ enjoyable. ence and that an official invitation would arrive in due course. The official invitation from the Finnish Minister b) 1997 Annual Science Conference arrived only some days ago. Both Portugal and Finland have drawn ICES attention to important events that are The President drew Delegates attention to the invitation scheduled to occur in their capital cities in 1998: Portu­ received by the Council at the Mid-Term Bureau Meet­ gal will host the last "Expo" of this century in the year ing from the United States to hold the 1997 Annual Sci­ of the oceans, and Finland will celebrate the centenary ence Conference (84th Statutory Meeting). So far no of Finnish oceanography then. As both the invitations other invitations had been received from other Member have been submitted at a highly official level, it is clear Countries to hold the 1997 Conference. that the Delegates of Portugal and Finland are unable to withdraw these invitations. It was therefore proposed The Delegate of the United States expressed his pleas­ that the decision as to where the 1998 Annual Science ure and that of the United States delegation to ICES in Conference would be held would be determined by se­ looking forward to being able to host the 1997 Annual cret ballot.

64 The Delegate of Ireland knew, as someone who was On the basis of the number of votes cast for Finland and directly involved in events mentioned in 1992 and con­ for Portugal in the ballot, the Council determined to tinuing contacts with the Delegates of Portugal, that the accept the invitation of Portugal to host the 1998 Annual Portuguese Delegates had used a great deal of time and Science Conference in Lisbon. effort since 1992 behind the scenes, in conjunction with their own authorities, to finally ensure that an official The President, in conclusion, hoped that the Council's invitation from Portugal materialised. However, he did decision in favour of Portugal in 1998 would be but a not wish his statement to be viewed as being in any way pleasure deferred in the short-term regarding a future hostile to the most valued offer from Finland. He per­ Annual Science Conference in Finland. He expressed sonally looked forward to attending an Annual Science his great appreciation and that of the Council to the Conference in Finland as it was probably the only Delegates of Finland and the Government of Finland for Member Country in which he had not attended an ICES their much-valued offer of hospitality. Currently no meeting. invitations had been received from Member Countries to host the 2000 Annual Science Conference, which was The Delegate of Sweden looked upon the proposed the sole unfilled year before 2003. celebration of the centenary of Finnish oceanography in 1998 as being closely : related to the original 1899 Agenda Item 22 ANY OTHERBUSINESS Stockholm Conference and the planned Annual Science Conference to be held in Sweden in 1999. The Finnish There being no matters to be dealt with under this centenary of oceanography might then be seen as a Agenda Item, the Delegate of Iceland thanked the prelude in a symphony of meetings. President, on behalf of the Council, for having most ably chaired a very demanding Delegates Meeting with a rec­ The General Secretary indicated that the voting in the ord number of Agenda Items. He looked forward to see­ secret ballot would be conducted according to Rules 4 ing everyone at the 1996 Annual Science Conference in and 5 of the Rules of Procedure. Voting Delegates Iceland. would be casting their votes in favour of either Portugal or Finland as hosting the 1998 Annual Science Confer­ The President expressed his gratitude to everyone for ence, i.e. a simple majority of the votes cast would de­ their co-operation in Aalborg and during 1995. He termine which country would act as host. wished the ICES community well for the coming year, and adjournedthe meeting.

DOCUMENTS

Del:1 Audited Accounts for Financial Year 1993/1994 Del:2 Progress Report on Administration for the year 1 November 1994 to 31 October 1995 Del:3 Co-operation with Other International Organisations: Working Relationships and Financial Ar­ rangements + Addendum Communication from the US State Department (via the Embassy of the USA in Copenhagen) out- lining the views of the USA on the NASCO Annual Payment to ICES Del:4 Estimated Accounts for Financial Year 1994/1995 Del:5 Draft Budget forFinancial Year 1995/1996 Del:6 Draft Forecast Budget for Financial Year 1996/1997 Del:7 Elections and Appointments by the Council at the 1995 Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting) Del:8 1996, 1997 Annual Science Conferences (84th and 85th Statutory Meetings) and subsequent Con- ferences Del:9 MoU between OSPARCOM and ICES Del:10 MoU between FAQ and ICES Del:11 Criteria Governing Acceptancefor Council Membership and Scientific Observer Status Del:11 (revised) Criteria Governing Acceptance forCouncil Membership and Scientific Observer Status Endorsed by the Council at the 1995 Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting)

65 Del:12 Application by Greece (Institute of Marine Biology of Crete) for ScientificObserver Status Del:13 Report of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES + Addendum Further Views on the Structure of ICES (Danish Delegates) Del:14 Fourth International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea Ref A Del:15 International Conferences and Conventions: the Need for a Comprehensive ICES Response Ref A Mechanism Del:16 Topics for Delegates 'Extra Session' Del:17 Enhanced Information and Publicity about ICES Ref A Del: 18 ICES Centenary, 2002: Progress Report Ref A Del:19 Rules of Procedure: Revisions to Reflect Changes in ICES Nomenclature Del:20 Cost Recovery from ICES Customers A:6 Report of the Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat Databases Gen:4 Report of the Mid-Term Meeting of the Consultative Committee, ICES Headquarters 1-2 June 1995

66 Annex 1

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67 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Oslo and Paris Commissions and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

RECOGNISING that the Oslo and Paris Commissions ("the Commissions") a. have functions respectively under the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, signed in Oslo on 15 February 1972, and the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources, signed in Paris on 4 June 1974, and their amending protocols; b. also have to prepare for the establishment of the single Commission under the Convention forthe Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic, signed in Paris on 22 September 1992; and c. seek, where appropriate, the advice or services of competent regional organisations and other competent international organisations and competent bodies with a view to incorporating the latest results of scientific research.

This work should in particular be related to activities within the framework of the Commission's Environmental Assessment andMonitoring Committee; and

RECOGNISING that the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ("the Council") a. exists to promote and encourage research and investigations for the study of the sea, in particular in relation to its living resources; b. draws up the necessary programmes and organises such research and investigations as may appear necessary and publishes and disseminates the results of this work; c. seeks to establish and maintain working arrangements with other international organisations having related objectives;

RECOGNISING that both the Commissions and the Council are intergovernmental organisations which ensure the observance of the normal standards of public bodies in their work;

68 THE COMMISSIONS AND THE COUNCIL have therefore reached the following understanding:

Scientific informationand advice

1. The Council will provide scientific information and advice to the Commissions according to this Memorandum of Understanding. The Council and the Commissions will consult regularly on ways in which cooperation between them can be further improved and extended. Further improvement may, as appropriate, also mean common activities, e.g. common meetings of subsidiary bodies of or even the establishment of joint subsidiary bodies.

Data handling

2. The Council's secretariat will serve as data centre for data collected under the Commissions' Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (JAMP) for monitoring the marineen vironment, such as: data on contaminants observed in the compartments waters, sediment and biota of the marine environment; and data resulting from biological monitoring (including biological effects monitoring).

The data centre will: a. receive monitoring data submitted under the Commissions' programme and according to the Commissions' formatagreed upon; b. transfer that data onto suitable information-technology equipment provided by the Council and undertake its validation, in cooperation with Contracting Parties concerned; c. prepare the data sets to be used for assessment in time before the relevant assessment meetings; d. in cooperation with the Commissions' secretariat, arrange for the assessment of the data sets by appropriately qualified subsidiary bodies of the Commissions; e. prepare appropriate data products including output of statistical analyses and maps; and f. provide the Commissions with master copies of the assessment products in computer-readable form.

3. a. Where a data base is maintained exclusively for the work of the Commissions, the Commissions will be responsible for the costs (including a reasonable share of overheads) associated with that data base. b. Where a data base is maintained partly for work of the Commissions and partly for the work of the Council other than their assistancy to the Commissions, the costs (including a reasonable share of overheads) associated with that data base will be divided between the Commissions and the Council in proportion to the agreed assessment of the extent of the use made of it for each purpose.

69 c. Data submitted for the Commissions' Joint Monitoring and Assessment Programmes will be handled in accordance with the Council's standard data security procedures for environmental data, namely, that raw data will not be provided to third parties without the prior permission of the originator (that is, the country or laboratory that has submitted the data). d. Data products may be provided to third persons after adoption of the relevant products by the Commissions.

The ICES Work Programme

4. In each year there will be consultations between the Secretariats of the Commissions and of the Council, based on the items proposed by the OSP AR Committees and their Working Groups on: a. the scientific informationand advice to be provided; and b. the data-handling exercises to be undertaken in the following calendar year. These consultations will be completed at least 10 weeks beforethe date of the annual meeting of the Commissions.

5. The Commissions will adopt, on the basis of these consultations, an ICES work programme which will clearly specify a. the work, both on scientific information and data handling, which the Commissions request the Council to carryout; b. the payment that the Commissions will make to the Council in respect of that work;

If necessary, a long term programme can be developed by the Commissions in order to give ICES an outlook to future activities within the framework of the OSPAR Commission.

Finance

6. The Commissions will make a payment in each calendar year to the Council in respect of the work to be carried out by the Council forthe Commissions. The total to be paid will be the aggregate of three components (calculation in accordance with the provisions in Annex 1): a. an amount in respect of scientific information and advice (calculated in accordance with the provisions in Annex 1); b. an amount in respect of data-handling ( calculated in accordance with the provisions in Annex 1); c. an amount in respect of overheads ( calculated in accordance with the provisions in Annex 2).

70 7. As part of the consultations referredto in paragraph 4, the Council's secretariat will provide the Commissions' Secretariat with an estimate of the cost ( excluding overheads) of each of a. the elements of scientific information or advice to be provided; and b. the data handlingexercises to be undertaken.

in the subsequent calendaryear, broken down under the headings in Annex 1.

8. The payment for each calendar year will be made in four equal instalments on the first working day after 1 April; 1 July; 1 October; 1 December.

General administrative arrangements

9. The Commissions will be invited to send an observer to all Statutory Meetings of the Council.

10. a. The Council will be invited to send an observer to all meetings of the Commissions and of their relevant committees and working groups; b. the Council's observer to the annual meeting of the Commissions will have reasonable discretion to agree, on behalf of the Council, to amendments to the Council's cost estimates.

11. The Council will report to each annual meeting of the Commissions on its activities. The report will itemise the projects and their costs to which the Commissions have contributed. The Council will also provide the Commissions with reports of its Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment and other reports and documents relevant to the Commissions' work prepared or published by the Council.

12. The Commissions will provide the Council with documents and reports circulated for their meetings and those of their committees and working groups which are relevant to the work of the Council.

The Memorandum of Understanding

13. If any dispute should arise between the Commissions and the Council about their mutual cooperation, both sides will endeavour to resolve it by agreement reached through consultation. If there is any difficulty in reaching such agreement, the Chairmen of the Commissions, acting jointly, will nominate one person and the President of the Council will nominate another. The two persons so nominated will then invite a suitable third person, who is not employed by, or an office holder in, either the Commissions or the Council, to assist them on a honorary basis in considering the matter and making a recommendation for the resolution of the dispute

71 14. Either the Commissions or the Council may propose a change to, or to withdraw from, this Memorandum of Understanding. Any such proposal will be made at least 10 weeks before the annual meeting of the Commissions, if proposed by the Council, or at least 10 weeks before the annual Statutory Meeting of the Council, if proposed by the Commissions. Any change will come into effectat the beginning of the calendar year after the change has been agreed by both the Council and the Commissions. Any withdrawal will come into effect one complete calendar year after the meeting in advance of which notice of the proposed withdrawal was given.

15. When the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic enters into force and the Commission provided for in Article 10 of that Convention is established, this Memorandum of Understanding will continue; the Memorandumwill then referto that Commission.

16. This Memorandum of Understanding will apply for the year 1996 and subsequent years. However, Parties will endeavour to follow this Memorandum of Understanding from the time of signature.

72 ANNEX 1 Costs

The following costs specifically incurred by the Council for the purposes of the ICES Work Programme as approved by the Commissions are to be covered by a payment from the Commissions: a. costs incurred by the Council related to meetings of its Advisory Committees in proportion to the time of these meetings spent on the Work Programme; b. secretariat staff salaries, including superannuation, (with an indication of the number and grades of staffto be involved in the work); c. travelling and subsistence costs of the Secretariat and Chairmen of the Council's Advisory Committees (or their designates) in attending meetings of the Commissions' subsidiary bodies specifically for the purpose of the Work Programme; d. computing costs; e. the cost of any work where the Council proposes to employ a consultant or contractor; f. other current expenditure.

73 ANNEX2

Overheads

The overhead costs will be calculated by means of an overhead percentage which is applied to the direct salary costs of each different activity mentioned in the ICES Work Programme.

The overhead percentage is calculated as the ratio between the total overhead costs and the total direct salary costs. Included in the overhead costs are the following items: a. capital cost of computing and other capital equipment; b. central financial and personneladministration; c. computer system support and maintenance d. a fairshare of the printing costs; e. rent of premises; f. officeexpenses including: • electricity • heating • watchmen, safety and security • cleaning costs • maintenance costs (e.g. photocopier) • consumables • postage • telephone and fax • officeequipment • insurance • general officemaintenance (e.g. painting) • staffeducation and training

74 Signed on behalf of the Oslo and Paris Commissions and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea:

21 September 1995

ain Mauc rps Svante Bodin President Chairman International Council for Oslo and Paris Commissions the Exploration of the Sea

75

Annex 2

International Council for the C.M. 1995/Del: 11 (Revised)* Exploration of the Sea

(W(fftmlt1!(Cl]OWU:W(!Nl�!Nl((JJ �CCffT�!NlCf fiOW( CO\\Jl!NlC�l MfM�lE:W(.StlJ�!P �!Nl[D).sc� t!Nlr�r�co�.SfW(WtW( .sr �r\\Jl.s ENDORSED BY THECOUNCIL AT THE 1995 ANNUAL SCIENCECONFERENCE (83RD STATUTORY MEETING)

77 CRITERIA GOVERNING ACCEPTANCE FOR COUNCIL MEMBERSHIPAND SCIENTIFIC OBSERVER STATUS

1. Background

1.1 In accordance with Article 16(4) of the ICES convention only "Governments may apply to accede to the convention by addressing a written application to the Government of Denmark". Thus any other method of application for membership is formallyexcluded. 1.2 Over the last few years, ICES has received several applications from organisations/ institutions wishing to obtain observer status in ICES, primarily in order to attend the scientific sessions of the Annual Science Conference and to participate in the meetings of Study/Working Groups. It is important to acknowledge that such organisations or institutions are above all interested in gaining access to one of the major scientific forums involved in marine research, particularly those fields related to the study of living marine resources, including their utilisation and conservation, the environment, and oceanography.

1.3 Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) will not be considered for the purposes of the present document because guidelines and criteria governing their observership have been discussed at great length and formalised in the 1991 ICES Annual Report. This Annual Report provides (Annex 1, pp. 41-42) the rules and procedures which must be applied when an NGO applies forobserver status in ICES.

1.4 In terms of geographical scope, and in accordance with the conclusions of the Bureau Working Group on Strategic Planning for Scientific Cooperation and Advice (C.M. 1993/Gen:6), it has been considered inappropriate, at least in the immediate future, to expand the geographical area in which ICES is involved in scientific research co-ordination and provision of fisheries and environmental information and advice. As stated in Article 2 of the ICES Convention, "the Council shall be concerned with the Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent seas and primarily with the North Atlantic". However, the geographical scope of ICES is a feature which in the case of applications for scientific observer status is less restrictive than in the case of applications for full membership in ICES. This has been acknowledged, and indeed constitutes a precedent, in the case of the Council's current scientific observers (CSIRO, Australia, and Sea Fisheries Research Institute, South Africa).

1.5 With respect to the matter of participation in Study/Working Groups (including those dealing with fish stock assessments) and the Annual Science Conference, the unwritten practice of long standing regarding the possible inclusion of experts from non-Member Countries within a Member Country delegation should be made more explicit. This is intended to formalise an outcome from the "Extra Session" of the Delegates Meeting at the 1994 Annual Science Conference regarding "ICES role in Third World Development" (ICES Annual Report for 1994, pp. 29-32). It is assumed that, although the discussion referred only to Third World countries, organisations and experts, the same spirit should apply equally well to "developed" countries which are currently not members of ICES, but which fall within the limitations mentioned above. This participation of experts from non­ Member Countries within a Member Country delegation has various objectives which are mutually beneficial; in some cases there are obvious training objectives for new/young scientists who can acquire appreciable expertise by taking part in Study/Working Groups. Additionally, ICES is likely to benefit from new or supplementary expertise in scientific fields where there may be less experience among the institutes traditionally involved in ICES. This may extend to entrusting such "external" experts with the chairmanships of crucial Study/Working Groups. In all cases involving "external" experts as members of

78 Study/Working Groups, the national Delegates will inform the General Secretary of the status of such experts.

Thus, on this basis, the condition for attendance of scientific observers at ICES meetings remains relevant and requires no change.

2. Application forscientific observer status

2.1 In order to meet the requirements of national research institutes of countries outside the current geographical scope of ICES, or of countries within the stated region, whose Governments have not applied to accede the ICES convention, the Council may grant these institutes scientific observer status in ICES.

2.2 The granting of scientific observer status for a research organisation/institution shall be considered in the light of Article l(a) of the ICES Convention which indicates that the Council has the duty "to promote and encourage research and investigations for the study of the sea, particularly related to the living resources thereof." The organisations/institutions considered are national or international scientific institutes engaged in research activities which fall within the range of the ICES convention. These basic criteria shall be essential prerequisites for the status of scientific observership, they do not convey however, any right to claim that status.

2.3 In order to avoid multiple representation from one and the same country in ICES, observership will normally be granted to one national organisation/institute per country only. Scientific observer status will normally, but not necessarily, be granted to the first research institute which applies from a specific country, on condition that it meets the specific criteria defined and that it adheres to the rules governing the activities of such observers.

2.4 The Council reserves the right to select, from a number of applicants, the most appropriate one to be granted observer status. The Council may, as it sees fit, consult with the competent authorities in the country concerned. Such consultations may be held at any time.

2.5 The status of scientificobservership of an applicant shall be approved by the Council, in accordance with Article 8(2) of the convention (by vote with a simple majority). After the approval of the scientific observership of a national organisation/institute no other application for scientific observership of this country will be considered, unless the first organisation/institution ceases to be a scientific observer, or its observer status is revoked (see below). 2.6 The Council reserves the right to introduce a given limitation on the total number of scientific observers. 2. 7 Scientific observership will end automatically, if the· country to which the scientific observer belongs becomes an ICES member. An organisation/institution may withdraw from the status of a scientific observer by informing the Council in writing. The observer status may be revoked by the Council at any time. A withdrawal will come into force by the end of the ICES year in which the withdrawal has been declared.

79 3. Privileges conferred with scientific observer status

The granting of scientific observer status to a non-Member Country research organisation/ institution shall confer on it the following privilege: • attendance at the ICES Annual Science Conference, including the General Assembly and all other plenary sessions but excluding sessions restricted to members only according to theRules of Procedure; • access to all scientific papers submitted to the ICES Annual Science Conference, and permission to submit scientific papers for presentation at the ICES Annual Science Conference under the same rules as applied to the experts of Member Countries; • participation in discussions at the scientific sessions of the ICES Annual Science Conference at the discretion of Chairmen or Convenors without the right to vote on matters requiring such action; • attendance at Study/Working Group meetings other than those related to fish stock assessments established by ACFM, or those having named experts appointed by the Council; • attendance at Study/Working Group meetings established by ACFM, through an application presented by a Delegate of an ICES Member Country who is willing to assume responsibility forsuch participation. The attendance is dependent upon confirmation by the General Secretary after consultation with the Chairman concerned. • receipt of one copy of all new issues of the following ICES publications: the ICES Annual Report, the ICES Cooperative Research Report series (including ACFM and ACME Reports), all Study/Working Group Reports, and ICES/CIEM Information.

4. Obligationsimposed withthe granting of scientific observer status

The granting of scientific observer status to a non-Member Country research organisation/institution shall impose the following obligations:

• to recognise the basic aims and objectivesof the Council and to support its work; • to respect the scientific nature of discussions at all Council meetings attended by its experts;

• to make annual payment, in advance of the ICES Annual Science Conference, of an observer's feecurrently amounting to DKK 20,000;

• to serve as the national correspondent for ICES, making all necessary arrangements or agreements between different interested organisations/institutions at a national level, while allowing access to ICES activity and information by the entire scientific community relevant to ICES;

• to address to the General Secretary at the beginning of each ICES calendar year a list of all nominated experts, including where appropriate those from other pertinent national organisations/institutions or authorities, which desire to take part in suitable meetings or activities of the Council.

80 5. Procedure for submitting applications for scientific observer status

A research organisation/institution from a non-Member Country seeking scientific observer status in ICES for the purposes of participating in the Council's activities shall: • submit a written application to the General Secretary at least six (6) months in advance of an ICES Annual Science Conference, containing the following information: - name of the organisation/institution with (tele)communication addresses of its headquarters; - national/international affiliation of the institute and its main mandate; - research fields and disciplines covered by the organisation/institution or its subsidiaries; - structure and membership of the organisation/institution.

81 REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE

Chairman: Mr P.H.A. Hoogweg

The Committee met on Friday 22 September 1995 from nary/miscellaneous income, and that the 10th Dialogue 09.05 - 11.35 hrs. All members were present. The First Meetinghad proved expensive to arrange. Interest receiv­ Vice-President, representingthe Bureau, theGeneral Sec­ able was expected to be about DKK 50,000 greater than retary, Ms J. Andersen-Rosendal, and Ms I. Liitzh0ft budgeted but included interest from both the Capital Re­ also attendedthe meeting. serve and Computer Equipment Funds. The interest on theComputer Loan represented the finalpayment.

Agenda Item 1 APPROVALOF AGENDA The Committee had only several minor comments and questions regarding the Estimated Accounts for Financial The draftAgenda was adopted as presented. Year 1994/1995. In response to an inquiry about whether the Council made a pronouncement as to how large the Capital Reserve· Fund should be maintained at, the Gen­ Agenda Item 2 AUDITED ACCOUNTS FOR eralSecretary recalled that this fundhad been established FINANCIAL1993/1994 YEAR primarily to safeguard the Council's ability to pay Secre­ tariat staffsalaries in the eventuality that there was a de­ At the invitation of the Chairman, the General Secretary fault in payment of annual contributions by a Member drew attention to the Audited Accounts andBalance Sheet Country or one of ICES clients and hence its size should for 1993/1994 contained in Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:l, also reflect changes in staff numbers. In response to a pointing out that there was an excess of income over ex­ request forclarification as to why DKK 898,439 hadbeen penditure for theyear of DKK1,545,683. He emphasised debited from the Capital Reserve Fund as shown under a supplementary document prepared by the Council's point 12 of the Notes to the Balance Sheet, the General Auditors (KPMG C.Jespersen), the Long-Form Audit Secretary drew attention to a table provided for the Report dated 23 March 1995 in Respect of the Annual Committee which showed the manner in which the Bu­ Accounts for 1993/1994, which provided inter alia a reau had agreed at its June 1995 Mid-Term Meeting that clear declaration of theobjective, planning and conduct of the excess of income over expenditure from 1993/1994 the audit as well as the Auditors' declaration in connec­ would be used: DKK 898,439 would be debited during tion with theaccounts for1993/1994. thecurrent yearto cover, among other items: • refurbishingthe castle Room; The Committee had no questions or comments and ap­ • safety and security arrangements at ICES Headquar­ proved and signed the Accounts and Balance Sheet as ters; well as theLong-Form Audit Report. • the second meeting of the Bureau Working Group on theStructure of ICES; • paintingof ICES Headquarters; Agenda Item 3 ESTIMATED ACCOUNTS FOR • installation costs for the newly acquired extension to FINANCIALYEAR 1994/1995 ICES premises. The Chairman introduced the Estimated Accounts for Of the remainder of the excess of income over expendi­ Financial Year 1994/1995 contained in Doc. C.M. turefrom 1993/1994, theGeneral Secretarynoted that the 1994/Del:4. Bureau had agreed that DKK 250,000 would be kept in the Capital Reserve Fund unearmarkedas yet but possibly The General Secretary noted that although there were for use in connection with ICES Centenary, and DKK some minor differences between the budgeted amounts 288,750 would be kept for 1996/1997 for the purpose of and the estimated amounts there was a conformity be­ offsetting the proposed lack of increase in annual contri­ tween the important items regarding both income and butions from Member Countries. expenditure. He pointed out that all national contributions had been paid, miscellaneous income was appreciably Ms Andersen-Rosendal explained that the accounting more than originally budgeted, stemming mainly from technicalities used fordealing with excess of income over AMAP and the EC. Due to changes in the exchange rate expenditure from 1993/1994 had been discussed with the between DKK and XEU, DKK 59,860 less was received Council's Auditors and that the manner in which such in income from the EC annual contribution. On the ex­ matters were represented in the accounts was a direct penditure side, he noted that salaries were slightly lower result of advice received; it was considered improper to and pensions were slightly higher than budgeted, travel retrospectively change an agreed budget. An appropri­ costs for thePresident andhimself would be greater than ately detailed itemisation would be provided in the budgeted, Secretariat travels and meetings had been ex­ Audited Accounts after the books were closed at the end ceeded but had been covered by extraordi- of the year. In this context, the General Secretary em-

82 phasised that theMinutes of Bureau Meeting No. 974, the reflect the need to hold more negot1at1ons with ICES above mentioned table provided to the Finance Commit­ 'customers' to ensure increased cost recovery. tee and the report of the current meeting of the Finance Committee provided further documentation for the rec­ The Committee approved the draft Budget for 1995/ ord. 1996.

The Committee expressed its concern at the loss in in­ come due to theEC contribution being made in XEU and Agenda Item 5 DRAFf FORECAST BUDGET urged the General Secretary examine ways in which this FOR FINANCIAL YEAR problem might be overcome. 1996/1997

The Committee approved the Estimated Accounts and The Chairman drew attentionto the draft Forecast Budget recommended their acceptance by the Council. for Financial Year 1996/1997 (Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:6). He noted that there would be no proposed .increase in National Contributions in 1996/1997 relative to the previ­ Agenda Item 4 DRAFf BUDGET FOR FINAN­ ous year, with this being ensured by drawing upon DKK CIAL YEAR 1995/1996 288,750 from the Capital Reserve Fund (i.e. money transferred from the 1993/1994 excess of income over The Chairman drew attention to the draft Budget for Fi­ expenditure. The General Secretary was asked to provide nancial Year 1995/1996 contained in Doc. C.M. a brief overview of the budget. 1995/Del:5 and asked the General Secretary to provide a summary of the budget. The General Secretary noted that, due to increases in the cost of living and inflation in Denmark, each share in the The General Secretary pointed out that the amounts under scheme of national contributions would increase only by Income were thesame as in last year's approved Forecast 2.0% from the previous financial year, and thus similar Budget. A number of figures under Expenditure were increases would be applied to regulatorycommissions and changed relative to those in last year's approved Forecast the special contribution from the Faroe Islands and Budget. The total income would be greater than that in Greenland. The draft Forecast Budget took into account last year's approved Forecast Budget, owing to an ex­ the effects .in both Income and Expenditure of the new pected USD 200,000 provided from the USA and Nor­ Member Countries, Latvia and Estonia. The increases for way for establishment of the ICES/GLOBEC Project Of­ most expenditure items were minimal. He rem.inded the fice in the Secretariat; there would though be associated Committee that 1996 was agreed as being "year one" for expenditure (e.g. salary for a P4 post to run the Office, noting tangible movement by ICES 'customers' (e.g. travel, general expenses) as shown in Annex 1 of Doc. regulatory commissions) towards the goal of 100% cost C.M. 1995/Del:5. He was aware that there was a legiti­ recovery, but this could not be reflected .in the budget. mate concern that the GLOBEC Office may result in un­ However, hard negotiations with several 'customers' acceptable subsidies be.ing 'transferred' from the national would have to be initiated during the com.ing winter in contributions should the USA and Norway reduce their order to ensure increased returns. financial support for the GLOBEC after the two-year pe­ riod of 'grace' given for other sources of funding to ma­ The Chairman congratulated the Secretariat and the Bu­ terialise. Hence, the contract with the successful applicant reau on submitt.ing a draft Forecast Budget which would for the position of GLOBEC Office Co-ord.inator would be regarded with satisfaction by Member Countries. He be drawn up for a two-year period .in the first instance warned, however, that achiev.ing increased cost recovery and it could be extended appropriately when longer-te� would be difficult and depended on negotiations with funding had been assured. He emphasised that decreases ICES 'customers'. In this context, he firmly recom­ .in thevalue of the US dollar on the currency market may mended basing ICES working relationships with regula­ have profound effects on the budget of the GLOBEC Of­ tory commissions on a formal agreement using the fice. With regard to other matters, he underlined that the ICES/OSPARCOM Memorandum of Understanding draft Budget did not reflect .income and some expendi­ (MoU) as the model. Further information on and debate tures stemming from the Council's potential .involvement about ICES relationships with 'customers' and cost re­ in activities of the EC or other commissions. Attention covery were scheduled under Agenda Item 7. was drawn to the proposed new half-time CS post to act as Personal Assistant to the General Secretary which The First Vice-President explained that the Bureau would also result in some reduction in the demands viewed the proposed O percentage increase .in National placed on the MOD group .in the Secretariat. It was also Contributions in terms of ICES sending a positive signal noted that the expenses associated with holding the 1996 to its Member Countries that it was managing its finances Annual Science Conference .in Reykjavik would be rela­ prudently. tively high due to the cost of air-fares and accommodation for the Secretariat and Officers of the Council. Travel for In response to an inquiry from the Delegate of Denmark the President and General Secretary were increased to as to whether the salary increases referred to in the draft

83 Forecast Budget for 1996/1997 were partly due to new The General Secretary explained that he had written Doc. positions, the General Secretary replied that one new C.M. 1995/Del:20 in order to draw attention to the in­ half-time General Services category (C.5) position was creasing demands of the advisory role of ICES over the included under salaries, Periodic Assistance had been last decade and the expectation of 'customers' such as increased to include the engagement of a person to an­ regulatory commissions that they had a right to get advice swer phones and man the reception during extra-busy from ICES yet that this advice be provided at low levels periods, a given number of stepwise annual increments in of cost recovery for ICES. Despite cautions having been keeping with the Staff Rules were operative, and a gen­ given on numerous occasions that an appropriate balance eral 2% cost of living increase was included. be established between the demands placed on the Secre­ tariat of the Council's own business, there was an alarm­ In the ensuing discussion in the Committee it was noted ing rate of increase in the quantity of requests directed at that Member Countries were likely to expect that at least ICES. There was little appreciation by regulatory com­ some of any substantial excess of income over expendi­ missions in general that there had to be some relationship ture occurring at the end of the financial year be used to between increasing demands of the work programmes reduce increases in Member Country contributions. How­ they initiated in ICES and money/resources made avail­ ever, the Chairman cautioned against having no increase able to ICES by the commissions to respond to requests. in National Contributions as it was necessary to meet the He reminded the Committee that ICES could not in prin­ demands of legitimate inflation and cost of living in­ ciple draw back from its policy of 100% cost recovery, creases in Denmark in order to ensure that Secretariat as the Secretariat was severely overloaded by work. The staff salaries were not eroded. The General Secretary demands placed on the Secretariat were so large that pri­ underlined that ICES Capital Reserve Fund was small ority had been given to the requests of regulatory com­ compared with a number of other intergovernmental or­ missions to such an extent that the Environment Secretary ganisations one could compare oneself with; several of and the Fishery Secretary and their groups had defaulted these had budgets of only about a tenth of ICES budgets on carrying out tasks which ICES itself expected them to yet they had Contingency Funds which were equivalent in perform (e.g. publication related matters including issuing size to ICES. of fishery statistics and the ICES TIMES series). The demands placed on the General Secretary had also in­ The Committee recommended that the draft Forecast creased immensely over the last several years without it Budget for 1996/1997 be adopted by the Council. being possible to fund additional support staff. In conclu­ sion, control must be exerted on the demands placed on ICES by regulatory commissions, particularly those ones Agenda Item 6 APPOINTMENT OF AUDI­ with low percentage cost recovery. Negotiations had to be TORS FOR 1995/1996 initiated as soon as possible with regulatory commissions The General Secretary reminded the Committee that the to ensure understanding of ICES position. Finally, al­ Council, in agreeing to Change Rule of Procedure 20(vii) though the document indicated at the time of writing in and appoint new Auditors, had decided that an Agenda mid-August that unrecovered costs from regulatory Item relating to Appointment of Auditors for the coming commissions were about DKK 1.5 million per annum, year be included on the Agenda of the Delegates Meeting calculations made within the last two weeks clearly at each Annual Science Conference (Statutory Meeting). showed that the fishery regulatory commissions alone It was the task of the Finance Committee to recommend, owed about DKK 2.5 million for 1993/1994. This deficit subject to their satisfaction, that the Council's Auditors be was equal to about 10% of the whole ICES budget. appointed foranother year. The General Secretary briefly reviewed Doc. C.M. The Chairman underlined that he believed, and the Secre­ 1995/Del:3 which provided a summary of ICES relation­ tariat had confirmed, that the new Auditors (KPMG ships with other international organisations and provided C.Jespersen) had conducted their work and provided details of the most recent cost recovery percentages for management advice also in a most satisfactory manner. the regulatory commissions. He pointed out that a de­ Thus he proposed, and the Committee agreed, that it be tailed costing of the 1996 ICES Work Programme for OSPARCOM recommended to the Council that KPMG C.Jespersen be had been carried out in June of this year, in appointed for anotheryear. accordance with the considerations outlined in the draft ICES - OSPARCOM MoU; each major work item had Agenda Item 7 CO-OPERATION WITH been costed separately so that OSPARCOM would be OTHER INTERNATIONAL OR­ expected to make priorities should they not be able to GANISATIONS: WORKING cover all the costs. The figures for 1994/1995 and RELATIONSHIPS AND FINAN­ 1995/1996 cost recovery for OSPARCOM were expected CIAL CONSIDERATIONS to be 80-100%. Preliminary cost recovery estimates for HELCOM conducted several years ago indicated a level The Chairman proposed that the General Secretary re­ of about 60% - detailed cost recovery estimates for view first Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:20 and then Doc. C.M. HELCOM in 1993/1994 were in the process of being 1995/Del:3. carried out. Detailed estimates for the EC (DGXIV) in

84 1993/1994 indicated a cost recovery of 53.5% The General Secretary underlined that the Finance and (contribution: DKK 1,356,139; costs to ICES: DKK Office Administration Committee of IBSFC had ques­ 2,535,480). In the case of NEAFC for 1993/1994, the tioned why it should not be possible to have ICES Mem­ cost recovery was only 36% (contribution to ICES: DKK ber Countries cover the deficiency between ICES costs 573,500; cost to ICES: DKK 1,559,042); although and IBSFC's contributions. In reply to this, he had em­ NEAFC did not regulate many fish stocks, its requests to phasised that in order to do this ICES would have to de­ ICES for advice placed substantial demands on ACFM velop an unworkably complex budget where particular and the Secretariat. The General Secretary would present groups of Member Countries that were party to a given the data to NEAFC at its November 1995 meeting. A regional commission provided their normal annual contri­ detailed costing of NASCO had recently taken place for bution plus an additional contribution. The book-keeping 1993/1994 indicating that cost recovery was 87%, but necessary to run such a system would be daunting, and that this was likely to fall to 70-75% in 1994/1995 owing contributions could be envisaged as oscillating widely. to it having been agreed at the 1993 Council Meeting that NASCO would be allowed to reduce its contribution for The First Vice-President acknowledged that NASCO had 1994/1995 to an equivalent cost recovery percentage as a right to expect an equable treatment compared with OSPARCOM, the commission with the next highest cost other commissions making contributions to ICES in re­ recovery. In the case of IBSFC, cost recovery for turn for advice and services. However, ICES was making 1993/1994 was 35% (contribution to ICES: DKK a determined effort to increase the cost recovery from 205,700; costto ICES: DKK583,578). The General Sec­ regulatory commissions and a reduction in NASCO's retary had presented these figures to the Finance and annual contribution to the average cost recovery level of Administration Committee of IBSFC in early September all commissions would be likely to be counterproductive 1995; IBSFC was highly surprised to learn of the dis­ in a) giving the commissions which were lagging behind a crepancy between their contribution and costs to ICES signal that they were not expected to raise their cost re­ and agreed to give the matter serious attention. Finally, covery levels substantially, and b) create an even greater the Committee's attention was drawn to an addendum to total deficit for ICES. The Bureau at its meeting on 20 Doc. C.M. 1995/Del:3 (to be dealt with under Agenda September 1995 had agreed to stand firm on the principle Item 4 of the Delegates Meeting) - a communication re­ of 100%cost recovery. ceived from the US State Department via the US Em­ bassy in Copenhagen in which the US called upon ICES The General Secretary emphasised that the need to in­ to develop a consistent approach concerning client organi­ crease cost recovery had only been firmly put on the sation contributions to ICES; the US communication ad­ Council's Agenda at the 1994 Council Meeting. Since vocated reduction in NASCO's level of cost recovery to then all regulatory commissions had received a letter the average of the 'client organisations contributing to (April 1995) notifying them of the Council's decision to ICES'. implement 100% cost recovery as well as details regard­ ing how such cost recovery would be determined. All The Chairman thanked the General Secretary and the commissions had now been requested to kindly provide Secretariat for producing a comprehensive overview of tangible indications of movement towards the goal of cost recovery from the fishery regulatory commissions. 100% cost recovery by 1996/1997. However, NASCO He urged that one follow the model of the ICES - had indicated that it would defer making an increase in its OSPARCOM MoU which was highly successful. One contributions for 1995/1996 to ICES; it would retain the had to carefully balance the legitimate need for increased difference in expectation that ICES would be able to cost recovery with a need to maintain a good working make suitable progress in raising the cost recovery per­ relationship between ICES and the commissions. centages of other commissions. He viewed the NASCO proposal for 1996 as being less than considerate in the In the following discussion it was emphasised that the light of the speed with which ICES had already taken majority of the government ministries providing national action with the other commissions it did business with. contributions to ICES were connected with fisheries rather than the environment. In the case of many Member After further discussion, the Committee concluded that: Countries of ICES, there was a separation between the • ICES should remain firm on its decision to achieve budgets of the fishery ministries and the environment 100% cost recovery as soon as possible from regula­ ministries. In some Member Countries, such as the USA, tory commissions addressing requests for advice to it annual contributions were paid in such a manner that they in return for them making annual contributions; were essentially independent of a particular ministry. It • As far as possible, all regulatory commissions should was acknowledged that NASCO was an exemplary be treated in an equitable manner regarding cost re­ commission regarding the level of cost recovery covery percentages; achieved. However, it was urged that ICES should not • The draft ICES - OSPARCOM MoU with its fman­ agree to any further decrease in cost recovery from cial annexes should function as the model for ICES to NASCO. Furthermore, it was proposed that ICES Dele­ draw up for the other regulatory commissions; gates should refer the difficulties ICES currently experi­ • All requests for information and advice received by enced with cost recovery to their peer ministries. ICES from regulatory commissions should be broken

85 down into their component parts and these compo­ 1995. The Bureau had a list of candidates for the office nents costed as parts of the whole; but had not yet made a decision. The Committee was • It should be made known to the regulatory commis­ encouraged to submit the names of possible candidates it sions that they should indicate what components of the might wish to put forward for the consideration of the ICES Work Programme they wished ICES to give Bureau. Submissions should be made either via the priority to where there was a large discrepancy be­ Chairman or through the First Vice-President to the Bu­ tween their annual contribution to ICES and the cost reau. of carrying out the whole work programme; • An ICES Policy on Cost Recovery from Regulatory Agenda Item 9 MATTERS REFERRED TO Commissions should be developed in the form of a COMMITTEE BY BUREAU OR document with the aim of achieving clear consensus COUNCIL from Member Countries on the issue. It should be The General Secretary informed the Chairman that he made clear what advice had to be paid for. ICES was not aware of any matters referred to the Committee Delegates should be requested to assist in providing by the Bureau or the Council. input on the views of the legitimate authorities in their countries on the issue while also elucidating for them Agenda Item 10 ANY OTHER BUSINESS the difficulties faced by ICES in carrying out its tasks for regulatory commissions when the work pro­ There being no other business, the Chairman thanked the grammes expected from ICES frequently bare little Committee members for their attention and co-operation. relationship to the financial contributions received from the commissions. Dr Olsson noted that this was the last meeting of his three-year period of office and thanked the Committee for his colleagues in the Committee for having contributed to Agenda Item 8 APPOINTMENT OF ONE MEM­ a productive and congenialcollaboration. BER OF FINANCE COM­ MITTEE The Chairman expressed his gratitude and that of the Committee for the diligence with which Dr Olsson had The General Secretary informed the Committee that the conducted his duties. Bureau would be proposing the name of a Delegate to succeed Dr I. Olsson (Sweden) to the Council for its ap­ The Chairman adjourned the meeting at 11.35 hrs. proval for the three-year period starting on 1 November

DOCUMENTS

FI:1 Agenda forthe Finance Committee Del:1 Audited Accounts for Financial Year 1993/1994 Del:3 Co-operation with Other International Organisations: Working Relationships and Financial Ar­ rangements Del:4 Estimated Accounts forFinancial Year 1994/1995 Del:5 Draft Budget forFinancial Year 1995/1996 Del:6 Draft Forecast Budget for Financial Year 1996/1997 Del:20 Cost Recovery from ICES Customers

86 REPORT OF PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE

Chairman: Dr M. P. Sissenwine

The Committee met on Monday 25 September beginning Symposium held in Reykjavik, Iceland, 23-27 August at 09.00 hrs. All members were present, together with 1993, was published in November 1994. Volume 199, Prof. P. Miilkki, representing the Bureau, the General "Shellfish Life Histories and Shellfishery Models", Secretary, Mr J. W. Ramster, Assistant Editor of the based on the Symposium held in Moncton, New ICES Journal of Marine Science, Dr A. Richford of Brunswick, Canada, 25-29 June 1990, was, after pro­ Academic Press, and Mrs J. Rosenmeier, Technical tracted delays, published in July 1995, with the valuable Editor. The Chairman opened the meeting by stressing assistance of the Chairman of the Consultative Commit­ the importance of the publications as the principal vehicle tee. The next consecutive number in this series, Vol­ by which ICES could be known to a wider public and by ume 200, had been assigned to "Zooplankton Produc­ means of which its impact could be strengthened and tion", which was published as Vol. 52 (nos. 3 and 4) of extended. the ICES Journal of Marine Science. Volume 201 would contain selected papers presented at the Sympo­ sium on "Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish", held in Ber­ Agenda Item 1 APPROVAL OF AGENDA gen, Norway, 21-23 June 1993. Although it had been difficult to collect the final papers, the volume would be The draft Agenda (Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:1) was ac­ published in November/December 1995, thanks to the cepted as presented. efforts of the Editor-in-Chief, Dr Karin Pittman.

Timely publication of ICES Fisheries Statistics had con­ Agenda Item 2 REVIEW OF PUBLICATION tinued to be a problem, owing to the absence of data ACTIVITIES IN 1994/1995 from Spain and inadequate area allocations in the data from France. The publication of Volume 74 (data for The General Secretary presented Doc. C.M. 1995/ 1989) had been repeatedly postponed. At the Mid-Term Pub:2 and briefly reviewed publication activities during Meeting in June 1995, the Bureau had decided that the the year, noting that a number of topics would be dis­ volume would be put into production, with an explana­ cussed under subsequent agenda items. tory note pointing out that the material was not complete or alternatively that certain data stemmed from ICES Three regular numbers of the ICES Journal of Marine estimates. Members of the Committee commented on Science had been published, and most notably, as Vol­ the advantages and disadvantages of publishing the exist­ ume 52 (nos. 3 and 4), "Zooplankton Production", the ing, albeit incomplete, data in various ways, and proceedings of the Symposium on "Zooplankton Pro­ thought that serious consideration should be given to duction: Measurement and Role in Global Ecosystems matters relating to whether published estimates might Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycles", which was held subsequently be challenged. in Plymouth, England, 15-19 August 1994. This was the first number in the series to be based on an ICES Oceanographic Data Lists and Inventories was no Symposium and had been completed by all concerned longer pertinent to today's demands in its conventional with commendable dispatch. Volume 53 (2), the April paper format, since readers were interested in capturing 1996 number, was scheduled to contain the proceedings the data as well. Accordingly, the material sanctioned of the Symposium on "Fisheries and Plankton Acous­ for unlimited distribution had been made accessible via tics", held in Aberdeen, Scotland, 12-16 June 1995. It theICES homepage on the Internet World Wide Web. was expected that the proceedings of the Symposium on "Changes in the North Sea Ecosystem and Their Causes: Arhus 1975 Revisited", which was held in Ar­ Agenda Item 3 SALE OF ICES PUBLICA­ hus, Denmark, 11-14 July 1995, would be published in TIONS DURING THE LAST Volume 53 during the autumn/winter of 1996. The pro­ THREEYEARS ceedings of the NAFO/ICES Symposium on "The Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem", held in Dart­ During the discussion of Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:3, it was mouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, 6-8 September 1995, suggested that a company such as UNIPUB, which would be published by NAFO in the Journal of North­ handles, for example, the publications of PAO, might west Atlantic Fishery Science but with adequate repre­ assist the Council in marketing the current series to an sentation of the Council's role through, among other international audience. Sales from the Secretariat had means, the use of its logo on the cover. benefited notably from the distribution of a simple flyer describing recent ICES publications, along with adver­ In the ICES Marine Science Symposia series, Volume tising for the ICES Journal that Academic Press had 198, "Cod and Climate Change", stemming from the sent to extensive mailing lists. In addition, it was men-

87 tioned that the Council might be able to join the adver­ The Chairman of the Consultative Committee supple­ tising of Academic Press on the Internet as well as con­ mented the Editors' Report by informing the Committee tinuing to establish its own direct contacts. of proposals regarding future Symposia to be held by ICES alone or in collaboration with other groups and Sales from the Secretariat had been high in 1993/1994, which might be expected to result in proceedings pub­ the most recent year for which statistics were available lished in the ICES Journal. These included: "Seabirds (DKK 213 871), particularly for the ICES Cooperative in the Marine Environment", to be held in Glasgow, Research Report series (DKK 60 646) and for the ICES Scotland, 22-24 November 1996; the ICES/NASCO Marine Science Symposia series (DKK 131 119), which Symposium on "Interactions between Salmon Cultures consolidated the position of the latter as the Council's and Wild Stocks of Atlantic Salmon: The Scientific and principal source of income from publications. The Sec­ Management Issues", to be held in Bath, England, 17- retariat had purchased copies of "Zooplankton Produc­ 22 April 1997; "The Temporal Variability of Plankton tion" (ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 52 and Their Physico-Chemical Environment", to be held (nos. 3 and 4)) for complimentary distribution as well as in Kiel, Germany, in the spring of 1997; "The Role of sales. Physical and Biological Processes in the Recruitment Dynamics of Marine Populations", to be held in con­ The role played by personal subscriptions to the ICES junction with the 1997 ICES Annual Science Confer­ Journal, which were priced at approximately half the ence in the USA; "Benthos Ecology", to be held in institutional rate and which might conceivably be mis­ April 1998; "The Evaluation and Implementation of used to service larger groups, was briefly discussed. It Management Strategies for Fisheries in an Uncertain was pointed out that other publishers of books and peri­ World", to be held in 1998; and "Artificial Reefs and odicals had developed ways of marketing designed to Habitat Enhancement", to be held in 1999. provide maximum convenience to prospective purchas­ ers. The Committee addressed these issues as a matter The Editor of the ICES Journal expected that work pre­ of general interest but did not attempt to draw any con­ sented at the 1995 Mini-Symposium on Arctic Oceano­ clusions beyond recording the view that efforts should graphic Processes would be submitted for publication, be continued to find ways to make the publications bet­ as would contributions to a number of the 1995 Theme ter known and available to a wider audience. Sessions.

In discussing the recurring problem posed by the late Agenda Item 4 ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE return of papers by referees, it was suggested that an SCIENCE honorarium, or the offer of an ICES publication to be selected from a list, might act as an impetus. It was 4.1 Editors' Report for 1994/1995 pointed out that the high number of referees and the negative state of the ICES/Academic Press joint account Professor J. H. S. Blaxter presented Doc. C.M. would militate against any sort of financial remunera­ 1995/Pub:4 and called attention to the maintenance of tion, but that ICES publications might be used for this submissions to the ICES Journal at the same level as in purpose. Highlighting the work of referees who had recent years, with 85 manuscripts received between July made a special contribution could be a welcome gesture. 1994 and July 1995. The rejection rate was about 20%, which the Editor believed was somewhat low. The im­ The Chairman of the Consultative Committee suggested portant role played by Dr D. J. Garrod was gratefully that the Editors of the ICES Journal consider selecting acknowledged in view of his willingness to take on particular areas that they would like to see accorded some of the responsibilities of one of the Assistant Edi­ greater coverage; the Consultative Committee might be tors, Mr S. J. Smith, who had been prevented from car­ able to encourage relevant scientists and groups to give rying them out. their attention to these areas.

It was expected that publication of the Symposium pro­ 4.2 Academic Press Publisher's Report for ceedings volume, "Zooplankton Production", would 1995 improve and greatly enhance the general standing of the ICES Journal. The lack of ideal correspondence be­ Dr A. Richford presented Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:5 and tween the dates when ICES Symposia were held and the commented on the significant role played by the publi­ publication schedule of the ICES Journal was a matter cation of "Zooplankton Production" in increasing the of concern but not an insurmountable problem, given growth of the ICES Journal, particularly in light of the some flexibility on all sides. The proceedings of the apparent ceiling on the expansion of subscriptions. At Symposia on, respectively, "Fisheries and Plankton the same time, it was important to remember that the Acoustics" and "Changes in the North Sea Ecosystem publication of Symposium proceedings was but one and Their Causes: Arhus 1975 Revisited", were sched­ factor and that the principal way to increase the growth uled forpublication in 1996. and reputation of the journal was through attracting and

88 publishing the best material attainable in the "regular" terests of the ICES community; it was pointed out, for numbers. It was noted that the most recent ISI citation example, that some of the most successful meetings had ratings for the ICES Journal (1993) had shown signs of concerned the social and economic aspects of fisheries recovery after the drop observed following the change management. The current statement on the scope of the of name from Journal du Conseil and the attendant loss ICES Journal appeared to be sufficiently broad to allow of recognition. of various interpretations. It was vital that papers on all subjects, certainly including those on the "newer" top­ Academic Press was planning to undertake generic, ics, be subjected to the usual standards of peer review. rather than specific, promotion of the ICES Journal, It was noted that most of the papers presented in recent marketing it jointly with other marine science and ecol­ fishery-management oriented Theme Sessions would not ogically oriented periodicals rather than on its own. meet these standards. The deficit in the joint account showed signs of turning in the near future; by the end of 1995, owing to the Annex 4 of Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:7, on "FAQ Fishery greatly increased revenues derived from the inclusion in Management Case Studies", was presented for the in­ the series of the Symposium volume (GBP 83 045, formation of the Committee and briefly discussed. It compared with GBP 44 308 for 1994), the net loss for was pointed out that the material was still in an explora­ the year was estimated at GBP 1807, representing a tory stage and that it would be premature to try to draw sharp drop compared with previous years. any conclusions.

In surveying the list of subscribers broken down by country, the low numbers forSouth America were noted Agenda Item 5 ICES COOPERATIVE in particular, and it was proposed that means be found RESEARCH REPORT SERIES to try to furnish certain developing countries with sub­ scriptions. Both the UN Food and Agriculture Organi­ The General Secretary presented Doc. C.M. zation (FAO) and the European Union provided fman­ 1995/Pub:8 and an overview of the numbers produced cial support for development on such a vast scale that during the past year. He called particular attention to subscription costs would constitute only a minuscule No. 200, the "Report of the Study Group on Ecosystem portion of their total funding. Distributing ICES publi­ Effects of Fishing Activities", and to the bilingual Eng­ cations (among others) more widely in these countries lish/French version of the "ICES Code of Practice on would help to fill enormous gaps in knowledge; how­ the Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms ever, the problem of how to facilitate such distribution 1994" stemming from No. 204. It was noted that the remained to be settled. The General Secretary pointed Secretariat expected to be able to complete its part of out that the Council was holding a substantial store of the work on the "Guide to the Identification of North ICES publications and that it might be possible to inter­ Sea Fish Using Premaxillae and Vertebrae" by late est FAO in assisting with the transfer of some of them autumn, following a series of postponements owing to to the libraries and relevant institutes of developing the intervention of other tasks. countries. Emphasis was placed on the use in the Secretariat of The sections of Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:5 and Doc. C.M. new PCs and integrated software since the 1994 Annual 1995/Pub:6 relating to electronic media were discussed Science Conference (as urged by the Publications under Age:µda Item 11. Committee during its last meeting), which had greatly enhanced theproduction of in-house publications includ­ 4.3 Scope and Area of Interest of the ICES ing tables and illustrations encapsulated in the text. The Journal of Marine Science continued need for further development of the Secretar­ iat's capabilities, with the assistance of modern technol­ Continuing the discussion initiated last year and ad­ ogy, was stressed. The Print Shop should be integrated dressed in Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:7, the Editor raised the electronically with the rest of the Secretariat, which issue of whether or not the scope of the ICES Journal would enable it to receive and process material transmit­ should be broadened by including papers with, for ex­ ted over the computer network, and to print on short ample, an economic and social science orientation. In­ notice according to immediate demand. The ability to creasing the diversity of topics included would be a print on demand would eventually obviate the recurring mistake if it led to a loss of authoritativeness and iden­ need for more storage space for the ever increasing tity. A principal question concerned the way in which supply of publications. It would benefit the Council if one wanted the ICES Journal to be perceived. Mem­ this series, as well as other in-house publications, could bers of the Committee expressed divergent views: some be added to the ICES material now being disseminated were of the opinion that it was most important to main­ on the World Wide Web. Publication votes that had not tain the present focus in order to avoid weakening the been used could well be allocated to these projects. journal, particularly in view of other changes that had been introduced in recent years; and others considered it Members of the Committee strongly endorsed the Secre­ most important to serve the widening and evolving in- tariat's efforts to strengthen its effectiveness and to up-

89 grade the Council's publications through the use of the Secretariat and, as recorded in the Editor's Report electronic technology, and they urged the Bureau to (Doc. C.M. 1995/E:18), were close to completion. The support these efforts without prejudice to the issue of series appeared to be a viable one, and several Study costs. The initial investments required would, apart and Working Groups, as well as a number of external from the immediate benefits, eventually result in sub­ groups and information retrieval agencies, had ex­ stantial savings in the Council's budget. pressed an interest in receiving new numbers. Unfortu­ nately, publication had been delayed to a great extent by the heavy demands placed on the Environment Group in Agenda Item 6 ICES IDENTIFICATION the Secretariat by, among others, regulatory commis­ LEAFLETS FOR PLANKTON sions to which the Council provided advice and services in return for a financial contribution. It was pointed out The Secretariat had received five manuscripts for the that it was important, when setting priorities, to keep in series ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton and was mind the needs of the Council and the wider scientific counting on putting them into production during the community, even when they might appear to conflict winter of 1995/1996. Publication had been delayed by with those of the regulatory commissions, not least in the workload in the Secretariat as well as the necessity view of the incomplete cost recovery from the commis­ of contracting with a new printer able to handle the de­ sions. manding format, including numerous photographs. Members of the Committee reviewed the Editor's Re­ The Committee discussed the advantages and disadvan­ port (Doc. C.M. 1995/L:1) and wished to record their tages that might accrue from publishing selected manu­ appreciation of his initiative and activity in soliciting scripts in the ICES Journal of Marine Science. Among and delivering new manuscripts. the benefits would be the wider distribution of the ma­ terial so that it would reach a larger public, and the possibility that this would help to increase the citation Agenda Item 7 ICES IDENTIFICATION rate of the periodical. A potential difficulty might lie in LEAFLETS FOR DISEASES the necessity of reworking and adapting manuscripts AND PARASITES OF FISH containing information designed to fulfil other purposes AND SHELLFISH than those generally stated for the ICES Journal. It was noted that the potential audience for the material in the The French translation of a manuscript on Stephanos­ TIMES series, and the way in which readers gained ac­ tomum tenue had just been received by the Secretariat cess to it, should be kept in mind when making deci­ for this series, the first new material to appear since the sions about the mode of publication. It was agreed that last set of ten leaflets was issued in January 1992. The the Editors of the ICES Journal and the Chairman of the Editor's Report was noted (Doc. C.M. 1995/F: 1). Rep­ Consultative Committee should determine if any of the resentations had been made by the Chairman of the currently scheduled TIMES manuscripts would be suit­ Consultative Committee, and he could report that five able for publication in the ICES Journal. As an aid to more manuscripts were in various stages of preparation shortening the time of production, unused publication and in addition, approximately 30 others had been votes that had been carried forward for some years promised or were otherwise tentatively scheduled. The might be allocated not only to covering traditional pub­ precise status of these manuscripts remained to be clari­ lication costs but to engaging needed assistance as well. fied, and as an extension of this topic, the Committee expressed its interest in discussing the editorship of this and other series (see Agenda Item 10). Members were concerned to note the length of time it had taken to Agenda Item 9 ROLE OF ICES PUBLICA­ supply the material eventually submitted and wished to TIONS IN THE WORK OF THE look into the possibility of putting the series on a firmer COUNCIL and more stable basis. It was pointed out that readers continued to express a lively interest in the "Disease The Committee reaffirmed the critical and central role Leaflets" and that past numbers had sold steadily over of publications, but owing to time constraints, this topic the years. would have to be discussed at a later time. In order to be responsive to the Agenda, which had asked the Committee to review the distribution lists for the publi­ Agenda Item 8 ICES TECHNIQUESIN cations, the Secretariat would review the lists and would MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL expect to pass on its observations in the course of the SCIENCES coming year. Members touched briefly on the lack of time to cover the Agenda in an adequate way and, given Several manuscripts in the series ICES Techniques in the difficulty of finding time for additional meetings, Marine Environmental Sciences had been received by stressed the importance of intersessional contacts.

90 Agenda Item 10 ROLE OF EDITORS OF ICES HEFCE-affiliated institutions. These and other permu­ PUBLICATIONS tations of granting access to ICES publications via elec­ tronic media remained to be explored. The Secretariat Members of the Committee expressed concern over had embarked upon various projects to make use of ftp, signs that certain Editors were finding it difficult or im­ the Internet World Wide Web, and other possibilities possible to meet the responsibilities attendant upon their and intended to expand them. The Committee wished to positions. It was considered important that a mecha­ encourage the Secretariat to continue to develop its nism be put into place that would make it easier for command and use of these resources and would urge the them, as well as the Council, to remedy such problems. Bureau to offer all possible support, including the fi­ In some instances the best solution would be to appoint nancial means, to pursue these initiatives. Furthermore, new Editors or Co-Editors who could be expected to the Committee noted the need for a comprehensive honour their commitments and meet those responsibili­ evaluation of options and priorities for electronic publi­ ties. Accordingly it was proposed that the fixed terms cation and communication, and for a strategic plan to of appointment that were customary with other Council achieve the desired options. positions also be made applicable to editorial posts; the three-year terms of office would be subject to renewal. The possibility of establishing a post for an Editor-in­ Agenda Item 12 ICES CENTENARY AND PUB­ Chief who could oversee all of the Council's publica­ LISHINGPLANS tions was also mentioned, but before such a step could be explored considerable thought would have to be The General Secretary sketched in the present state of given to the role played by the Publications Committee. plans forthe Centenary, involving the establishment of a Again, owing to time constraints, further discussion of Committee that would be able to provide guidance and this topic would have to take place at a later time. ideas, some of which touched upon potential develop­ ment of appropriate publications, moving beyond, for example, the content of "Seventy Years Agrowing". Agenda Item 11 ICES PUBLICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA Agenda Item 13 MATTERS REFERRED TO This subject was considered particularly in the context COMMITTEE BY BUREAU OR of Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:5 and Doc. C.M. 1995/Pub:6 COUNCIL from Academic Press, both of which presented new perspectives on ways in which the eroding base of li­ No matters were referred to the Committee. brary resources for subscriptions could be countered by new approaches, involving in essence the replacement of subscriptions by licences giving free electronic access Agenda Item 14 ANY OTHERBUSINESS to users affiliated with particular libraries. Academic Press had just signed an agreement with the UK Higher No other business was referred to the Committee. Education Funding Council (HEFCE) whereby it would receive a lump sum in exchange forproviding electronic There being no other business, the Chairman thanked versions of all its journals (including the ICES Journal those present and adjourned the meeting at 13.30 hrs. of Marine Science) for distribution on the closed net of

Pub:1 Agenda for the Publications Committee Pub:2 Review of ICES Publication Activities in 1994/1995 Pub:3 Sale of ICES Publications during the Last Three Years Pub:4 ICES Journalof Marine Science: Editors' Report for 1994/1995 Pub:5 Academic Press Publisher's Report for 1995: ICES Journalof Marine Science Pub:6 Keeping the Minutes of Science (Academic Press) Pub:7 Scope and Area of Interest of the ICES Journalof Marine Science Pub:8 ICES Cooperative Research ReportSeries: Editor's Report for 1994/1995

REFERENCE PAPERS: E:18, F:1 and L:1

91 REPORT OF MID-TERM MEETINGOF CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE

ICES Headquarters, 1-2 June 1995

INTRODUCTION owing by Secretariat Staff, and Schedule of ICES Meetings and List of CM Codes; In accordance with C.Res.1994/2:2, the Consultative 12) Summary of Discussion and Conclusions of Committee met at ICES Headquarters from 1-2 June MAST/ICES Meeting MAST-DGXII, Brussels, De­ 1995. All members of the Committee, as well as the cember 1994; President, General Secretary, Environment Secretary, 13) Draft Report of the Working Group on Cod and Oceanography Secretary, and Fishery Secretary, partici­ Climate Change; pated in the meeting. 14) Draft Report of the ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Cli­ mate Backward-Facing Workshop; As the Chairman (Dr R. C.A. Bannister) had been unex­ 15) Telefax from Dr S. Murawski regarding a Revised pectedly detained through bad weather affecting air­ Proposal for the Cod and Climate Data Base Work­ travel, the General Secretary proposed, and the Commit­ shop; tee endorsed, the appointment of Mr S. Carlberg 16) Letter from Dr M. Tasker (Joint Nature Conserva­ (Chairman of the Marine Environmental Quality Commit­ tion Committee, UK) regarding an ICES Symposium tee) as interim Chairman until Dr Bannister's arrival at on Seabirds; 12.15 hrs on the first day. 17) 'Extracts' of Minutes fromACME; 18) 'Extracts' of Minutes from ACFM; 1 OPENING 19) Model Agenda forSubject/Area Committees; 20) a) Letter from International Commission for Con­ The meeting was opened at 09.10 hrs. All participants servation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) regarding were welcomed, especially the Chairman of those co-operation on shark by-catch, Committees (ANACAT Fish, Hydrography, Marine b) General Secretary's Reply to ICCAT mammals, and Statistics) who were attending their first 21) Report of Programme Planning Group Mid-Term Meeting after having been elected to their 22) Report of the Pilot Project for Recording of Non­ positions at the 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd Commercial Fishes in ICES Sea Area; Statutory Meeting). 23) Proposal from Iceland for 'Tagging' as a Theme Session for1996 Annual Science Conference; 2 ADOPTIONOF AGENDA AND TIMETABLE 24) Supplementary Information from ACME: ICES Role in Environmental Monitoring. The revised Draft Agenda as telefaxed by the General Secretary to the Committee members on 25 May 1995 3 IMPROVEMENTS TO THE FORMAT AND was adopted by the Committee. It was agreed that agenda CONDUCT OF THE ANNUAL SCIENCE item 2, and as much as possible of agenda item 5 be dealt CONFERENCE, WITH PARTICULAR RE­ with under interim chairmanship until Dr Bannister ar­ GARD TO THE 1994 AND 1995 ANNUAL rived. SCIENCE CONFERENCES

The following materials were available as documentation The Chairman summarised the results of the question for the meeting: and comments sheet sent to Committee members after the 1994 Conference. Organisation, information and 1) Annotated Agenda; communications at the St John's venue were rated as 2) Draft Agenda/Revised Agenda; extremely effective. The Opening Session was widely 3) 1994 Report of Mid-Term Meeting of Consultative regarded as the best ever, the talk by the Minister of Committee; Fisheries and Oceans (Mr Brian Tobin) being very ef­ 4) Report of Consultative Committee from 1994 Annual fective, but the Open Lecture and the Meeting Preview Science Conference; by the Chairman of the Consultative Committee less so. 5) Report of the Ad Hoe Group on the ICES Secretariat Theme Sessions were effective in number and quality, Databases; but discussion was viewed as ineffective. Joint Sessions 6) Scheme for Improved Profiling of ICES; were much less effective all-round. In the Subject/ Area 7) Guidelines forDrafting Recommendations; Committee science sessions, time-scheduling and the 8) Guidelines for Committee Chairmen; quality of presentations were reasonably effective, but 9) Instructions for Rapporteurs; attendance and discussion quality were not effective. 10) Arrangements for 1995 Annual Science Conference Committee business sessions were not well attended, (83rd Statutory Meeting); but time scheduling and the processing of recommenda­ 11) C.M. 1995/Gen:6 "1994/1995 Overview of ICES tions were very effective, and discussion and the vetting Committees and Subsidiary Groups and their Shad- of reports were reasonably effective. Most Committees

92 had moved successfully towards a more clear-cut sepa­ meeting participants were likely to be in favour of re­ ration of business and science sessions. Theme Session taining texts, and on these grounds the Chairman did U ('The Next Steps') and the Closing Session were very not pursue any further debate on this issue. Posters, effective. One member felt that although the department which were generally disappointing in number and of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) had established a post­ quality, needed further encouragement. Poster authors meeting Press Conference on behalf of ICES, other op­ currently had the option of providing a supporting portunities for media coverage of positive research re­ manuscript at the poster sessions. sults or interesting ICES activities had not been realised (see also agenda item 17). The General Secretary emphasised that the current practice of sending copies of papers to Subject/Area At the conclusion of this agenda item, the Chairman Committee members in advance of the Annual Science provided a brief overview of progress made by the Bu­ Conference was very expensive, and unproductive as a reau Working Group on the Structure of ICES (BWG) substantial number of the members discarded these and its draft report. Section 1 of the draft report de­ copies. After some discussion it was agreed to experi­ scribed the main objectives of ICES, summarised the ment this year by sending copies of scientific papers to main areas of its current activity, and identified a wide Subject/ Area Committee Chairmen only, although the range of scientific topics, and interactions with interna­ President pointed out that this would mean some insti­ tional organisations, which represented potential growth tutes might not get copies of some papers until the points for the future. Section 2 described the present bound sets were distributed several months after the working arrangements, and various options for how Annual Science Conference. these might be changed. It was considered as inappro­ priate to describe these options in detail at this stage 5 APPROVAL OF DRAFf PROGRAMME OF prior to the 21-22 June 1995 Bureau meeting, and fur­ SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS FOR TIIE 1994 ther drafts and discussion by the BWG. The options, STATUTORY l\1EETING however, included proposals to group the work of the existing Committees on a more integrated and cross The General Secretary briefly reviewed the facilities and disciplinary basis to achieve more effective science meeting rooms that would be available at the Aalborg planning, and to reduce the number of links in the ICES Hall, Denmark. It was noted that the facilities for holding business chain. Three models had been proposed to the the Conference were likely to be among the best yet ex­ Bureau for achieving these objectives in different ways, perienced for an annual Council Meeting, and that the with distinct implications for the existing Committee rooms for the scientific sessions were all suitably large. structure, ranging from minimal to maximal change, An overview was also given of the rooms for the Presi­ and these were in the process of being developed, dent and General Secretary, the Editor and Assistant evaluated, and examined against their likely effective­ Editor of the ICES Journal of Marine Science, the ness in practice. Chairman of the Consultative Committee and the Profes­ sional Secretaries (Environment, Fishery, and Oceanog­ 4 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF ANNUAL raphy) and the ICES Secretariat. Attention was also SCIENCE CONFERENCE PAPERS drawn to various receptions, the History Dinner, excur­ sions, coffee/tea and eating facilities, and hotel accom­ Overall, the science sessions were much improved, but modation. there were still too many papers presented, so that de­ spite the acclaimed success of the printed Agendas and The Oceanography Secretary reviewed the Report of the timetables ('Green List'), discussion was too limited in Programme Planning Group (PPG). The PPG consisted time and quality, thus greatly reducing the benefit ob­ of the Chairman of the Consultative Committee together tained from having such a large number of scientists with the ICES Oceanography and Fishery Secretaries and assembled together. A clear majority of the Consultative the General Secretary, and met on 29 May 1995 from Committees members, in responding to the Chairman's 0900 - 1230 hrs to review the allocation of papers, questionnaire, favoured adopting synchronous time posters, and reports submitted for the 1995 Annual scheduling in future. Organisation of the Documents Science Conference, and to prepare a draftprogramme of Room was highly effective, but the reduction in the sessions. The draft programme was submitted for the number of copies of scientific papers did not find fa­ consideration of the Consultative Committee. vour. It was agreed to return to the same number of copies of scientific papers used for the 1993 Statutory Review of Coding of Contributions Meeting. In the case of Study/Working Group reports it was acknowledged that having reduced numbers was In accordance with the method adopted in 1994 for acceptable, as many copies still remained untouched coding contributions, papers identified as being destined when the Annual Science Conference closed. Opinion for a Theme or Joint Session were coded only for that was divided regarding the option to retain or discard session, and not for a relevant Committee. Thus texts in the future, but all agreed that a printed set of contributions have been coded for the Committees A to N abstracts was a minimumrequirement. It was noted that as usual, and additionally codes for Theme Sessions O to

93 T had also been allocated. As usual the Mini-Symposium As usual four meeting rooms were available for titles were coded "Mini:", and the one Joint Session Committee, Theme and Joint Sessions, and the Mini­ coded as (B + D + G + H + K). An overview of the meeting Symposium. These were labelled Room 20 (the 'Little codes and other relevant statistics regarding contributions Theatre', accommodating about 270 persons), Room 10 for the 1995 Annual Science Conference are given in (the 'Guild Hall', accommodating about 130 persons), Annex 1. Room 18 (the 'Music Hall', accommodating about 200 persons), and Room 15 (the 'Parlour', accommodating The Group noted with satisfaction the encouraging about 200 persons). In addition the 'Europahallen' would number of contributions to the Mini-Symposium, and be used for the General Assembly, the Open Lecture, and several of the Theme Sessions, in particular Theme Theme Session U and theClosing Session. Session Q on "Intermediate scale physical processes ... ", and Theme Session S on the linking of science and Time Allocations management. The Oceanography Secretary drew attention to the In allocating Committee and Theme/Joint Session time­ number of documents submitted to Committees, Theme blocks, the Group took note of the need to avoid Sessions, the Joint Session and the Mini-Symposium. A overlapping sessions. The overlaps that were considered total of 479 titles had been submitted for the 1995 Annual important to avoid are listed in an Annex 1. This also Science Conference, two more than in 1994. A provides a list of Theme, Joint and Committee Sessions motivating factor in scheduling the various Sessions had relevant to the 1995 Annual Science Conference. been the desire to minimise the number of Sessions overlapping with the Mini-Symposium. It was proposed that the General Assembly would keep the format adopted for the 1994 Annual Science Con­ At the draft Programme Planning stage it was decided to ference (St John's, Canada) including a response to the allow for approximately 10 minutes for scientific papers Open Lecture by a scientist or administrator from Den­ presented to Committees, and 15 minutes for reports. For mark, yet to be identified. Theme Sessions 15 minutes was estimated foreach paper, and 20 minutes was estimated for each presentation in the The potential contents of Theme Session U (Joint Mini-Symposium. No specific time had been allocated for ACFM/ ACME Session and other matters identified by short introductions to the 26 Posters that have been the Consultative Committee Chairman and the President; submitted. with the President acting as Chairman) were considered at length. The discussion concluded that such a Session, The Chairman of the Consultative Committee indicated at the end of the meeting, remains an extremely valuable that he would like Chairmen of Sessions to prepare component of the Conference. For this year, it was Agendas with detailed timetables using a model template decided that this session should include: supplied by the Secretariat, preferably based on synchronous timing across all Sessions. These templates a) time allocated to ACFM, ACME and joint Advisory would allow Chairmen to allocate presentations (or Committee issues, preferably with an emphasis on groups of presentations) in 10 minute slots, or multiples strategic science issues (e.g., long term management thereof. As done in 1994, the Agendas and Orders of the measures, and GOOS) Day ('Green List') would be published with the "Yellow List" of papers (giving codes, author(s), and titles), b) each session Convenor (Mini-Symposium, Theme and requiring that timetables be diligently adhered to. These Joint Session) .should provide a concise report of would be submitted to the Secretariat during the events, the main thrust and conclusions reached. Each Consultative Committee meeting itself, but allowing session Convenor would be allocated 10 minutes, in­ necessary modifications to be made by 9 June 1995. cluding discussion. However, it was understood that withdrawals of c) an overview of advances and results of the ICES papers/posters, requiring further changes, would be likely GLOBEC related initiatives (e.g., ICES GLOBEC to occur up to the printing of the Yellow and Green Lists Project Office, Study/Working Groups, Work­ in early September. shops). d) an review of progress made by the Bureau Working The Consultative Committee noted that the trend from Group on the Structureof ICES. Committee to Theme/Joint Session papers had not been sustained. In 1995 75% of the Contributions were Since the amount of time scheduled for presentation in designated to Committees, compared with 68% in 1994, Theme Session U exceeded the usual 1.5 hrs allocation, it 78% in 1993, and 84% in 1992. It was also noted that: was proposed that the time allocated be increased to 2 hrs, with the subsequent moving backwards of the • the Hydrography and Marine Environmental Quality Closing Session by 30 minutes. This would be put to the Committees had a relatively low number of papers Bureau. submitted to them.

94 • the Statistics Committee planned to hold a joint The final agreed version of the programme of scientific meeting with EUROSTAT, justifying the relatively and business sessions forthe 'Blue Card' is also contained 1 generous amount of time allocated. in Annex 1 • • Session O had received a relatively large time allocation, but it was considered appropriate in order The Chairman of the Consultative Committee strongly to reflect the Session's co-sponsorship by IMO and urged the Committee to support his proposal that the Or­ IOC. der of the Day for the scientific programme at the Annual • the Joint Session (B + D +G + H + K) had only Science Conference be based on multiples of 10 minute attracted five submissions, making the Session barely blocks, thereby contributing to synchronous timing. This viable. This necessitated a scrutiny of the parent would allow participants at the Conference to better plan Committee Sessions to determine whether any papers their movements between the various Sessions in order to addressing the issue of selectivity might be follow presentations of their choice. The Committee transferred from these Committees to the Joint agreed to adhere to this in principle, but accepted that Session. It was noted that if Joint Sessions were to be Subject/ Area Committee Chairmen would be allowed to increasingly used at Annual Science Conferences exercise flexibility in grouping some presentations into then a more aggressive approach to soliciting smaller or larger blocks of time. contributions was required. Accordingly, last year had seen the appointment of Convenors for Joint Chairman drew attention to the principles of making a Sessions, with written descriptions of the aims and summary presentation, the use of the timetable to keep scope of Sessions being provided with the Call for speakers to their allotted time, and noted that authors of Papers. In spite of these measures having been papers on the timetable had a definite commitment to carried out the response to this particular Joint produce a paper and to present it in person or via a Session had been very disappointing. colleague.

The Committee generally agreed that there was a disap­ 6 1996 ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE: pointing response in the number of posters submitted, TOPICS/SPEAKERS/CONVENORS FOR considering the intention to give more emphasis to these OPEN LECTURE, MINI-SYMPOSIUM, AND at the Annual Science Conference. It was pointed out that THEME/JOINTSESSIONS it was probably necessary for future Annual Science Con­ ferences to advertise a named Theme Session solely for The General Secretary noted that there was a disappoint­ posters, thereby removing the apparent stigma attached to ingly large number of essential elements for the 1996 posters in ICES. Annual Science Conference (84th Statutory Meeting) in Reykjavik, Iceland, which still needed to be decided To allow the Committee Chairmen to vet individual upon. He emphasised that it was necessary to decide on a submissions for their Committees, the Chairman ad­ person, and title for the 1996 Open Lecture, as one tradi­ journed the Committee meeting in plenum. Inaddition, in tionally allowed more than a year for the lecture and ac­ the absence of Convenors of some of the Theme Sessions companying manuscript to be prepared. Currently no de­ and the Mini-Symposium, some Chairmen were given cision had been made as to the topic and Convenor(s) for responsibility to prepare draft agenda/timetables on their the Mini-Symposium. The Committee was reminded that behalf; it being understood, however, that the order of the following Theme and Joint Sessions were proposed at presentation and time allowed for individual presentations the 1994 Annual Science Conference, but had not yet might be changed later. On returning in plenum, it was been finally endorsed by the Committee: agreed to allocate more time to some of the Sessions than had originally been proposed by the PPG, while some • Theme Session on "Reproductive Disturbance of contributions were re-coded. Despite having clearly em­ Marine Species - Causes and Effects"; Possible Co­ phasised the need for informative abstracts in the Call for Convenors: Dr J. McDowell Capuzzo (USA) and Dr Papers, it was evident that some authors and institutions M. Heath (UK); still paid little attention to such directives. • Theme Session on "Results of the Baseline Study of Contaminants in Baltic Sediments"; Convenor: Dr Various alterations were made to the programme to M. Perttila (Finland)"; eliminate some obvious conflicts (e.g., overlap of certain • Joint Session of the Pelagic Fish and ANACAT Fish Committee and Theme/Joint Sessions). Committees on "Homing, Learning, and Migration: Observations and Hypotheses regarding Pelagic and It was agreed that the Chairman of the Consultative Anadromous Species." Convenors: Dr K. Friedland Committee and the President would provide a suitable (USA) and Dr R. Stephenson (Canada). title forTheme Session U by 9 June 1995. 1 The Programme of Scientific Sessions ('Blue Card') in Annex 1 includes the title of Theme Session U as sub­ sequently provided by the President andthe Chairman of the Consultative Committee.

95 The Chairman, in the absence of having received further Consultative Committee at the 1995 Annual Science firm proposals for Theme/Joint Sessions, and a Mini­ Conference. The required specifications would in­ Symposium for 1996, proposed that an examination of clude: appropriate title, parent Committee or ICES additional topics for consideration be addressed under Group, Convenor(s), and informative text describing agenda items 7.2 and 9.2 below. He stressed that that all the 'aim and scope' for the flyer. the necessary Theme and Joint Sessions, as well as a Mini-Symposium needed to be proposed and accepted by The preliminary list includes topics which may repre­ the Committee at the 1995 Annual Science Conference, at sent standing Theme Sessions available every year the latest, in order to be endorsed by Delegates. (marked *), as well as those which would occur on a once-only basis. It was understood that the above list for the 1996 Annual Science Conference was not an endorsement, and would Oceanic variability not exclude the possibility that additional proposals would be forthcoming when the Consultative Committee met 0 Influence of the marine environment on fish popula- next in Aalborg, Denmark. There was a perception that tion parameters the finalised and agreed Theme Sessions should prefera­ 0 Models as a tool in marine environmental research bly include topics relevant to Icelandic interests or , at 0 Modelling environmental and coastal interactions least, the surrounding sea areas. Sustainable resources Regarding the Open Lecture, for which invitations would normally have been issued already, the Chairman 0 Ecosystem effects of exploitation of living marine of the Consultative Committee had solicited a possible resources (Mini-Symposium/Symposium) Lecture entitled The North Atlantic Oscillation, by Dr 0 Tagging: Firm proposal for 1996. The Marine Re­ R. R. Dickson (UK) and also a possible Lecture on a search Institute of Iceland is co-ordinating a Con­ suitable topic by Dr K. Richardson (Denmark). The certed Action proposal to- the European Commission former option seemed particularly appropriate for the to assess the present use and reliability of tagging Iceland venue, and it was agreed to clarify the position methods used in fisheries assessments, and to work with Dr Dickson quickly, in the hope of pursuing a towards improvements in tagging methodology. It formal invitation. If this was not successful, Dr Rich­ would be topical and geographically relevant to hold ardson expressed her willingness to stand as an alterna­ a Theme Session on this at the 1996 Annual Science tive. This matter would be finalised as soon as possible, Conference (Reykjavik, Iceland). in order to achieve confirmation by the first session of 0 Improving the link between fisheries science and the Consultative Committee at the 1995 Annual Science management* Conference. The Chairman concluded by suggesting ⇒ economic/sociological/anthropological con- that Dr A.Laurec, Director of DGXIV (Fish Conserva­ siderations tion) of the European Commission, would be a possible ⇒ structural decision making choice for a future Lecture on fisheries management ⇒ evaluation of holistic systems issues, and that he would explore the matter with Dr ⇒ the role of scientific advice in fisheries Laurec prior to the 1995 Annual Science Conference. management (one area each year) In an attempt to take a more strategic, long-term, and interdisciplinary approach to the selection of future 0 Overfishing topics, the Subject/ Area Committee Chairmen were ⇒ Is it possible to unify the apparent differ­ organised into three Sub-Groups representing the fol­ ence in definitions by biologists and lowing major topics: economists? ⇒ What management measures can be suc­ • oceanic variability and productivity cessful in getting out of overfishing ? • sustainable resources ⇒ Are the objectives of biologists and • coastal zone studies economists compatible? with a view to producing an 'ideas list'. This also in­ 0 Sustainable fisheries*, focusing on one of the fol­ cluded additional ideas from the President (following lowing topics each year: contact with economists in IFREMER, France) and ⇒ stock collapse/extinction (comparative ap- from the Chairman. proach) ⇒ role of environmental fluctuations The list produced will be collated, edited and ranked ⇒ biological thresholds/constraints prior to the 1995 Annual Science Conference, permit­ ⇒ definitions of conservation and sustainabil­ ting the final selection of Theme/Joint Sessions, and ity Mini-Symposium to be made for 1996, and proposals ⇒ biodiversity - definition and relevance made for subsequent years. It was emphasised that 0 Management confronted with variability and uncer­ intersessional work would be required in order to tainty arrive at a firm decision at the first session of the

96 ⇒ How should managers deal with ecological c) "Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem" (co­ and economic variability and uncertainty? sponsored by NAFO and ICES); Co-Convenors: Mr ⇒ How should managers take into account J. Sigurj6nsson (Iceland) and Dr G. Stenson economic/financial difficulties of fisher­ (Canada); to be held in Dartmouth, NS, Canada, men? from 6-8 September 1995. ◊ Definition of management units: Dr K. Richardson (Chairman of ACME and one of the ⇒ Stocks straddling international fishing areas Symposium Co-Convenors) reported that the Arhus Sym­ may be exploited by several fleets, and posium would have about 40 papers and posters and some mobile fleets exploit several stocks in probably a relatively small number of participants. How­ different areas. How should managers de­ ever, it had originally been planned to restrict the number fine the management system, and should it of contributions to about this level. Although the Sympo­ be based on stocks, or on fisheries? sium would be small, it was likely to guarantee an ami­ ◊ Restocking programmes: cable and active participation. ⇒ successes and failures (ANACAT/Salmon Working Group) The Chairman of the Fish Capture Committee stated that ⇒ How can one reduce marine mammal by­ the Aberdeen Symposium had attracted about 600 regis­ catches? (active/passive actions) (Fish tered participants with about 140 papers and numerous Capture and Marine Mammals) posters. He commended the Convenor on having pre­ pared what would undoubtedly be a most successful Sym­ Coastal Zone Studies posium.

◊ Recent progress in integrated coastal zone manage- The General Secretary indicated that preparations for the ment - principles and results joint ICES/NAFO Symposium were progressing well, and that the Symposium was expected to attract a large ◊ Dynamics of algal blooms* number of participants. NAFO had declined an invitation ◊ Interactions of mariculture in coastal areas* from ICES to co-publish the proceedings, preferring to do so itself. ◊ Feeding strategies for mariculture The Chairman reminded theCom mittee that no Symposia ◊ Application of operational oceanography for protec­ had been endorsed for 1996. However, for 1997, the tion of coastal resources following Symposium had been endorsed at the 1994 An­ nual Science Conference: ◊ Modelling oceanographic processes for use in • "The Interactions of Wild and Reared Salmon, includ­ coastal resource and environmental studies. ing Fish from Ranching, Farming and Enhancement"; ◊ Disease-contaminant relationships in environmental Co-Convenors: Mr A. Youngson (UK) and Dr L.P. monitoring Hansen (Norway), to be held in the UK for 4 days in April 1997. A scientific Steering Group of 4-5 mem­ The Chairman of the Consultative Committee noted that bers would be established to assist the Co-Convenors Dr R. Elston (USA) would be prepared to act as Con­ in planning theSymposium. NASCO would be invited venor of a Theme Session or Mini-Symposium on the to co-sponsor the Symposium and nominate one Con­ topic of Identifying and Managing Diseases of Bivalve venor. The proceedings will be published in the ICES Shellfish in 1997. Journal.

7 STATUS OF ICES SYMPOSIA PREPARA­ The General confirmed that NASCO had appointed its TIONS Executive Secretary, Dr M. Windsor, as its Co­ Convenor. After some discussion with NASCO, it had 7.1 Symposia endorsed for 1995 and 1997 been agreed that ICES would assume the main responsi­ bility for the scientific sessions while NASCO would as­ The General Secretary recollected that the following sume responsibility for the management aspects relating Symposia would be takingpla ce in 1995: to salmonids. The Chairman pointed out that there had been some difficulties in the discussions with NASCO on a) "Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics"; Convenor: Mr the format for the Symposium but that these had hope­ E.J. Simmonds (UK); to be held in Aberdeen, UK, fully been resolved. The venue would be Bath, England from12-16 June 1995; (UK), and the dates were now set for 17-22 April 1997. b) "Changes in the North Sea Ecosystem and their causes: Arhus 1975 Revisited"; Co-Convenors: Prof. The General Secretary confirmed that encouraging prog­ N. Daan (Netherlands) and Dr K. Richardson ress had already been made in the planning of the Sym­ (Denmark); to be held in Arhus, Denmark, from 11- posium and that a report would be presented to the 14 July 1995; Committee in Aalborg. The only major difficulty remain­ ing was the question of the registration fee which ICES

97 preferred to keep to USD 100, in line with current prac­ The Chairman stated that the proposed Co-Convenors had tice, whereas NASCO appeared to favour a fee of GBP requested that Professor J. Shepherd, Southampton (UK) 200 - 250, substantially higher than the ICES figure. Such be included as a potential Co-Convenor in order to bring a high fee, it was felt, was likely to add an additional fi­ an European dimension to the planning process. Dr nancial burden for institutions working under tight budg­ Fogarty had solicited considerable interest in the Sympo­ etary constraints. This matter would, however, be dis­ sium from the US GLOBEC community, including offers cussed by the Bureau at its 21-22 June 1995 meeting. of papers, provided the Symposium was not held before 1997. The Chairman furtherinformed the Committee that 7 .2 Prospects and proposals forfuture Symposia it was likely that another venue, within a current ICES Member Country, would be proposed. In the ensuing No firm proposals had been previously received by the discussion about the proposed Symposium, the Commit­ Committee for Symposia to be held in 1996. However, tee firmly recommended that a clear link to ICES the Secretariat had received a telefaxfrom Dr M. Tasker, GLOBEC-related activities be established and acknowl­ a member of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology, edged in the planning process. The Committee endorsed a requesting that ICES give serious consideration to holding proposal that the new Chairman of the Hydrography a Symposium on an appropriate topic related to seabirds. Committee (Mr H. Loeng) be included as a member of The Oceanography Secretary informed the Committee the Planning Group, and Co-Convenor, for the purpose that the Chairman of the Working Group on Seabird of firmly coupling the planning process to ICES. It was Ecology had agreed to ensure that a recommendation to agreed that the General Secretary would write to Profes­ this end would be included in the report of the Working sor Shepherd inviting him to join the Planning Group, Group for the 1995 Annual Science Conference. with a view to being a Co-Convenor, and inform Profes­ sor Osborn and Fogarty of this as well as the decision to The Committee firmly supported the idea of holding a include the Chairman of the Hydrography Committee in Symposium on seabirds, and looked forward to consider­ the Planning Group. ing a firm proposal, with suitable justification, in Aal­ The Chairman of the Consultative Committee had re­ borg, Denmark. It was pointed out that it would be bene­ ceived a suggestion for ICES to co-sponsor a Sympo­ ficial for ICES to hold a Symposium in 1996 as the cur­ sium in the international series on Artificial Habitats rent lack of a Symposium in that year would severely and Reefs. This series currently operates on a four-year limit the number of pages in the ICES Journal. However, cycle, and a meeting will take place in Japan later in the likelihood of being able to give sufficient notice of 1995. There is growing interest in both northern and and preparation for a successful Symposium in 1996 was southern Europe in deploying artificial habitats for en­ questioned. hancement or re-stocking purposes, and as the topic embraces technical, ecological, fisheries management, The Committee considered that ICES should hold a Sym­ economic, and coastal zone management concerns, posium on some suitable topic of benthos ecology. This ICES could play an important role in contributing to would acknowledge the activities of the Benthos Ecology such a Symposium. It would be opportune to solicit in­ Working Group, the importance of benthos studies in the terest in the ICES role at the Japan meeting. The work of the now defunct North Sea Task Force, and Chairman indicated that he would provide further in­ benthos communities and assemblages as sources of in­ formation on this matter by the 1995 Annual Science formation on natural (e.g., depth, temperature, currents) Conference. as well as anthropogenic (e.g., contaminants, trawling) environmental gradients. The Chairman will initiate inter­ Further discussions in the Committee of relevance to sessional correspondence on this. possible future Symposia topics and prospects are in­ cluded under agenda item 7.3 below. The General Secretary reminded the Committee that its recommendation put forward forholding a Symposium on In conclusion, the Chairman emphasised that, in accor­ "The Role of Physical and Biological Processes in the dance with ICES custom, all Symposia proposals must be Dynamics of Marine Populations" had not been endorsed presented in a professional manner, with details of Con­ by Delegates because they were not convinced that the venors and wherever possible for the Steering Commit­ necessary support had been forthcoming from the appro­ tee, and supporting preamble and justification before they priate Subject/Area Committees, and that the suggested could be considered as firm proposals for subsequent en­ venue (Crete, Greece) would provide a suitable range of dorsement. He underlined that the appropriate parent facilities for holding the Symposium. Accordingly, a Committee Chairmen for these Symposia initiatives Symposium Planning Group had been established with a would need to ensure that suitable recommendations were view to holding a Symposium in Crete, Greece in 1996 or tabled in their Committees for the Annual Science Con­ 1997 withDr. M.J. Fogarty (USA) and Prof. T. Osborn ference in Aalborg. (USA) as Co-Convenors, with a view to preparing a re­ port for the 1995 Annual Science Conference.

98 7 .3 Prospects and proposals for Annual Science 2. Database strategy Conference long-term strategy ACME firmly encourages ICES to take all pos­ sible steps to make its various databases com­ The Chairman proposed that the Committee should patible, and to establish a Geographical Informa­ consider developing outline plans for Annual Science tion System (GIS) to bring the databases together. Conference sessions on a longer-term basis. It should ACME was frustrated at the lack of a clear ICES then be possible to be more coherent about blending strategy for developing and giving priority to par­ Symposia, Mini-Symposia and Theme/Joint Sessions of ticular databases, and was concerned that accept­ an individual nature with more generic and interdisci­ ing the establishment and maintenance of a par­ plinary topics. This might have the added benefit of ticular database at one time may prevent ICES allowing potential contributors to plan better quality and taking onboard another, possibly more important, more pertinent papers and posters well in advance, database later. thereby hopefully raising standards and enabling the Programme Planning Group to select a smaller number 3. Benthos database of quality contributions more easily. Once the selection of topics for the 1996 Annual Science Conference is ACME recommended the establishment of a completed, attempts will be made to use the topics listed benthos database at ICES because of its relevance under agenda items 6 and 9.2, to develop preliminary to matters of habitats, biotopes, biodiversity, and longer-term proposals for subsequent discussion and benthos community structure as reflecting envi­ endorsement. This approach is not intended to exclude ronmental forces and gradients. the acceptance of spontaneous new topics at short notice when these prove to be desirable or more attractive. 4. ICES role in environmental monitoring Based on an outline prepared at the May 1994 ACME 8 ADVISORY COMMITTEE (ACFM AND meeting and comments prepared by WGEAMS, ACME ACME) MATIERS has prepared a discussion paper on the current and poten­ tial role of ICES in environmental monitoring. ACME 8.1 Current issues recommended giving the paper a wide distribution (e.g., as a 'Gen:' paper) at the 1995 Annual Science Confer­ ACME ence. The Chairman of ACME drew attention to the following 5. Major environmental concerns over the next decade issues arising from the May 1995 ACME meeting of in­ terest to the Consultative Committee: ACME adapted material supplied by WGEAMS identifyingthe environmental areas likely to be of 1. Developments with QUASIMEME greatest consequence during the next decade. This will be included as a paper in the ACME report The Marine Chemistry Working Group (MCWG) in order to stimulate the direction of OSPAR­ had a long tradition for carrying out intercom­ COM and other 'customer' related activities. parison exercises, but this was being threatened by funding difficulties experienced by Member 6. Evolution of an ICES framework to handle issues Countries, particularly labour costs. The QUA­ relevant to sustainable development SIMEME Project, funded by the European Commission (EC) but with close links to the A Sub-Group of ACME was established to work MCWG, had resolved some of the financial diffi­ intersessionally and prepare a 'scope' paper for culties while emphasising the inability of the EC the 1995 Annual Science Conference. The paper to support those ICES Member Countries that are may form the basis for discussion at Theme Ses­ not part of the European Union. ICES and QUA­ sion U. SIMEME have been able to make informal ar­ rangements for the participation of non-EU coun­ 7. Information relevant to development of ecotoxicologi- tries in intercomparison exercises. However, the cal reference points QUASIMEME Project ceases in 1996, and plans ACME believes that the development of ecotoxi­ are being prepared for its replacement. There is a cological reference values is not a useful basis for distinct possibility that future QUASIMEME will establishing environmental regulation. ACME's consist of two parts: a) a commercial, non-profit view is based on the need to view contaminants as scheme for continuous proficiency testing in acting concurrently (e.g., through having syner­ which laboratories participate on a subscription gism, or antagonistic or competitive effects) basis, and b) an EU-funded time limited devel­ rather than independently. This advice is contrary opment project. ICES as well as HELCOM and to ongoing work in HELCOM and OSPARCOM. OSP AR COM have been invited to participate in the Steering Group for this future QUASIMEME. 8. Introductions and transfers of Marine Organisms

99 After considerable discussion, ACME adopted a the draft of the new Form of ACFM Advice be new definition of genetically modified organisms finalised at the autumn 1995 ACFM meeting. It (GMO) to be used in the Code of Practice. A was also proposed that the Form of Advice should leaflet for mass distribution of the Code of Prac­ contain more information about the strategy of tice will be printed shortly. ACFM in relation to wider objectives(e.g., maintenance of biodiversity, the ecosystem ef­ ACME identified the need to establish a Working fects of fishing activities). It was also suggested Group to examine the potential effects of stock that in future the advice from the Advisory enhancement (including sea ranching) on the eco­ Committees should be disseminated as advice system. from ICES, not from each Committee sepa­ rately. 9. GOOS 3. Future of Methods-oriented Working Groups ACME held a meeting to discuss the GOOS The future of the methodologically oriented (Global Ocean Observing System) programme Working Groups reporting to ACFM was dis­ with Dr J.-P. Rebert (GOOS Support Office, cussed. A working document was presented IOC), with a view to exploring the possibilities which proposed that the three existing Groups for ICES involvement in the programme. There (i.e., Methods, Multispe,:;ies Assessment and are several GOOS modules under development Long-term Management) b'fifdJsbanded in favour for which ICES databases are apparent candi­ of a new comprehensive assessment working dates. It was proposed during the meeting that in­ group. ACFM decided that a Comprehensive formal contacts should be made with some of the Fishery Evaluation Working Group (CFEWG) planning committees withinGOOS to examine the should be formed and that the Methods Working possibility of more formal ICES representation in Group would be convened on an as-need and if­ the future. need basis. It was further noted that work on methodology would additionally be undertaken 10. Meeting with regulatorycommissions by the proposed CFEWG. ACME met representatives of HELCOM and OSPARCOM to discuss ways of improving the In recent years, there has been considerable in­ communication and collaboration between the formal discussion about the need to move to­ parties. The meeting was very productive and wards "Comprehensive Assessments" of fish well received by all participants. stocks, fisheries and ecosystems. The need arises not only for the management of fish ACFM stocks but also forthe understanding of the eco­ system effects of fishing. Comprehensive as­ The Chairman of ACFM drew the Committees attention sessments are not commonly conducted although to the following points of interest: some individuals and organisations have under­ taken such exercises in the past. If ICES is to 1. Working facilities develop risk-based assessments further as a gen­ ACFM commended the General Secretary for the eral tool, then a 'comprehensive assessment' of improved working conditions provided in the the stocks in question will be required. It is Castle Room and by the better and more numer­ possible to do simple risk analyses for almost ous PCs for the Committee and the assessment any fish stock. In many cases, however, these Working Groups. ACFM also appreciated the analyses are likely to be very incomplete and not extra assistance (word processing and copying) particularly illuminating because it will be al­ provided at its May 1995 meeting by the MOD most impossible to draw any conclusions about group of the Secretariat outside of normal work­ the effects of changes in effort or other meas­ ing hours. ures. The development of case-specific risk as­ sessments must be preceded by a 2. Form of ACFM advice 'comprehensive assessment' to identify the vari­ ACFM had presented a revised version of the ous biological processes which produce the un­ Form of Advice published in 1991, incorporating certainties (e.g., in spawning stock biomass new items dealing with medium-term advice and levels, migration patterns or multispecies con­ the treatment of uncertainty. In formulating its cerns), and which must be allowed for in the advice, ACFM decided to retain three categories management process. of stocks (within and outside safe biological limits and uncertain), but agreed to use a further sub­ A 'comprehensive assessment' should include a division in the internal discussions of the Commit­ full and detailed review of all biological, eco­ tee to ensure consistency in the type and intensity nomic and technical processes and parameters of advice on different stocks. It is intended that

100 which incorporate all features considered impor­ total number of man-days will be increased by the in­ tant in the context of harvesting the resource. corporation of the Working Group Chairmen, but the This should then be augmented by a "present" number of days actually attended by individual ACFM assessment of the state of the resource, a for­ members will be reduced. The Chairman of the Statis­ ward projection given a range of assessments tics Committee (who also functions as the member for and harvesting strategies and a simulation of the the United Kingdom in ACFM) pointed out that whilst underlying fish stock and fishery dynamics. these proposals had been agreed at ACFM as being Each step should include specifications of all generally acceptable, he was concerned about the work important uncertainties. Outputs would be prob­ load implied by the concentration of all the herring as­ abilistic presentations of a range of performance sessment Working Groups at the autumn ACFM meet­ indices for each strategy, to form the basis for ing. The Consultative Committee supported the general decisions on appropriate management proce­ thrust of the proposals put forward by the ACFM dures forthe following years. Chairman, and recognised that some adjustments might be necessary during the implementation stage in order to take into account the point raised by the Statistics The CFEWG would undertake 'comprehensive Committee Chairman. A formal recommendation would assessments' of fisheries systems along with the be considered by the Consultative Committee at the development of necessary methodology. Such a 1995 Annual Science Conference for formal submission group would necessarily be large by ICES to Delegates. Working Group standards, requiring consider­ able planning, co-ordination and support. The Chairman of ACME explained that the five day May 1995 meeting had successfully allowed the Com­ The Consultative Committee noted the various points mittee to cover its 1995 agenda on the basis of highly raised by the Advisory Committee Chairmen. It endorsed effective intersessional work, which had drawn upon the recommendation made by ACME regarding the es­ additional experts who were not members of the tablishment of a benthos database at ICES. However, the Committee. This had involved getting the agenda and Chairman wished to confer later with the General Secre­ working papers out early in the year. The minutes and tary as to determining what developmental and supportive report of the meeting had also been taken to a much roles should be allocated to Environment and Oceanogra­ more advanced stage by the end of the meeting. The phy Scientific Requirements and Polocy (SCRAP) De­ May 1995 ACME meeting had been attended by the partments in the Secretariat. The Committee firmly sup­ Chairman of the Statistics Committee and the Chairman ported the suggestions made by the Advisory Commit­ of Marine Mammals Committee to provide additional tees, and in particular the proposal regarding the forma­ expertise at Council expense according to C.Res.1994/ tion of the CFEWG. 2:7, although neither were true ex officio members of ACME. The Statistics Committee Chairman stated that 8.2 Future issues and challenges his attendance had made clear why statistical expertise was useful at the ACME meeting, but that for future Besides the scientific issues, the main challenge for the occasions he considered that more appropriate expertise future of the Advisory Committees concerns the evolu­ would be provided by the Chairman of the Working tion of working arrangements which make the most ef­ Group on the Statistical Aspects of Environmental ficient use of the necessary and available expertise, the Monitoring. The Committee agreed that this was appro­ timetabling of meetings in relation to the availability of priate, and might be facilitated by having a statement recent reports of Working Groups, and the development included for ACME at the end of the Council Resolu­ of an approach which can respond more quickly, and tion referring to it, similar to that currently used for which possibly combines fisheries and environmental ACFM, i.e. "At the discretion of the General Secretary, advice. These issues were discussed both in plenum, the Chairman of A CFM may invite relevant experts from and also in a small Sub-Group comprising the Chairman among the Committees and other groups of the Council of the Consultative Committee, the President, the Gen­ to attend relevant parts of the meeting at Council ex­ eral Secretary, the Professional Secretaries pense". (Environment, Fishery and Oceanography), and the Advisory Committee Chairmen. The Sub-Group discussed aspects of the timing of the Advisory Committee meetings and possible new work­ In plenum, the ACFM Chairman described proposals to ing arrangements. The Chairman of ACFM explained form Sub-Groups of both ACFM members and Working that the timing of the ACFM meetings was essentially Group Chairmen to evaluate reports and prepare draft determined by the timing of the meetings of the various advice, which will then be considered by the plenary 'customers' regulatory commissions, whether in May as ACFM sessions. The proposed Sub Groups will be area dictated by the meetings of NASCO (June), IBSFC specific, and members will rotate across different Sub (September), and the governments of Iceland and the Groups from year to year. Although the total number of Faeroes, or in October/early November as determined ACFM meeting days would likely remain the same, the by the meetings of NEAFC (November), and the Euro-

101 pean Commission's STCF. Unless it was possible to discussed at the 1995 Annual Science Conference, and delay for example the NASCO meeting, there was little so allow ACFM to produce its contribution in 1996. point in changing the timing of the ACFM meetings, and for the moment the next best step is to adopt the Issues concerning the OSP ARCOM Working Groupn o new Sub-Group approach described above. The Chair­ Impacts on the Marine Environment (IMPACT) man of ACME commented that as with ACFM the late or non-arrival of reports was a problem, and from her The draft work programme for the IMPACT Working point of view a slightly later meeting would be an ad­ Group for 1995/1996 had been distributed for vantage. She then suggested that an extension of the information to ACFM. Among the tasks this Working developing Advisory Committee arrangements could be Group has to deal with are the impact of fisheries on the to devise panels of nominated national experts from ecosystem and the genetic disturbance caused by whom Sub-Groups could be convened to discuss specific mariculture. requests for advice at any time throughout the year. Subject to suitable safeguards these Sub Groups could Implications of the Fourth Conference on the Protection give more immediate advice on agreed urgent issues, of the North Sea

• Prepare a preliminary report on fish diseases in the 9.1 Status, activity and future strategy of Study Baltic Sea (especially the M74 syndrome) and Working Groups • Prepare a chapter on fisheries and fish stocks (including coastal species) in the Baltic Sea The Consultative Committee reviewed the status of its • Advise on a strategy for incorporating biological own Working Groups, vetted the list of active and inac­ effects monitoring in an integrated monitoring tive Working and Study Groups in the list included in programme C.M. 1995/Gen: 6, and discussed possible criteria for • Evaluate the impact of different fishing practices in reviewing the performance, disbanding, and establish­ the Baltic Sea on target and non-target species ment of Working Groups.

ACFM had considered that it would be able to make a The General Secretary recalled that Working Groups valuable contribution to these topics, but felt that it was were considered to be necessary on a long-term basis to necessary to include an item in the terms of reference of carry out the Council's work programme, whereas the appropriate Working Group which could be Study Groups were a relatively new invention in ICES,

102 being established to carry out specific terms of refer­ may always be re-established again later. It was felt that ence for a particular purpose. Delegates had agreed that Groups should be encouraged to work on a wider plan, an individual Study Group should exist for a maximum tasked to serve a greater part of the ICES structure, of three years, irrespective of whether the terms of ref­ irrespective of the 'parent' Committee; the products can erence had been successfully completed. Some Study always be communicated to particular end-users. The groups later became so important that they later were Marine Mammals Committee wishes to establish a elevated to Working Groups. He reminded the Commit­ Working Group on Pollution and Diseases in Marine tee that Delegates had requested at the 1994 Annual Mammals - rather than starting a whole new Group, Science Conference that a list be prepared by the Secre­ thought could be given to expanding the remit and ex­ tariat of the date of establishment of all Study Groups. pertise of some existing entities (by bringing in marine mammal specialists) in order to provide the particular There was some discussion on whether Working Groups type of advice desired. should be allowed to remain indefinitely. Although it was acknowledged that some Working Groups had car­ It was noted that ACFM had recently merged several ried out an essential job for decades, there was consen­ Working Groups; this was partly because there were sus that the parent Committees of Working Groups, and clear gains in having the original groups work closer especially the Consultative Committee, should conduct together, and partly because it was increasingly difficult regular, systematic reviews of existing Working Groups to expect the same stock assessment scientists to attend in relation to current and future ICES priorities. It was a large number of different meetings. The cost of ICES acknowledged that greater effort should be focused on having about 100 Study/Working Groups was becoming parental 'guidance' of Study/Working Groups through very difficult to cover for a number of Member Coun­ directing their terms of reference. In general, Working tries. Groups were considered to be a cost effective means of developing and providing scientific information and ad­ The Chairman pointed out that the Committee had sev­ vice, but it was felt that greater prioritisation/ranking of eral Groups reporting directly to it, and that there was a Groups should be done on a 'cost-benefit' basis. The requirement to consider their progress: benefit of Study/Working Groups having a 'link' to one or both Advisory Committees was stressed. WorkingG roupon Cod and Climate Change

The Committee underlined the need for Delegates to Had met at ICES Headquarters from 4-6 April 1995, ensure support for national experts to attend Study and and had apparently had an active and successful meet­ Working Group meetings. Concern was also expressed ing. A draft report from the meeting had been received, about difficulties in obtaining financial support for some but there was some disappointment about the relative of the strategic scientific areas of development; these lack of information content in the report. The Commit­ were frequently given less priority in the more tradi­ tee proposed that the Oceanography Secretary inform tionally inclined fishery laboratories, but were undoubt­ Dr Sundby, Chairman of the Working Group, about its edly viewed as impinging on ICES interests (e.g., concerns; it was hoped that an improved report would 'green' issues, such as biodiversity and habitat conser­ be available for the Committee to review at the 1995 vation). Annual Science Conference.

Emphasis was placed on the need to ensure that Study Group on Long-Finned Pilot Whales Study/Working Group activities effectively interact with other organisations and institutions, e.g. the Working The Study Group's Chairman, Professor D. Butter­ Group on Pectinid Stocks had not met for many years, worth, had submitted a short report describing progress mainly due to the activities of a regularly held Interna­ made intersessionally in advance of the meeting to be tional Pectinid Workshop outside of ICES - this could held in Cambridge, England (UK) from 13-17 Novem­ be satisfactorily compensated for by having a person ber 1995. It is expected that there will be additional attending the Workshop report back to the Shellfish members from Canada, and hopefully also from the Committee. It was considered important that Study and institute hosting the coming meeting in the United King­ Working Groups avoid duplication with other scientific dom. The Committee was encouraged that satisfactory groups, both inside as well as outside ICES. progress was apparently being made by the Study Group. When necessary to establish a new Study/Working Group, the proactive function of ICES identifies a task Ad Hoe Group on the ICES SecretariatD atabases or responds to a request from a 'customer' (e.g., regu­ latory commission) that cannot be satisfactorily dealt The Group had met at ICES Headquarters from 2-3 with by a current Group. When a Group is considered February 1995, and its report would be considered un­ to have outlived its usefulness, it should be disbanded der agenda item 11. rather than allowed to live on indefinitely; a new Group

103 ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Backward-Facing ACFM Workshop The Chairman of ACFM reported that his Committee The Workshop had been successfully held in Dart­ was continuing to consider how to improve the effi­ mouth, Canada, from 8-10 March 1995 and a draft re­ ciency and cost effectiveness of the stock assessment port had been telefaxed for consideration by the Com­ Working Groups and the methods-related Working mittee. The report was viewed as highly informative, Groups. These are reported on under agenda item 8.2. and the Committee suggested that the current report and any future reports might form the basis for a possible ACME ICES Cooperative Research Report. The Committee supported the need to hold a second Backward-facing The Chairman of ACME recalled that her Committee Workshop, and looked forward to reviewing the final­ was still not fully convinced that ACME should be the ised report of this year's Workshop at the 1995 Annual parent to Study/Working Groups. Although ACFM had Science Conference. made obvious progress in moving to an area based model for rearranging its own Working Groups, it was ICES/GLOBEC Cod Climate D B W rk h and ata ase o s op still too early in the life of ACME to move in that di­ rection. The Committee was informed that there had been some considerable problems in holding the Workshop, last Statistics Committee year's Workshop having been postponed until 14-17 February 1995. This year, the Convenor (Dr S. Mu­ There was some debate as to whether the Working rawski, USA) had further postponed the Workshop, Group on ADP Matters should remain as a permanent sending a telefax requesting that the Workshop be held group considering that it did not meet every year. The from 15-16 November 1995 with the current terms of Consultative Committee agreed to return to this matter reference and that a Co-Convenor (Dr David Mountain, at the 1995 Annual Science Conference. USA) be appointed to assist him. Demersal Fish Committee The Committee expressed frustration at the lack of pro­ gress in holding the Workshop. There was considerable With regard to the Study Group on Elasmobranch discussion as to whether the Workshop should be can­ Fishes, the General Secretary informed the Committee celled. However, the General Secretary, Oceanography of an approach by ICCAT proposing that ICES collabo­ Secretary, and the Chairman of the Biological Oceanog­ rate with the Commission on the subject of shark by­ raphy Committee pointed out that holding the Workshop catches. He further drew attention to his letter of reply was essential in order to provide the necessary support to the Secretary of ICCAT, in which it was proposed for the database related tasks of the soon to be estab­ that the Chairman of the Study Group and the Chairman lished ICES Project Office for the North Atlantic Pro­ of the Demersal Fish Committee work together to gramme of GLOBEC. The Committee then endorsed elaborate suitable terms of reference allowing a greater the proposal by Dr Murawski to postpone the Workshop emphasis to be placed on by-catch matters; these could until November 1995. In order to provide a European be submitted at the 1995 Annual Science Conference input to the Workshop planning, as well as to cement The Committee noted that there was a distinct possibil­ contacts with the Workshop leadership, the Committee ity that a joint ICES/ICCAT Study Group might be sanctioned a recommendation that either Dr S. Sundby, formed, with membership open to both organis tions. the current Chairman of the Cod and Climate Working � The Fishery Secretary had discussed the matter with the Group, or Dr K. Brander (UK) be included as the third Secretary of ICCAT, and viewed collaboration for the Co-Convenor of the Workshop to provide a link with purposes outlined as most positive. The Committee and European science interests. The Chairman of the Co ­ � the President endorsed the steps outlined by the General sultative Committee would report back to the Commit­ Secretary. tee on this matter. The discussion concluded with a comment from the Chairman of the Biological Oceanog­ The Chairman of the Demersal Fish Committee pointed raphy Committee that the various elements of ICES out that there was a suggestion that the Study Group on GLOBEC-related activities needed to be pulled together Beam Trawl Surveys, reporting to his Committee, and once the ICES GLOBEC Office had been established, the International Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group, and offerred to provide some suggestions as to how this reporting jointly to the Demersal and Pelagic Fish might be achieved for the meeting of the Consultative Committees, might be merged. This matter would be re­ Committee at the 1995 Annual Science Conference. examined at the 1995 Annual Science Conference.

The Chairman then requested that the Subject/ Area The Chairman reminded the Consultative Committee of Committee Chairmen draw attention to specific points an proposal made at the 1994 Annual Science Conference regarding the status of their Study and Working Groups. for publication of the Database Report of the �toma�h Sampling project, 1991 (edited by Dr J.R.G. Hislop) m The main points arising were:

104 the Cooperative Research Report (CRR) series. Although • assessing impact of fisheries and mariculture practices the Committee had not been able to endorse thereport for on biodiversity publication as in the CRR series then, the report had • assessment of coastal physical dynamics (erosion, subsequently been substantially revised, and it had been turbulence, mixing, transport etc.) and effects on given to the Chairmen of the Demersal Fish and Pelagic resources andfate and bioavailabilityof contaminants Fish Committees for examination. In order to avoid • expansion of urbanisation andshore based sources and further delay in publication of what was considered to be activities (e.g., disruption of . marine mammals, a most useful report, the Chairman proposed that the closure of shellfish harvesting, navigational Committee approve, in principle, the report for interference, impacts on spawning/nursery areas, and publication in the CRR series, with a view to Dr Hislop importance of these areas for offshore fisheries workmg to finalisethe report intime forthe 1995 Annual production) Science Conference. A recommendation for publication • address 'greenpower' issues regarding conservation of thereport would be prepared forthe 19 95 ASC. areas, maintenance of biodiversity (e.g., breeding areas forseabirds andmarine mammals) After some discussion, the Committee endorsed the • effect and consequences of climate change on coastal Chairman's proposal, on the understanding that the resources and environment finalised report be reviewed in the normal fashionby the Chairmen of the Demersal Fish and Pelagic Fish The Sustainable Fisheries group emphasised that the Committeesor their designates. term 'sustainable fisheries' implies extending what ICES does on an every-day basis into a broader context; Shellfish Committee broadening activities in order to provide the scientific basis for more comprehensive management of living The ConsultativeCommittee endorsed a proposal that marine resources. Thisimplies: the Working Group on Pectinid Stocks be disbanded for reasons given elsewhere in this report. It was agreed • focusing on integrated studies, and the evaluation of that a recommendation to this effect be submitted for the fisheriessystem - 'fish, fisheries, and ecosystems' 1995 AnnualScience Conference. • further improvement in management advice including the incorporation of environmental considerations in 9.2 Input and debate on the interdisciplinary and stock assessment and a broader approach to the new science areas scientific basis for management of living marine resources The Chairman stressed the need to develop a long-term • developing the area of 'Fisheries Management strategy for the development of new work in ICES in Science' and incorporation of formal decision makmg relation to the extra costs of doing so, and the likely andother techniques of managementscience benefits of the work. In response, the Consultative • integration of social and economic considerations in Committee Sub-Groups produced lists of strategic top­ fisheriesevaluation ics. The Chairman indicated that these would be har­ monised with thematerial contained in the report of the 10 ELECTION OF NEW SUBJECT/AREA Bureau Workmg Group on the Structure of ICES, col­ COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN AT 1995 AN­ lated, and circulated intersessionally for further discus­ NUALSCIENCECONFERENCE sion at the Consultative Committee meeting at the 1995 Annual Science Conference. The General Secretary pointed out that there would be elections for Chairmen of the Baltic Fish, Biological The Coastal Zone Studies group identified the following Oceanography, DemersalFish , Fish Capture, andMarine areas of strategic importance: Environmental Quality Committees at the 1995 Annual Science Conference. The outgoing Chairmen were re­ •Integrated monitoring based on physical, chemical, quested to notify the national Committee members that and biological methods, capability for assessments of elections would take place, and urge them to bring the various types, data bases - including production of elections to the attention of Delegates so that a good tailor-made products; choice of candidates would come forward. In response to • capability for assessments of environment and the General Secretary's request that the timing of the resources; elections be included in the Orders of the Day for Sub­ • databases: need forICES in ject/Area Committeesalready at thisstage, while attempt­ 'housing' ing to avoid clashes with his own agenda (i.e., meetings development of special products of Delegates, and the Publications and Finance Commit­ • fostering productive relationships with other tees), the following schedule forelections were agreed: international science organisations involved in coastal • Fish Capture Committee: Friday 22 September, zone studies: 14.30-14.50 hrs; collaborative interaction • Baltic Fish Committee: Friday 22 September, 16.30- avoidance of duplication 16.50 hrs;

105 • Biological Oceanography Committee: Saturday 23 The Chairman underlined that there would be obvious September, 11. 30-11. 50 hrs; cost and staffing implications involved and that the • Demersal Fish Committee: Saturday 23 September, Bureau and the General Secretary would be involved in 16.30-16.50 hrs; making the final decision on the matter. • Marine Environmental Quality Committee: Monday 25 September, 09.00-09.20 hrs. The Chairman of ACME expressed her disappointment at the Group not having given enough direction regarding 11 REPORT OF THEAD HOCGROUP ON THE setting database priorities, and stressed that this would ICES SECRETARIAT DATABASES require to be addressed as soon as possible. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the task that the Group had faced was The Chairman quickly reviewed the report of the Ad Hoe acknowledged. The Committee expressed its general Group which had met at ICES Headquarters from 2-3 satisfaction with the Group's report and endorsed its February 1995. The Group had inter alia considered the recommendations. existing ICES Secretariat databases, new initiatives and associated databases, the potential for integrating 12 CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ICES AND databases (e.g. , through Geographical Information BRITISH MARINE FISHES DATA BASE Systems, GIS), and technical requirements necessary for (BMFDB) making future progress. The Fishery Secretary, at the invitation of the Chairman, The Group considered that there are two related but referred to the Report of the Pilot Project for Recording distinct database requirements in ICES: the first is a need of Non-Commercial Fishes in the ICES Sea Areas for a system allowing for integration of data from submitted by Dr G.W. Potts and Ms S.E. Swaby of the different and multidisciplinary sources together with Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, England (UK). reader accessibility, the second is for an immediate need Data from the IBTS surveys of the North Sea for the to improve and upgrade access to the existing information years 1985 and 1986 were used for the project, and the and database products via systems such as the World­ following information was available: species (scientific Wide Web. To do this it was recommended that it would name), year, quarter of the year, statistical rectangle and be most effective to appoint two separate persons to carry number of species per hour. The· results of the project out the tasks in a consultancy capacity. The Group indicate that less than a fifth of the total records are 'non­ concluded that: commercial' fish relevant to the study, and those categorised as unusual or rare constitute about 1 % of the 1) An evaluation should be carried out of the various yearly total records. Only about 12 species over the two possibilities for creating an integrated multi­ years were considered suitable for inclusion in a draft disciplinary database; article for publication purposes. In conclusion, the pilot 2) It ought to be feasible to combine the current project suggests that 'rare fish' reports can be easily databases into a single database; produced for publication fromthe IBTS data. 3) Data should be stored at the highest level of resolution available. TheCommittee considered that the report provided by Dr 4) ICES Working Groups should thus be requested to Potts and Ms Swaby was encouraging, and were of the submit fisheries data at the level of statistical rectangle opinion that further support should be given to the project and on a fleet basis; considering the interest shown in ICES circles recently on 5) Presentational facilities should be developed through biodiversity, by-catches, and related issues. However, the World-Wide Web, providing information about there was some uncertainty as to whether ICES itself ICES; would be best served by the presentational form evident 6) ICES should formulate a common standard for its in the report submitted. databases, irrespective of whether they are maintained centrally or elsewhere. The Committee recommended that ACFM and ACME be 7) An immediate inventory of ICES databases assigned the task of following the matter of the non­ maintained by ICES and its supporting institutes commercial fish database further, with a view to should be provided; determining the data presentational form best suited to 8) An evaluation of the Secretariat's manpower required ICES interests. to support these initiatives should be conducted, and appropriate further manpower hired within the 13 ICES RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER IN­ relevant sections of the Secretariat; TERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 9) Any new database proposals arising within the next year or so should take account of these proposals; The General Secretary, on being asked to introduce the 10) Travel funds should be made available for the hired agenda item, pointed out that progress had been made in database expert to visit Member Countries for collaboration with F AO and the European Commission. expertise gathering purposes. With regard to PAO, he reported that the President, the Chairman of ACFM, the Fishery Secretary, and himself,

106 had attended the PAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in could fill. The Oceanography Secretary welcomed this April 1995, and that this had resulted in ICES becoming view as he considered that this might prove highly further involved inter alia in providing input to the Code beneficial in aiding the funding of ICES databases. The of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries, and in the Chairman of the Hydrography Committee, who indicated discussion on the role of regional fisheries organisations that he had close contacts with DGXII/MAST, was in light of UNCLOS and UNCED. ICES and PAO were surprised at the comment regarding ICES being classified exploring the possibilities of developing a Memorandum as a 'Danish' institution as he had no experience to this of Understanding (MoU) to better formalise their effect. relationship and the areas in which co-operation might be further developed. Currently, the MoU was in a very The General Secretary stated that in his dealings with the preliminary draft stage, with the emphasis on having a EC he had always stressed that as ICES had Member generalised MoU itself supported by more detailed Countries who were not members of the European Union annexes further stipulating the details of prioritised co­ he was not allowed to distinguish in practice between operative projects. ICES was also working with PAO in those who were in and those who were outside the Union. the CWP on Atlantic fisheries statistics to ensure the Thus, he was encouraged to note that the EC had recently improved (e.g., more timely and dependable) submission accepted that non-EU countries could legitimately of these data. participate in EC projects even though funding was only available for the EU countries. On 20 December 1994, the Oceanography Secretary and the General Secretary had visited DGXII in Brussels, TheCommittee indicated its firmsupport of the initiatives Belgium to discuss co-operation between ICES and the taken by the Secretariat to further co-operation between MAST Programme. The visit had resulted in an agreed ICES and other international organisations. text sketching the main ways in which collaboration could take place. This had indicated that DGXII/MAST were 14 OBJECTIVES FOR ICES ROLE IN CO­ prepared to be substantially more flexible in their attitude ORDINATING INTERNATIONAL SEAGO­ to ICES at the institutional level than previously, INGPROGRAMMES accepting that projects supported by MAST could be co­ ordinated through the auspices of ICES, that ICES might The Chairman pointed out that in the past ICES had receive grants in order to arrange Workshops of mutual traditionally played a major role as a co-ordinator of interest, that MAST might support special publications international sea going programmes, and called for dis­ involving ICES (including the Zooplankton Methods cussion on the scope for continuing this role. Manual), and use various forms of ICES expertise whenever considered appropriate. The Chairman of the Pelagic Fish Committee pointed out that a number of ICES current joint sea going sur­ The General Secretary noted that he had invited the veys were actually in jeopardy because of cost consid­ Scientific Committee of the European Environment erations, and that the future prospects in this area were Agency, at the suggestion of the Environment Secretary, uncertain. The Chairman of ACME considered that to an informal lunch at ICES Headquarters when it visited ICES role in the co-ordination of international pro­ Copenhagen on 21 June 1995. Although the Bureau were grammes had already been overtaken, whether in terms meeting on the same day, it was a golden opportunity to of setting objectives (as with the NSTF), the provision present ICES and its activities, with a view to discussing of funds (e.g., from the EC) or through the establish­ future possibilities for co-operation. He hoped that the ment of specific international programmes (e.g., Bureau, despite having a pressing schedule that day, ECOPS Grand Challenges). She questioned the value would be able to join in the discussions. Notwithstanding and opportunity of further co-ordination, particularly as several previous overtures to the EEA, little progress on this also reduced flexibility of operation on short time co-operation had been made so far. The Environment scales. The Chairman of MEQC felt that ICES had an Secretary added that she was now more optimistic important role to play in co-ordinating seagoing pro­ regarding collaboration as informal contacts were also grammes, particularly in the Baltic Sea. The President being established with the EEA staff. noted the growing difficulty in obtaining permission to do research by using chartered vessels of one flag state The Chairman of ACME, although being encouraged by in the territorial waters of another flag state. The the progress apparently made in dealings with the EC and Oceanography Secretary noted that the further devel­ EEA, was concerned that the EC still seemed to have opment of programmes such as GLOBEC, and possibly difficulties in not classifying ICES as a 'Danish' GOOS in the future, would provide the impetus for institution rather than an independent international one. collaborative seagoing activities, particularly where the She advocated ICES positively considering its role in establishment of databases were concerned. The Chair­ maintaining databases for 'community' projects involving man of ACFM referred to the need to establish a Baltic ICES laboratories applying for EC funding; the EC now Young Fish Database in order to assist ICES in its advi­ considered it essential that those seeking funding had a sory function in theBaltic Sea; this would be an exam­ clear database strategy, and this was a niche that ICES ple of a co-ordinated seagoing activity.

107 In general conclusion, there was consensus that ICES of the important work going on in ICES. As a result of �ough its �any Council Resolutions still clearly func­ these concerns several steps had been initiated to redress tioned as an important co-ordinator of seagoing projects the situation, including: and programmes. It was felt that this ought to be made more apparent, by attempting to provide a list of past • Contacts being further developed with the Embassies and current activities which illustrated ICES activities in of ICES Member Countries in Copenhagen with a this area. view to exchange of relevant information·' • The Secretariat establishing, in late December 1994, a 15 PROGRESS REPORT ON PLANNJNG FOR home age on the World Wide Web providing in­ THE lOIB ICES DIALOGUEMEETING � formation about Council activities (information and advice) in the area of the environment, fisheries, and The Fishery Secretary drew attention to the flyers which oceanography, its databases, forthcoming meetings had been produced in English, French, Portuguese and publications etc. Spanish for the 10th Dialogue Meeting to be held in • A new brochure was being prepared to replace the Virgo, Spain, from 19-20 October 1995. He pointed out current one that although producing literature in four languages as • Engaging Mr 10rgen M0ller Christensen, former well as simultaneous interpretation at the meeting were Bureau member and Danish Delegate, to assist in essential for success, this process was proving highly developing an implementation strategy for informing demanding on both manpower and finances. The EC had key persons, institutions and the general public about agreed to cover a substantial proportion of the costs of the the activities of ICES. meeting as co-sponsor, but it still left a very large part of the costs to be met by ICES. Despite monetary Mr M0ller Christensen provided a short overview of his considerati ns exerting their influence on the planning � activities so far, including press releases before and stage of things, good progress was being made towards after the ACFM and ACME meetings, in advance of the preparing for the meeting. There was no doubt, however, F urth orth Sea Conference in Esbj rg ( Denmark), that this was a very important project for ICES which � � _ � this year s ICES Symposia (on acoustics in Aberdeen emphasised the Council's engagement in the Iberian and UK, in June and on the North Sea ecosystem in Arhus' Bay of Biscay area. Denmark, in July. An article would be produced for th; new papers on ICES and its work in August, and a The Chairman of ACFM urged as many of the � preview of the ICES Annual Science Conference in Subject/ Area Committee Chairmen as possible to attend Aalborg, Denmark, in mid-September. The press the meeting, stressing that although the meeting was releases were all factual and event orientated and being held in the southern part of ICES domain the issues avoided attempting to interpret the results of science. being dealt with were also of relevance to other parts of He was in no doubt that it was necessary to profile the ICES area. ICES better in its Host Country, with the general public, and key persons (e.g., those having influence in TOPICS FOR 'EXTRA SESSION' OF DELE­ 16 Ministries, Parliament, and research and educational GATES MEETING establishments). Although the work had started with the focus on Denmark, it was intended that the experience The Chairman summarised the main issues from the be 'exported' to other Member Countries. Currently meeting which could be presented to the Bureau at its press releases were produced in English, French and 21-22 June 1995 meeting as likely topics for the 'Extra Danish. Session' of the Delegates meeting at the 1995 Annual The Chairman of the Statistics Committee, who was also Science Conference. In addition to the report of the Bu­ a member of ACME in his own right, supported the reau Working Group on the Structure of ICES, these initiative shown in better profiling ICES and its work. He were the future database strategy, the possible next stressed, however, the general concern of ACFM that steps in the evolution of the Advisory Committees, the press releases prior to its meetings would put even more proposal to develop a longer-term strategy for the con­ outside influences to work on fisheries assessment tent of the Annual Science Conference, and the need to scientists, while a desire for peace and quite to consider criteria for prioritising future new ICES work. concentrate on their tasks were foremost. He emphasised, however, that there was nothing in the content of the 17 PUBLICITY AND IMPROVED PROFILING press releases with which he disagreed. The concern OF ICES ACTIVITIES about pre-meeting press releases were also voiced by a number of the Subject/ Area Committee Chairmen who The General Secretary informed the Committee that he were ex officio members of ACFM. had become increasingly aware of the need to provide The Chairman of ACME stated that her Committee had information to interested persons regarding the Council indicated its overwhelming support for the move to and its activities. Many people active in ICES had re­ provide information about ICES to a wider audience, and marked on their concerns that ICES, as an organisation, gave several examples of why this was necessary. Thus, was not reaching out sufficiently in making others aware

108 she was perplexed at the rather negative response of 18 REVISION OF CHAIRMEN'S HANDBOOK, ACFM. AND HANDOUTS RELATING TO PROCE­ DURES AT ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFER­ In the ensuing discussion, it was evident that the ENCE Committee supported the steps taken by the Secretariat regarding providing more information about ICES. The The General Secretary pointed out that the Chairmen's Committee proposed that attention be given to Handbook was now showing signs of being outdated. determining several key scientific 'news stories' for press Although the Secretariat had intended to have a revised releases before and during the Aalborg Annual Science draft of the Handbook ready for presentation to the Conference, as it was felt that this had not been Committee at the meeting, recent changes in work sufficiently capitalised on at the 1994 Annual Science priorities and other demands placed on the Secretariat had Conference. It was agreed that Theme and Joint Session set the revision process back substantially. He stated that Convenors as well as those for the Mini-Symposium it was intended to refocus the content of the Handbook in should collaborate with Mr M01ler Christensen before order to make it more readable, as one was aware that and during the Aalborg Conference. relatively few Chairmen apparently read it. To compensate for this, the Secretariat had produced 1-2 In response to the concerns of ACFM, Mr M0ller page leaflets directed at Chairmen of Committee and Christensen considered that it was necessary to foster an Theme/Joint Sessions and Mini-Symposia, as well as open attitude to the legitimate interests of the press. The rapporteurs, to help them in their tasks at the Annual General Secretary pointed out that producing a press Science Conference. The Committee members were release before the ACFM meeting might explain why he requested to examine these leaflets critically with a view had received relatively few telephone calls this year to identifying possible inaccuracies and future compared with last year; the press release made it clear improvements, and provide feed-back to the General when information would be available in advance of the Secretary by Friday 18 August 1995. In the meantime, a meeting. determined effort would be made to finish the revision of the Handbook by the 1995 Annual Science Conference. The President sympathised with the desire of ACFM to work in an undisturbed atmosphere, and wanted to give 19 ANYOTHER BUSINESS this suitable priority. He felt, however, that the initiative taken by the Secretariat would prove The Chairman asked the Committee whether there were rewarding and wished to give further consideration as to any points to be dealt with under Agenda Item 17 11 Any how one could develop similar procedures for providing other business 11 • information about ICES across all areas of the Council's work. This would be discussed further by the Bureau at In the absence of any response, the Chairman thanked its 21-22 June 1995 meeting. everyone for their hard work in addressing the various issues and adjourned the meeting at 17.30 hrs on 2 June 1995.

109 Annex 1

1995 Meeting - SessionCodes U Theme Session (ACFM/ACME) JSl Joint Session on Improving Species Selectivity B Fish Capture Committee in Mixed Species Fisheries (B + G +H +J + K) C Hydrography Committee Mini Mini-Symposium on Arctic Oceanographic D Statistics Committee Processes E Marine Environmental Quality Committee F Mariculture Committee Overlapavoidance (if possible): G Demersal Fish Committee H Pelagic Fish Committee B with D, G and H J Baltic Fish Committee C with E and L K Shellfish Committee D with G andH L Biological Oceanography Committee Ewith F, L, C M ANACAT Committee F with E, K, and M N Marine Mammals Committee G withJ, andH 0 Theme Session on Ballast Water: Ecological H withJ and G and Fisheries Implications J with G and H P Theme Session on Causes of Observed K with G, H and L Variations in Fish Growths L with C, E, and K Q Theme Session on Intermediate-Scale Physical M with F Processes and their Influence on the Transport N with and Food Environment of Fish 0 with C, E, and L R Theme Session on Mariculture: Under­ P with G, H, and L standing Environmental Interactions Q with C, G, H, J, and L S Theme Session on Improving the Linkbetween R with C, E, F, and K Science and Management II. Can we Manage S with B, D, G, H, J, and K Fisheries by Technical Measures alone? T with C, E, and L T Theme Session on Consequences of Manipul- Mini with all. ation/Management of Nutrient Fluxes on Nutrient - Foodweb Interactions

ICES Annual Science Conference - 1995 Papers to be presented to Committees

Papers Reports Posters Total No of Sessions 1.5 hr 2hr Total Hours B 24 5 7 36 4 0 4 6 C 10 4 0 14 3 0 3 4.5 D 12 4 0 16 2 1 3 5 E 10 6 1 17 2 1 3 5 F 7 8 3 18 2 1 3 5 G 33 5 3 41 5 0 5 7.5 H 26 5 1 32 3 0 3 4.5 J 27 2 0 29 3 0 3 4.5 K 40 6 6 52 3 2 5 8.5 L 21 9 0 30 3 0 3 4.5 M 39 1 8 48 4 1 5 8 N 19 0 3 22 3 0 3 4.5 Total 268 55 32 355 37 6 43 67.5

110 ICES Annual Science Conference - 1995 Papers to be presented to Theme/Joint Sessions/Mini-Symposium

Papers Reports Posters Total No of Sessions 1.5 hr 2 hr Total Hours 0 14 0 1 15 3 0 3 4.5 p 14 0 0 14 1 1 2 3.5 Q 26 0 1 27 2 1 3 5 R 10 0 0 10 2 0 2 3 s 19 0 0 19 2 1 3 5 T 10 0 0 10 2 0 2 3 u - - - - 1 0 1 1.5 JSl 8 0 0 8 1 0 1 1.5 Mini- 17 0 0 17 2 1 3 5 Total 118 0 2 120 16 4 20 32

ICES Annual Science Conference - 1995 Total Number of Papers/Posters/Reports

Year Papers Reports Posters Total No of Sessions 1.5 hr 2hr Total Hours 1995 386 55 34 475 53 10 63 99.5 1994 358 86 33 477 52 11 63 100.0 1993 527 79 - 606 53 12 65 103.5 1992 417 79 - 496 51 12 63 100.5

ICES Council Meetings - 1993-1995 Total Number of Committee and non-Committee Documents

Year Committee Non-Committee % Non-Committee 1995 355 120 25 1994 336 151 32 1993 470 136 22

111 ..... PROGRAMMEOF SCIENTIFICSESSIONS PROGRAMMEOF SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS PROGRAMMEOF SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS Thursday 21 September Saturday 23 September Tuesday 26 September 09.00-11.00 11.30- 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-11.00 11.30-13.00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-10.30 11.00-13.00 13.00-13.30 13.00 Mini-Symposium Demersal Fish Shellfish Theme Session U CLOSINGOF THE Theme Session 0 "ArcticOceanographic Processes" Committee Committee "What's New? GENERAL SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS ASSEMBLY "Ballast Water: Ecological and Fisheries (Advisory and Implications" Science Commit- and tee Highlights)"

OPEN LECTURE Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Euronahallen Europahallen Theme Session S Joint Session Fish Capture Little Theatre Pelagic Fish General Inform ation "Ballast Water: Statistics Committee Demersal Fish "Improving the Link between "Improving Committee Committee The Ecological Committee Fisheries Science and Manage- Species See plan on back of card for location of meeting Roulette of Marine ment II etc." Selectivity rooms. Copies of meeting papers are available in Biological Inva- GuildHall etc." GuildHall Guild Hall the Foyer on the first floor outside the Little sions" GuildHall Guild Hall GuildHall Theatre. by Fish Capture Committee Pelagic Fish Mariculture Theme Session R Hydrography Professor Committee Committee "Mariculture: Understanding Envi- Committee J.T. Carlton ronmental Interactions"

MusicHall MusicHall MusicHall Music-Hall MusicHall ANACAT Hydrography Committee Biological Marine Pelagic Fish Biological Fish Oceanography Mammals Committee Oceanography Committee Committee Committee Committee

Europahallen Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour -- -- ...... r Friday 22 September Monday 25 September ,-- ---::-==::--:=c==,,,,-R SE N --,------r.::c:-:�--=-O_THE-=--=--= _ _ s..., s_,... lO_ S_ _att_ _e nd_ _e_d _b..::.y_m_ e_m_b_e_rs_ _o_..nly___ --1 N 09.00-11.00 I 11.30-13.00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 09.00-11.00 11.30-13. 00 14.30-16.00 16.30-18.00 Wednesday 20 September Theme Session Q Demersal Fish Theme Session P Theme Session T 09.00-16.00 Bureau (Merchant's Lounge) "Intermediate-Scale Physical Processes and Their Committee "Causes of ObservedVariations "Consequences of Manipula- 09.00-16.00 ACFM Consultations (Music Hall) Influence on the Transportand FoodEnvironment in Fish Growth" tion/Management of 09.00-16.00 ACME Consultations (Radio Hall) of Fish" Nutrient-Foodweb Interactions" 17.00- Consultative Committee (Radio Hall) Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Little Theatre Thursday 21 September Shellfish Committee Fish Capture Theme Marine Envi- Statistics ANACAT Baltic Fish 14.30-17.00 Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) Committee Session S ronmental Committee Fish Commit- Committee Friday 22 September "Improving the Quality tee 09.00-13.00 Finance Committee Merchant'sLounge) Link between Committee Monday 25 September Fisheries Sci- 09.00-13.00 Publications Com. (Merchant's ence and Man- 14.30-18.00 Lounge) agement II etc." Tuesday 26 September Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) Guild Hall Guild Hall GuildHall Guild Hall GuildHall Guild Hall Guild Hall 14.30- ANACAT Fish Committee Biological Mariculture Committee Demersal Fish Committee Consultative Committee (Radio Hall) Oceanography Wednesday 27 September Committee 09.00- 09.00-13.00 Consultative Committee (Music Hall) Delegates Meeting (Extra Session) MusicHall MusicHall MusicHall MusicHall (Radio Hall) Marine Environmental Quality Baltic Fish Committee Shellfish Committee Marine Mammals Committee Thursday 28 September Committee 14.30- Friday 29 September Delegates Meeting (Radio Hall) Parlour Parlour Parlour Parlour 09.00-12.30 REPORT OF CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE

Chairman: Dr R.C.A. Bannister

The Committee met during the followingthree sessions: and business sessions, including those of the General Secretary and the President, the Professional Secretar­ Wednesday 20 September 17.00 - 19.45 hrs ies, the Chairman of the Consultative Committee, the Tuesday 26 September 14 .40 - 17.30 hrs Secretariat, and the Editor and Assistant Editor of the Wednesday 27 September 09.00 - 17.40 hrs ICES Journal. All members of the Committee as well as the General The General Secretary later gave a brief outline of the Secretary, Environment Secretary, Fishery Secretary various receptions and social activities open to the and Oceanography Secretary were present at each ses­ members. sion. The President, the Chairmen elect of the Fish Capture, Marine Environmental Quality, Demersal Item 3.2 Review of programme of Sessions Fish, and Biological Oceanography Committees, and Ms (Blue Card), and list of papers/ I. Uitzh0ft (ICES Secretariat) variously attended the posters second and third sessions. Professor P. Malkki, Chair­ man of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of The Chairman drew the Committee's attention to Theme ICES, attended part of the second session to present and Session U which was a very important one as it will take part in the discussion of his report. include a discussion on the possible reorganisations in­ dicated in the Report of the Bureau Working Group. It Agenda Item 1 OPENING would also contain a brief review of the key Joint Committee and Theme Sessions as well as the Mini­ The Chairman welcomed the Committee and referred Symposium. To plan Theme Session U, he indicated them to the package of twenty-four "handouts" which that he would be asking Chairmen and Convenors to see provided additional information on the various Agenda him at 18.15 hrs on the days when they had sessions in Items. He also reminded the Committee of the two order to provide him with a brief summary of highlights pages of briefing notes that had been sent to them a few and matters of importance. He considered that this days earlier. year's programme was a very comprehensive and chal­ lenging one, with a good mix of interdisciplinary sci­ Agenda Item 2 ADOPTION OF AGENDA AND ence. However, he expressed disappointment at the TIMETABLE number of paper/poster withdrawals, but it was noted that this was typical of most international conferences. The Chairman drew the Committee's attention to the list It was appreciated that this might cause some difficulties giving the order in which he intended to deal with each in maintaining a fixed timetable in some sessions. Agenda Item, indicating what he intended to cover at each session. He also indicated that at the end of the Some Committee members expressed concern that some second session the Committee would split into three of their members had not been informed that they would sub-groups to allow for a detailed discussion of the rec­ no longer receive copies of scientific papers prior to the ommendations. Conference. The Agenda was adopted without change. Item 3.3 Best Paper Presentation Award, Best Poster Presentation Award, Agenda Item 3 ARRANGEMENTS FOR ANN­ and Young Scientist Award UAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE The Chairman requested that nominations for the above Item 3.1 General Arrangements awards should be submitted to him throughout the meeting. Nominations must be accompanied by detailed In the absence of the General Secretary, who had been justifications, and must be received by 10.45 hrs on detained at the Bureau Meeting, the Chairman briefly _ Tuesday 26 September. outlined the General Arrangements for the meeting. He remarked that, although there would be a substantial He asked that the Committee consider ideas for naming, number of participants, the space available was quite after a famous scientist for example, and possibly fund­ generous, and no strain on facilities was anticipated. He ing the awards. This might help in making the awards drew attention to the "Blue Card" which gave the gen­ more prestigious and sought after. eral layout and situation of the rooms for the scientific

113 Agenda Item 4 ELECTION OF NEW Item 5.3 Handling of Recommendations SUBJECT/AREA COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Attention was drawn to the "Compendium of Draft Recommendations" (Doc. C.M. 1995/A:9), which The Committee was reminded that the Chairmen of five compiled all draft recommendations for Subject/Area Subject/ Area Committees (Fish Capture, Marine Envi­ Committees arising from Working/Study Group reports ronmental Quality, Demersal Fish, Baltic Fish, and and the Advisory Committees, as prepared by the ICES Biological Oceanography) would complete their three­ Professional Secretaries. In addition, a hand-out was year terms of office at this year's Annual Science Con­ also distributed describing how to prepare new recom­ ference. The Rules of Procedure governing the elections mendations. to determine their successors were provided in Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen:3. Delegates had received notification The Chairman stressed the importance of prioritisation about the elections during the summer, and the above in the review and handling of these draft recommenda­ mentioned document as well as a leaflet providing the tions, in order to focus on new areas of research that times and dates of the particular elections would be are being proposed, and on new demands from regula­ placed in the pigeon holes of Delegates and members of tory commissions. He requested that Committees clas­ the Subject/Area Committees. It was important that sify recommendations into three categories: 1) low risk: timetables be followed in order that the elections could ongoing, routine, or no or only minor changes; 2) me­ be held on time. dium risk: new, but clear-cut, non-controversial, and no serious resource problems; 3) high risk: ongoing, but The Chairman remarked that this year's elections were major changes, new and unclear or controversial or particularly important and hoped for good candidates for resource concerns. This scheme would permit rapid Chairmen who could effectively carry out their duties, handling of low-risk recommendations by the Delegates, not least with regard to assisting in implementing any providing more time for other business. reorganisation determined by the Council in addition to representing their disciplines. Item 5.4 PUBLICITY AND PRESS REL­ EASES FOR 1995 ANNUAL The following Subject/Area Chairmen were subse­ SCIENCE CONFERENCE quently elected to serve in office for three years starting on 1 November 1995: A paper on "Enhanced Information and Publicity about ICES" (C.M. 1995/Del:17) was distributed to the • Fish Capture Committee, Dr P.A.M. Stewart (UK) Committee. The Chairman noted the excellent work on • Marine Environmental Quality Committee, Dr P. press releases carried out during the year by Mr J. Matthiessen (UK) M0ller Christensen and noted that, although there had • Demersal Fish Committee, Mr F .A. van Beek, been some qualifications about making a press release (Netherlands) before the ACFM meeting, the consensus indicated sat­ • Baltic Fish Committee, Mr E. Aro (Finland) isfaction with the new initiatives. • Biological Oceanography Committee, Dr H. Rumohr (Germany) The Chairman informed the Committee that a Press Conference had been arranged for the end of the Annual Agenda Item 5. CONDUCT OF 1995 ANNUAL SCI­ Science Conference. To maintain his awareness of sig­ ENCE CONFERENCE nificant developments during the Conference he asked all Committee Chairmen and Theme/Joint Session and Item 5.1 Instructions to Chairmen, Conve­ Mini-Symposium Convenors to keep him briefed by nors, Rapporteurs contacting him every day, as described under agenda item 3.2. In relation to this Agenda Item, handouts were prepared on guidelines for Committee Chairmen and instructions Agenda Item 6 MATTERS ARISING FROM for rapporteurs. The Chairman pointed out the duties of MID-TERM MEETING OF Committee Chairmen, Convenors and rapporteurs and CONSULTATIVE COMMIT­ particularly stressed the need to keep to the timetable. TEE

Item 5.2 Presentation of papers/posters Item 6.1 Action carried out, and points for further action The Chairman suggested that Subject/Area Committee Chairmen and Theme Session Convenors should remind This agenda item was not considered as all actions re­ presenters when they would be due to give their presen­ lated to other items on the Agenda. tations.

114 Item 6.2 Review of themes/topics identi­ ments, which may provide a useful follow-on to the fied by sub-groups ( oceanic vari­ Open Lecture. ability, sustainable resources, coastal zone studies) The Chairman asked the Committee to consider these and other suggestions via their own Committees, includ­ The Chairman drew the Committee's attention to the ing those suggestions listed on page 5 of Doc. C.M. handout which consolidated the lists from pages 5, 6, 1995/Gen:4 for which no confirmation had yet been and 14 of Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen:4 (Report of Mid-Term received. From the suggestions received so far, he noted Meeting of Consultative Committee) and Annexes 1 and that at least one more topic chosen from the list in An­ 2 of the Report of the Bureau Working Group on the nex 1, for example, algal blooms, shellfish/mammals, Structure of ICES. This compilation had resulted in a biodiversity, environmental quality objectives, or some slight modification to the titles of the major topic areas modelling theme, will be open for selection. He re­ defined in Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen:4 which are now de­ minded the Committee that a Mini-Symposium title had fined as: (A) Oceanography/ Ocean Variability, (B) yet to be chosen, although, in the light of developments Harvest Fisheries, and (C) Environmental Studies, in­ arising from the North Sea Conference Process, it was cluding coastal zone studies. Each major topic area had clear that a Mini-Symposium on the topic of been divided into a generalised list of topics. These "Ecosystem Effects of Fisheries" would be both apt and were summarised by categorising them into broad aims timely, and would be particularly appropriate for the of work, and current and new topics. This list which Reykjavik venue. This suggestion had also been re­ will later be updated with amendments reported to the ceived favourably by the Bureau. He asked Sub­ Chairman by the end of November, is attached as An­ ject/Area Committee Chairmen to identify an appropri­ nex 1. He believed this to be a very valuable list which ate person to convene this session. illustrated the wealth of topics that would provide a clear basis for ICES activities for the next few years, The Chairman recalled that the 1996 Annual Science e.g. provide a basis for future decisions on such matters Conference would be half-a-day shorter than normal, as the topics for future Symposia and Theme Sessions. the consequences of which will be taken into account by the May 1996 Programme Planning Group. Agenda Item 7 1996 ANNUAL SCIENCE CON­ FERENCE REYKJAVIK, ICE­ The General Secretary reminded the Committee of the LAND: TOPICS/SPEAKERS/ need to impress on Convenors of Theme Sessions and CONVENORS FOR OPEN LEC­ the Mini-Symposium that a good description of the Ses­ TURE, MINI-SYMPOSIUM, sions of about half-a-page of text must be supplied to the AND THEME/JOINT SESSIONS Secretariat by 1 December 1995 at the latest. He in­ formed the Committee that this procedure had been The Chairman informed the Committee that there would followed last year and had been very successful as it be no Mid-Term meeting in 1996, but the Programme allowed prospective contributors to focus their presenta­ Planning Group would meet prior to the Mid-Term Bu­ tions. reau Meeting. Thus, it would be necessary to finalise the arrangements for the 1996 Annual Science Confer­ At the third session, the Committee agreed on the fol­ ence during the current Conference. lowing scientificprogramme forthe 1996 meeting:

The Chairman confirmed that Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) Open Lecture: "Physical and Biological Effects of the would provide the Open Lecture with the title "Physical North Atlantic Oscillation" by Dr R.R. Dickson (UK). and Biological Effects of the North Atlantic Oscilla­ tion", and he would be considering the scope for a fol­ Mini-Symposium: "Ecosystem Effects of Fisheries", low-up Theme Session. He also confirmed that Dr J. Convenor Mr H. Gislason (Denmark). McDowell Capuzzo (USA) will convene a Theme Ses­ sion on "Reproductive Disturbance of Marine Species", Theme Sessions: and that Dr V. Thorsteinsson (Iceland) was prepared to convene one on "Tagging". a) "The North Atlantic Components of Global Pro­ grammes: Lessons to ICES-GLOBEC from The Chairman indicated that Professor J.G. Pope (UK) WOCE/JGOFS"; Co-Convenors Prof. B. Zeitzschel was willing to convene a Theme Session on "Fisheries (Germany) and Dr W.J. Gould (UK). Management Systems" , which would also be of interest in Iceland as a home of ITQ's (Individual Transferable b) "Management Faced with Multiple Objectives"; Co­ Quotas), and which could include economic aspects, and Convenors: Prof. J. Pope (UK) and Dr R.L. Ste­ tabled this for the Committee's approval. The Oceanog­ phenson (Canada) (with Mr A. Laurec (EC) provid­ raphy Secretary also indicated that he was making pro­ ing Keynote Lecture). gress in developing a possible Theme Session on the results of the WOCE/JGOFS North Atlantic Experi-

115 c) "Reproductive Disturbances of Marine Species interdisciplinary and disciplinary topics would be appro­ Causes and Effects"; Convenor: Dr J. McDowell priate in view of the possibility that operational changes Capuzzo (USA). may be taking place in ICES .at that time. He also in­ formed the Committee that the Bureau had suggested d) "Results of Baseline Study of Contaminants in Baltic that ideas for future Open Lectures should be obtained Sediments"; Convenor: Prof. M. Perttila (Finland). from the participants at the Annual Science Conference and not just from Committee Chairmen. In this context e) "The Shelf Edge Current and its Effects on Fish the possibility of having a "suggestions box" at the An­ Stocks (including results from EC-SEFOS)"; Con­ nual Science Conference for proposed Open Lectures, venor: Dr D. Reid (UK). Symposia, Mini-Symposia and Theme/Joint Sessions was mentioned and the Chairman undertook to consider f) "Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Restoration the desirability of announcing this at the Opening Ses­ Programmes: A Time for Evaluation", Co­ sion. Convenors: Dr D. Kimball (USA), Mr P. Roche (France) andMr E.C.E. Potter (UK). For the Open Lecture at the 1997 Annual Science Con­ ference, the Committee was reminded that Dr K Rich­ The Committee decided that a proposal on "Modelling ardson (Denmark) had been asked at the Mid-Term and Process Studies of Physical-Biological Interactions Meeting of the Committee to consider giving a talk on in Environment and Fisheries", Co-Convenors: Mr E. the subject of algal blooms and the cause of changes in Svendsen (Norway) and Prof. Alan Robinson (USA) the frequency of their occurrence. It was noted that should be a Special Topic session within the Hydrogra­ other suggestions were still possible and the subject of phy Committee. acoustic methods was mentioned as one possibility, with Mr 0. Nakken (Norway) as the speaker. The Commit­ The Committee approved the composition of the 1996 tee confirmed their original choice and decided to ask Programme Planning Group as detailed in C. Res./1995 Dr Richardson, retaining the lecture by Mr Nakken as 2:6. Six Subject/Area Committee Chairmen would par­ an option for 1998. The title of Dr Richardson's lecture ticipate, including all the new Chairmen. Each would is to be confirmed in due course. represent one other Committee and relevant Theme/Joint Sessions and the Mini-Symposium. The The Chairman confirmed that Dr R. Elston (USA) is Committee debated at length the detailed arrangements willing to convene a Mini-Symposium in 1997 on for this meeting, and there was a consensus that busi­ "Identifying and Managing Diseases of Bivalve Shell­ ness sessions should be concentrated as near to the be­ fish". ginning and end of the programme as possible. In order to promote interdisciplinary debate the possibility of Under this item the subject of Theme Sessions for 1997 joint business sessions among groups of Committees was alsodiscussed. The following Theme Sessions were should be considered. The chairman of ACFM also ex­ proposed as being suitable for 1997 although firm deci­ pressed a desire formore time to be made available for sions would be made at the 1996 Annual Science Con­ the Advisory Committee Consultations. To allow for ference: this it was agreed that the Group should consider the possibility of holding the Consultative Committee • "The role of small-scale physical and bio­ meeting during an extended lunch break (12.30-15.00 logical processes in the dynamics of harm­ hrs), thus allowing the Consultations to extend into a ful algal blooms"; Co-Convenors: Dr P. late evening session if necessary. Gentien (France) and Dr P. Donaghay (USA). This Theme Session would suitably The Committee Chairmen not involved in the Pro­ complement the Open Lecture; gramme Planning expressed a- desire to see copies of • "New Feeds for the Mariculture Industry"; abstracts prior to this meeting to allow for their input by Convenor: Dr S. Lall (Canada); correspondence. Whilst the Secretariat will attempt to provide this as far as possible in the time available, it • "Salmonid Extinction: Threats on Local and was noted that it would not be possible to provide a Global Scales"; Co-Convenors: Dr B. Jons­ similar service to cover Theme/Joint Session and Mini­ son (Norway) andDr R. Waples (USA); Symposium Convenors in addition. • "By-Catch of Marine Mammals: Gear Technology, Behaviour, and Kill Rates"; Agenda Item 8 Open Lecture and Mini- Co-Convenors: Dr A Bj0rge (Norway), Dr Symposium for 1997 G.T. Waring (USA) and a person to be nominated by the Fish Capture Committee; As there would be no Mid-Term Meeting of the Consul­ tative Committee in 1996, the Chairman stressed the • "Arctic Oceanographic Processes"; Co­ need for firm proposals for the 1997 Annual Science Convenors: Dr J.M. Bewers (Canada), Mr Conference at the present meeting and that a blend of

116 Feyn (Norway) and Mr H. Loeng The Scientific and Management Issues" will be held in (Norway); Bath, UK, from 17-22 April 1997. The Committee noted a preliminary announcement for this Symposium • "Why is biological diversity important to circulated at the 1995 Annual Science Conference, to be marine ecosystems? - the role of diversity issued in the near future. It was noted that there had in ecological system processes"; Convenor: been a change in the title from that originally proposed Dr P. Taylor (USA); by ICES, and the Committee agreed that the word • "Tagging" (provisional title); Convenor: Dr 'Interactions' was more suitable than 'Impact', given V. Thorsteinsson (Iceland). the negative connotation of this latter word. The Committee agreed the following list of prospective members of an International Steering Group for the A proposal was received from Dr M.P. Sissenwine Symposium: Prof. N. Wilkins, Galway (Ireland); Prof. (USA) for a possible Theme Session regarding Peer L.-O. Eriksson, Umea (Sweden); Mr A. Isaksson, Review of Stock Assessments, and one from the Shell­ Reykjavik, (Iceland); Dr H. Book, Turners Falls, Mas­ fish Committee on "Cephalopods: their Role in the sachusetts (USA); and Dr R.H. Cook, Halifax, NS Trophic Chain" to be convened by Dr U. Piatkowski (Canada). (Germany) were held over for consideration as 1998 Theme Sessions. It was proposed that the Symposium, accepted by the Committee last year but not endorsed by Delegates, on A further proposal received by the Chairman was for a "The Role of Physical and Biological Processes in the Theme Session dealing with the peer review processes Dynamics of Marine Populations" be held just before for stock assessments that are used in different fisheries the 1997 Annual Science Conference in the USA to bodies. There was considerable support for a Theme encourage more scientists from the USA to attend' the Session of this type at a future Annual Science Confer­ ICES ASC. There were, however, drawbacks to hold­ ence, and it was suggested that further work needs to be ing two major meetings within a short time period. This done to provide a title and description of the subject had been tried several times in the past, but was stopped matter. about five years ago because it was found that there was only about a 5 % overlap in participation between the The Committee discussed how long before Theme Ses­ two meetings. The Co-Convenors of this Symposium sions are due to be held it would be appropriate to send are Dr M.J. Fogarty (USA), Mr H. Loeng (Norway), . out information. While a case was made for advertise­ Prof. T. Osborn (USA), and Prof. J.G. Shepherd (UK). ment two years in advance, it was also recognised that it A scientific Steering Group comprising Prof. B. Roth­ is difficult to confirm Theme Sessions too far in ad­ schild (USA), Dr R. Dickson (UK), Dr R. Myers vance and that, in any case, some flexibility must be (Canada), and Prof. T. Powell (USA) has been formed. retained. In the case of the above Theme Sessions, al­ The following organisations should be invited to co­ though no formal announcement would be made until sponsor the Symposium: FAO, IOC, PICES, SCOR, after the 1996 Annual Science Conference, it was con­ GLOBEC, the US National Science Foundation (NSF), sidered important that the nominated Convenors report and the US Office of Naval Research (ONR). on progress in attracting potential contributions in 1996. The Consultative Committee endorsed a proposed Sym­ Agenda Item 9 STATUS OF ICES SYMPOSIA posium on "The Temporal Variability of Plankton and PREPARATIONS their Physico-Chemical Environment", to be held in K el (Germany) for three days in the spring of 1997 Item 9.1 Symposia for 1996 and 1997 � with Prof. T. Smayda (USA) and Prof. F. Colijn (Germany) as Co-Convenors. A scientific Steering The Consultative Committee agreed to a proposal that a Group consisting of Prof. B. Zeitzschel (Germany), Dr Symposium on "Seabird Ecology and Distribution in P.C. Reid (UK), Mr H.-R. Skjoldal (Norway), and Relat on to the Marine Environment", Convenor Dr � Prof. U. Sommer (Germany) will be established to as­ M.L. Tasker (UK), be held in Glasgow, UK, in No­ sist the Co-Convenors. The Oslo and Paris Commis­ vember 1996. A scientific Steering Group, comprising sions and the Helsinki Commission should be invited to Dr J. Reid (UK), Dr R.W. Furness (UK), Prof. G.L. co-sponsor this Symposium. Noting that there are al­ H t (USA), and Dr C.J. Camphuysen (Netherlands), � ready two ICES Symposia planned for 1997 the will be established to assist in planning the Symposium. Committee agreed that this Symposium could be' post­ The Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Sea­ poned until 1998, if necessary. bird Group, both UK organisations, were prepared to co-sponsor the Symposium. The Symposium will be Item 9.2 Prospects and Proposals for Ad­ held at Glasgow University's Kelvin Conference Centre ditional Future Symposia and the local organiser will be Dr R.W. Furness. For 1998, the Committee noted a proposal for a Sym­ For 1997, the ICES/NASCO Symposium on "Impacts posium on "The Evaluation and Implementation of of Salmon Culture on Wild Stocks of Atlantic Salmon:

117 Management Strategies for Fisheries in an Uncertain identified which would assure a very useful ICES con­ World", with a global perspective. It was proposed that tribution to this Conference, as well as removing any the Symposium be held in Cape Town ( South Africa) misunderstandings that had occurred earlier. These for four days in 1998, with Dr T.K. Stokes (UK), Dr conclusions were: R.L. Stephenson (Canada), Dr J. McKay (New Zea­ land), Dr J. Harwood (UK), and one South African 1. ICES will be invited to present a keynote paper at nominee as Co-Convenors. Co-sponsorship should be the Conference. This paper will address the ICES sought from FAO, the EC, and ICLARM. Several perception of Baltic marine science in support of its members of the Committee felt that this Symposium advisory functions in the Baltic (e.g. in relation to would benefit if it could be ensured that managers HELCOM and IBFSC). Dr K. Richardson would attend the Symposium, in the style of a Dialogue (Chairman of ACME) should present this paper Meeting. The Chairman, however, stressed the pro­ which will be prepared by her with the support of posed scientific content of the meeting. The Chairman the Secretariat and relevant Baltic experts. of ACFM discussed whether the meeting should include environmental issues, but it was concluded that this 2. ICES would be invited to attend meetings of the could make the Symposium, which had global fisheries Conference Steering Group, and any invitation will significance, too unwieldy. The Committee agreed that be addressed to the General Secretary who will Dr R.M Cook and R.L. Stephenson should develop the nominate a representative appropriate to the de­ proposal for further consideration at the autumn 1995 mands of the agenda. meeting of ACFM, prior to a firm proposal being made at the 1996 ASC. 3. Dr Hansen's paper noted that the Conference did have financial problems, mainly generated by the A Symposium on Benthos Ecology was proposed to be potential cost of publishing the proceedings in Am­ held on Crete (Greece) for four days in April 1998, bio. It was felt that these problems could be greatly with Prof. A. Eleftheriou (Crete) and Dr P. Kingston alleviated if ICES could now take the initiative by (UK) as Co-Convenors. A scientific Steering Group will offering to publish a selection of the Conference be established comprising Dr H. Rumohr (Germany), Proceedings in the ICES Cooperative Research Re­ Dr S. Hall (UK), and several others to be nominated. port series. Such a publication could ensure the close Appropriate co-sponsorship should be sought. Papers association between ICES and the Baltic marine sci­ from this Symposium should be published in the ICES ence community. Since the Conference organisers Journal of Marine Science. The Chairman of the Bio­ need a response from ICES as soon as possible on its logical Oceanography Committee strongly endorsed this preparedness to do this, a Consultative Committee proposal, which was a new area of interest in the ICES recommendation had been prepared. Symposium series. Item 10.2 Next Steps in North Sea Confer­ Agenda Item 10 PREPARATIONS AND ACT­ ence Process IONS REQUIRED OF ICES APPROACHINGKEY EVENTS As with the following agenda item, the new initiatives emanating from the Fourth International Conference on Item 10.1 1996 Conference on Baltic Ma­ the Protection of the North Sea were discussed at a pre­ rine Research liminary meeting in advance of the sessions of the Con­ sultative Committee. At that meeting, it was proposed At the first session, the Chairman informed the Commit­ that ICES should indicate its readiness to take a full part tee that there had been little progress so far in establish­ in the preparatory meetings for the Intermediate Meet­ ing concrete follow-up action on the terms of C. Res. ing of Fisheries · and Environment Ministers due to take 1994/3:3 calling for ICES co-sponsorship of the 1996 place in 1997. It was also proposed that the first of such Conference on Baltic Marine Research. The Working meetings due to take place in Oslo in mid-October Group on the Baltic Marine Environment had been should be attended by the General Secretary, the Fish­ asked to consider the matter, but had failed to provide ery Secretary and the Chairman of ACFM. These pro­ any clear advice. The Chairman therefore requested Dr posals were brought to the attention of the Consultative S. Carlberg (Chairman of MEQC) to consider this mat­ Committee and it was noted that any requests coming ter further in a sub-group including the Oceanography from these meetings may require additions to the terms Secretary, Dr H. Dahlin (Chairman of the Conference of reference of Study/Working Groups, and in particular Steering Group), and Dr H.P. Hansen (Chairman of the those of the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Working Group on the Baltic Marine Environment). Fishing Activities. Much of the discussion on the subject of the effects of fisheries on the ecosystem, however, At the second session of the Committee, Dr Carlberg focused on the IMPACT Working Group of reported that, after a brief discussion by the above men­ OSPARCOM (see item 10.3). tioned sub-group, three clear action items had been

118 Item 10.3 OSPARCOM: Working Group offshore areas. Several European Union programmes on Impacts on the Marine Envi­ cover species and coastal habitats seaward to the limits ronment (IMPACT) of territorial jurisdiction. For the offshore areas, NSC4 has requested the Oslo and Paris Commissions The Chairman of ACME reported that the OSPARCOM (OSPAR) to assess by 1997 (a) the work necessary to has established a new Working Group on Impacts on the improve the protection of marine species and their Marine Environment (IMPACT) that will consider non­ habitats outside territorial waters, and (b) the action contaminant related anthropogenic impacts on the ma­ needed to co-ordinate that work with the corresponding rine environment. These include the effects of fisheries work within territorial waters. Eight activities were on the ecosystem, impacts of mariculture, alien species specified as comprising parts of the work to be con­ from ballast water, and effects of marine sand and ducted by OSPAR, including developing criteria to gravel extraction. This group will meet forthe first time identify ecologically important or key biodiversity indi­ on 10-13 October 1995 to decide what aspects will be cator species and their habitats which are or may be­ covered in this work and where relevant information can come threatened or vulnerable; defining ecological ob­ be obtained. The Chairman of ACME was uncertain as jectives for the protection of identified marine species to whether the material in the ICES fisheries databases and habitats; and further developing existing monitoring will be readily adaptable to the purposes of this group. and research programmes to assess progress with re­ She pointed out, however, that IMPACT is not inter­ spect to meeting ecological objectives. ICES is men­ ested in raw fisheries data, but in aggregated data and tioned in only one of these eight action items, item (iii), interpretations on ecosystem effects. Following discus­ which specifies "Identifying and mapping the most sion of the important contributions which ICES should threatened and/or ecologically important species and be able to make to this Working Group through the habitats in collaboration with ICES, the European Envi­ medium of ICES Working Groups, it has been decided ronment Agency and/or other relevant organisations". that the Environment Secretary and Mr H. Sparholt will The Environment Secretary pointed out that the Oslo represent ICES at this meeting, and report back to the and Paris Commissions had not yet carried out any Chairmen of the Advisory Committees and the Consul­ work in this field, but its new Working Group on Im­ tative Committee on the outcome. pacts on the Marine Environment will be charged with co-ordinating this work and will undoubtedly ask ICES It was noted that the abbreviation for the OSPAR to provide information and advice to assist it. Working Group was the same as that of an ongoing EU research programme, now in its second phase, that deals Agenda Item 12 'SUSTAINABILITY' ISSUES - with impacts of fishing gears on the seabed and bottom INTEGRATING RATIONAL fauna. HARVESTING PRACTICES Wlffl PROTECTION OF THE The Chairman noted that ACME and ACFM will re­ MARINE ENVIRONMENT: view the outcome of this meeting, and may need to ICES QUO VADIS? amend or extend the terms of reference for some Working/Study Groups based on the decisions made. He The Committee briefly took note of the document requested to be kept informed of the outcome in order to "International Conferences and Conventions: The Need identify follow-up actions by ICES, and the resource for a Comprehensive ICES Response Mechanism" implications. (Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 15). In the time available, the Committee was unable to develop a response to the gen­ Agenda Item 1_1 FOURffl INTERNATIONAL eral issue of sustainability and agreed that ACFM and CONFERENCE ON fflE PRO­ ACME should consider these issues in the first instance. TECTION OF fflE NORffl It was noted that Delegates would consider this paper SEA and might provide some feedback to the Committee.

The Committee took note of Doc. C.M. 1995/Del: 14, a Agenda Item 13 PLANNING OF TIMETABLE report on the outcome of the Fourth International Con­ OF STUDY AND WORKING ference on the Protection of the North Sea (NSC4). The GROUP MEETINGS FOR THE Chairman of ACME reported that every delegation at TIMELY PRODUCTION OF NSC4 pointed to the need for quantifying interactions REPORTS between fisheries and the environment. An Intermediate Ministerial Meeting of fisheries and environmental At the firstsession of the Committee, the Fishery Secre­ ministers will be held in 1997 in Norway to consider tary was asked to provide a schedule of meetings in this topic further. ICES will be heavily involved in the 1996 before the second session as an aid to the Commit­ preparations for thismeeting. tee in planning the work for the year and the smooth production of Study/Working Group reports. A schedule Another topic of relevance to ICES arising from NSC4 of meetings in the Secretariat was duly prepared and a is the protection of species and habitats in coastal and clash of meetings in June was identified. It was agreed

119 that no other meetings would be held in the Secretariat ordinate all aspects of ICES activities on GLOBEC is­ while the Advisory Committees were in session and that sues and provide oversight and direction for the the dates chosen for the ACME meeting should have GLOBEC planning office, including primary ICES ad­ priority over Study/Working Group meetings. A num­ vice regarding selection of the planning officer. The ber of changes were made to the dates of Working Group would also organise the peer review of the re­ Group meetings to avoid overburdening of the Secretar­ ports of the Cod and Climate Working Groups and iat. workshops, devolving this responsibility from the Con­ sultative Committee. It was also noted that a very large number of meetings are due to be held either in the Secretariat or elsewhere Agenda Item 15 REVIEW OF ICES GROUPS: in the months March-June with rather few meetings at LONGEVITY AND ACTIVITY other times of year. It was recognised that this causes a STATISTICS major seasonal build up of work in the Secretariat while other periods, especially during the winter, are rela­ The Chairman distributed a single-page form which he tively devoid of meetings. proposed would assist Study/Working Groups in a self­ assessment of their work, and which could be used to Agenda Item 14 GLOBEC MATTERS assess the need for the particular group to continue, or for the establishment of new groups. He requested that Item 14.1 Update on ICES/GLOBEC Proj- Committee members provide him with their comments ect Office on this form by the end of November 1995. The Chair­ men of the Statistics and Pelagic Fish Committees sup­ The General Secretary informed the Committee that ported the idea of establishing criteria for judging such funding for the ICES/GLOBEC Project Office and the groups, and agreed to assist in the further development North Atlantic Programme Co-ordinator position had of this form, along with the Chairman of ACFM and been pledged by US (USD 100,000) and Norway (USD several other Committee members. A new form will be 50,000-100,000) for a period of two years. Other sup­ presented at the meeting of the Consultative Committee port is hoped for, and it was noted that funding of USD at the 1996 ASC. The Chairman of the Statistics 30,000 was likely to arise as a result of the Secretariat's Committee stressed the need for objective criteria when participation in the EC-MAST Project "TASC". The judging the establishment of new groups. Co-ordinator position would soon be advertised widely, and accommodation for the Office had been made avail­ Agenda Item 16 SUBMISSION OF PROTECTED able by the additional office space provided by Denmark DATA TO ICES WORKING (ICES Host Country). GROUPS

The General Secretary outlined difficulties encountered The Fishery Secretary reported that there had been one with SCOR with regard to the ICES role in co­ instance this year where data supplied to a Study Group sponsoring GLOBEC (with IOC and PICES). These by a Member Country laboratory had been provided difficulties had now been resolved by a letter of intent in with the request that permission be obtained from the which IOC and SCOR recognise a clear role for PICES Member Country concerned if the data were to be in­ and ICES as having the responsibility in their respective cluded in the report. This had created some inconven­ regions for implementing GLOBEC. Thus ICES can ience, but after investigation it appeared that the condi­ expect to see increasing attention from the Research tion had been applied simply because there had not been Councils in Member Countries to collaborate with ICES time to screen the data adequately before they were sent in the implementation of GLOBEC in the North Atlantic to ICES. Those parts of the report in which the data and adjacent seas. were utilised were sent for checking and the appropriate approval obtained. Although in this particular instance Item 14.2 Proposal for establishing a the problem was quickly resolved, it was observed that GLOBEC Steering Group some countries might expect to have difficulties in sup­ plying data to ICES databases in the near future, either The General Secretary introduced a proposal for the because of the monetary value of data or because of establishment of an ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Re­ their political sensitivity. gional Co-ordination Group, participation in which would be funded by the grants received for the While this Agenda Item had been included to cover the ICES/GLOBEC Project Office, apart from the partici­ Council's attitude towards national restrictions on the pation of those members nominated by countries or or - submission of data to ICES Working Groups etc., it was ganisations not contributing to the Office. The Co­ pointed out that the same considerations also applied to ordinating Group would be required to integrate and co- restrictions on the availability of particular software.

120 Agenda Item 17 REPORTS OF GROUPS Agenda Item 18 REPORT FROM THEME REPORTING TO THE CON­ SESSION U ON "WHAT'S SULTATIVE COMMITTEE NEW? (ADVISORY AND SCIENCE COMMITTEE HIGH­ Item 17.1 ICES/GLOBEC Working Group LIGHTS) on Cod and Climate Change The Chairman requested that the Committee members The Chairman of the Biological Oceanography Commit­ comment on whether they had found this Theme Session tee summarised the work undertaken by this Working worthwhile and whether it had served a useful purpose Group, the report of which is in Doc. C.M. 1995/A:8. in providing feedback on the scientific sessions to par­ He remarked that the Chairman, Dr S. Sundby, had ticipants at large. presented his report to a joint meeting of the Hydrogra­ phy and Biological Oceanography Committees. This There was a brief discussion of this Theme Session Group was concerned with elucidating the relationship without any clear conclusions being drawn, other than between climate and cod populations in the North At­ that such sessions are of great importance. It was agreed lantic. The Chairman of the Consultative Committee that the scope and handling of this session should be noted that it was dealing with a difficult area between discussed again at the Programme Planning meeting in environmental interactions on populations and the stock May 1995. assessment field, and the matter of how to integrate these had to be carefully considered, and must involve Agenda Item 19 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ACFM. It was also noted that one of the terms of refer­ MATTERS ence of the GLOBEC Co-ordinator is to provide a link with ICES Assessment Working Groups, and this should Item 19.1 ACFM lead to an improvement in the ability of this Working Group to develop this issue. The Committee had been provided with the two sets of minutes from the October-November 1994 and May It was agreed that, in future, peer review of this Work­ 1995 ACFM meetings. It was noted that a full account ing Group should be delegated to the proposed new of the working procedures of ACFM had been presented ICES/GLOBEC Co-ordination Group. at Theme Session U and that little further discussion was needed in the Committee. Item 17.2 ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Backward-Facing Workshop The Chairman remarked that it was likely that further consideration of the role of the Advisory Committees The Chairman of the Biological Oceanography Commit­ would be included in the final meeting of the Bureau tee presented the report of this Workshop (Doc. C.M. Working Group on the Structure of ICES. 1995/A:7) as an important piece of work which had been very competently undertaken under the leadership Item 19.2 ACME of the Co-Convenors Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) and Dr K. Frank (Canada). He noted that a second Workshop was The Committee noted the minutes from the May 1995 now being proposed, and this should be encouraged. ACME meeting, and the points presented at the June The Consultative Committee Chairman considered the 1995 Mid-Term Meeting of the Consultative Commit­ report a good advertisement for the role ICES can play tee. in its contribution to GLOBEC. The Chairman of ACME reported that the ACME had Item 17.3 ICES/GLOBEC Workshop on discussed the function of the minutes of ACME and the Cod and Climate Database level of detail that they should contain. The ACME had proposed a substantial reduction in the minutes, so that The Chairman of the Biological Oceanography Commit­ they would only cover the following topics: tee introduced Doc. C.M. 1995/A:5 which contained a description of the plans for this Workshop which was 1. a description of intersessional activities of ACME now scheduled to occur at the end of November 1995. members; The continual delays in setting up this Workshop was a 2. a list and description of issues and tasks for cause for concern, but he was now hopeful that the re­ Study /Working Groups; sults of this Workshop would contribute to the very im­ 3. issues that ACME wishes to bring to the attention of portant process of planning the implementation of the Consultative Committee and/or the Council to GLOBEC. express concern or request that a decision be made; 4. when relevant, a record of issues of controversy on which the ACME could not reach agreement.

121 The Chairman of ACME further pointed out that the Consultative Committee main record of the ACME meeting was contained in the ACME report, which was prepared as an ICES Coop­ The Committee approved several recommendations in­ erative Research Report and was available three to four volving meetings at Council expense. It considered that months after the end of the meeting. the proposal for an ICES/GLOBEC Regional Co­ ordination Group was an important development which In the discussion of this proposal, the Chairman of should make a considerable contribution to the imple­ ACFM pointed out that the ACFM Minutes are an im­ mentation of GLOBEC activities in the ICES area. This portant document for communicating with the ACFM Group was being set up initially for two years and Working Groups. They provide fairly detailed feedback would be financed entirely out of the US contribution to to Working Groups as well as serving as a record of the the GLOBEC Office. The Committee noted that this discussion within ACFM. Group would take over the peer review of the Cod and Climate Working Group and related activities. For the ACME, however, for which the minutes do not serve this function, the Committee considered that the Following discussion of the interlinking of the Cod and minutes need only be a brief list of follow-up actions, Climate studies with fish stock assessment, the Commit­ issues of concern, and other items not contained in the tee modified one of the terms of reference forthis group ACME report that needed to be recorded for the use of in order to allow it to consider effective working ar­ ACME, Consultative Committee, or the Council. rangements for linking environmental factors with stock assessment. Agenda Item 20 RECOMMENDATIONS BY AD­ VISORY AND SUBJECT AREA ACFM COMMITTEES The Committee's attention was drawn to the significant Item 20.1 Recommendations changes that had been made to this year's terms of ref­ erence for the assessment Working Groups and to In the first session, the Chairman drew attention to ACFM itself. document C.M. 1995/A:9 which was a compilation of draft recommendations that had been prepared by the A major change had been recommended in the working Professional Secretaries on the basis of the information procedures of ACFM, notably in dividing the meeting contained in the Working Group and Study Group re­ into preliminary sub-groups at which assessment Work­ ports. The Chairman asked that each Committee exam­ ing Group Chairmen would be present and much shorter ine the current status of their Working/Study Groups, plenary sessions for the formulation of the advice to the and in particular carefully examine any requests for the commissions and for the conduct of strategic planning. formulation of new Working or Study Groups. He em­ It was stressed, however, that the sub-groups are still to phasised that Study Groups in particular should have a be considered as an integral part of the ACFM meeting very short life, and Committees should critically exam­ under the full control of ACFM. The subject of national ine any of those that had been in existence formore than representation at the sub-group meetings was raised and two or three years. He requested the Committee to liaise it was pointed out that this would be facilitated by the very closely with the Professional Secretaries should option for alternates to attend these as well as the mem­ they wish to formulate new recommendations during the bers of ACFM, but not the plenary sessions, subject to course of the Meeting. agreement by ACFM. The major constraint on this was the limit to the expenses that could be provided by the The Chairman introduced a draft design for an assess­ Council. The other point of clarification was that the ment form for Working Groups, Study Groups and ACFM Consultations should be open to both the mem­ Workshops intended to encourage groups to assess their bers and alternates of ACFM and it was suggested that own performance, as well as peer review by the Parent this should be confirmed in writing to the relevant peo­ Committee or other external review. He considered that ple. such a form may well help the Committee to objectively identify those Groups that were not functioning effec­ Under the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Work­ tively. He then asked the Committee to review this form ing Group, it was noted that the proposal was to invite intersessionally with a view to its introduction next scientists from Lithuania to a one day Workshop at the year. All recommendations submitted by the Sub­ beginning of the meeting and that this would require ject/Area and Advisory Committees and by the Consul­ Council approval and an invitation from the General tative Committee itself were carefully reviewed. Details Secretary. of relevant revisions of recommendations by Commit­ tee, are as follows: The other major change was the proposed establishment of a Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group

122 to carry out assessments of all aspects of selected fish­ obtaining adequate expertise on these topics. The ery systems, including the traditional biological assess­ Chairman of the Mariculture Committee noted that a ments and analyses incorporating bioeconomic and man­ basic problem in beginning the preparation of a scoping agement aspects. Although some concern was expressed study was obtaining agreement on the definitions of the that this Working Group might be seen as overlapping key terms. the work of the assessment Working Groups, it was clear that it was badly needed if the recent initiatives in The Committee decided that the recommendation re­ extending the interests of ICES into the science of fish­ questing ICES Member Countries to report data from eries management were to be promulgated at the work­ biological effects monitoring measurements to the ICES ing level. Environmental Data Bank should be handled by the Sec­ retariat sending a letter to Member Countries with this Questions were asked about the reason for the proposed request. establishment of the Study Group on the Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species and it was pointed out Fish CaptureCommittee that this was both a response to a request from a regula­ tory commission and part of a proactive move to ad­ The Committee was informed that the two new Study dress the effects of fishing on components of the ecosys­ Groups would have a limited life of 2-3 years. The tem other than those normally assessed by ACFM. It Chairman of Statistics Committee drew attention to the was also noted that the species to be addressed in this fact that the success of the proposed Study Group on the group are those not currently assessed by ICES Working Use of Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment Groups. depended a lot on the participation of experts in statis­ tics, gear technology and fish stock assessment. The need for the re-establishment of the Pandalus As­ sessment Working Group was questioned in view of the Marine Environmental QualityCommittee fact that it had been dissolved only a year or so ago. It was pointed out, however, that other ways of assessing The recommendations of the Marine Environmental these stocks such as incorporating them in the work of Quality Committee were accepted with few amend­ other groups had not proved successful and the proposed ments. It was noted that there are still problems with arrangement, in which the assessments would be carried incorporating greater consideration of biological impacts out by correspondence, was expected to be the most in the Working Group on Effects of Extraction of Ma­ efficient. rine Sediments on the Marine Ecosystem, as this group tends to focus more on geological topics. The Chairman In view of the broadening of interest in the effects of of MEQC underlined that Delegates should be notified fisheries, the Chairman suggested that the terms of ref­ of the need for a different composition of the member - erence of many of the groups reporting to ACFM ship of this Working Group - the appointment of per­ should include wider questions of a more interdiscipli­ sons to such groups being in the hands of Delegates. nary nature and it was proposed that this should be taken up by ACFM at its next meetings. In this context, Mariculture Committee the question was raised how new types of expertise could. be tapped in the work of the assessment Working The publication of the Ballast Water Theme Session Groups and it was thought that this is most successfully papers in the ICES Cooperative Research Report series solved by transferring direct questions to other groups was strongly endorsed by the Committee. In noting that as had been done in the case of the Fish Capture there was a number of recommendations for publica­ Committee in relation to gear selectivity. tions in this series, the Committee expressed the hope that the Secretariat would allocate very high priority to ACME this particular one.

The recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Demersal Fish Committee the Marine Environment were considered and adopted with several amendments. The Committee supported the The Committee noted that it was proposed to seek for­ recommendation to publish the "Annotated Bibliography mal co-operation with ICCAT and IUCN in relation to on Transplantations and Transfers of Aquatic Organisms the work on elasmobranch fishes. There was some dis­ and their Implications on Aquaculture and Ecosystems" cussion about the advantages of such co-operation and it as a CD-ROM. was pointed out that there is a preliminary need to es­ tablish the objectives of the various bodies interested in Concerning the next meeting of ACME, the question this group and what data are likely to be available. was raised as to whether ACME has the expertise to prepare a scoping study on issues relating to sustainable In relation to the database report on the 1991 stomach development; the Chairman of ACME and the ex officio sampling project, it was noted that the Chairmen of the members were requested to take note of the problem of Demersal and Pelagic Fish Committees had carried out

123 thorough reviews and had recommended that the report ies Assessment Working Group and only one, or at the should be published as an ICES Cooperative Research most two meetings should be required. Report. Shellfish Committee BalticFi sh Committee In considering the recommendations of the Shellfish The Committee noted that the proposal to transfer and Committee, it was noted that no Chairman had yet been maintain an international trawl survey database at ICES found for the Study Group on the Assessment of Shell­ Headquarters had financial implications for the Council fish Stocks in the North Atlantic and also that there was and the Chairman therefore requested that these be a certain overlap with the new ACFM Study Group on made more explicit in the terms of reference. The the Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species, Working Group have therefore been asked to advise on which is being established on the basis of an EC re­ the expected costs to ICES. It was also suggested that quest. After discussion, the Committee decided that the this Working Group could be combined with the Inter­ Study Group on the Assessment of Shellfish Stocks in national Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group which the North Atlantic should be held in abeyance for the deals with the North Sea. It was pointed out, however, coming year and relevant shellfish species should be that this would be giving the wrong signal to the regula­ covered by the ACFM Study Group. This should be tory commission dealing with the Baltic and that it is noted in the report of the Shellfish Committee and the important to provide encouragement to scientists in the issue reviewed next year in terms of whether the Shell­ Baltic to carry out such research. It was therefore de­ fish Committee's Study Group should be continued or cided to retain this Working Group as a separate entity its terms of reference should be included as additional with the proviso that the format of the surveys and data­ terms of reference for the ACFM's Study Group. The base should be modelled on that used in the North Sea. latter will depend on which shellfish species the ACFM Study Group will cover. The need for a separate Study Group dealing with mul­ tispecies assessments in the Baltic was also questioned The recommendations of the Hydrography, Biological since the Multispecies Assessment Working Group now Oceanography, Statistics, Anadromous and Catadro­ deals with other areas outside the North Sea. The func­ mous Fish, Pelagic Fish, and Marine Mammals Com­ tion of the Study Group on Multispecies Model Imple­ mittees and the joint ACFM/ACME were adopted by mentation in the Baltic, however, is to complete the the Consultative Committee without major comment. development of the models for use by the Baltic Fisher-

124 Item 20.2 Lists of the various Working Groups, Study Groups and other Groups and Workshops that were dissolved, established, or renamed by virtue of Council Resolutions at the 1995 Annual Science Con­ ference:

Type of Action Name

Dissolved Working Groups

Multispecies Assessment of Baltic Fish Long-Term Management Measures Pectinid Stocks ADP Matters

Study Groups

Target Strength Methodology SKAGEX Redfish Stocks Assessment-Related Research Activities Relevant to Baltic Fish Resources Methods of Spatial and Temporal Integration Data Preparation for the Assessment of Demersal and Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic Saithe Spatfall and Recruitment in Bivalve Stocks

Sub-Group

Selectivity Methods

AdHoc Group

Ad Hoe Group on ICES Secretariat Databases

Planning Group

Multispecies Assessment of Boreal Systems Symposium on "The Role of Physical and Biological Processes in the Dynamics of Marine Populations"

Steering Group

Integrated Study of Processes of Pollutant Transfer and Effects on Biota

Established Working Groups

Baltic Fisheries Survey Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Pandalus Assessment

Study Groups

Management Performance of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) Systems Grid (Grate) Sorting Systems in Trawls, Beam Trawls, and Seine Nets Use of Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment Multispecies Model Implementation in the Baltic Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species

125 Workshops

Second ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing Workshop ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Database Pelagic Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea?? ICES/NAFO Greenland Halibut Age Reading Development of in situ Growth Rate Measurements in Dinoflagellates Estuarine Behaviour of Metals Interactions between Salmon Lice and Salmonids Shellfish Bivalve Cultivation: Growth, Modelling and Impact on the Ecosystem

Other Groups

ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Regional Co­ ordination Group Ad Hoe Group on the Production of ICES Working Group Reports Ad Hoe Database/GIS Practitioners

Special Meetings

The Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfish for Monitor­ ing Biological Effects of Contaminants Co-ordinators of the 1991 Stomach Sampling Data­ base

Renamed Working Groups

Mass Rearing of Juvenile Marine Fish to Marine Fish Culture Assessment of Demersal and Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic to Baltic Fisheries Assessment Atlanto-Scandian Herring, Capelin and Blue Whiting Assessment to Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries

126 Item 20.3 New Study/Working Group Chairmen

The Council's attention is drawn to the following new Chairmen of Study Groups, Working Groups, and other Groups and Workshops:

Chairman Group

Working Group

Mr J. Nichols (UK) Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg Surveys Dr J. Modin (Sweden) Baltic Fisheries Survey Dr E. Svendsen (Norway) Shelf Seas Oceanography Dr P. Gentien (France) Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics Mr M. Pawson (UK) Assessment of SouthernShelf Demersal Stocks Dr G. Stefansson (Iceland) Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Mr S. Tveite (Norway) Pandalus Assessment To be nominated by ACFM1 North Western To be nominated by ACFM1 Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species

Study Groups

Mr P. Ernst (Germany) -(Co-Chairman) Baltic Cod Age-Reading Mr J.W. Valdemarsen (Norway) Grid (Grate) Sorting Systems in Trawls, Beam Trawls, and Seine Nets Dr R.M. Cook (UK) Use of Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment Dr F. Koster (Germany) Multispecies Model Implementation in the Baltic Dr J.D.M. Gordon (UK) Biology and Assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries and Resources Dr D. Lane (Canada) Management Performance of Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) Systems Mr A. Frechet (France) Unaccounted Mortality in Fisheries

Workshops

Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) and Dr. K.T. Frank (Canada) Second ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing Workshop Dr S. Murawski (USA), Dr. D. Mountain (USA) and ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Database Work- Dr K. Brander (UK) shop Mr K. Nedreaas (Norway) ICES/NAFO Greenland Halibut Age Reading Dr 0. Lindahl (Sweden) Development of in situ Growth Rate Measurements in Dinoflagellates Dr J.F. Chiffoleau (France) Estuarine Behaviour of Metals Dr A. McVicar (UK) Interactions between Salmon Lice and Salmonids Dr L. Hernroth (Sweden) Pelagic Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea

Special Meetings

Mr S.W. Feist (UK) and Dr T. Lang (Germany) The Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfish for Monitor­ ing Biological Effects of Contaminants Dr J.R.G. Hislop (UK) Co-ordinators of the 1991 Stomach Sampling Data­ base

Other Groups

Chairman of Consultative Committee ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Regional Co­ ordination Group Chairman of Consultative Committee Production of ICES Working Group Reports

1 At the October-November 1995 ACFM Meeting, Mr J. Reiner (Denmark) was elected Chairman of the North West­ ern Working Group and Dr R. Mohn (Canada) was elected Chairman of the Working Group on the Assessment of other Fish and Shellfish Species

127 The following Table compares the number of scheduled meetings and correspondence activities of Council Groups, Workshops and Advisory Committees in 1990-1996. The total number of meetings is one less than last year. A sub­ stantial increase in the number of Working Group meetings has been offset by decreases in the number of both Study Group meetings and Workshops.

Meetings and corre 2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 spondence T M C T M C Working Group 46 45 36 42 40 46 40 6 55 52 3 Sub-Group 1 - 1 1 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 Study Group 12 16 16 19 16 22 13 9 14 9 5 Planning Group 3 4 4 3 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 Workshop 3 6 9 4 19 13 13 0 8 8 0 Advisory Com- 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 0 mittee Others 5 3 6 7 6 5 5 0 9 9 0

Total 73 77 75 79 91 93 75 18 92 84 8 �T=total number, M=meeting, C=working by correspondence

Agenda Item 21 MAITERS REFERRED TO proposals were debated at all levels in ICES, and in THE COMMITTEE BY THE particular by the Consultative Committee as they could BUREAU OR COUNCIL lead to steps being taken which might be irrevocable. However, the need to deal with matters such as a re­ Professor Malkki, Chairman of the Bureau Working sponse to involvement in the global ocean programmes Group on the Structure of ICES, attended the start of and biodiversity, required that ICES had to consider the second session in order to briefly present, and par­ fundamental change in its Scientific Committee Struc­ ticipate in the discussion on, the report of this Working ture. He noted that past discussions had focused on Group (Doc C.M. 1995/Del:13). This document had fairly modest approaches to change, but it was clear that been made generally available on 24 September, in or­ such changes were not easy to achieve, and as a result der to encourage discussion of its proposals during the Bureau Working Group had proposed more radical Theme Session U, which took place immediately prior alternatives. He then invited comments from the Consul­ to the discussion in the Committee. tative Committee members, expressing the hope that they may have been able to obtain the views of their Professor Malkki outlined the issues and objectives in­ particular Subject/ Area Committees. cluded in this report, and noted that many of the issues and concerns raised during Theme Session U had also Most members contributed to the ensuing discussion, been considered and debated by the Bureau Working and this further demonstrated that opinion. in general Group (BWG). The BWG had concluded however that was fundamentally polarised between those very much the need for re-organisation was very clear, particularly in favour of the proposals, to those firmly against them. as there was a lot of evidence that the Scientific Com­ mittee structure was not functioning effectively. He ex­ The Chairmen of the Fish Capture, Mariculture, Pelagic plained that the BWG had advocated both a top-down Fish, ANACAT and Shellfish Committees expressed and bottom-up approach which would require that the strong views, mostly on behalf of their Committees, proposed new Scientific Committees and the Working against the proposals. These Committees are currently Groups would have an increasing role. The proposed functioning effectively with participation of leading sci­ three Scientific Committees would be able to create entists in their respective fields. As a result they were their own Working Groups etc., and have an important more reluctant to advocate radical change. Nevertheless co-ordinating role for future ICES programmes. The they did not favour the status quo, and made a number Working Groups would also have a vital role in further­ of suggestions for improvement. These included the ing in-depth studies of single disciplines. need to clearly separate the business and science, and re-examine the status of ICES papers, including giving The Chairman commented that the BWG report, which Chairmen the power to peer review papers. There was contained a number of proposals, had profound implica­ also a suggestion to reduce the number of Committee tions regarding the way ICES may conduct its business members from two per Member Country by installing in future. He considered it very important that these an elected panel. Several Chairmen commented that any

128 change should be implemented in a step-wise manner, in noted that ICES papers are recorded in the ASFA data­ order to allow for the careful assessment of the conse­ base and for this reason they are fairly widely known. quences of any change. Nevertheless, a large majority of Committee members felt that it should not be obligatory to prepare written The Chairmen of the Statistics, Marine Environmental material to give a presentation at the Annual Science Quality, and Demersal Fish Committees all expressed a Conference. However, in recognition of the fact that desire for reorganisation of the ICES committee struc­ written papers are particularly helpful to participants ture as they considered that the present Subject/Area who do not have English as their mother tongue, it was Committees did not function satisfactorily, so the risk felt that the preparation of papers should be optional. It for radical change was worth taking. Some Chairmen was also necessary to note that ICES, as an intergov­ noted that they were lacking key expertise because of a ernmental body, has obligations to its Member Coun­ slow drift of leading scientists away from ICES. tries and that their views should be taken into account.

It was noted that the present review had largely ex­ Although there was general agreement that ICES papers cluded consideration of the Advisory Committees but would not under such a proposal be retained by ICES, pressures for interdisciplinary advice meant that consid­ an important exception should be Working Group re­ eration would have to be given in the future as to how ports and reports of surveys or other work the data from these Committees can be made more effective in this which are needed for the work of the Council. It is par­ area. The Chairman of ACME reminded the Committee ticularly important for ICES to continue publication of that interdisciplinary interactions between the Advisory reports because of their value irrespective of their suit­ Committees was currently being fostered by the fact that ability for publication in peer-reviewed journals. If the both Committee Chairs were from the same institute. proposal was pursued, it was thought that it would be However, such coincidence was unlikely to occur again essential to increase the time allocated to each paper at in the foreseeable future. the scientific sessions. It should also be made clear that papers would be selected for presentation on the basis of In concluding the discussion, the Chairman noted the the abstracts and that fuller, more informative abstracts clear difference of opinion in the Committee. He had are essential. sympathy with both sides of the argument. However, these and other points would be aired in the continuing Despite there having been some slippage in the prepara­ debate on this matter in the "Extra" session of the Dele­ tion of Identification Leaflets for Fish and Shellfish Dis­ gates meeting on 27 September. He asked Professor eases, it had been agreed that the six already in the Malkki to convey the feelings of the Committee to pipeline should be completed and that subsequently it Delegates. might be advisable to identify two co-editors, one from each side of the Atlantic, to imbue some momentum. Agenda Item 22 ANY OTHERBUSINESS The Future Role of the Mariculture Committee MattersCo ncerning Publications The Consultative Committee considered a presentation In connection with the publications policy of ICES, the on the Mariculture Committee prepared by a number of Chairman informed the Committee that Symposia are of members of the latter committee. The paper discussed considerable importance because the financial future of some problems with its current structure and proposed the ICES Journalrests on the speed, efficiencyof publi­ corrective action and provided a statement on the future cation and quality of papers from the Symposia. He also role of the mariculture function within ICES. This pres­ asked the Committee to consider how wide the scope of entation was based on a Discussion Paper on Future the ICES Journal should be because there had been Plans for the Mariculture Committee that is an annex to some debate about the desirability of broadening the the 1995 Mariculture Committee Report. subject matter too far. Different views were put forward by Committee members, but there was a fear that too It was pointed out that mariculture science is dealt with wide a coverage would reduce the interest in the ICES in many scientific forums (e.g. WAS, EIFAC, EAS) Journal to any one discipline. It might therefore be bet­ and that ICES did not need to duplicate these efforts. It ter to confine the scope to the traditional ground occu­ was considered important, however, for ICES to de­ pied by the Journalover many years. velop a strategic overview of mariculture and, in order to provide comprehensive advice to ICES, it was rec­ This discussion led on to one about the need for written ommended that observers be identified to provide a re­ papers at the Annual Science Conference, a subject that port on the highlights from these scientific meetings to had been discussed two years before. There was consid­ the Mariculture Committee at the ICES Annual Science erable strength of feeling that Council Meeting papers Conference. are not an adequate form of publication because they have-not been peer-reviewed and because they cannot be Another point addressed the important role the cited in some scientific journals. Against this, it was Mariculture Committee might play, on behalf of ICES,

129 in formulating on Integrated Coastal Zone Management any, or all of its existing Working Groups, which have strategy. Mariculture development is directly dependent been established to provide specialist advice within sci­ on the maintenance of high standards of environmental entific disciplines. quality in coastal areas and access to coastal resources. The Committee, through its WGEIM, Workshops and The Mariculture Committee recommended that any re­ Theme Sessions on the topic of coastal resource model­ structuring within ICES must give careful consideration ling and planning, is making considerable progress on to the mariculture programme, ensure that a focus is this topic. maintained for this industry component, and that care is exercised so that the progress achieved to date by ICES It was pointed out that mariculture, as an activity, does in the field of mariculture is not lost. not easily fit within the fundamental ICES structure of fisheries, environment and oceanography. Although Vote of thanks to outgoing Subject/Area Committee currently administered within the "environment­ Chairmen oceanography" sector, the scientific basis for maricul­ ture is closely aligned with the biological sciences of The Chairman recognised the Committee's endeavours fish and shellfish. Mariculture is somewhat of an in responding to a very demanding Agenda. He particu­ "orphan" within the ICES structure. The Committee larly thanked the outgoing Subject/ Area Committee does, however, provide an important focus for this eco­ Chairmen (Mr E. Aro, Demersal Fish Committee; Mr nomic sector. Given the rapid development and increase S. Carlberg, MEQC; Mr R. Fonteyne, Fish Capture in cultured fish production, it is essential that ICES re­ Committee; Mr B. Sjostrand, Baltic Fish Committee; tains a means of co-ordinating activities and providing Dr M. Reeve, Biological Oceanography Committee) for integrated scientific advice on mariculture. This is the hard work and cooperation during their terms of office. current role of the Mariculture Committee. This unique He then adjournedthe meeting. co-ordination role cannot be effectively substituted by

DOCUMENTS

A: 1 Agenda forthe Consultative Committee A:2 Minutes of ACFM Meeting, ICES Headquarters, 25 October - 2 November 1994 A:3 Minutes of ACFM Meeting, ICES Headquarters, 16 - 24 May 1995 A:4 Minutes of ACME Meeting, ICES Headquarters, 26- 31 May 1995 A:5 ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Data Base Workshop Ref C, G, H, J, L Postponed until 15-16 November 1995 A:6 Report of the Ad Hoe Group on the ICES Secretariat Databases A:7 Report of the Cod and Climate Backward-Facing Workshop Ref C, G, H, J, L A:8 Report of the Working Group on Cod and Climate Change Ref C, G, H, J, L A:9 Compendium of Draft Recommendations

130 ANNEX 1 General List of Science Topics

Collated from Reports of Consultative Committee and Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES. The original lists illustrated general aims, current topics, and new work areas.

A. Oceanography/ Ocean Variability

Aims

• Understanding local, regional and global oceanographic processes over various time scales (physics, chemistry, biology, sea-air interactions, temporal and spatial scales) • Understanding their dependence on long-term climatic events • Understanding their influence on the fisheries & environment through the coupling of biological and physical processes at all levels in the marine food chain

Current /New topics

◊ Improving observational strategies to obtain correct and relevant time series of data ◊ Quantifying the role of the marine biota in the planetary carbon cycle, and devising economical ways of detecting functional changes ◊ Biogeochemical cycles ◊ How climate changes affects the state variables in the ICES area ◊ Is there an ecosystem contribution to variance in fish recruitment, and if so how can it be described and quanti- fied? ◊ The control of environmental and fishery processes by physical factors e.g. entrainment, frontogenesis ◊ Quantifying fluxes over boundaries, and exchange rates within basins ◊ Models as a tool in environmental research ◊ Modelling environmental and coastal interactions ◊ Implementation and validation of operational models (including necessary field experiments) ◊ What is increasing the incidence of harmful algal blooms? Development of rapid response investigations. ◊ What can be learned from characterising the optical properties of the ocean? How could optical surveys, ground truthing, and interpretation be achieved?

B. Harvest Fisheries

Aims

• Understanding the population dynamics of fish, shellfish and mammals, and their response to local and regional exploitation (e.g. stock structure, ecology, life history, effects of harvesting, assessments) • Investigating how to maintain sustainable populations on a regional and global basis (e.g. capture processes, re­ production and recruitment, harvesting models, short- and long-term management methods) • Understanding the impact of fishing on the environment (e.g. discards, by-catches, non-target species, seabed effects, food web links, multispecies effects ) • Providing management advice to customers

Current /New topics

◊ Ecosystem effects of exploitation of living resources (Symposium/ Mini-symposium topic) ◊ Improving the link between science and management (e.g. integrating biological, socio-economic, and anthropo­ logical considerations, structural decision making, the role of scientific advice in management, the development of management systems themselves) ◊ Definition of management units. Should management be based on stocks or fisheries? How to deal with straddling stocks and fisheries? ◊ Overfishing (can biological and economic definitions and objectives be reconciled?, what remedial measures can eliminate overfishing?) ◊ Sustainable fisheries (definitions of conservation and sustainability, biological threshold and constraints, com­ parative studies of stock collapse and extinction, role of environmental fluctuations, definition and relevance of the concept of biodiversity, should managers take into account the economic/ financial difficulties of fishermen?)

131 0 Analyse failures in implementation of recommendations (case history approach) 0 'North Sea Task Force' type analysis of regional fisheries problems 0 Evaluate and develop the role of multispecies assessments 0 Management under uncertainty (recruitment effects, management under ecological and economic variability and uncertainty) 0 Develop long-term management objectives, strategies and tactics 0 Restocking fisheries (evaluation of success or failure, ecological considerations, how can marine mammal by­ catches be reduced?) 0 Development of integrated studies (fish, fisheries, and ecosystems), and a broader approach to the scientific basis formanaging living marine resources generally 0 New work on mammals (reduce by-catches by studying gear performance and mammal behaviour) 0 Raise the profile of assessment and management studies of such groups as cephalopods, and shellfish species gen­ erally.

C. Environmental studies, including coastal zone studies

Aims

• Examining conditions in the marine environment (e.g. production processes at all trophic levels, nutrient concen­ trations and fluxes, blooms, measuring contaminant concentrations and distribution, diseases of marine organisms) • Understanding the effects of anthropogenic factors in the marine environment (e.g. eutrophication, climate change, habitat degradation and destruction, biological effects of contaminants, ecosystem effects of fishing, by­ catch mortality, food webs and sea birds, effects of seabed extraction, discharges, dumping, mariculture, intro­ duction of non-indigenous species, introduction of genetically modified organisms) • Understanding the management of the marine environment (e.g. environmental management objectives, integra- tion of population and environmental management, coastal zone interactions) • Providing management advice to customers

Current and new topics

0 Recent progress in integrated coastal zone management 0 Dynamics of algal blooms 0 Interactions of mariculture in coastal areas 0 Feeding strategies formariculture 0 Application of operational oceanography for protection of coastal resources 0 Modelling oceanographic processes foruse in coastal resource and environmental studies 0 Assessing and managing the environmental impact of fisheries exploitation and of marine aquaculture 0 Measuring, evaluating and managing the biological effects of contaminants 0 Evaluating the link between environmental quality and marine mammals 0 Disease-contaminant relationships in environmental monitoring 0 Assessing the impact of introductions and transfers of marine organisms caused by ballast water 0 Developing operational definitions of targets for measuring ecological quality in order to achieve management objectives forthe coastal zone 0 Developing a prescriptive approach to environmental management

132 REPORTS OF SUBJECT/AREA COMMITTEES

FISH CAPTURE COMMITTEE (B)

Chairman: M R. Fonteyne Rapporteur: Mr C.W. West

The Committee met on Thursday 21 September from sea" and presented by K. Michaelsen, had been nomi­ 11 :30 to 16:00 hrs, on Friday 22 September from 14:30 nated for the award for best paper presentation. to 16:00 hrs, and on Saturday 23 September from 16:30 to 18:00 hrs. During the sessions, five reports from At the close of the session, the Chairman-elect (Dr Working Groups, Study Groups, and Sub-Groups, and P.A.M. Stewart) thanked the outgoing Chairman M R. 17 scientific contributions and 8 posters were presented. Fonteyne forhis service to the Committee.

Committee Business Working/Study Group Reports

The meeting was opened by the Chairman, M R. Fon­ The report on the meeting of the Working Group on teyne, and Mr C.W. West was appointed Rapporteur. Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (FTFB) (Doc. The Committee were informed of two recent publica­ B:2) which met in Aberdeen, Scotland in April 1995 tions of particular interest: ICES Cooperative Research was presented by the Working Group Chairman Dr S. Report No. 209 - Underwater Noise of Research Ves­ Walsh. The terms of reference for the meeting were to: sels, and the Proceedings of the ICES International a) advise ACFM on appropriate mesh sizes correspond­ Symposium on Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics., to be ing to an L50 of 38 cm for Baltic Sea cod in I) exit win­ published as No. 202 in the ICES Marine Science Sym­ dows installed in codends of cod trawls with 105 mm posia Series, ICES Journal of Marine Science. codends, and II) codends with standard diamond meshes; b) evaluate recent experiments on the selectiv­ The Chairman gave a brief account of some issues dis­ ity of Nephrops trawls and report to ACFM; c) consider cussed by the Consultative Committee in their meeting and review studies to investigate measures of fishing held on 20 September 1995. First was that in the future, effort and how these vary with gear type, with the aim paper distribution would be limited to Committee of improving the precision of effort data used in catch­ Chairmen, and that conference papers may be distrib­ per-unit-of-effort calculations; d) consider and comment uted on CD-ROM. The second item was that awards on the draftversion of the Manual of Methods of Meas­ would be presented for the best paper, best poster, and uring the Selectivity of Towed Fishing Gears prepared best presentation by a young scientist, and that nomina­ by the Sub-Group on Selectivity Methods; and e) review tions should be given to the Session Chairmen to be and comment on the report of the Study Group on Un­ forwarded to the Chairman of the Consultative Commit­ accounted Mortality in Fisheries. 25 contributions were tee. The last item was a reminder that a new Chairman given, some as posters. Four recommendations were put for the Fish Capture Committee would be elected at the forward, as were five suggested work items for the Committee session on 22 September. Working Group.

The Chairman mentioned that due to the large number The report of the Sub-Group on Selectivity Methods of contributions relative to the time available in the ses­ (Doc. B:2 (annex)), which also met in Aberdeen in sions, he had asked some authors to present their con­ April, was presented by Sub-Group Chairman Mr D. tributions in the form of posters instead of papers. In Wileman. He briefly reviewed the contents of the draft most cases these were contributions that had already Manual of Methods of Measuring the Selectivity of been presented as papers in other settings such as Towed Fishing Gears prepared by the Sub-Group, and Working Group and Study Group meetings. He asked discussed comments on the draft that had been offered that poster authors be present to describe their work by the FTFB Working Group participants. In substance, during two specified poster sessions. these were: a) a recommendation that several alterna­ tive, widely-used methods exist for assessing selectivity Dr P.A.M. Stewart (UK) was elected the new Chair­ and should be treated equally in the manual, with their man of the Fish Capture Committee, his term com­ advantages and disadvantages listed so a manual user mencing 1 November 1995 and running forthree years. can make a choice appropriate to his or her situation; b) the ICES mesh gauge should remain the standard mesh It was noted that contribution B:34, a poster prepared size measurement technique, but that it should also be by H. Ozbilgin and G. Holtrop and entitled "Effect of calibrated against the legal mesh wedge gauge or other the sub-sampling procedure on the accuracy of the esti­ technique in use in the study area; and c) a paper by Dr mates of selectivity parameters from selectivity experi­ R.M. Cook describing how resource assessment biolo­ ments," had been nominated as the best contribution by gists use selectivity estimates should be incorporated as young scientists. Contribution B: 16, by O.R. God.0, I. a chapter in the manual. The current draft of the manual Huse, and K. Michaelsen, entitled "Catfish- king of the has been revised to reflect these comments and is pres-

135 ently being reviewed by independent referees, with a ods and results and on aspects of fish behaviour that goal of final approval this autumn by the Chairman of affect acoustic surveys. the Fish Capture Committee, and publication as an ICES Cooperative Research Report. The Chairman en­ Scientific Contributions dorsed the recommendations for intercalibration of the ICES gauge and local techniques, and the incorporation Two papers were presented in the area of fisheries of the chapter on the use of selectivity estimates. acoustics. Doc. B: 12 described diurnal patterns of ori­ entation and vertical migration behaviour in herring and The Report of the Study Group on Unaccounted Mor­ correlated these patterns to diurnal patterns of acoustic tality in Fisheries (Doc. B: 1), which also met in Aber­ density estimates. Doc. B:23 discussed various statisti­ deen in April, was presented by Mr A. Frechet. He cal and methodological treatments of acoustic survey briefly reviewed the contents of the report, with special data and their potential for improving accuracy. emphasis on a report presented to the Sub-Group by G. Sangster and K. Lehmann, which pointed out that post­ Four papers were presented in the field of gear selec­ escape and post-discard survival in haddock was nega­ tivity. Doc. B: 17 reported the results of experiments on tively correlated with fish length and that this finding gillnet selectivity for Greenland halibut in the waters of has already revised the views of assessment biologists. Greenland, which showed that mesh selection effects A brief discussion followed in which the following were clear and consistent with results reported for other points were raised: a) that the increased mortality rates flatfish species. Doc. B: 18 reported the results of a suffered by smaller fish may be due to higher levels of study applying various statistical treatments to gillnet physiological stress, or greater vulnerability to such selectivity and compared the usefulness and applicability stresses; b) that the proportions of fish surviving or dy­ of the techniques. Two papers (Docs. B:21 and B:22) ing seem to be independent of mesh size; c) that from treated theoretical and modelling studies of the me­ an assessment standpoint selectivity studies are incom­ chanical properties of various alternative arrangements plete without corresponding survival data; and d) that of the netting used to assemble codends, and of the hy­ post-escape vulnerability to predation must be addressed drodynamic regime in which codends operate and how in future research. this influences their configuration when fishing.

The Report of the Study Group on Target Strength Three papers were presented on the subject of fish be­ Methodology (Doc B:3) was presented by Dr K. Foote. haviour. Doc. B: 19 reported the successful use of elec­ He briefly reviewed the contents of the most recent tronic data-recording tags, used in conjunction with draft. In the discussion following the presentation the conventional tags, in a mark-recapture experiment following points were raised: a) that the report is still in studying migratory and other behaviours in Icelandic draft form and consequently distribution is limited; b) cod. Doc. B: 16 reported the very aggressive feeding that Study Group Chairman Mr E. Ona wishes all criti­ behaviour of catfish and discussed its possible implica­ cisms transmitted to him within the next two months to tions for assessment efforts using longline catch data. facilitate the timely publication of the report as an ICES This presentation was noteworthy for its effective use of Cooperative Research Report; c) that while problems in illustrations. Doc. B:20, read by title only, discussed the methodology of single-target selection for target the use of electric fishing techniques for sampling early strength calculations still remain, many significant re­ life history stages of lobster. cent findings are contained within the report which war­ rant publication; and d) that the report contains much Five papers were presented on the subject of fishing new material that has not been subject to peer review gear and the environment. Doc. B: 15, accompanied by and consequently contributors face a special responsi­ a brief videotape presentation, reported a laboratory bility to be cautious in their use and interpretation of study aimed at assessing the vulnerability to predation such material in the report. of small cod that escaped through the meshes of a trawl in a simulated trawling setting, and found that under the The Report of the Working Group on Fisheries Acoustic experimental conditions the treated fish were no more Science and Technology (FAST) (Doc. B:4), which met vulnerable than fish that had not been so exposed. The in Aberdeen in April, was presented by Mr E.J. Sim­ following discussion pointed up the difficulties of real­ monds. He briefly reviewed the report's contents, lay­ istically modelling the actual trawling operation and the ing special emphasis on the need to perform more re­ natural environment. Doc. B:8, accompanied by a brief search on the target strength of krill, and on the fact videotape presentation, reported the results of a study that no consensus has yet been reached on the design of on the mortality rates and skin injuries suffered by Bal­ acoustic surveys, where temporal change is a critical tic cod escaping from exit windows installed in trawl problem. The recommendations for the Group's work codends, which found that mortality rates were negligi­ next year evolved from the ICES International Sympo­ ble, but reservations remained about the fate of smaller sium on Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics (Aberdeen, fish. Doc. B:36 reported a literature review on the ex­ 12-16 June 1995) and focus on echo classification meth- tent of penetration of beam trawl gear into the sea bed, with most papers agreeing on penetration of 1.5 - 7 cm

136 depending on substrate composition and other parame­ of echograms, and b) define aspects of fish behaviour ters. In the following discussion similar findings by that affect acoustic surveys with the aim of identifying other researchers actively studying this issue supported the most tractable problems. this conclusion. Doc. B: 10, title read and summary pre­ sented by the Chairman, discussed studies conducted to It was recommended that the Report on "Methodology determine the relative importance of various factors for Target Strength Measurements" (with special refer­ affecting the physical performance of a sampling trawl ence to in situ techniques for fish and micro-nekton), and discussed measures to improve standardisation. In prepared by the Study Group on Target Strength Meth­ the discussion that followed, it was pointed out that odology and edited by Mr E. Ona, be published in the many of these topics have already been studied and that ICES Cooperative Research Report Series. Its approxi­ various technical measures exist to ensure more consis­ mate length was estimated at 120 pages of text and fig­ tent performance. Doc. B:26 also addressed problems ures. It was pointed out that the existing draft requires with standardising the construction, maintenance, and additional review and commentary, which should be operation of survey gears to ensure consistent perform­ transmitted to the editor within the next two months. ance. The discussion raised the point that the whole concept of preserving a "time series" of survey-derived It was recommended that the Working Group on Fishing abundance indices may need re-examination if innova­ Technology and Fish Behaviour next meet in Woods tive sampling gears or techniques offer the potential to Hole, Massachusetts, USA from 15-18 April 1996 to a) improve the accuracy and precision of future data. It review and evaluate progress in estimating efficiency of was also mentioned that it is very difficult to envision, sampling gears used to derive survey abundance indices much less design, build, and operate, a sampling gear of different life history stages of marine and freshwater that will function consistently and reliably for all species species; b) make recommendations for future research and fishing conditions. on survey gears that will improve the reliability and precision of survey abundance indices; c) consider other Two papers were presented on the subject of fishing related research in fishing technology and fish behav­ effort. Doc. B:28 discussed the confusing terminology iour; d) review and summarise the results of experi­ surrounding the subject of fishing effort and the diffi­ ments made so far on the selection properties of gears culties of formulating legislative means to effectively used in fisheries for cod in the Baltic Sea, and on the and equitably regulate effort. In the discussion that fol­ survival of cod escapees, and report the conclusions to lowed, it was pointed out that an excessively broad the Baltic Assessment Working Group and the ACFM; definition of effort invites exploitation by fishermen, e) further advise the Baltic Assessment Working Group while an excessively narrow system of definitions can and the ACFM on appropriate mesh sizes corresponding quickly become cumbersome and impractical to admin­ to an L50 of 38 cm for Baltic Sea cod in I) exit windows ister. It was also mentioned that discrepancies in the installed in codends of cod trawls with 105 mm terminology applied to efforts and gears make it diffi­ codends, and II) codends with standard diamond cult to interpret existing data. Doc. B:24 discussed an meshes; and t) advise the Baltic Fish Committee on a experiment which compared the fishing efficiency of standard trawl for resource assessment surveys. In the three bottom trawls used in surveys in Portugal, and discussion that followed, the FTFB Working Group pointed out that the power of the analysis associated Chairman expressed his confidence that these tasks with the comparative fishing experiment made it diffi­ could be accomplished by the Working Group, and a cult to detect significant differences and thus hampered suggestion was made that Mr R.S.T. Ferro be nomi­ efforts to correctly interpret the results. In the discus­ nated to continue as Chairman of the Sub-Group treat­ sion it was pointed out that the technique used in the ing the Baltic Sea cod issues. It was noted that items d) experiment for standardising the three trawls' swept and e) essentially duplicate work requested by the Baltic areas could lead to errors, instead the use of trawl in­ Sea Fisheries Commission and that this duplication strumentation to monitor performance was recom­ should be mentioned to ACFM. mended. It was recommended that the "Manual of Methods for Recommendations Measuring the Selectivity of Towed Fishing Gears," prepared by the Sub-Group on Selectivity Methods and A number of recommendations were discussed, most of edited by Mr D.A. Wileman (Denmark), Mr R.S.T. which had been put forward in the various reports from Ferro (UK), M R. Fonteyne (Belgium), and Dr R. Working Groups, Sub-Groups, and Study Groups. Millar (New Zealand) be published in the ICES Coop­ These were as follows: that the Fisheries Acoustic Sci­ erative Research Report Series, subject to final review ence and Technology Working Group next meet in by the Chairman of the Fish Capture Committee. The Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA from 17-19 April estimated number of pages is 180. It was pointed out 1996 to a) discuss echo classification methods and re­ that a draft of the manual is presently under review by sults including shoal parameters, evaluation and defini­ independent referees, which should be concluded within tions, methods and problems, behavioural parameters, two months. standardisation, signal classification, and interpretation

137 It was recommended that the Study Group on Unac­ Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment be es­ counted Mortality in Fisheries (Chairman: Mr A. Fre­ tablished under the Chairmanship of Dr R.M. Cook chet, Canada) will work by correspondence in 1996 to (UK) and to meet in Woods Hole, USA from 19-20 a) review and summarise any new work undertaken on April 1996 to: a) evaluate whether selectivity parame­ the estimation of unaccounted mortality in fisheries; b) ters obtained under experimental conditions are good develop priorities for future research; and c) plan for a predictors of the selectivity of commercial fleets using meeting in 1997. The Study Group will report to the the same nominal mesh size; b) suggest ways in which FTFB Working Group and the Fish Capture Committee. experimentally obtained selectivity parameters can be In the discussion that followed, it was noted that due to translated into whole fleet selectivity estimates; and c) recent continued effort and evolution in this field of consider ways in which estimates of selectivity parame­ research, it would be premature to disband the Study ters obtained in different experiments on the same Group at this time, that it should continue its efforts for nominal mesh size can be used to derive a unified esti­ at least the two more years suggested. It was pointed mate. The Study Group will report to the Fish Capture out that many species groups (e.g. flatfish) have not yet and Statistics Committees, and will make its report been studied. It was also noted that the present Chair­ available to the FTFB Working Group and the ACFM. man will be unable to continue in this role and that a It was pointed out that participation by statisticians and new Chairman must be selected. After some discussion, experts in fisheries technology and fish stock assessment in which it was pointed out that the insights of resource is required. assessment biologists would be of great value to the Study Group's efforts, Mr A. Frechet (Canada) was The recommendations as described above were sup­ offered, and graciously accepted, the Chairmanship. ported by the Committee.

It was recommended that a Study Group on Grid In other business, it was mentioned that there would be (Grate) Sorting Systems in Trawls, Beam Trawls, and a Theme Session at next year's Statutory Meeting on Seine Nets be established under the chairmanship of Mr tagging. The Committee was also advised that the Ma­ J.W. Valdemarsen (Norway) and will meet in Woods rine Mammals Committee has asked to have a Joint Hole, USA from 13-14 April 1996 to: a) review current Session with the Fish Capture Committee on the topic research on grid (grate) sorting systems for different of research into ways to reduce the by-catch of marine fisheries; b) identify opportunities for further applica­ mammals. While there was general consensus among tion of grid (grate) devices to improve selectivity in the Committee that much work has been done in this single- and mixed-species fisheries; c) assess the advan­ area, there might be some difficulty attracting sufficient tages and disadvantages of grids as selective devices in contributions by 1996 and that it might be useful to sug­ comparison with other techniques; and d) report their gest that such a Joint Session be scheduled for 1997, findings and recommendations to the FTFB, ACFM, and that it might be worthwhile to expand the terms of and ACME. In the discussion that followed, these reference to include the considerable body of related points were raised: It was suggested that the term of this work done in this area in connection with fish culture. Study Group be more than one year in view of the amount of material to be reviewed. A comment was The Chairman asked the Committee to consider the made that persons outside the present active member­ merits of announcing a special topic for the 1996 ses­ ship of the FTFB and Fish Capture Committee may sion of the Fish Capture Committee. One justification possess special expertise on this topic, and that it was was that papers addressing the special topic would be within the discretion of the Study Group Chairman to given priority and perhaps extended periods for presen­ identifyand invite such parties to participate. tation and discussion. The suggested special topic for 1996 was survey gear, which might draw contributions It was recommended that a Study Group on the Use of from participants in other Committees.

DOCUMENTS

B:1 Report of the Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality in Fish­ Ref. Assess eries B:2 Report of the Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour B:2 (annex) No Report of the Sub-Group on Selectivity Methods separate report B:3 Draft Report of the Study Group on Target Strength Method­ ology

138 B:4 Report of the Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology B:5 Poster N. Lowry et al. . Selectivity in Baltic cod trawls with square mesh cod-end win­ dows B:6 Poster N. Lowry The effect of twine size on bottom trawl cod-end selectivity B:7 Withdrawn B:8 P. Suuronen et al .. Skin injury and mortality of Baltic cod escaping from trawl codends equipped with exit windows B:9 E.J. Simmonds Survey design and effort allocation: a synthesis of choices and Ref. H decisions for an acoustic survey. North Sea herring is used as an example. B:10 Y. Verin Analysis of the IBTS trawl behaviours: possible enhanced RefG, H standardization of trawling conditions B:11 Not received Ref. G, K Poster B:12 I. Huse et al .. Diurnal variations in acoustic density measurements of winter - Ref. H ing Norwegian spring- spawning herring B:13 Not received Ref. G B:14 A. Engas et al .. The MultiSampler: a system for remotely opening and closing Ref. G, H, J multiple codends on a sampling trawl Poster B:15 S. L0kkeborg and A.Vold Vulnerability to predation of small cod (Gadus morhua) that Ref. G Soldal escape from a trawl B:16 0. RuneGod0 et al .. Catfish - King of the sea Ref. G

B:17 J. Boje and Hovgard Selectivity in gillnets in the Greenland halibut fishery at RefG Greenland B:18 R. Holst and T. Moth-Poulsen Numerical recipes and statistical methods for gillnet selectivity Ref. D B:19 V. Thorsteinsson Tagging experiments using conventional tags and electronic Ref. G data storage tags for the observations of migration, homing and habitat choice in the Icelandic spawning stock of cod B:20 G.Y. Conan et al.. Trials for attracting and catching early benthic stages of Ref. K Homarus americanus by electric fishing B:21 W. Moderhak On properties of codend meshes differently oriented with re­ spect to direction of motion B:22 Z. Ziembo Model tests of codends in turbulent velocity field (equations of drag and normal force) B:23 V.M. Vorobyov et al. Some selected problems of accuracy of sprat and herring bio­ Ref. J mass acoustic estimates in the Baltic Sea (based on echosurvey results in 1992-1994) B:24 F. Cardador and M. Azevedo A first attempt to compare fishing efficiency of three bottom trawl nets used in the Portuguese surveys

139 B:25 B. R. McCallum and S.J. Survey trawl standardization used in groundfish surveys Ref. G Poster Walsh B:26 S.J. Walsh and B.R. Survey trawl mensuration using acoustic trawl instrumentation McCallum B:27 Withdrawn B:28 R.D. Galbraith and P.A.M. Fishing effort: A gear technologist's perspective Stewart B:29 Not received B:30 Poster Not received

B:31 Poster J.H.B. Robertson and R.J. Haddock selectivity in codends of six different diamond mesh Kynoch sizes from90 to 120 mm B:32 Poster Not received B:33 Poster Not received B:34 Poster H. Ozbilgin and G. Holtrop Effect of the sub-sampling procedure on the accuracy of the estimates of selectivity parameters from selectivity experi­ ments B:35 Poster J.H.B. Robertson and N.W. Improvements in designs of cod-end covers Lowry B:36 S.J. de Groot On the penetration of the beam trawl into the sea bed B:37 Poster D.L. Erickson et al .. Effect of catch size and codend type on the escapement of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from pelagic trawls

REFERENCE PAPERS: H:7, H:8, H:9, N:23

140 HYDROGRAPHY COMMITTEE (C)

Chairman: Mr H. Loeng Rapporteur: Dr W.R. Turrell

The Committee met on Thursday 21 September from They requested that topics for future theme sessions 14.30 to 18.00 and on Tuesday 26 September from 09.00 should be suggested. As yet no Theme Session with par­ to 10.30. The Chairman opened the meeting by welcom­ ticular relevance to hydrographers has been forwarded. ing all participants. The Rapporteur was appointed and The Open Lecture to be presented at the 1996 Annual the agenda adopted. Science Conference will be by Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) on the subject "Physical and Biological Effects of the North Committee Business Atlantic Oscillation". The Committee supported the sug­ gestion that this lecture is followed up by a Theme Ses­ As part of his opening comments and information, the sion with the aims of discussing local, regional and global Chairman brought the Committee's attention to one of his oceanographic processes over various time and space appointed duties; to maintain contact throughout the year scales, understanding their influence on fisheries and en­ to Committee members by correspondence. He noted the vironment through the coupling of biological and physical very low reply rate during this year to his letters to mem­ processes at all levels in the food chain, and understand­ bers, and asked for proposals on methods of improving ing the influence of long term climate events. intersessional communication. The Chairman during the first day suggested that a small The Chairman went on to describe ACME activities of sub-group should meet to prepare a joint proposal for relevance to the Committee. A meeting between ACME possible Theme Sessions in 1996 and 1997. The group and the Director of the IOC Global Ocean Observing reported back to the Committee at the last session. They System (GOOS) Support Office resulted in several mu­ suggest that a Theme Session for 1996 should be entitled tually agreed conclusions. There was a sound case for the "Modelling and Process Studies of Physical-Biological adoption of ICES activities in to the GOOS framework, Interactions In The Environment and Fisheries". The particularly in the areas of Data Management, Living Convenors would be Dr A. Robinson (USA) and Mr E. Marine Resources, Health of the Oceans and Coastal Svendsen (Norway). Additionally a Theme Session enti­ Zone Management. ICES has clear representation on tled "The Role of Small Scale Physical and Biological major GOOS committees, including EuroGOOS, and a Processes in the Dynamics of Harmful Algal Blooms" has detailed Observer's report explaining ICES role is con­ been proposed for 1997, with Co-Convenors Dr P. Gen­ tained in Gen: 1. tien (France) and Mr P. Donaghay (USA).

ACME has requested that the WGSSO and the WGOH The Pelagic Fish Committee proposed that a Theme Ses­ examine the feasibility of, and potential contributions to, sion be held at the 1996 Annual Science Conference on an annual Environmental Status Report for the ICES area. the subject "The Shelf Edge Currents and its Effects on Previously, annual national reports of regional environ­ Fish Stocks (Results from the EC-SEFOS Project)". The mental conditions were collated and published in the An­ convenor would be Dr D. Reid (UK). The Committee nales Biologiques. The annual Status Report would re­ supported this proposal. place this function. The Status Report might contain de­ tails of ocean climate, primary and secondary production, The Chairman mentioned that the results of the Bureau and anthropogenic impacts (e.g. contamination, eutrophi­ Structure Working Group, established to examine the cation, harmful algal blooms, fish diseases, habitat future structure of ICES, may lead to the dissolution of change and environmental accidents). Each working the Hydrography Committee. Dr H. Dahlin briefly sum­ group should discuss which topics they would include in marised the work of the Working Group. The new struc­ the report. For example, the WGSSO might include ture within ICES might consist of ACME, ACFM, the modelling and nutrients. The annual production of a Consultative Committee and three science Committees. Status Report might constitute a great drain on resources Oceanographers would be involved in all three Commit­ in the working groups. Comments on the ACME request tees. The importance of working groups within a restruc­ will be required from both working groups by the end of tured ICES was emphasised. They provided the experi­ 1995. enced consultants who issue the relevant advice. It is rec­ ognised that some working groups suffer from lack of ACME has requested the WGSSO should consider the funds in individual member countries to support travel. question of nutrient trends and the N/P ratio in shelf seas. Hence ICES should examine ways of strengthening the This is now included in theTerms of Reference. work of the working groups. In order to examine the use­ fulness of working groups, a new Assessment form has The Chairman then went on to inform the Committee been prepared which will be completed by each working about the deliberations of the Consultative Committee. group member after each meeting.

141 The Committee went on to hear about progress towards a scribing quality assurance procedures for oceanographic Baltic Science Conference which is planned for 22-26 measurements, but data received by data centres are still October 1996. A first call for papers will be issued in of very variable quality. The two Working Groups will November 1995. A strict reviewing procedure will be consider the preparation of simple instructions for im­ undertaken emphasising the need for high quality presen­ proving quality in the ICES community. tations. It is hoped the Conference will herald the start of a new era in Baltic research, with improved quality and a Working Group on Shelf Seas Oceanography, Helsinki streamlined structure of organisations involved in Baltic 18-19 May1995 (Doc C:3) issues. It was noted that ICES was not presently a formal member of the Steering Group. The report was presented by the Chairman Dr H. Dahlin (Sweden). The Working Group has continued to have Working Group Reports joint sessions with the Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics. To increase the understanding of Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography, Obarr 26-28 blooms, joint work involving physical oceanographers October 1995 (Doc C: 1) and plankton biologists is required. A main objective of such a study would be the consideration of which spatial The report was presented by the Chairman, Dr E. Buch and temporal scales are of primary importance. Presently (Denmark). most physical sampling and modelling occur with too coarse resolution to describe the fine scale structures and The Working Group reviewed progress of research and processes which are active in determining bloom dynam­ monitoring of radioactive contamination in the Nordic ics. Consideration of this topic will be continued by the Seas, which is of serious concern because of the possible WGSSO, with participation of a small group of plankton impact on the various fish stocks in the area. It was noted biologists. that the Working Group had not considered the NATO modelling of the possible release of radioactive material At earlier meetings the WGSSO has reviewed monitoring from the submarine Komsomolets. programmes and discussed monitoring strategies. These discussions have identified a need to study fluxes of Results from Standard Sections and Stations were pre­ physical and chemical constituents instead of concentra­ sented, and are included in the Working Group report. tions. In order to compile flux estimates the Working This year attention was drawn to: Group has made an inventory of numerical models used to produce flux values, has studied validation procedures - reduced inflow of Atlantic Water to the Nordic seas, for models and assessed major projects developing nu­ both in the Denmark Strait and around the Faroe Is­ merical models of along-shore and cross-shelf transports. lands. Even though there is a large number of numerical models available, there may be a limited number of model codes - uncertainty on the salinity of Norwegian Sea Deep employed, generally based upon public domain ocean Water. A Study Group, chaired by Mr S. Osterhus, models. The Working Group considered that the present will work intersessionally on this subject and report to validation procedures for models are insufficient and pro­ the Working Group. posed an ICES co-ordinated effort to develop a pro­ gramme with the aim of developing suitable data sets for - results from Standard Sections and Stations are of model calibration. great interest to many research groups. The Working Group therefore decided to publish the results in a Quality Assurance matters were discussed. The Working better way than at present. A sub-group chaired by Dr Group supported the idea of having a small group within R.R. Dickson was set up to design a proper format the Hydrography Committee to consider this subject in for publication. more detail prior to the next WGSSO meeting in 1996.

A discussion of on-going national and international proj­ The GOOS project was discussed. It is regarded as the ects, such as WOCE, Mare Cognitum, GOOS, EU "flagship" of the IOC and has been co-sponsored by MAST projects and GLOBEC, led the Working Group to WMO and UNEP. The member countries of ICES also recommend that ICES Standard Sections and Stations have direct links with IOC and GOOS. As GOOS, and maintained by the Working Group be included as a pilot the European implementation of GOOS (EuroGOOS), is co-operative ICES contribution to GOOS with data being coinciding with several present ICES activities, the handled by the ICES Oceanography Data Centre. Working Group recommends that ICES should take an active part in planning and implementing GOOS and The Working Group discussed quality assurance proce­ EuroGOOS. ICES can provide significant input to GOOS dures and will continue this discussion in close co­ in areas such as data management, methods, inter­ operation with the Working Group on Marine Data Man­ calibration and the assessment of living resources. ICES agement at the 1996 Meeting. Many manuals exist de- could also be developed to a regional GOOS component.

142 The Working Group proposed Mr E. Svendsen (Norway) An inter-comparison of quality assurance methods for as the new Chairman, and this was supported by the station data is under way, but not yet completed. Those Committee. taking part have converted the data set to their in-house formats, and carried out some quality control. This is Working Group on Marine Data Management. Dublin 1-3 being continued and should be completed by the next May1995 (Doc C:2) Working Group meeting. The IOC GE/TADE and CEC/MAST Data Committee have expressed interest in A report was presented by the Chairman Dr L. Rickards this work, and some may participate in the inter­ (UK). Information was supplied to Working Group mem­ comparison. bers regularly through the year to keep them in touch with the volume of data supplied to ICES. Data supply During the year the World Wide Web (WWW) developed . was satisfactory, mainly due to backlogs of historical data rapidly and overtook Gopher as the preferred way to dis­ being sent to ICES. However, submission of recent (post- seminate information over the Internet. ICES pages have 1990) data was somewhat disappointing. Monitoring of been set up (with links to institutes associated with ICES). data supply will continue. Several countries have made MDM Working Group members from France, Iceland, more progress in setting up their own databases during UK and USA have also set up Web pages. This will con­ the year, which should increase the data flow to ICES tinue to develop, and will be utilised to ICES advantage. over the coming years. Finally, MDM considered data distribution policies in use A review of the GODAR project was given. So far, four by Working Group members, concentrating on restric­ regional workshops have been held and an international tions on data supply to third parties and charging policies. workshop is planned for 1996. 1.2 million profiles have Data are usually available on request to the scientific been received since the inception of the project, and the community, although there may be a 2-3 year restriction. World Ocean Atlas has been released on CD-ROM. This Project data sets are often restricted for the duration of project has provided a useful focus for MDM members in the project. Charging policies were usually on a basis of organising and quality controlling historical data. recovering marginal costs ( or free for scientific use). For some users, data may be available under licence, specify­ Two questionnaires were distributed to MDM members ing what use may be made of the data. Data from the during the year, one to analyse procedures in place for ICES Oceanographic Data Bank are freely available to collecting, processing and archiving moored current me­ the scientific community. Scientists supplying the data are ter data and the other to consider CTD data processing contacted prior to releasing data less than 10 years old. with particular reference to the SCOR Working Group's However, most requests are for data products rather than 51 guidelines. Guidelines for exchange exist of current the data themselves. meter data, formulated by the MDM Working Group over 10 years ago, but these need to be updated and their It was proposed by the Working Group that Dr L. emphasis changed. The Working Group's 51 recommen­ Rickards continues as Chairman for another period, and dations are widely consulted, but the recommended prac­ this was supported by the Committee. tices are not always followed. Improvements seemed nec­ essary, especially due to developments in sensor technol­ Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics. ogy. Helsinki 17-19 May1995 (Doc L:4)

Discussions were continued on ship-borne ADCP data. A report was presented by the outgoing and incoming Several laboratories have now developed quality control Chairmen, Dr B. Reguera (Spain) and M P. Gentien procedures and databases for these data. The University (France). This Working Group has a multidisciplinary of Hawaii (CODAS) database and software is available approach, and has had several joint sessions with over Internet. This software is in use by one group repre­ WGSSO, and is planning a further modelling workshop sented on MDM. A WOCE Data Assembly Centre for for 1996. Progress is continuing in many areas of algal ADCP data is likely to be set up and jointly run by JODC bloom population dynamics, including the measurement and the University of Hawaii. of in-situ growth rates and grazing studies. However, it would appear that to make real progress in this field, par­ Discussions on all of these 3 topics indicated that there ticularly in linking physical processes to the dynamics of was a need for some sort of 'minimum requirements' for bloom development, a new initiative is required, such as various data types, which are easily available and well a joint program with possible EU support. Three aspects advertised. These should be fairly short, and cover as­ in particular have been identified for consideration by pects of data collection, calibration, processing, quality WGSSO: control and archiving. They would not replace existing manuals, but would provide succinct information together - the interaction between vertically migrating organisms with pointers to more detailed manuals. It is hoped that and density stratification by collaborating with other Hydrography Committee Working Groups these can be developed.

143 - the influence of turbulence at small spatial scales on ordination Officer, funded by Norway and USA will be population growth rates appointed later this year and be based at ICES. It was stressed that the international community welcome this - grazing on phytoplanktonin a turbulent environment progress, and would welcome support from the Commit­ tee. This was agreed. A Theme Session on some of these topics might be ad­ vantageous. The group has for some time discussed the Scientific Contributions requirement for a pilot project. One such study is now under way in the Gulf of Maine, where the transport of Scientific contributions were presented demonstrating Alexandrium blooms in a coastal current is being exam­ environmental change across a range of temporal and ined. The Working Group will meet next in Brest 17-20 spatial scales. An unusual warming and freshening of April 1996. It is feltthat there is a real need for physicists surface waters observed along the coast of Angola during to attend this meeting to ensure a multi-disciplinary ap­ 1995 suggested that the Benguela "Nino" has occurred proach to the problems. this year (Doc. C:12). Historical data series have been employed to examine seasonal cycles west of Greenland. SKAGEX Study Group(Doc, C:4) The northerly progression of a salinity minimum in these waters was suggested to be the result of the transport A brief report was presented by the Chairman Mr L. north of melt water from the east of Greenland (Doc. Feyn (Norway) on progress in this project. Apart from C:7). The progression of productivity at several trophic the preparation of a progress report, and the production levels along the northern Labrador shelf has also been, in of an atlas summarising some results, little activity has the past, attributed to advection. More recent measure­ occurred. An ICES Cooperative Research Report will be ments suggest that this mechanism may be incorrect, and completed before the next Annual Science meeting, as production related to upwelling associated with an off­ approved under resolution C.Res.1993/1:3. The Commit­ shore bank (Doc. C:14). Finally time-series from the tee agreed that after completion of the report the Study Baltic area were used to examine temporal trends in the Group be dissolved. past, and to examine the degree to which natural variabil­ ity and anthropogenic effects could be separated (Doc. Working Group on Cod andlimat C e Change, Copenha­ C:9). gen April 1995 Recent modelling results from the North Sea were pre­ The ICES Cod and Climate Change activities in 1995 is sented (Docs. C:11, C:8, C:6). These included consid­ divided between the WGCCC and two Cod and Climate eration of the flushing times of ICES boxes, integrated Change Workshops; the Backward-Facing Workshop parameters within the boxes and their relation to stratifi­ (Bedford, March 1995) and the Database Workshop cation, and the simulation of low-level hydrocarbon con­ (Woods Hole, November 1995). tamination from distributed regional sources. It is clear that careful analyses of modelling results is required in The Terms of Reference for the WGCCC for 1995 was order to interpret them in terms of flushing characteristics partly scientific issues and partly organisational issues on and pollution dispersion. Some preliminary results from the Atlantic Cod and Climate Change Program. The sci­ the Shelf Edge Fisheries Oceanography Study (SEFOS) entific issues in particular focused upon the importance of project were described (Docs. C:5, C: 10), including a having better specifications of biological and physical CTD processing comparison study and a description of processes at the larval and juvenile stages as inputs to the SEFOS standard hydrographic sections. numerical models of growth and dispersion/advection of larvae and juveniles. Recommendations

The other scientific issue, which is linked to the assess­ The Terms of Reference for the next meetings of the ment work of adult cod, was on how environmental fac­ WGSSO, the WGOH and the WGMDM were approved tors, predation and prey, influence natural mortality, by the Committee. These include those proposed by the growth and catchability. Working Groups themselves, and those requested by ACME. It was noted that the WGSSO discusses quite As the number of national ICES-GLOBEC Programmes extensive multi-disciplinary subjects, including marine is increasing (presently five national programmes), there chemistry. It was agreed that the Working Group Chair­ is now a great need for co-ordination between the Pro­ man should ensure that these disciplines are correctly grammes. It was noted that the GLOBEC/CCC Co- represented in the Working Group.

144 DOCUMENTS

C:1 Report of the Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography C:2 Report of the Working Group on Marine Data Manage­ ment C:3 Report of the Working Group on Shelf Seas Oceanogra­ Ref. L phy C:4 Report of the Study Group on SKAGEX C:5 A. Jorge da Silva et al .. CTD observations along the European shelf edge compari­ son of data processing algorithms C:6 H-J Lenhart and T. Pohlmann The ICES-Boxes approach in relation to results of a North Sea circulation model C:7 K.F. Drinkwater et al. Seasonal variability of the waters offWest Greenland C:8 R. Luffand T. Pohlmann Calculation of the water exchange times in the ICES­ boxes using a half-life time approach C:9 Wolfgang Matthaus Natural variations and human impacts reflected in long­ Ref. E term changes in the Baltic deep water C:10 W.R. Turrell et al. A quasi-synoptic survey of the European Continental Shelf edge during the SEFOS project C:11 P.A. Gillibrand et al. Observations and modelling of the results of low-level hydrocarbon discharges in the North Sea C:12 T. Gammelsrnd et al.. The benguela Nifio 1995 observed in Angolan waters Ref. G, H C:13 Withdrawn C:14 K.F. Drinkwater and G.C. The effects of the Hudson Strait outflow on the biology of Ref. L Harding the Labrador Shelf

REFERENCE PAPERS: D:3, D:6, H:26, H:27, J:6, K:21 (poster), K:31, L:2, L:11, L:16, L:25, L:26, L:28, M:20

145 STATISTICS COMMITTEE (D)

Chairman: Dr R.M. Cook Rapporteurs: Dr G. Stefansson, Dr R.S. Bailey (Fishery Secretary) and Dr J.C. Rice

The Statistics Committee held sessions on 21 and 25 sible, describe in their reports how revised catch esti­ September. The Committee Chairman, Dr R.M. Cook, mates were obtained. opened the meeting and nominated rapporteurs for the three sessions. The agenda was adopted. Committee The report of the Planning Group for a Symposium on business was then presented; in particular it was pointed "The role of physical and biological processes in the out that there is a need to think carefully about how data dynamics of marine populations" was presented (CM will be "looked after" in the new committee structure to 1995/D:3). Acceptable co-convenors have been selected be discussed in Theme Session U. but the timing of the meeting is still to be decided. It is suggested that it be held immediately preceding the An­ A proposal that ICES sponsor a symposium on nual Science Conference in the USA in 1997. "Confronting uncertainty in the evaluation and imple­ mentation of management strategies for fisheries" was Joint Session with EUROSTAT discussed. There was general support for the idea but there was a need to ensure that fishery managers would The session was opened by the Chairman who first wel­ contribute. There was also a need to consider an appro­ comed the delegates from the EUROSTAT Working priate venue carefully. Group on Fishery Statistics. The Fishery Secretary was appointed as rapporteur for the session. The Committee discussed the analysis of studies on the selectivity of fishing gear. There was support for a Progress Report for1994/1995 study group on the use of selectivity data in stock as­ sessments which would report also to the Fish Capture The Progress Report for 1994/1995 (CM 1995/D:4) Committee. was presented by the Fishery Secretary, who drew at­ tention to the improvement in the timeliness of reporting An overview of the Report of the Working Group on of the STATLANT 27A data by a number of countries. Statistical Aspects of Environmental Monitoring was given by Dr J. Pawlak (Environment Secretary). This The question was raised whether ICES should collect Working Group has developed models for the analysis data on the High Seas separately from those within Ex­ of various time series. Also the Working Group has clusive Economic Zones, since the need for separate considered the design of monitoring programmes and statistics is not primarily a scientific matter. The Statis­ recently the Working Group has looked at spatial statis­ tics Committee Liaison Working Group had recom­ tical techniques. It was noted in discussion that there is mended that this should be done only if required by the a need for a formal peer review of this report and other North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission. The view Working Group reports. The chairman of ACME indi­ was expressed, nevertheless, that it may be important cated that for this particular report, it is appropriate for for ICES to collect the data separately, although it a peer review to be conducted under the auspices of the would be necessary to prepare a map defining the limits Statistics Committee. However, it is also clear that the of the High Seas zone which may not be a trivial matter Working Group needs to receive input from ACME and in some parts of the ICES area. the conclusion reached should (after peer review) be brought into practice under the auspices of ACME. It The need to continue the collection of the FISHST AT was decided that the Working Group should report to AQ data on aquaculture production was questioned since both ACME and the Statistics Committee and that a there had been no demonstrable demand within ICES. peer review would take place by a statistician mutually agreed between the Working Group chairman and the In spite of the difficulties involved in the collection of chairman of the Statistics Committee. fisheries data, the need for reliable data was generally recognised both in relation to scientific assessments and A proposal was made that assessment working groups in relation to the requirements of national administra­ should provide a written report to the Secretariat docu­ tions. menting the reasons why catch figures used in assess­ ments differed from official landings data, when these The reason for the discontinuation of the STA TLANT differences were substantial. The Committee felt that it 27B questionnaire was queried and it was pointed out would be appropriate for the Chairman of ACFM to that the returns had been very incomplete and that de­ remind working groups that they should, wherever pos- tailed data were being supplied to ICES for assessment purposes at a less official level.

146 Publication and dissemination of FisheryStatisti cs this would only be possible when the Conference was held in an EU country. The proposal to resume publication of ICES Fishery Statistics without inclusion of data from Spain and with Although little interest was shown in having regular incompletely allocated data from France was approved joint meetings, it was recognised that ICES needs to by the Committee. consult those who are responsible for collecting fisher­ ies data in advance of meetings of the Coordinating In response to a question from the Fishery Secretary Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP). It was about the likelihood of receiving catch data from Spain therefore suggested that it would be appropriate to have for the years 1989 and onwards, a Spanish participant a meeting at ICES Headquarters late in 1996 and that, indicated that there was a slight possibility of providing as a trial, this might be a joint meeting with the estimates of catch and that an answer would be provided EUROSTAT Working Group. It was agreed that the in the near future. Methods for estimating the catches of agenda should include coodination of the ICES position vessels that are not recorded in log-books are required at the 1997 CWP meeting and consideration of a new but these are difficult to obtain without accurate data list of species codings to be prepared by the Fishery from the most recent period which are not available. Secretary.

The Advance Release of part of ICES Fishery Statistics Reliabilityof fisheries data and the effects of misreport­ for 1994 was not yet ready, and the Committee noted ing that the Statistics Committee Liaison Working Group had recommended that it should no longer be prepared The Chairman explained the reasons why the data used in paper form. However, in the final session of the by ICES do not in all cases correspond with the offi­ Committee it was agreed that recent improvements in cially reported statistics: namely, deliberate underre­ the timeliness of reporting justified continuing publica­ porting or misreporting by species or area; the inclusion tion of the Advance Release. of unreported discards; the inclusion of by-catch which is included within reports of the target species in some Following up a proposal in the Statistics Committee mixed fisheries; the differences between catch reporting Liaison Working Group report that STATLANT 27A and stock assessment areas. All except the first of these data for the period before 1973 should be incorporated are essentially scientific problems and not the respon­ in the Secretariat database, it was suggested that outside sibility of the national statistical offices. Examples were funding should be sought with assistance from also given of the effect of misreporting on the assess­ EUROSTAT. ments of North-east Arctic cod and West of Scotland haddock which showed that calculation of TA Cs can be Statistics CommitteeLi aison Working Group prone to serious errors.

The Report of the Statistics Committee Liaison Working The Chairman of ACFM was able to confirm that the Group (CM 1995/D:1) was presented by the Chairman problem of unreported or misreported landings is a gen­ who noted the poor attendance at the working group eral one and gave the Baltic cod as an example where meeting and questioned the viability of the working ACFM had not been able to give advice on catch levels group in its present form. The poor attendance was at­ because of the uncertainties in the catch data. In this tributed partly to inadequate information about the connection the question was raised whether ACFM meeting in the national reporting offices, and partly to should give advice when there is uncertainty in landings lack of funds. The problem appeared to be that infor­ but it was pointed out that ACFM has a responsibility to mation about the meetings went to the members of the give advice so long as that advice is believable. Thus, it Statistics Committee and not direct to the national re­ may not always be possible to give catch advice but porting offices, although the EUROSTAT office had often survey data can be used to determine the state of a drawn attention to the meeting. The other problem was stock and the level of exploitation. conflicting obligations with the result that the national offices have to give priority to their statutory responsi­ In discussion, the difference between "landings" and bilities to EUROSTAT. "catch" was noted and it was stated that landings have to be used in most assessments because data on catch Whether future meetings were likely to be better at­ including discards are not available. In general it was tended depended largely on funding and on the rele­ thought that the scientists have a fair idea of whether the vance of agenda items. It was suggested in this connec­ reported landings are good estimates of the actual land­ tion that attendance might improve if there was a con­ ings and that estimates of unreported or misreported nection between the EUROSTAT Working Group and catches are usually based on scientists' estimates rather the Statistics Committee Liaison Working Group. The than those of fishermen. The question of whether dis­ possibility of establishing a regular arrangement at the crepancies could also be due to non-application of con­ ICES Annual Science Conference was suggested but version factors was raised but it was pointed out that the

147 assessments are always based on live weight equivalents age reading by multiple readers onto a 2-dimensional 2 as with the officially reported landings. space and use the projections as a basis for chi tests of higher statistical power than alternative methods of Coordinating Working Party on Fishery t S atistics analysis of these data would have. � A paper by C-L Chen and multiple co-authors (Doc. It was noted that the CWP was broadening its remit to D:9) addressed "An efficient design for index-removal include areas outside the Atlantic and that, while this and change-in-ratio estimation of population size and has resource implications for the organisations involved, related parameters" - three alternative methods of the consensus had been in favour of a wider dialogue. analysis of data from short duration fisheries are ex­ plained and a new combination of these methods are Scientific Presentations presented. The Doc. also illustrates, using simulation results and a real snow crab survey, that for even mod­ The problems inherent in the management of a multi­ est amounts of aggregation and persistence, substantial species Sebastes fishery were introduced in Doc. D:17. reductions in variance can be achieved if the same sta­ In this fishery only sporadic samples are taken for spe­ tions are used forpre- and post-fishery surveys. cies composition and no age readings are available so this consitutes an example of a multispecies assessment A paper on "A simple model for the analysis of re­ with very limited data and slow population dynamics. search vessel data to determine stock trends" (Doc. D: 12), by R.M. Cook, used estimates of Z from survey Acoustic surveys include trawling and both the line data, and standard values for natural mortality, to cali­ transect and trawl data are potential sources of error. brate survey estimates to VPA estimates for the period Doc. B:9 showed how these two sources can contribute of overlap of the two series. The survey series extends to the total variability. For a given total survey cost, the back to the early 1920's, and the calibrated trends in paper showed how the resources could be allocated to biomass and fishing mortality for haddock were esti­ trawling or transect sampling. It was seen that there was mated over the 70 year time series. a fairly wide range of allocations across which the total CV was fairly constant. V. Christensen presented a paper on "A multispecies virtual population analysis incorporating information on Doc. D:6 postulated that the relationship between sea size and age" (Doc. D:8). The paper explains the surface temperature and mackerel egg density can be structure of the model and algorithms used. The presen­ investigated by considering the total abundance of eggs tation highlighted the motivation for the model per temperature class (as opposed to the mean) and by (especially important for countries lacking resources for considering the probability distribution of temperature intensive feeding studies) and the relationship of this per egg. model to other multispecies assessment tools.

Several methods for evaluating the effect of different Three interrelated papers were presented by T.I. Bul­ management under uncertainty have been developed. A gakova and diverse co-authors on "Some special algo­ framework for such analyses was presented in Doc. rithms for the Barents Sea fish stomach content database G:26, giving an implementation of XSA and simulation processing" (Doc. D: 13), "The relationship between the within a commercial spreadsheet. The paper also de­ initial meal weight and weight in stomach for various scribed a number of graphical output methods for de­ regimes of nutrition" (Doc. D: 15), and "The result of scribing such simulation results. It was noted that the multispecies analysis for the Barents Sea fish commu­ programs presented also give the possibility of conduct­ nity" (Doc. D: 14). The first two papers were of techni­ ing standard assessments. cal interest to individuals working in the specific fields. The Boreal application of the multispecies VPA was The Doc. "Result of interest of a survey to assess age explained in more detail, clarifying necessary changes reading activity within different laboratories" (Doc. from the previous MSVPA programs. Results of the D: 11), by H. de Pontual and H. Troadec was tabled by analysis were contrasted with single species VPA results title. for cod, herring, capelin and shrimp, illustrating good performance of the MSVPA. Population forecasts were A paper on "Detecting differences among several read­ also made for these species. This presentation prompted ers of fish ages" (Doc. D:10), by G.T. Evans and J.M. several comments from the audience supporting contin­ Hoenig explained how to apply geometric projections of ued attention to this work.

148 DOCUMENTS

D:1 Report of the Statistics Committee Liaison Working Group D:2 Report of the Working Group on Statistical Aspects of Envi­ Ref. Env + E ronmental Monitoring + Errata sheet D:3 A Symposium Planning Group on "The Role of Physical and Ref. A, C, L Biological Processes in the Dynamics of Marine Populations" D:4 ICES Fishery Secretary Progress Report 1994/1995 D:5 Not received D:6 N. Bez et al. On the relation between fish density and sea surface tempera­ Ref. C, H, L ture, application to mackerel egg density D:7 Not received D:8 V. Christensen A multispecies virtual population analysis incorporating infor­ mation of size and age D:9 C-L Chen et al. An efficient design for index-removal and change-in-ratio es­ Ref. K timation of population size and related parameters D:10 G.T. Evans and J.M. Hoenig Detecting differences among several readers of fish ages Ref. G, H, K, M D: 11 H. de Pontual and H. Troadec Results and interest of a survey to assess age reading activity Ref. G, H, J, M within different laboratories

D: 12 R.M. Cook A simple model for the analysis of research vessel data to de­ termine stock trends D:13 T.I. Bulgakova et al. Some special algorithms for the Barents Sea fish stomach Ref. G, H, K content database processing D:14 T.I. Bulgakova et al. The results of multispecies analysis for the Barents Sea fish Ref. G, H, K community (cod, capelin, shrimp and herring) D:15 T.I. Bulgakova and D.A. The relationship between the initial meal weight and weight in Ref. G, H, J, M Vasilyev stomach forvarious regimes of nutrition D:16 Not received D:17 J. Rogers et al. Multispecies Assessment Methodology (For the Sebastes Complex Caught off the Coasts of Oregon and Washington, USA) D:18 Withdrawn

REFERENCE PAPERS: B:7, B:18, G:6, G:26, G:32, H:9, K:16, M:20, M:24

149 MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COMMITTEE (E)

Chairman: Mr S. Carlberg Rapporteur: Dr T. Lang

The Committee met on Friday 22 September from on Benthos Ecology proposed by the Biological Ocean­ 09.00 to 13.00 and Monday 25 September from 09.00 ography Committee to be held in Crete, April 1998. to 11.00. The meeting was opened by the Chairman, Issues covered could be the assessment of time series, who welcomed all participants and expressed the hope physical disturbance and the role of contaminants. that they will appreciate the session and participate ac­ MEQC is invited to take part in this symposium. tively in the discussion. The Chairman informed the participants of the dates of the 1996 ICES Annual Sci­ Election of Chairman ence Conference (Reykjavik, Iceland, 27 September - 4 October 1996) as well as of the scheduled plan to elect a Dr P. Matthiessen (UK) was elected Chairman of new chairman of MEQC. He also reported on an initia­ MEQC for the next period. tive in ACME that ICES should produce an annual re­ port on the health of the sea in the ICES area. This re­ Reports of Working Groups and Joint Meetings of port should be based on national contributions and con­ Working Groups (Docs. E:4, E:5, Env:2, Env:3, tributions from ICES Working Groups. Furthermore, he Env:4, Env:5, Env:7, Env:8, Env:9) asked the participants to provide ideas for future Theme Sessions and Joint Committee Sessions. In the Report of the Working Group on the Baltic Ma­ rine Environment (Doc. E:4) issues relevant to the Administrative Matters/Committee Business Working Group covered by other ICES Working Groups were identified: harmful algal bloom dynamics, The participants in the meeting accepted the appoint­ introduction and transfer of marine organisms, phyto­ ment of Dr T. Lang as rapporteur for the two sessions plankton ecology. of the MEQC, held on Friday 22 September from 9.00 - 13.00 hrs (30 participants) and on Monday 25 Sep­ In Doc. E:5 (Report of the Working Group on Effects tember from 9.00 - 11.00 hrs (27 participants). Four­ of Extraction of Marine Sediments on the Marine Eco­ teen Working Group reports, including two reports of system) results of two studies on benthic recovery sub­ joint Working Group meetings, three Steering Group sequent to dredging activities carried out in the Humber reports and two Workshop reports were presented and estuary (UK) and off the French coast are highlighted. discussed. In addition, eight research papers were pre­ In the discussion it was pointed out that Working Group sented and two were read by title. reports cannot be quoted without prior consultation with the General Secretary although there is great interest in One Theme Session was held: the scientific and non-scientific community to use these reports. It was recommended, therefore, that significant - Theme Session R "Mariculture: Understanding En­ deliberations of this Working Group be published in the vironmental Interactions" in co-operation with the ICES Cooperative Research Report series or in the open Mariculture, Shellfish and Hydrography Commit­ literature in order to avoid these problems. tees. The main issues reflected in Doc. Env:2 (Report of the The following proposals were made for future Theme or Joint Meeting of the Working Group on Marine Sedi­ Joint Sessions: ments in Relation to Pollution and the Working Group on Biological Effects of Contaminants) and Doc. Env:3 - Assessment of data derived from the application of (Report of the Working Group on Biological Effects of different biological effects monitoring techniques, Contaminants) comprise the development of an inte­ relevance of measured biological responses for the grated marine environmental monitoring strategy includ­ environment; ing the application of both biological effects techniques and chemical measurements. A suite of biological ef­ - A follow-up session on Arctic processes; fects techniques was proposed, the usefulness of which for the OSPARCOM Joint Assessment and Monitoring Session on normalisation procedures for assessing Programme (JAMP) will be evaluated at the Joint contaminant data. OSPARCOM/ICES Workshop on Biological Effects Monitoring, Aberdeen, 2-6 October 1995. Another The Environment Secretary informed MEQC that for topic is the usefulness and applicability of Ecotoxi­ the next Annual Science Conference a session on con­ cological Assessment Criteria for evaluation of chemical taminant effects on reproductive processes is planned. data. Furthermore, the reports contain information on The MEQC Chairman reported on an ICES Symposium criteria for assessing new monitoring techniques and the

150 development of guidelines for routine monitoring tech­ report of this Working Group was presented within niques including the monitoring of sediment community MEQC. health. Reports of Steering Groups (Docs. E:1, E:2, E:3) The main issues of Doc. Env:4 (Report of the Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution) All three documents (Doc. E:1: Report of the were the assessment of current normalisation proce­ ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance dures for metals and organic contaminants in sediments, of Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea; Doc. the influence of diagenetic processes on the assessment E:2: Report of the ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on of contamination in marine sediments, and a review of Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements in the methods used to measure organic carbon in sediments. Baltic Sea; Doc. E:3: Report of the Steering Group for the Co-ordination of the Baseline Study of Contaminants Docs. Env:5 (Report of the Working Group on Envi­ in Baltic Sea Sediments) reflect the progress being made ronmental Assessment and Monitoring Strategies) and in co-operation on Baltic Sea research, particularly Env:7 (Report of the Joint Meeting of the Working with respect to intercalibration, standardisation and as­ Group on Environmental Assessment and Monitoring sessment of methodologies. There is general consensus Strategies and the Working Group on Statistical Aspects that the various levels of Quality Assurance are not only of Environmental Monitoring) provide guidelines for the important for chemical but also for biological measure­ design of monitoring programmes. The first report ments. contains information about suitable monitoring organ­ isms, biological background data (e.g., table giving the Based on the results of the Baseline Study of Contami­ spawning times of fish species used for monitoring nants in Baltic Sea Sediments, the respective Steering contaminants), the role of ICES in environmental Group will produce a chapter "Review of Contaminants monitoring (also published as ICES CM 1995/Gen: 7), in Baltic Sediments" to be included in the HELCOM and environmental issues of concern for the next dec­ Third Periodic Assessment of the State of the Baltic ade. The latter report focuses mainly on the incorpora­ Marine Environment. tion of statistical methods into temporal and spatial trend monitoring programmes for sediments and biota The MEQC Chairman informed the Committee that the which has been neglected to a large extent in the past. ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements in the Baltic Sea will hold a In Doc. Env:8 (Report of the Marine Chemistry Work­ meeting in 1996 (originally the Steering Group should ing Group) the work of three sub-groups is highlighted: work by correspondence) in order to elaborate both a the Trace Metal Sub-Group, the Organics Sub-Group, generic document on establishment of Quality Assur­ and the Chemical Oceanography Sub-Group. Issues ance systems, as well as detailed documents on Quality covered are results and conclusions from interlaboratory Assurance guidelines for chemical analysis. studies (including a comparison of QUASIMEME and NOAA laboratories), relationship between contaminants Reports of Workshops (Docs. E:15, Env:10) and lipid contents, the assessment of lipid determination and extraction methods, investigations on CB-patterns in A written version of Doc. E: 15 (Report of the marine mammals and fish, plans for the Sixth Inter­ ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance and comparison Exercise for Nutrients in Sea Water (NUTS Intercomparison of Pelagic Biological Measurements in 6), and progress in the determination of dissolved or­ the Baltic Sea) was not available at the meeting since ganic carbon. A major outcome of interlaboratory stud­ the Workshop had been held immediately prior to the ies on organic contaminants was that the interlaboratory ICES Annual Science Conference (16 - 20 September variations were so large that for monitoring purposes it 1995). However, an oral report was given detailing would be best to use only data from one or a few labo­ some of the issues covered regarding the revision of the ratories. The Chairman informed MEQC that the results guidelines for phytoplankton/chlorophyll-a measure­ of the Marine Chemistry Working Group research proj­ ments (phytoplankton checklist, phytoplankton sampling ect "The development of PCB patterns in different spe­ and biomass estimation methods, proposals for changes cies of fish-eating mammals in relation to food and bio­ in the data reporting formats). Considerable concern transformation capacity" will be published. was expressed about the planned closure of the Rubin Code Centre in Stockholm and the group concluded that The main issues of Doc. Env:9 (Report of the Working HELCOM should be urged to take steps to ensure that Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organ­ the Rubin Code system is continued and continuously isms) are related to planned introductions of marine updated. species and accidental introductions via ballast water. In this context, the new version of the ICES Code of Doc. Env:10 (Report of the ICES/HELCOM Workshop Practice for the Introductions and Transfers of Marine on Temporal Trend Assessment of Data on Contami­ Organisms was presented. The MEQC Chairman in­ nants in Biota) contains information on the quality con­ formed the participants that it was the first time that the trol evaluation of HELCOM contaminant data to be

151 incorporated in the HELCOM Third Periodic Assess­ Doc. E:12 describes statistical methods for designing ment and the conduct of temporal trend analyses of data monitoring programmes for detecting trends in con­ sets accepted. The results of the analysis were recom­ taminants in fish and shellfish, in particular how to as­ mended to be published in the ICES Co-operative Re­ sess the power of the temporal trend monitoring pro­ search Report series (C.Res.1995.1:2). The Workshop grammes needed to achieve quantified objectives. further estimated the power of the HELCOM Baltic Monitoring Programme (BMP) component on temporal In Doc. E:13 results of a study are given on environ­ trends in contaminants in biota and prepared advice on mental effects of blue mussel dredging in the Danish statistical requirements with regard to the number of Limfjord due to the release of sediment plumes and the specimens needed in annual samples of fish. It was transport of particles, nutrients, and oxygen-consuming concluded that the number could be reduced without substances from the sediment to the water phase. The loss of power. However, ACME recommended, when authors of the paper concluded from their data that mus­ reviewing the Workshop report, not to change the pres­ sel dredging seems to have little effect on the overall ent sampling strategy. environmental conditions in the Limfjord. However, the release of reduced substances during periods of oxygen Scientific Contributions (Docs. E:6, E:7, E:9, E:10, deficiency at the bottom might create some problems. E:11, E:12, E:13, E:14, E:16, E:17) Furthermore, adverse changes in the natural flora and fauna composition might occur. Doc. E:6 provides an overview of the results of a study on the distribution of PAHs in coastal and offshore Bal­ Doc. E:14 discusses methods for normalisation of or­ tic Sea sediments. Elevated concentrations occurred in ganochlorine concentrations by comparing results de­ internal coastal waters (W arnow estuary and Oder rived from chemical measurements of contaminants in Haff), indicating a significant contribution of river dis­ cod (Gadus morhua) based on the total lipid and the charges to the contamination of sediments. In vertical neutral lipid fractions. The results show that much bet­ profiles, maximum PAH concentrations were detected ter correlations between the neutral lipid pool sizes and in the surficial layer (1-8 cm depth) and at a depth of the contaminant concentrations existed as compared to 22-24 cm, reflecting changes in the anthropogenic re­ the correlation between total lipid pool size and con­ lease of PAHs during the past decades. taminant concentration, thus indicating that neutral lipid normalisation should be used instead of total lipid nor­ Two scientific papers reported on EROD activity in malisation. It was clearly stated that it is important for North Sea dab (Limanda limanda) (Doc. E:7) and in chemical determinations of organic contaminants to in­ Baltic flounder (Platichthys flesus) (Doc. E:17). In Doc clude analysis of the different lipid classes present since E:7, a model was presented for the prediction of basal they have a significant impact on the assessment of EROD activity levels in male and female dab which is contaminant data. Moreover, results were presented based on studies of seasonal and regional variations (not included in the paper) on the impact of contami­ carried out in the years 1990 - 1994. Seasonal as well as nants (PCBs and p,p' -DDE/DDD) in tissues of adult regional variations were considered to be mainly influ­ cod on the hatching success of their offspring. The re­ enced by the spawning cycle, which is thought to be sults indicate that with increasing concentration of con­ determined by water temperature conditions. The taminants, a decreasing hatching success occurred. authors of Doc. E:7 stated that these factors have to be However, the data were considered too limited to de­ taken into account when designing monitoring pro­ duce any firm conclusions. grammes on biological effects of contaminants and as­ sessing the results thereof. In Doc. E:17 information is Doc. E:16 reports on heavy metals in adults and fry of given on seasonal variations and spatial trends in the the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) in Polish coastal waters. EROD activity in flounder liver as well as on differ­ During the study, increased prevalences of adult fe­ ences between right- and left-sided specimens. Although males with dead fry in the body cavity were recorded in the results were considered inconclusive, it appears that an area considered polluted in the Gdansk Bay and off the highest enzyme induction occurred in the non­ the Oder estuary. Large differences were found for polluted area as compared to the Gdansk Bay which is metal burdens of dead and living fry. For zinc, the considered a contaminated area. In the discussion it was mean concentration in dead fry was seven times higher pointed out that in the Gdansk Bay, anthropogenic fac­ than in muscle tissue of adult fish. tors (such as toxic metals) with an inhibitory impact on EROD activity may have an effect. Docs. E:10 and E:11 were read by title.

Doc. E:9 presents information on selected chlorinated Recommendations microcontaminants in Baltic Sea waters in the period 1992-1994 indicating different regional and seasonal The recommendations of MEQC as adopted by the Con­ variations in the concentrations of the contaminants sultative Committee and by the Council are given in the studied. relevant Section of the Council Resolutions (C.Res. 1995/2:25-2:27).

152 Any Other Business perimental basin, and how to integrate Baltic research in global programmes. Moreover, the conference will The participants were informed of plans for "The Baltic provide a platform for discussions of the future organ­ Marine Science Conference" scheduled for 22-26 Octo­ isational structure of international communication and ber 1996. Organisers of the Conference are the Baltic co-operation in Baltic marine science and its linkage to Marine Biologists (BMB), the Baltic Marine Geologists European and global organisations. The conference will (BMG) and The Conferences of Baltic Oceanographers consist of plenary sessions on generic, interdisciplinary (CBO). The conference will be supported by HELCOM themes, disciplinary sessions, poster sessions and organ­ and ICES. The main objective of the conference is to isational meetings for discussion of the future structure review the present state of Baltic marine research under of co-operative Baltic research. Contributions to the three main aspects: scientific questions of regional im­ sessions will be published in a well-known journal after portance, how to make use of the Baltic Sea as an ex- stringent peer review.

DOCUMENTS

E:1 Report of the Steering Group on Quality Assurance of Bio­ Ref. L logical Measurements in the Baltic Sea E:2 Report of the ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality As­ surance of Chemical Measurements in the Baltic Sea E:3 Report of the Steering Group for the Co-ordination of the Baseline Study of Contaminants in Baltic Sea Sediments E:4 Report of the Working Group on the Baltic Marine Environ­ ment E:5 Report of the Working Group on the Effects of Extraction of Marine Sediments on the Marine Ecosystem E:6 G. Witt Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Baltic Sea and the German coastal waters E:7 U. Lange et al. Towards application of BROD-activity in dab (Limanda li­ manda) in biological effect monitoring of the North Sea: A model for the prediction of the basal BROD-activity levels E:8 Poster S. Garthe How much discards and offal do seabirds consume in the North Sea? E:9 D. Dannenberger Selected chlorinated microcontaminants in Baltic waters, 1992 to 1994 E:10 Not received

E:11 Not received E:12 M.D. Nicholson et al. Designing monitoring programmes for detecting trends in contaminants in fish and shellfish E:13 S.M. Dyekjrer et al. Mussel dredging and effects on the marine environment Ref. K E:14 M. St. John et al. Comparison of chlorobiphenyl congener and pesticide concen­ Ref. G, J trations in cod tissues in relation to their lipid class composi­ tion E:15 Oral pres- ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance and Inter­ entation comparison of Pelagic Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea E:16 B. Draganik et al. Heavy metals in adults and fry of the Baltic viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous (L))

153 E:17 W. Krawczak-Krogulecka et al. Seasonal vanatlon of the EROD activity measured in the flounder collected from the shallow waters off Poland E:18 Report of the Editor of the Techniques in Marine Environ­ mental Sciences for 1995

REFERENCE PAPERS: C:9, D:2, F:7, G:25, J:6, J:21, L:2, L:4, L:29

154 MARICULTURE COMMITTEE (F)

Chairman: Dr R.H. Cook Rapporteur: Dr J.G. St0ttrup

The Committee met on Saturday 23 September from cussion on the future aims and objectives of the 11.30 to 13.00 and on Monday 25 September from Mariculture Committee. It was pointed out that this 09. 00 to 13. 00. The Chairman opened the meeting with document was developed prior to the release of the pa­ the appointment of Dr J.G. St0ttrup (Denmark) assisted per on the general reorganisation of ICES (i.e. Doc by Dr B.R. Howell (UK), and adoption of the Agenda. Del:13). Its purpose was to identify shortfalls and re­ commend improvements within the current Mariculture Committee Business Committee framework. In the discussion document, a description of the Committee's structure is provided The first session was a business meeting followed by a together with a status on activities. Further, problems Theme Session entitled: "Mariculture: Understanding with the current structure are listed together with a rec­ Environmental Interactions". A special topic session on ommended plan of action. Amendments were proposed Advances in Marine Fish Culture was also held. Five to the current activities of the Mariculture Committee in Working Group reports, one Sub-Group report and order to meet more fully its changing role (see Annex three Workshop reports were presented and discussed at 1). the meeting. Information on the on-going work and progress within the Working Group on the Introductions The Chairman noted that 10 national activity reports and Transfers of Marine Organisms was also presented from Committee members had been received and he at the meeting. Further, six papers were presented and thanked the contributors for their very informative con­ three posters were contributed in addition to the papers tributions to the Committee's Activity Report (Doc. presented to the theme session. F:16). Given the usefulness of this information, he urged contributions from the remaining nine country The Chairman advised the members of the competition members in future years. The report provides produc­ for the best paper presentation and best poster awards tion data as well as highlighting research underway in and asked for nominations which should be handed over the different ICES countries. to him during the course of the meeting. Working Group Reports Several topics were proposed for Theme Sessions or Special Topics at future meetings: Dr A.H. McVicar (UK) reported on the activities of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine - The Committee proposed a Special Topic session on Organisms (WGPDMO) (Doc F:3) which met in La "Hygiene in Mariculture" for the 1996 Annual Sci­ Tremblade, France, from 3-7 April 1995. WGPDMO ence Conference. This is regarded as a proactive continues to monitor the occurrence of fish and shellfish initiative towards improvements of husbandry meas­ diseases and to follow trends or changes in patterns in ures in mariculture, which may, in the long term, known diseases and to identify and follow patterns in diminish negative environmental effects and is thus a new diseases. One major concern is the declining effort topic worthy of discussion. in many ICES countries on the research and monitoring of fish (wild and reared) and shellfish diseases. This is - The Committee discussed a proposal from the considered detrimental to the development of environ­ ANACAT Committee for a joint Theme Session on mental monitoring in general. Practical and legal prob­ the subject "The effects of salmon lice on fish lems are encountered due to the current practices of stocks" which was seen as an important on-going identifying and naming fish viruses. Further, increasing topic of relevance which could be planned for the problems were encountered from lack of standard meth­ 1996 Annual Science Conference. ods and standardised antibiotic sensitivity measure­ ments, which are a general problem, but which render - A proposal for a future Theme Session on "New the establishment of a common database particularly Feeds for the Mariculture Committee" was dis­ difficult. Sea lice continue to be a major problem facing cussed. This could create a forum for the discussion salmon farming in Scotland, Norway and eastern Can­ of the status and strategy for the future development ada and, in molluscs, the expansion of the disease of aquaculture and an appropriate topic for a Theme ranges of Bonamia and Marteilia cause significant Session for the 1997 Annual Science Conference. mortalities. The M74-syndrome in the Baltic remains a problem, but may be related to vitamin deficiency in The Chairman also made reference to a short discussion conjunction with a highly monospecific diet of fish spe­ document which had been developed by members of the cies containing high thiaminase activity, and resulting in Mariculture Committee to provide the basis for a dis- thiamin deficiency in the predator. lchthyophonus con-

155 tinues to decrease in prevalence in the North Sea and would be of benefit. Reference was also made to the the Kattegat. With regard to the provision of a rapid and activities now underway by the EIFAC Water Manage­ informed response to disease issues it is recommended ment and Aquaculture Working Group and the need for that these should be channelled through the WGPDMO maintaining a close linkage with the ICES WGEIM. Chairman to specialist Working Group members. In response to a request from ACME to investigate disease Prof. J.T. Carlton (USA) informed the Committee of monitoring as a tool for monitoring environmental the ongoing progress of the Working Group on Intro­ health, a BMB/ICES sponsored meeting on "Diseases ductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms and Parasites of Flounder in the Baltic Sea" was held at (WGITMO). The ICES Code of Practice on the Intro­ the Abo University, Finland on October 27-29 1995 ductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms ( 1994) (Doc F: 11). This was the first comprehensive study of which supersedes previous versions is now available. diseases in the Baltic using standard methodology over a This includes a discussion of GMOs. Future work in­ relatively short time period. This sub-group concluded volves co-operation with the EU on regulations govern­ that the flounder was the most suitable species for ship­ ing the movement of commercial fish and shellfish sampling programmes in the Baltic because of its wide­ which may have implications for the inadvertent intro­ spread distribution, and displayed several diseases duction of non-indigenous organisms. Further, codes of which have a responsiveness to environmental factors. practice for the introduction of organisms for the pur­ Reference was made to Doc F: 1 which is the Editor's pose of marine biological control are being evaluated. Report on the Identification Leaflets for Diseases and The topic of ballast water, a subject of importance to Parasites. These must be updated regularly and are in­ mariculture, will be developed further with the IOC and valuable to people working with mariculture for identi­ the IMO. A Working Group on the "Transfer of Phy­ fication of disease and as a reference of known diseases. toplankton by Ballast of Ships" is being proposed and The need for publicity of these documents was stressed. will be developed further by the WGITMO. At present six Fiches are about to be published and 27 new Fiches have been identified. Dr B.R. Howell (UK) presented the report of the meeting of the Working Group on the Mass Rearing of Prof. J. Mork presented the activities of the Working Juvenile Marine Fish (Doc F:4) held in Conwy, UK Group on the Application of Genetics in Fisheries and from 22-24 June 1995. The report on the HUFA inter­ Mariculture (Doc F:2) which was held in Copenhagen, calibration exercise was completed and approved for Denmark from 30 January to 2 February, 1995. Despite publication as an ICES Cooperative Research Report. a membership of 29 only 7 members participated in the The commercial production of marine fish in ICES meeting reflecting timing and current funding difficul­ countries is currently increasing at an annual rate of 20- ties. The issue of selective fisheries was discussed but 25 % for established species and exceeded 10 000 t in further progress requires consultation with specialists 1994. Other species, notably the halibut, are likely to within the field of fishery statistics and management. significantly contribute to this total in the next year or Concern was expressed at the increasing use of GMOs so. The availability and quality of larval feeds continue and the need for the introduction of scientific measure­ to be a major concern while male domination in some ments prior to introduction to examine effects on the reared species is a recently identified problem. The natural population was emphasised. Many culture pro­ need for targeted studies of the environmental require­ duction units for various species have been initiated in ments of larval fish was also stressed. It was reported many countries without due regard to the genetic con­ that reference weaning diets and enrichment diets are siderations of brood stock management. Further, ge­ now available. Their use is recommended to increase netic terminology should be revised and/or updated. It the comparability of data between investigators. Al­ was suggested that this should be done with reference to though tests for the assessment of juvenile quality can existing glossaries within ICES, EIFAC and the EU. not currently be standardised, an inter-laboratory exer­ cise involving halibut, sea bream and turbot demon­ Prof. H. Rosenthal (Germany) reported on the activities strated that blastomere characteristics could prove to be of the Working Group on Environmental Interactions of a useful indicator of egg quality. Mariculture (WGEIM). No Working Group meeting was held during 1995 but the conclusions from the two Theme Session Workshops (C.Res.1994/2:27 and 2:28) organised in 1995 by the Working Group on Coastal Zone and A Theme Session entitled: "Mariculture: Understanding Modelling were presented. The Recommendations of Environmental Interactions" was co-convened by the WGEIM were discussed. The need for continued Mariculture Committee, Marine Environmental Quality emphasis on the modelling of coastal resources and for Committee, Shellfish Committee and Hydrography GIS systems was identified. Also, the need to improve Committee. This was presided by the Chairman of the the linkages and communications between those operat­ Mariculture Committee, Dr R.H. Cook (Canada), and ing within the coastal zone was specified. Education the Theme Session report was prepared by Prof. H. leaflets produced by ICES on Coastal Zone topics Ackefors (Sweden).

156 Committee Special Topic Session Discussion on Coastal Zone Management

A Special Topic Session entitled: "Advances in Marine The Committee engaged on a discussion on Coastal Fish Culture" was convened by the Chairman of the Zone Management and future activities within this area. Mariculture Committee and was introduced with a pres­ In view of the growth of the human population aquacul­ entation relating to the effects of larval diets on juvenile ture production has an increasing and important role to quality in sole (Doc. F: 13). Diet quality during the lar­ play in relation to world food supply. In the ICES area, val stages may have a prolonged, if not a permanent, however, mariculture plays a relatively minor role in effect on the physiology of the fish. Further, short du­ coastal zone management and socio-economic consid­ ration "stress tests" applied to small juveniles may erations in relation to aquaculture are severely ne­ provide a useful indicator of subsequent hardiness, but glected. A suggestion was put forward to seek "allies" standardisation may prove difficult. A paper on initia­ with whom one can identify areas of common interest tives taken in marine fish culture in Atlantic Canada and areas of dispute which then could be discussed. For (Doc. F:17) was also presented. It described a con­ example, a shellfish producer and an environmental certed effort to enhance mariculture in New Brunswick conservation group. Comparative studies should be en­ and Nova Scotia. Geographically separate laboratories couraged to compare the effects of aquaculture and ag­ working with different species were working in close riculture units on the environment in terms of pollution, co-operation with specialist groups working on general medicine and feed utilisation although there may be subjects such as nutrition, rearing technologies, brood­ problems in quantifying the more diffuse pollution stock management, etc. Specialists in management and sources from the agricultural industry. Emphasis has to economics were also associated. This was followed by a date been on the negative impacts on the environment general discussion on marine larviculture and ICES' such as escapees from fish farms, and these negative role. Among the roles of ICES which were identified in images may have been instrumental in preventing the the culture of marine fish were the establishment of development of this industry. A more positive message personal contacts, practical exchange of scientific in­ needs to be projected emphasising that aquaculture itself formation, opportunity to establish international projects requires a clean environment. On the socio-economic and perhaps instigate scientific exchanges. Within the side, mariculture sustains employment in remote areas. Working Group, there is a unique opportunity to iden­ Thus, there is a general lack of information as well as tify key areas and research priorities. Renewed co­ the need to co-operate closely with environmental operation with EIFAC for the re-evaluation of stan­ authorities. In conclusion, ICES may be instrumental in dardisation was suggested. The problems of funding identifying the questions which need to be addressed were considered in connection with scientific participa­ and to develop databases which would facilitate the de­ tion in the ICES Annual Scientific Conference com­ cision-making process. The emphasis should be placed pared to that in Symposia or Workshops. Limited on aspects of communication, education , with scientific funding and ample opportunity for Symposium partici­ focus being placed on specific issues especially on an pation and paper presentation on mariculture topics fa­ interdisciplinary level. voured participation in the latter. Adoption of Recommendations Three posters were contributed and dealt with improv­ ing larval live diets (Doc. F:10), otolith marking tech­ The Working Group recommendations discussed by niques for turbot eggs and larvae (Doc. F:8) and hor­ Working Group Chairmen at the first Committee Ses­ mone treatment of turbot broodstock (Doc. F:9). Fur­ sion were further discussed and adopted. A paper pre­ ther, a paper on cultivation techniques for the Azorean pared by an ad hoe group of the Mariculture Committee squid (Doc. F:14) was presented which identified key entitled "Discussion Paper on Future Plans for the problems for the rearing and transport of this novel Mariculture Committee" was also discussed by the species. A paper on the isolation and identification of Committee. It was considered to provide useful back­ viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus from North ground material on the current functions of the Commit­ Sea cod (Doc. F:15) showed that skin ulcers were a tee, areas for improvement, and the need for a distinct common occurrence and that the virus was associated focus within ICES formariculture. with these lesions. More work is required to determine the source, means of transmission and virulence. In the Closing subsequent discussion, the seriousness of the problems with identification of serologically identical viruses was The Chairman thanked Committee members for their emphasised especially in relation to legislature and contributions and the rapporteur for her assistance. transport regulations. Paper (Doc. F: 12) was not sub­ mitted.

157 DOCUMENTS

F:1 ICES Identification Leaflets for Diseases and Parasites of Fish and Shellfish. Editors Report 1994/1995. F:2 Report of the Working Group on the Application of Genetics in Fisheries and Mariculture F:3 Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms F:3 (annex to Report of the Sub-Group on Fish Disease Data Submission F:3) No sepa­ rate report F:4 Report of the Working Group on Mass Rearing of Juvenile Marine Fish F:5 Report of the ICES Workshop on "Principles and Practical Measures for the Interaction of Mariculture and Fisheries in Coastal Area Planning and Management F:6 Report of the Workshop on Modelling Environmental Interac­ tions in Mariculture F:7 Not received

F:8 Poster J. Iglesias and G. Rodrigues­ Utilization of alizarin complexone for immersion marking of Ojea otoliths of turbot (Scophtalmus ma.ximus L.) embryos and lar­ vae: dosage and persistence F:9 Poster J.B. Peleteiro and J.M.R. Al­ Reproductive efficiency of turbot (Scophtalmus ma.ximus L.) varino females treated with LHRHa F:10 Poster J .H. Robin and R. Wilson Utilisation precoce d' Artemia enrichis par les larves de turbot (Scophthamus ma.ximus) F:11 T. Lang et al. BMB/ICES-Sea-Going Workshop "Fish diseases and parasites in the Baltic Sea" - A preliminary report F:12 Not received F:13 B.R. Howell et al The effect of diet quality on the low-temperature tolerance of juvenile sole, Solea solea (L) F:14 J .M Goncalves et al The Azorean adult squid, Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Ref. K Loliginidae) in captivity: transport, handling, maintenance, tagging and survival F:15 D.A. Smail Isolation and identification of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus from North Sea cod (Gadhus morhua L.) F:16 Activities Report 1995 F:17 R.H. Cook and W. Watson­ Marine Fish Culture Initiatives in Atlantic Canada Wright F:18 Withdrawn

REFERENCE PAPERS: G:36 (poster), H:8, H:25, K:30, K:41, M:24

158 DEMERSAL FISH COMMITTEE (G)

Chairman: Mr E. Aro Rapporteur: Mr F.A. van Beek

The Demersal Fish Committee held four Sessions on The Chairman explained why Committee papers had not 21, 22, 23 and 25 September 1995. been distributed among Committee Members in advance of the meeting this year, and asked for opinions. A few The Chairman opened the meeting and Mr F.A. van members regretted than they had not been able to see Beek was appointed Rapporteur. The Agenda was the papers before the meeting and felt that it could adopted with a minor modification: the presentation of handicap them in commenting in the discussions. It was Doc. G:24 was moved to the session on 22 September. also noted that in the past the distribution of papers In addition to those mentioned in the green pages, four before the meeting had not resulted in lively discussions papers were withdrawn (Docs. G:8, G: 13, G:21 and on many occasions. Although distribution in advance of G:36). Doc. G:30 was missing. The Chairman brought the meeting was considered to be potentially beneficial, the awards for the best paper and best poster it would probably not matter for pragmatic reasons. presentations and the young scientist's award to the One Committee member envisaged that papers may be attention of the members and asked for suggestions, distributed by electronic mail in the future. which were preferably to be handed over to him together with some explanatory notes. Proposals for Special Topics 1996, Theme Sessions 1996 and 1997, Symposia and Workshops A number of Symposia and the Dialogue Meeting were brought to the attention of the Committee Members. The existing suggestions were presented by the These were: Chairman. The Committee discussed suggestions for Theme Sessions, Special Topics and Symposia for - the Tenth ICES Dialogue Meeting dealing with future meetings. Fisheries and Environment in the Bay of Biscay: Can the Living Resources Be Better Utilized? A proposal for a Theme Session for 1996 with the title (October 1995, Vigo, Spain) "Improving the Link Between Science and Management III: Management Faced with Multiple Objectives" was - a Symposium on Social, Economic and Management supported by the Committee. Aspects of Recreational Fisheries. (June 1996, Dublin, Ireland) Election of Chairman

- a Symposium on Deep-Water Fishes (freshwater and The Committee elected Mr F.A. van Beek as its new marine). (June 1996, Aberdeen, UK). Chairman. The Chairman of the Consultative Committee thanked the outgoing Chairman Mr E. Aro - a Symposium on the Role of Forage Fishes in for his excellent chairmanship over the past three years. Marine Ecosystems (November 1996, Anchorage, He praised his flexible attitude and all the effort he had Alaska, USA) put into the intersessional activities. He expressed faith in the incoming Chairman and wished him good luck. - an ICES/NASCO Symposium on Interactions between Salmon Culture and Wild Stocks of Atlantic Reports of Study Groups and Workshops Salmon: The Scientific and Management Issues (April 1997, Bath, UK). A total of five reports was presented.

- a Symposium on Marine and Freshwater Fish Eggs Doc. G: 1. Report of the Study Group on Redfish and Larvae; lchthyoplankton Ecology (July 1997, Stocks. The report contained a feasibility study and the Galway, Ireland) design of an international acoustic survey on oceanic redfish in the Irminger Sea. In addition, it commented Matters referred by the Consultative Committee on surveys carried out in 1994-1995. It was considered that an additional trawl survey in the nursery areas is The Chairman brought the dates of the election of new required. Chairmen in five Subject/Area Committees to the attention of the members. He informed the members Doc. G:2. Report of the Saithe Study Group. The report about the present state of the discussion about changes reviewed and compared available data sets, assessment in the structure of the ICES system. methods, assessment results and research carried out in the five saithe management units in the north-east Atlantic. A number of recommendations were given to

159 improve data sets and to carry out additional research. contents and observed physical abnormalities was given In the discussion on the report a comment was made as well. that it was a pity that there was not more information in it forcomparison purposes. Doc. G:39 gave an overview of the spatial distribution and abundance by subarea of 0-group redfish in the Doc. G:3. Report of the Study Group on Elasmobranch Irminger Sea and at east Greenland for the period 1972- Fishes. The report reviewed in detail the available 1994. The data were compared with the Icelandic statistics on elasmobranchs in the north Atlantic. A Groundfish Survey and cpue in the fishery. description of the fisheries were given. The report also discussed the status of some stocks, biology and Doc. G:23 was read by title only. research methodology. A number of recommendations were given to improve data and research. The Study Doc. G:41 described the results of an experimental Group was complimented by the Committee for its study, investigating observed diurnal variations of echo report. intensity in acoustic surveys in relation to some biological observations on redfish in the Irminger Sea. Doc. G:4. Report of the ICES Workshop on Sandee! Otolith Analyses. The report described protocols for Resource Modelling and Environment handling and age determination of sandeel otoliths. Also age determinations were compared and discrepancies Doc. G:26 described a framework for the evaluation of were analysed. The Committee commented on the management under uncertainty. A flexible model of the method used for age comparison, which was not framework has been developed in a spread sheet and an considered to be entirely objective. However, it was example of its implementation has been given for North concluded that the validity of the results did not Sea plaice. undermine the present assessments of sandeel. Food and feeding Doc. G:5. Report of the Study Group on Beam Trawl Surveys in 1994. The report presented the results of the Doc. G: 17 analysed a study of the feeding habits of surveys carried out in Divisions IVb, c, VIId, VIie and John Dory, based on stomach content data sampled off Vlla,f and g. Population indices were given for the the Portuguese coast in the period 1990-1992. Cluster target species plaice and sole. Also patterns in species analyses and multidimensional scaling models were used richness and diversity were presented. The Study Group to investigate dietary shifts with the size of fish and recommended a continuation of its work. The report seasonal and annual variations in the food composition was accepted by the Committee without comment. and feeding intensity.

Scientific Contributions Doc. G:28 presented the results and analysis of 24 hour stomach sampling of cod and whiting in the North Sea. The contributions were classified and grouped according No distinct diel feeding cycles were observed in either to common topics and presented and discussed as a species suggesting that future sampling schemes need group. not necessarily be restricted to daytime sampling.

Posters Doc. G:29 investigated feeding interactions between a number of pelagic 0-group gadoid species in the Two posters were withdrawn and only one poster (Doc. northern North Sea by an analysis of stomach contents G:33) was presented to the Committee. It showed the collected during 24 hour sampling programmes. Diel distribution of commercial exploited invertebrates and feedings patterns are investigated using GLIM. A demersal fish in Angolan coastal waters based on survey Committee member noted that the abstract contained results. information not documented in the report.

Papers Doc. G:32 presents an analysis of stomach data collected during joint Norwegian-Russian surveys in the Redfish period 1984-1992 in the Barents Sea. The author was complimented by the Committee for the paper because Five papers dealt with redfish. it presented data, which are the basis for a MSVPA in the Arctic. It was also noted that the point estimates Doc. G:1 see Reports of Study Groups and Workshops. presented should be used to estimate change in ratios.

Doc. G:40 described the distribution of redfish in the Distribution. Abundance and Migration exclusive economic zone of Iceland from a survey carried out in March 1995, carried out under Docs. G:9 and G: 10 were read by title only. unfavourable conditions. Some information on stomach

160 Reproduction. Recruitment and 0-group Biology Doc. G:27 was read by title only.

Doc. G:7 dealt with the potential use of the by-catch of Stock, Status and Trawl Surveys 0-group cod and haddock in Icelandic shrimp surveys, in the period 1978-1994, as indices of year class Doc. G:24 presented a method for converting length strength. The indices were compared with various other distributions of cod in the IBTS in the Skagerrak into data sets using regression techniques. The Committee age classes, using commercial ALKs. The results are noted that a large part of the distribution area of the fish compared with ALKs obtained during the surveys. In was not covered by the surveys. Also the regressions discussion, it was noted that the method may be seem to be influenced by one or a few large year sensitive to changes in the design of the commercial classes. ALK sampling.

Doc. G: 15 dealt with a study on the contribution of Doc. G:42 was a report in a series of annual reports on individual age of size classes of Icelandic cod to the routine investigations of hydrography and the reproduction in two different areas. Several parameters distribution of 0-group fish in Icelandic and East including age, size, weights (body, gonad and liver), Greenland waters. The survey was completed only three sex and maturity were used to estimate time and weeks before the 1995 Annual Science Conference. duration of spawning among individual size groups as well as spatial variation in size, age, condition and Doc. G:31 presented a preliminary analysis of the 30th spawning time. Questions and remarks of the annual 0-group survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent Committee were related to the effect of temperature, waters. The major target species in this survey are feeding conditions and different size structure of the capelin, cod, haddock, polar cod, redfish, Greenland population in relation to the different depth in the two halibut, long rough dab and herring. areas. The contents of the paper were commended by the Committee. Doc. G:22 was read by title only.

Doc. G:25 described changes in the sex ratio in North Doc. G:34 dealt with the sampling design, alternative Sea dab, observed in the German North Sea fish disease post stratification, the precision of the trawl survey and monitoring programme (1981-1995). The analysis the coverage of the distribution of three species of reports increases and decreases in the proportion of sparids in Angolan waters. The Committee commented females which differ in various areas. The paper that the survey seems to cover only part of the suggests a potential impact of anthropogenic-endocrine distribution of the species and could be extended by co­ disrupting chemicals in the environment on sexual operation with neighbouring countries. Also the deeper differentiation, maturation and reproduction. Comments water on the continental slope could be covered, of the Committee were that, because males and females possibly using alternative gears such as long lines. have considerably different growth rates and different behaviour, they have a different selectivity to the gears Distribution. Abundance and Migration which exploit them, and that fishing in any case changes the sex ratio. Changes in the fishing pattern and/or Doc. G:19 presented information on the geographical intensity affect the sex ratio as well. The magnitude of distribution, abundance and biomass of rockfish in the effect of the fishery is probably much higher than Portuguese waters from trawl surveys carried out in the that of other sources. period 1990-1994. Rockfish is a by-catch in these surveys, which are directed at hake. Doc. G:35 described the egg production and egg mortality of a number of individual Norwegian coastal Doc. G:20 presented information on the geographical cod, within and between spawning seasons, under distribution, total abundance and abundance of juveniles experimental conditions. The overall level of mortality of hake in trawl surveys carried out in Portuguese observed in the experiments was considered to be coastal waters in the period 1990-1993. The main realistic for the natural stock. One Committee member factors affecting the abundance were analysed using commented that the "quality" of SSB as producer of GLIM. recruits may depend on the age/size structure of the stock. Doc. G:30 reported the results of an analysis of 26 years' data from Scottish tagging experiments on Doc. G:37 presented an analysis of the otolith micro­ haddock, using extensions of the Maximum Likelihood structure in otoliths of 0-group Baltic cod. Changes in Estimation procedures proposed by Hilborn. Data on the formation rate have been observed between settled fishing effort have been used in conjunction with release and pelagic larvae. The use of otolith micro-structure as and recapture data to estimate the probability of an identifier of time, size and environmental condition movement between ICES reporting areas. The paper at settlement was discussed. intends to explore the new methodology on a set of available data. Remarks and criticisms of the

161 Committee concerned the possible bias in the results Doc. G: 14 was read by title only. caused by the loss of returns of discarded tagged fish, inclusion of recaptures reported shortly after release and Recommendations inclusion of releases close to the borders of reporting areas. The conclusions of the paper with regard to the A number of recommendations were passed for eventual migratory behaviour of haddock may therefore be adoption by the Consultative Committee and Council. premature. The Chairman of ACFM requested that the Meeting of Doc. G: 11 reported on experiments to test if differences the Co-ordinators of the 1991 Stomach Sampling in migratory behaviour of Norwegian coastal cod and Database be held as early in the year as possible so that north-east Arctic cod are related to the environmental its report would be available at the May meeting of conditions experienced during the immature stage using ACFM. acoustic tags. Other Business Doc. G:16 was read by title only. The Chairman regretted that a significant number of Age Determination and Growth interesting papers were not presented in the sessions of the Committee. This does not give sufficient credit to Doc. G:6 described the results of a small study on the valuable work done by the authors. More attention various aspects on age determination of roundnose should be given in the national delegations to ensure the grenadier, in particular the validation of the rings on the presentation of their papers. otoliths. The Chairman inquired whether participants had given Doc. G:38 presents a study on biological parameters; consideration to nominations for the Young Scientist von Bertalanffy growth parameters, weight-length Award, the Best Paper Award and the Best Poster relation-ships, estimates of natural and fishing mortality Award. The Chairman proposed that paper G: 15, and length/age of maturation of megrim in Portuguese "Spatial and temporal variation in reproduction of waters based on sampling of the fisheries and survey Icelandic cod at Selvogsbanki and nearby coastal areas" data. The Committee noted the higher estimates of should be the Demersal Fish Committee candidate for fishing mortality on males compared to females. The the paper presentation award. opposite would be expected given the different growth characteristics of the two sexes. There being no further business, the Demersal Committee Session was closed on 25 September 1995 at Doc. G:12 described the development of a new gill-net 18.15 hrs. fishery for anglerfish in Norwegian waters. Information was given on biological parameters, length composition in the fisheries and cpue.

DOCUMENTS

G:1 Report of the Study Group on Redfish Stocks Ref. Assess G:2 Report of the Saithe Study Group Ref. Assess G:3 Report of the Study Group on Elasmobranch Fishes Ref. Assess G:4 Report of the ICES Workshop on Sandeel Otolith Analysis Ref. L Assess G:5 Report of the Study Group on Beam Trawl Surveys in 1994 Ref Assess G:6 J.D.M. Gordon et al. Age determination of juvenile roundnose grenadier, Ref. D, H Coryphaenoides rupestris, a deep-water macrourid fish: a preliminary report G:7 U. Skulad6ttir and G. S. The occurrence of 0-group cod and haddock as by-catch in the Bragason inshore shrimp surveys in Icelandic waters 1978-1994

162 Withdrawn G:8 G:9 M.J. Figueiredo et al. Distribution, abundance and size composition of blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) and small spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) on the slope of the Portuguese South and Southern West Coasts G:10 I. Figueiredo et al. Distribution, abundance and size composition of blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus) and Mediterranean Redfish (Hoplostethus mediterraneus) on the slope of the Portuguese South and Southern West Coasts G:11 O.R. Gode and A. Totland Migratory behaviour of reared Norwegian coastal cod and north-east Arctic cod G:12 A. Woll et al. The development of a new gillnet fishery for anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) in Norwegian waters; biological parameters, selectivity in size and sex ratios for gillnets with 300 and 360 mm mesh sizes G:13 Poster T. Jakobsen and K. Sunnana Withdrawn G:14 0. Moura et al. A first approach to the definition of deep-sea species Ref. H communities from the southern Portuguese coast G:15 G. Marteinsdottir and G. Spatial and temporal variation in reproduction of Icelandic cod Petursdottir at Selvogsbanki and nearby coastal areas G:16 M. Girever et al. Genetic variability at isozyme loci in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from Norwegian fjord and coastal waters G:17 A. Silva Feeding habits of John Dory, Zeus Jaber (Linnaeus, 1758) off the Portuguese continental coast (ICES Div. IXa) G:18 Withdrawn G:19 F. Cardador and G. Pestana Abundance and distribution pattern of rock fish (Helicolenus dactylopterus) in the Portuguese continental waters (ICES, Div. IXa) G:20 F. Cardador Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Portuguese waters (ICES, Div. IXa) based on groundfish surveys data G:21 Not received Ref. H, K, L G:22 N.A. lsaev and M.V. Kovtsova Status of cod (Gadus morhua morhua L.) stock in the coastal waters of the Kola Peninsula due to data of research in 1993- 1994 G:23 V. N. Shibanov et al. Peculiarities of formation of oceanic S. mentella spawning aggregations in the lnninger Sea G:24 H. Hovgaard Estimating IBTS (February) indices for cod in Skagerrak and Kattegat by use of modal separation techniques G:25 T. Lang et al. Changes in the sex ratio of North Sea dab (Limanda limanda) Ref. E in the period 1981-1995 G:26 L.T. Kell and T.K. Stokes FIFI - a framework for modelling management under Ref. D uncertainty

163 G:27 P .J. Bromley and L. T. Kell Vertical migration patterns and spatial distribution of pelagic Ref. L 0-group gadoids (cod, haddock, whiting, and Norway pout) in the North Sea

G:28 P.J. Bromley Feeding in cod (Gadus morhua L.) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus L) in the southern Bight of the North Sea in autumn G:29 P .J. Bromley et al. Feeding interactions and the development of food webs in Ref. H, L pelagic 0-group gadoids (cod, haddock, whiting, saithe and Norway pout) in the northern North Sea G:30 S.J. Hall et al. Movements of haddock: An analysis of tagging data G:31 Preliminary Report of the International 0-groups Fish Survey Ref. H in the Barents Sea and Adjacent waters in August/September 1994 G:32 T.I. Bulgakova et al. Seasonal and yearly dynamics of the Barents Sea cod rations Ref. D, H, K G:33 V. de Barros Neto. Stock assessment for demersal fish and shrimp in Angolan Ref. K Poster waters with the survey designer G:34 L.J. Constanc;a Evaluation of trawl surveys in Angolan waters G:35 P. Solemdal and O.S. Kjesbu Egg mortality in recruit - and repeat-spawning cod: An Ref. L experimental study G:36 Withdrawn

G:37 H. Mosegaard and M. St. John Otolith micro-structure pattern as an indicator of environmental and fish condition of Baltic cod at settling G:38 P. Santos Growth, mortality and maturation of Lepidorhombus boscii in Portuguese waters G:39 J. V. Magnusson and G. Distribution and abundance of 0-group redfish in the Irminger J6hannesson Sea and at East Greenland in 1970-1994 and its relation to Sebastes marinus abundance index from the Icelandic groundfish survey G:40 J. Magnusson and T. Sigurdsson On the distribution and biology of the Oceanic Redfish in March 1995 G:41 P. Reynisson et al. Diurnal variations of the echo intensity and some biological observations on redfish in the Irminger Sea (preliminary results) G:42 J. Magnusson and S. Report on the 0-Group fish survey in Iceland and East Sveinbj6rnsson Greenland waters, August 1995

REFERENCE PAPERS: B:10, B:11, B:13, B:14, B:15, B:16, B:17, B:19, B:25 (poster), B:27, C:12, D:10, D:11, D:13, D:14, D:15, E:14, F:18, H:26, H:27, H:28, L:11, L:14, L:16

164 PELAGIC FISH COMMITTEE (H)

Chairman: Dr R.L. Stephenson Rapporteur: Mr a.Hagstrom

The Committee held three sessions (21, 23 and 26 Sep­ cation between the Planning Group and the Herring tember). The sessions were well attended, with 30-50 Assessment Working Group. scientists participating at all times. In opening the first session, the Chairman gave some thoughts on develop­ The Committee discussed suggestions for possible ments of relevance to the Pelagic Fish Committee. He Theme Sessions, Joint Sessions, Special Topics and noted the increased demands of fisheries research in­ Symposia at future meetings: cluding the need for enhanced advice based on im­ proved methods, and better client service. At the same - Theme session on Shelf Edge currents and its effect time several countries are experiencing reduced budgets on fish stocks (Convenor Dr D. Reid) (proposed for and scientists are requested to do "more and better with 1996) less". ACFM's work in improving the form of advice was noted; the suggested new Working Group on Com­ - A symposium on Pelagic Fish, which has not been prehensive Fisheries Evaluation is regarded as an im­ held since 1978 portant step in broadening the advice function of ICES. There is on-going discussion of structural changes of - Changes in balance between demersal and pelagic ICES to meet the demands of present and new clients. fishspecies (proposal possibly for 1997). The Chairman suggested that members of this Commit­ tee continue to contribute to improve ICES performance - Dynamics of pelagic species, particularly herring and actively participate in the evolving processes within during stock recovery ICES. - Migration changes in pelagic species The agenda involved both Committee business (including a discussion of "Surveys: how useful - now The Committee discussed and endorsed a number of and in the future") and scientific contributions focussing recommendations which were passed for adoption by on distribution, biology, fish disease, ageing and vali­ the Consultative Committee and Council. dation of age-readings. Scientific Contributions and Reports Related to Dis­ Committee Business tribution, Biology and Behaviour.

The Committee continued the discussion of the previous Doc. H:27 described the distribution of blue whiting year regarding its future organisation, and its position in larvae and the abundance of main food items in relation the suggested new general structure of ICES. This to the Shelf Edge Current west of Ireland. Higher con­ year's Annual Science Conference followed the success centration of larvae over Porcupine Bank indicated the from last year. The increased emphasis on Theme and influence of a retention mechanism. Variation of selec­ Joint Sessions is good but members expressed the view tive feeding on copepod nauplii was demonstrated and that it is important that the topics balance the various the larvae appeared to be effective feeders at low food interests of the subject/area committees. abundance. The research will continue within the framework of the SEFOS programme. Committee members discussed the usefulness of surveys and the need to secure the on-going surveys which are Doc. H:7 presented the results of the Norwegian­ important for both advisory and research programmes. Russian acoustic surveys on the blue whiting spawning The views of the Committee are reflected in several stock. The aim of the surveys was to estimate the abun­ recommendations on surveys. Sampling effort on the dance and distribution of the stock at spawning time. North Sea and Division Vla herring larvae surveys has Results of the 1995 surveys indicate that the stock in­ been reduced over the years to a point where the sur­ creased from about 4 to 5 million t to above 6,9 mil­ veys can no longer be used to provide independent esti­ lion t (SSB 6.1 million t) largely due to increased re­ mates of stock size. The Committee agreed that evalua­ cruitment. The 1994 year class is estimated to be tion of these surveys should be given high priority. It strong. The survey also provides information on the was agreed that this task needs more expertise than is hydrography and abundance of eggs and larvae as a part currently available in the Herring Survey Planning of the SEFOS programme. Group and it was suggested that this should be referred to ACFM, to be able to have involvement by the appro­ Doc. H:11 reported further information on the genetic priate assessment working groups. Members of the population structure of the blue whiting stock. Differ­ Committee stressed the need to enhance the communi- ences in some allele frequencies have indicated a sepa-

165 rate population in the far north-eastern Atlantic. The vey effort which has been reduced to one quarter of that results indicated that this population boundary may be in previous years, and concluded that the larvae surveys north of the Lofoten area in Norway. in their current form are unlikely to provide good indi­ ces of stock size. This loss of surveys represents loss of Doc. H:19 presented data on the prevalence of Anisakis valuable information of stock abundance, in particular simplex larvae in horse mackerel off Portugal. The the means of following the development of the different prevalence was found to increase with fish length up to spawning components that will be limited if these sur­ 36 cm, and thereafter decrease. Possible causes for this veys are discontinued. decrease are discussed. Doc. H:28 presented the vertical distribution pattern of Doc. H:6 compared sex ratio and maturation patterns of dab larvae in the German Bight. Larvae show an age­ horse mackerel from the SE and NE Atlantic and Indian dependent movement pattern with the highest abundance Oceans. Parallel slopes of the maturity ogives in all below the thermocline evidently caused by the light in­ areas indicate a stable population with a high level of tensity. Tidal current appears not to influence the phenotypic similarity. Possible causative relationships movement pattern. between changes in length at age and changes in sur­ plus energy compartmentalisation among competing Doc. H:29 evaluated the use of larvae surveys based on traits of growth, maturation and migration were dis­ experience in the Western Atlantic. These surveys have cussed. The results indicated sex differences in mortal­ been valuable for assessment, understanding herring ity at higher ages. dynamics, as the basis for major hypotheses on stock discreteness, and larval retention mechanisms. Larvae Doc. H:30 addressed the reproductive cycle of Southern surveys were reported to be valid indicators of spawn­ Pacific jack mackerel off the coast off Chile. This spe­ ing stock size but less so as a tool for prediction of re­ cies was found to be an indeterminate batch spawner cruitment. The paper recommended a comprehensive with a prolonged spawning season of 7 to 9 months. review of the basis for assessment, index formulation and cost effectiveness of surveys. In the discussion Doc. H:31 related changes in filter feeding rates of At­ members suggested that this topic merits the establish­ lantic mackerel to light intensity in laboratory experi­ ment of a study group. ments. A threshold light level for feeding coincided with the light levels that determine schooling behaviour. Doc. H:15 reported on the 1994 international acoustic survey in the North Sea and adjacent areas. Doc. H:24 presented the results of a mackerel tagging experiment in northern Spain. Recaptures from north­ Doc. H:9 evaluated the effect of survey design on the west of Spain to Norway do not support the assumption estimates of overwintering herring in Norway. Geosta­ of a separate southern stock and this experiment thus tistical theory was applied to estimate associated vari­ has major implications for assessment and management. ance on the abundance. Generally low variance was More information from the SEFOS programme and obtained when the distribution was favourable. other information may be used to solve the stock iden­ tity of mackerel in southern areas. The Committee dis­ Doc. H:32 summarised research activities and historical cussed the results (some members raised the question of catches of pelagic species in Angolan waters. A period whether more than one mackerel stock exists in the of high exploitation was suggested to have reduced the northeast Atlantic) and recommended that the results stocks but restrictions of the fisheries have improved the should be reported to the Working Group on the As­ abundance. Recent large scale hydrographic changes sessment of Mackerel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine and "Benguela El Nifio 95 " are indicated by the surveys to Anchovy. have caused severe stock reduction in 1995.

Surveys Doc.H: 17 demonstrated a consistent distribution pattern of herring in the North Sea based on analysis of data Doc. H:2 reported the activities of the Herring Survey from the IBTS database. The results confirmed that Planning Group which, in accordance with the terms of juveniles and adults show limited overlap in distribu­ reference, worked by correspondence in 1995. The pre­ tion. sent survey effort in the larvae surveys in the North Sea does not allow complete area coverage. The larvae Poster H: 18, giving the distribution of horse mackerel, surveys west and north of the British Isles have been was noted by the Chairman. discontinued. The available effort for acoustic surveys is not expected to be reduced in the near future and cur­ Doc. H:3, the Report on the International Bottom Trawl rent levels of coverage seem to be secured. Survey in the North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat in 1995: Quarter 1, was read by title. Docs. H:21 and H:22 reported on the 1993/94 and 1994/95 larvae surveys. The reports gave details of sur-

166 Ichthyovhonus disease Doc. H: 12 reported on the results of comparative age reading on mackerel. Doc. H:8 demonstrated how acoustic information might be used to estimate differences in avoidance of herring Doc. H:23 compared age validation of horse mackerel infected with Ichthyophonus. The results supported the otoliths from the northeastern and southeastern Atlantic. idea that the disease will affect behaviour and avoid­ Analysis of daily increments revealed variable growth ance giving overestimation of prevalence in trawl types. A method based on marginal increment width catches and suggest further applications of this method. could be validated by analysis of daily growth zones. Double rings were found to be more common in otoliths Doc. H: 25 compared diagnostic methods for Jchthyo­ from southeastern areas. phonus on herring. The results suggest a 100 % mortal­ ity and gives an indication that current diagnostic meth­ Doc. H: 14 evaluated the utility of otolith micro­ ods may underestimate prevalence. chemistry for tracing menhaden environmental history. The study included a laboratory study of the impact of Age validation - ageing temperature, salinity and diet on otolith microchemical composition. Doc. H: 1: The Report of the Workshop on Mackerel Otolith Reading. The members of the Workshop were commended for a clear and comprehensive report.

DOCUMENTS

H:1 Report of the Workshop on Mackerel Otolith Reading H:2 Report of the Planning Group for Herring Surveys Ref. J H:3 Report of the International Bottom Trawl Survey in the North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat in 1995: Quarter 1 H:4 Withdrawn H:5 Withdrawn H:6 M. Kerstan Sex ratios and maturation patterns of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the NE- and SE-Atlantic and the Indian Ocean - a comparison H:7 T. Monstad et al. Investigations on blue whiting in the area west of the British Ref. B Isles, spring 1995 H:8 K. Kvalsvik and D.W. Skagen Trawl avoidance as a source of error in estimates of preva­ Ref. B, F lence of Ichthyphonus hoferi disease in Norwegian Spring spawning herring ( Clupea harengus L.) in the feeding area H:9 K.G. Foote and I. R0ttingen Acoustic assessment of Norwegian spring spawning herring in Ref. B, D the wintering area, December 1994 and January 1995 H:10 Withdrawn H:11 M. Gii.everand J. Mork Further studies on the genetic population structure of the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the north-east parts of the distribution range H:12 B. Villamor and M. Meixide Results of the Mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.) otolith ex­ change programme in 1994 H:13 Withdrawn H:14 E.J. Chesney et al. Laboratory studies of the microchemistry of otoliths from ju­ Ref. L, M venile menhaden, Brevoortia patronus H:15 E.J. Simmonds et al. 1994 ICES co-ordinated acoustic survey of ICES divisions IVa IVb and Via and Vllb

167 H:16 Withdrawn H:17 P. Lorance Herring distribution in the North Sea: changes with age within adult population H:18 Poster M.F. Borges and A. Silva Distribution and migration of horse mackerel H:19 A.G. Murta et al. Infestation of the Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L.) by Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) (Nematoda, As­ caridida) Larvae in Portuguese Waters (ICES Div. IXa) H:20 Withdrawn H:21 K.R. Patterson and D. Report of the herring larvae surveys in the North Sea in and Beveridge adjacent waters in 1994/1995 H:22 K.R. Patterson and D. Report of the herring larvae surveys in the North Sea and Beveridge adjacent waters in 1993/1994 H:23 M. Kerstan and M. Waldron Age validation in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) otoliths fromthe NE- and SE-Atlantic ocean H:24 A. U. Seminario Preliminary Results of a Tagging Survey of Mackerel in the Bay of Biscay in 1994 H:25 Ref. F T .A Karaseva et al. Diagnostics and peculiarities of lchthyophonosis develop­ ment in Norwegian spring-spawning herring in 1994-1995 H:26 Not received H:27 N. Hillgruber et al. Distribution of blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou larvae Ref C, G, L in the Porcubine Bank area, West of Ireland, in relation to hydrography and the feeding environment H:28 M. Kloppmann et al. Vertical distribution of dab larvae in the German Bight Ref. G, L H:29 R.L. Stephenson et al. Use of larval herring surveys in assessment and in under­ standing herring dynamics in the western Atlantic H:30 M.R. George Aspects of the reproductive cycle of southern Pacific jack mackerel, (Trachurus picturatus murphyi) (Nichols, 1920) offthe northern coast of Chile H:31 S.J. Sutherland et al. Effects of light intensity on the filter-feeding rates of mack­ erel (Scomber scombrus) H:32 N'Kosi Luyeye Distribution and abundance of small pelagic fish off Ango­ lian coast H:33 Not received

REFERENCE PAPERS: B:9, B:10, B:12, B:14, C:12, D:6, D:10, D:11, D:13, D:14, D:15, G:6, G:14, G:21, G:29, G:32, J:3, L:11, L:16, L:22, L:24, N:19

168 BALTIC FISH COMMITTEE (J)

Chairman: Mr B. Sjostrand Rapporteur: Dr F.-W. Koster

The Committee held two sessions on 22 and 25 Septem­ tools to illustrate age-reading criteria was encouraged by ber 1995. The Chairman opened the meeting and Mr F.- the Committee, as well as an estimation of the influence W. Koster was appointed as rapporteur. The agenda was of age misidentification on the assessment of Baltic cod adopted. Contrary to former practice, no scientific con­ stocks. With respect to the evaluation of the comparative tributions had been sent to the Committee members in age-reading experiments, the Chairman of the Committee advance. The Committee accepted this practice, but con­ drew attention to Doc. D: 10 dealing with the detection of cluded that Working and Study Group Reports should be differences among otolith age readers. distributed well before the Annual Science Conference as usual. The Chairman informed the Committee about sug­ The Chairman of the StudyGroup on Assessment-Related gested topics for the Opening Session and Theme Ses­ Research Activities Relevant to Baltic Fish Resources sions for the 1996 Annual Science Conference to be held (J:1) Mr H. Sparholt summarised the recommendations in Reykjavik. and conclusions drawn by the group in response to the request from the IBSFC. The requests were to describe Reports of Study Groups, Planning Groups and and review the research activities needed to carry out Workshops reliable assessments of the fishresources in the Baltic Sea and to initiate an international trawl survey by co­ The report of the Study Group on Baltic Cod Age­ ordination of existing national research surveys in the Reading (Doc. J:2) was presented by the Chairman Dr J. area. The Study Group proposed the establishment of a Netzel. The Study Group has worked by correspondence Baltic International Trawl Survey (BITS) database to be in order to plan a second workshop on Baltic Cod Age­ maintained by ICES. It was recommended that a BITS Reading to be held in Rostock in June 1996. The setting Working Group should be established which will be re­ up of a reference collection of otoliths, i.e. the number of sponsible for the database and related activities, the com­ otoliths per length class, sub-division and season, has pletion of the survey manual drafted by the Study Group been planned. An otolith exchange programme using a and the co-ordination of future surveys. The Study Group limited collection of otoliths from small and medium­ was unable to agree on a standard gear to be used on all sized cod confirmed that substantial differences exist in vessels participating in future surveys and the Fish Cap­ the interpretation of otolith structures by the different ture Committee has been consulted for advice. To reach a laboratories. precision of cod stock estimates comparable to that of similar trawl surveys in other areas, the number of hauls In connection with the age-reading problem in Baltic cod, in the central Baltic would need to be doubled. It was two workshops and an otolith exchange programme were further recommended to establish a Study Group to spec­ conducted by Swedish and German institutes between ify the research needed to improve the acoustic surveys in 1992 and 1994 (Doc. J:25). The objective was to reduce the Baltic. between-reader bias and variability in the age determina­ tions between and within different laboratories. The re­ The recommendations formulated by the Study Group sults indicated rather inconsistent ageing between readers. were discussed by the Committee. In view of the uncer­ Increased fish length and age had no effect on the vari­ tainties in the catch statistics of cod, i.e. non-reported ability in the age determination, but the origin of the oto­ landings as well as severe problems in the age determina­ lith, i.e. the sub-division, influenced the level of accu­ tion, the Committee agreed that proper co-ordination of racy. It was concluded that the results emphasise the need surveys and evaluation of their results (for cod on a for further workshops, exchange programmes and im­ length basis, if necessary) is an important task, which provement of methodology. It was recommended that a should be encouraged and receive the back-up needed. digitised Baltic cod otolith catalogue should be developed However, the rough bottom topography in the more and made available to all institutes around the Baltic as a shallow areas of the Baltic has to be taken into considera­ reference and tool for training. tion when a standard gear for the BITS is decided upon, otherwise only few areas will be trawlable. It is expected The Committee discussed the age-reading problems con­ that it might be difficult to find a suitable gear and, there­ cerning Baltic cod otoliths and the causes, e.g. the in fore, it was appreciated that the Fish Capture Committee general rather extended but variable spawning season had agreed to take up this matter in the Working Group within and between spawning grounds in the Baltic Sea. on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour. As a consequence of the discussions a Sub-group was set up, to meet during the present Annual Science Confer­ Mr F. -W. Koster presented a brief summary of the action ence to plan and co-ordinate the activities related to the identified by the Working Group on Multispecies As­ workshop in June 1996. The introduction of graphical sessment of Baltic Fish during its final meeting in June

169 1995 (the report is to be presented at the 1996 Annual Scientific presentations related to size andgro wth Science Conference). The Working Group has developed models to enable the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Work­ The length structure of Estonian herring catches in the ing Group to take multispecies effects into account in its Gulf of Finland in 1979-1994 investigated in Doc. J:3 assessments. Especially the development of the new 4M showed considerable spatial and temporal variability, Programme Package was a further important step to fulfil indicating a migration of larger herring out to the north­ this major task. However, still additional work is required ern Baltic Proper after spawning has ceased. However, mainly with respect to the completion of the datasets, as from the data presented the existence of a local stationary well as to testing and refinements of the model, e.g. in­ group can also be inferred. Changes in the food supply troduction of a tuning module. As it is unlikely that the and size selective feeding on smaller individuals by the tasks identified can be fulfilled by the Baltic Fisheries decreased cod stock have been identified as possible fac­ Assessment Working Group due to its already heavy tors responsible for a trend in mean length at age. How­ workload, the Working Group recommended that a Study ever, the theory about a size selective feeding pressure Group on Multispecies Model Implementation in the Bal­ being responsible for the observed shift in length at age tic should be established to cover these tasks. The Work­ was not confirmed. ing Group further recommended the subsequent estab­ lishment of a second Study Group on Medium- to Long­ Doc. J:4 on the growth and seasonal changes in energy term Multispecies Projection in the Baltic, which should content of young Baltic herring was read by title only. concentrate on multispecies stock projections, taking into account spatial disaggregation, stochastic simulation of In a laboratory experiment the influence of the dietary recruitment and stock-recruitment relationships including lipids eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) and docasa­ environmental parameters. This study group should also hexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n-3)) on growth of cod larvae explore the use of less data demanding approaches for was examined (Doc. J:19). Levels of these fatty acids multispecies modelling in the Baltic. were controlled by feeding two larval groups nauplii from the copepod Acartia tonsa reared on Thalassirosira During the following discussion the Committee agreed on weissflogii (TW) (low DHA/EPA ratio) or reared Rho­ the recommendations referring to the first study group domonasbaltica (Rho) (high DHA/EPA ratio). The algae and discussed a potential overlap between the terms of were chosen as representatives of a diatom-based (TW) reference of the second study group and those of the and a flagellate-based (Rho) foodweb, respectively. The Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group. The condition measures (RNA, DNA content) and growth Committee concluded that the first study group has to parameters (standard length, dry weight) could not distin­ finish some of its tasks before more advanced topics guish between the two groups at day 18 after hatch. An should be addressed to a second group. In the meantime analysis of lipid composition performed at day 16 showed the Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group that the TW group had double the lipid content of the Rho will start work and, depending on their progress in this group, suggesting a better condition of the former. A field, the need to establish a Study Group on Medium- to starved group had from day 10 onwards reduced Long-term Multispecies Projections in the Baltic should RNA/dry weight ratio compared to the fed groups. The be discussed during the 1996 Annual Science Conference. inability to distinguish between fed and starved larvae before day 10 was ascribed to yolk-sac utilisation after Two papers on hydroacoustic surveys carried out in Oc­ first-feeding, and both feeding regimes were suggested to tober 1994 in the central Baltic were announced. How­ be adequate foryoung cod larvae. ever, only Doc. J:18 was available and, as no author was participating in the Committee meeting, the paper was Scientificpr esentations related tocod recruitment read by title only. Doc. J:23 outlined the goals, objectives and work pro­ Election of a new Committee Chairman gramme of an internationally co-ordinated EU-project entitled: "Mechanisms influencing long-term trends in The Committee elected Mr E. Aro as its new Chairman. reproductive success and recruitment of Baltic cod: impli­ cations for fisheries management". An overview was Scientific Contributions given on the first period of field sampling in 1994/95, summarising preliminary results of which some were presented in more details in individual papers presented at the Annual Science Conference (Docs. E:14, G:37, J:7, Two posters were presented: the first on the Latvian gill­ J:13, J:15, J:19, J:24, J:26, J:27, L:28, P:13, Q:5, net cod fishery in 1993-1994 (Doc. J:8) and the second Q:22). on cannibalism of cod in the Gotland Basin in the period 1963-1990 (Doc. J:13). Abundance and horizontal as well as the vertical distribu­ tion of cod larvae in the Bornholm Basin were analysed

170 from ichthyoplankton surveys conducted between 1987 dependent distribution of eggs did not show a consistent and 1995 (Doc. J:24). With the exception of temporary pattern. Instantaneous daily mortality rates increased with peaks, low abundance values were observed. Based on increasing age, ranging from 0.14-0.53 per day in the the time series started in 1987, a shift of peak abundance depth where the centre of mass was located. The overall from spring to late summer was inferred. Horizontal dis­ mortality rates throughout the egg stage were determined tributions showed a slight drift of the larvae to the mar­ as 97.9, 91. 5 and 86.1 % for the three different sampling gins of the study area. The vertical distribution of larvae dates. was found to be bimodal. Partitioning of the larvae into size-groups placed the younger individuals below and the Doc. J :7 discussed the possibility of detecting pelagic 0- older ones above the halocline. This was interpreted as an group cod by acoustic equipment (38 kHz split beam upward migration from hatching depth, in order to opti­ system). During October 1994, relatively high numbers mize feeding conditions. of 0-group cod were detected on a transect between Ronne and Oder Bank. Using empirical target strength Based on a literature review, areas of future research on functions for larger cod and clupeoids to convert length to processes influencing cod recruitment in the central Baltic target strength distributions showed that a differentiation have been identified in Doc. J:26. Egg and larval abun­ between small herring and especially sprat was difficult. dances have been estimated for several decades in all However, as the target strength function in use assumes a major spawning areas. Using a subset of the available wavelength/swimbladder-size relationship which does not data it was shown that the timing of peak egg abundance hold for0-group cod, the calculated target strength values in the Bornholm Basin varies seasonally by at least 2 for 0-group cod are expected to be substantially overesti­ months. In addition, the historical mean egg abundance mated. Thus it appears to be necessary to conduct ex­ agreed to within 2-fold of that expected from an egg pro­ periments in order to establish an adequate target strength duction model and measured egg development and mor­ algorithm, preferably with a high frequency split beam tality rates. Trends in egg and larval abundance over time echosounder. In the following discussion, possible fre­ were not obvious due to differences in gear type, sam­ quencies were discussed and as a compromise between pling intensity and survey timing relative to spawning resolution and detection range a 120 kHz echosounder dates. Interannual differences in larval transport away seems to be appropriate. However, mixing of 0-group from spawning areas may also have contributed to vari­ cod and 0-group sprat will in any case cause problems in ability in abundance estimates. The results of broad-scale the differentiation. zooplankton surveys suggested that the abundance and types of potential prey in the Baltic Sea are similar to Doc. J :27 presented preliminary results of an investiga­ those in other regions and thus appear to be suitable for tion regarding the size at settling of Baltic 0-group cod by moderate to fast larval growth. However, no systematic means of stomach content analysis. Samples obtained in survey has described food concentrations at appropriate October 1994 showed that juveniles started to have a scales for cod larvae, nor the species composition of lar­ benthic orientation at a length of 40 mm. The transition val diets. Large gaps exist in our knowledge of processes period to the demersal stage ended at about 80 mm, i.e. affecting egg and larval growth and survival and in par­ all individuals larger than 80 mm fed on benthic prey. ticular the seasonality of spawning, deep water oxygen The food diversity and the size of prey was found to in­ concentrations, predation on eggs and production of larval crease progressively with the length of the juveniles. In food require further investigations. In the following dis­ the following discussion, the influence of seasonal differ- cussion it was pointed out that the eggs produced during ences in growth rates, time of hatching and size of set­ the final egg batches spawned may be of significantly tling was debated. lower quality resulting in considerably lower survival of the offspring as demonstrated in Norwegian experiments. Scientific presentationsr elated tostoc k structure The Committee was informed that similar results are available from preliminary Swedish experiments with Doc. J:22 dealt with the discrimination of herring stocks Baltic cod, showing a decrease in egg size and subsequent in Division Illa. Two learning samples of herring verte­ lower survival of larvae originating from the last batches bra counts from the North Sea (July 1994) and western spawned. Thus even favourable conditions at the end of Baltic (October 1994) were used to identify, independ­ the spawning season may not lead to an enhanced survival ently of each other, the GLM and a discrimination rule. of early life stages. Theverification showed that both models can be used to detect newly-sampled individuals of herring from a mixed Doc. J:15 described the vertical distribution of Baltic cod population of Division Illa as members of the Baltic or a eggs in the Bornholm Basin in August 1993 and 1994 as North Sea herring population. The verification showed as well as September 1994. Fitting simple linear regression well that the North Sea learning sample was "not clean", models to the egg diameter as the dependent variable and i.e. not uninfluenced by Baltic individuals, which leads to ambient sea water density revealed significant relations­ the consequence that the sampling in theNorth Sea has to ships. Due to a larger modal egg diameter, the centre of be repeated in 1995. In the following discussion it was the egg mass was found in 1994 in shallower water pointed out, that local stocks could bias the information depths, i.e. 59 m, than in 1993 66 m. The stage- content of the Baltic sample. Furthermore, a prospective

171 change in environmental conditions could change the division 28. Following a suggestion of the authors, it was characteristics used and thus the models have to be up­ suggested in the following discussion that the two herring dated accordingly. stocks should be split using otolith characteristics.

Doc. J:9 described changes in the size, age composition Scientific presentationsr elated to environmentalinfluence and sex ratios of the cod spawning stock in the Gotland Basin during the period 1972-1995 and in the Gdansk Doc. J:29 related water temperature and wind effects to Deep from 1990-1994. A shift towards older ages and a the abundance of 0-group plaice in the Kattegat as ob­ change in the sex ratio in the spawning stock have been tained by trawl surveys. The 0-group plaice abundance at observed during the latter decade with poor hydrographic two sites in the Kattegat has previously been shown to be conditions. The process of gonadal maturation and the higher in years when wind conditions during the larval timing of spawning had been observed to fluctuate be­ development period was moderate to strong. Thus it ap­ tween years, which was explained by varying growth peared that drift patterns from spawning to nursery sites rates in the cod stock. In the following discussion it was depend on wind conditions and that larval plaice may be suggested that the relationships between the changed hy­ food-limited when wind conditions are calm. This result drographic conditions, stock structure, spawning stock has been confirmed for the entire Danish coast. Observa­ distribution and composition in the Gotland Basin and tions on 0-group meristic variability (number of anal fin Gdansk Deep should be investigated. rays) in the Kattegat and the Belt Sea in relation to tem­ perature and salinity at the surface, in the discontinuity Doc. J: 14 dealt with the stock structure of sprat in the layer and near the bottom revealed that meristic variation central Baltic. On the basis of CPUE values no isolated depends on wind and hydrographic conditions. The pat­ spawning concentrations were detected, although highest tern found is consistent with a proposed wind-induced CPUE values were encountered in the Bornholm and advection of eggs and/or larvae fromnorthern to southern Gotland Basin as well as the Gdansk Deep. However, areas. After the presentation, the influence of ambient genetic and biochemical investigations revealed a high temperature on the number of finrays was discussed. heterogeneity in the population. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that separate different stock units In Doc. J :5 an analysis of the mean length at age of dab can be identified in the central Baltic for practical pur­ in Aarhus Bay has been updated by separating sexes, poses in stock assessment and fisheries management, al­ analysing historical otolith samples and newly collected though separation between different reproductive units data. The conclusion that the length at age in the period was not possible. The Committee discussed these conclu­ 1953-1963 was significantly different from length at age sions and disagreed with the necessity to split the stock in most recent years has been confirmed. unit presently used, i.e. Sub-divisions 22-32, into smaller management units. Doc. J:6 related the food consumption and evacuation in dab to different oxygen concentrations and temperature Doc. J:10 related year class strength of the herring stock levels. At an oxygen saturation level of 80-98%, the in the Gulf of Riga to different abiotic and biotic factors. mean daily consumption was estimated to be 4.5 times Reproductive success was shown to be mainly related to higher than at a saturation level of 20-40% , temperature the water temperature in the pre-spawning period defining kept constant. This reduction in appetite connected to a the onset and duration of spawning as well as the feeding possible reduction in stomach evacuation rates at low conditions for the larvae. In years when cod was abun­ oxygen levels, a situation frequently occurring in the dant in the central Baltic and entered the Gulf of Riga in transition area between the North Sea and the Baltic dur­ considerable quantities, predation might have had a con­ ing summer and autumn, appears to be responsible for the siderable impact on recruitment. When comparing the observed reduction in growth (see Doc. J:5). year-class strength of herring in the Gulf of Riga with comparable data from other areas of the Baltic Sea, a Doc. J:21 on the environmental conditions for demersal similarity between neighbouring areas was quite obvious. fishstocks in the south-easternpart of the Baltic Proper in The Committee suggested that the predictive strength of 1992-1995 was read by title only. the relationships found should be tested by estimating year class strength for1993-1994. In an oral paper (Doc. J:17), it was reported that flounder is composed of two reproductively isolated races in Esto­ Doc. J: 12 analysed mean length at age data of herring nian waters: P. flesus trachurus baltica pelagicus with from commercial catches in Sub-division 28 within the pelagic eggs found in 100-140 m depth and P. flesus tra­ period 1964-1993. The long-term fluctuations in mean churus baltica sublitoralis with demersal eggs in 2-22 m length at age were found to be closely related to the stock depth. The pelagic race dominates the Estonian commer­ size of herring in the Gulf of Riga. Due to a large stock cial landings in the Gulf of Finland. A strong linear corre­ size of herring and limited food resources in the Gulf of lation was found between salinity in the Gotland Basin Riga in most recent years, the intensity of the migration and landings in the Estonian EEC in subsequent years. out of the Gulf into open sea areas was high, resulting in Hence, the inflow of saline water into the Gotland Basin decreasing length at age in commercial catches in Sub- is supposed to be one of the most important factors influ-

172 encing the size of the flounder stock in the Gulf of Fin­ Doc. J:20 on the ichthyoplankton distribution and abun­ land. dance in the eastern Baltic Sea was read by title only.

Other Scientific Contributions Adoption of Recommendations

Data on the abundance of flounder and eelpout were col­ The Committee proposed a number of recommendations lected during a Polish young fish survey directed to cod, which were subsequently adopted by the Consultative herring and sprat (Doc. J:30). The 1988 flounder year­ Committee and Council. class appears to be large, but subsequent year-classes has been small, resulting in a decreasing flounder stock. It Closing of the meeting seems that the 1994 year-class is abundant. Until the be­ ginning of the 1980s eelpout were mainly caught as single The outgoing Chairman Mr B. Sjostrand was thanked for specimens. After a recent increase it is assessed that the his excellent chairmanship over the last three years by the biomass is close to 5000 t in the western part of the Gulf Chairman of the Consultative Committee Dr R.C.A. ofGdansk. Bannister.

DOCUMENTS

J:1 Report of the Study Group on Assessment-Related Research Ref. Assess Activities Relevant to Baltic Fish Resources J:2 Report of the Study Group on Baltic Cod Age Reading J:3 T. Raid Length structure of herring in the Gulf of Finland: spatial and Ref. H temporal variability J:4 F. Arrhenius and S. Hansson Growth and seasonal changes in energy content of young Bal­ tic Sea herring ( Clupea harengus L.) J:5 Ole Bagge et al. The mean length at age of dab in Arhus Bay in relation to oxygen conditions 1953-1994 J:6 Ole Bagge et al. Consumption of food and evacuation in dab (Limanda li­ Ref. C, E manda) related saturation and temperature. Preliminary re­ sults. J:7 K.M. Lehmann and J.R. Niel­ Acoustic Identification of 0-group Cod in theBaltic Sea sen J:8 Poster T. Baranova and I. Shies Latvian gillnet cod fisheryin 1993-1994 J:9 T. Baranova The structure of spawning cod stock in the Eastern Baltic during 1972-1995 J:10 G. Kornilovs Analysis of Baltic herring year class strength in the Gulf of Riga J:11 Withdrawn J:12 M. Fetter and A. Naglis Herring stock length-at-age structure in the Eastern Baltic J:13 Poster D. Uzars Cannibalism of cod in the Gotland basin of the Baltic Sea J:14 F. Shvetsov et al. . The structure of Baltic sprat population as a base for the as­ sessment of the stock J:15 K. Horbowa and E. Wlo­ Size-specific vertical distribution and mortality rates of the RefL darczyk Baltic cod (Gadus morhua L.) eggs in the Bornholm Basin in 1993 and 1994 J:16 Not received J:17 Tenno Drevs Effect of salt water inflow to the Baltic sea on the spawning conditions of flounder (Platichthys flesus (L.)) in the Gulf of Finland

173 J:18 R. Grzebielec et al. Polish hydroacoustic assessment survey of herring, sprat and cod stocks in ICES Sub-divisions 25 and 26 of the Baltic con­ ducted in October 1994 J:19 P. Grnnkjrer et al. The influence of essential fatty acids composition on growth of larval cod (Gad.us morhua L.) larvae. Preliminary observa­ tions. J:20 Poster E.M. Karasyova lchthyoplankton distribution and abundance in the Eastern Baltic Sea in 1994 J:21 V.N. Feldman et al. Salinity/oxygen regime of water in South-eastern part of Baltic Ref. E Proper in 1992-1995 and demersal fish living conditions J:22 J. Greger and T. Grohsler On the discrimination of herring stocks in Baltic Division Illa J:23 D. Schnack et al. Baltic COd REcruitment Project Ref. L J:24 P. Grnnkjreret al. Abundance and Distribution of Larval Cod (Gadhus morhua) in the Bornholm Basin J:25 P. Ernst et al. Preliminary results of a comparative cod otolith age reading experiment carried out by age readers from Sweden and Ger­ many in 1994 J:26 B. MacKenzie et al. Processes affecting growth and survival of cod eggs and larvae in the Eastern Baltic J:27 K Hussy and J. Tomkiewicz Preliminary observations of size at settling and food resource utilization of juvenile (0-group) Baltic cod ( Gad.us morhua L.) J:28 Withdrawn J:29 E. Nielsen et al. . Water temperature and wind effects on the abundance of 0- group plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the Kattegat J:30 Poster J. Netzel and J. Kuczyniski The abundances of flounder (P. flesus L.) and eel pout (Z. viviparus L.) in the Gulf of Gdansk area estimated by swept area method

REFERENCE PAPERS: B:14, B:23, D:11, D:15, E:14, H:2, L:11, L:28, M:8

174 SHELLFISH COMMITTEE (K)

Chairman: Dr M. Heral Rapporteur: Dr J.P. Hillis

The Committee met on Friday 22 September from Atlantic). It was reaffirmed that this ICES Working 09.00 to 13.00, on Monday 25 September from09.00 to Group would cover all areas of interest to ICES 13.00 and on Tuesday 26 September from 09.00-11.00. Member Countries, including the Northwest Atlantic The Chairman opened the meeting by welcoming the categorised in NAFO areas. participants. He drew the attention of the participants to the publication by ICES of a leaflet on the new ICES Docs. K:7, K:12, K:13, K:18, K:32, K:33 and K:21 Code of Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of dealt with the occurrence, distribution and abundance of Marine Organisms. The Chairman defined the rules for cephalopods, with a view, as far as possible, of oral presentations and requested that the timetable be assessment. These included Gonatus f abricii (Doc. maintained. He suggested that the poster display be K:12) in Norwegian waters, Loligo forbesi, the main examined during coffee breaks. The Committee dealt species in British and Irish waters (Docs. K: 13, K:21) with its papers on invertebrates by taxonomic groups, and a range of species with Loligo vulgaris dominant in with the greatest number of papers submitted this year Iberian, Canarian and Azorean waters. (around 25 out of a total of 40) dealing with cephal­ opods. The agenda was adopted and Dr J.P. Hillis was Docs. K:7, K:13, K:32 and K:33 dealt with seasonal appointed rapporteur. occurrence, Doc. K:7 with fishing methods, Doc. K:21 and Doc. K:22 with interannual fluctuations in catch, Doc. K:1, the report of the Study Group on the and Doc. K: 18 with ecology. Doc. K:21 correlated Assessment of Shellfish Stocks in the North Atlantic, autumn abundance of squid in Scottish waters positively was introduced by the Chairman of the Consultative with temperature during the preceding spring, but Committee (Dr R.C.A. Bannister) who explained that cautioned that more work was needed to be done to the aim was to investigate little-studied taxonomic validate the relationship. groups with a view to attaining the ability to assess them. Assessment of stocks by study groups was not, Docs. K:8, K:9, K:17, K:35, K:36, K:37 and Doc. however, favoured by the Chairman of ACFM, and it K:40 dealt with cephalopod reproduction, Doc. K:35 off was felt that peer review of any such calculations was New England, USA, Doc. K:36 in the English Channel called for. It was further felt that the general approach where 80% of the landings are Loligo forbesi, Doc. K:8 to measurement of abundance, mortality and growth and Doc. K:9 off NW Spain, Docs. K:17, K:36, and should be as standardised as reasonably possible. He K:37 off NW Africa, and Doc. K:40 in captivity at mentioned that the expected co-chairman had not been Horta, Azores. Docs. K:8, K:9 and K:17 reported able to organise the meeting of the Study Group. prolonged or intermittent spawning in Loligo, Todaropsis and Illex, respectively; Docs. K:35 and In discussion, it was noted that most assessment­ K:36 covered catch composition; and Doc. K:37 oriented activity would have been directed towards maturation and recruitment, all in Loligo spp. Doc. crustacean stocks, but that there was a growing interest K:40 described reproductive behaviour in captive Loligo in bivalves. However, bivalve management was forbesi. In discussion, it was suggested that post­ bedevilled by unstable recruitment. A comparative spawning death in females may be partly due to the approach was recommended, utilising the experience in confined space in which the experiment took place. assessment which finfish workers have built up over the years. The Chairmen of the different Working and Doc. K:41 described feeding behaviour in captive Study Groups were asked to participate in the discussion Loligo forbesi, and showed fluctuations in feeding of Doc. K: 1, the Study Group report. frequency, and the rejection of head and tail in large fish prey. Doc. K:50 described the use of statoliths as Cephalopod Sessions an indicator of growth, and found good correlation between statolith length and dorsal mantle length within Doc. K:3, the report of the Working Group on micro-cohorts only. Cephalopod and Life History, introduced by its Chairman, Dr U. Piatkowski, reported continued work The poster K:42 on techniques of statolith examination on the present terms of reference, with the next meeting by staining was noted. Doc. K:49 described schooling recommended for 17-18 April 1996 in Lisbon. In in Alloteuthis, and demonstrated the existence of a discussion, the paucity of European data was noted sensory area on the head; covering it with an adhesive (though there were some data available from the S.E. "superglue" inhibited ability to school in darkness.

175 Bivalvia Session examined, and there were indications of a stock decrease suggesting that effort should not increase, Dr R. Dijkema, Co-Chairman of the Study Group on despite community-based indications that there was Spatfall and Recruitment in Bivalve Stocks (Doc. K:2), pressure for it to do so. reported a decline in interest among potential contributors and suggested broadening the subject to Doc. K:31 demonstrated the effect of physical include stock assessment, which the Chairman pointed parameters (gyre, stratification, etc.) on retention of out had been discussed. With regard to Doc. K: 1, Dr T. Nephrops larvae in the area of the N.W. Irish Sea. The Neudecker offered his support to the Group if it report of the Study Group on Life Histories of Nephrops continued to function. The Chairman mentioned the (Doc. K:4) was presented by the rapporteur. It was potential importance of physics, hydrography and food noted that full information on the occurrence of the supply in this area. Doc. K:20 described the ecology of disease Haemotodinium in Nephrops must be obtained. Icelandic Buccinum undatum (Class: Gastropoda) and The Docs. K:39 and K:29 were read by abstract in the noted annual growth rings, clearly observable absence of the authors. maturation in males but not females (virgin and spent specimens looking similar). The purpose of the study General Discussion and Recommendations was to investigate the feasibility of establishing a fishery. Docs. K:26 and K:54 described studies, The Shellfish Committee agreed to hold a special topic especially on growth, of Icelandic ocean quahogs. They session during the 1996 Annual Science Conference on are very slow-growing and long lived, with maximum "Dynamics of Populations of Bivalves" to attract recorded ages of about 100 years in males and 220 experts on this subject with the goal of creating later a years in females. Doc. K:44 on mussels was read by study group on methods of stock assessment of bivalves. title and abstract in the absence of the author. The Shellfish Committee proposed Doc. K:20 for the Crustacea Session best oral presentation and the poster Q: 17 for the first prize. It was noted by the Chairman of the Shellfish The report of the Fisheries and Life History Working Committee that, for all the different working groups and Group on Crangon, Doc. K:6, was presented by its study groups, the ICES Member Countries should Chairman, Dr Neudecker. Data were provided by nominate appropriate experts, and provide financial Denmark, Germany, and in one area each, France and support for them to participate in the meetings of these the UK (Scotland). He demonstrated an apparent five­ groups. year cyclical sharp drop in numbers. Doc. K:45 was presented by abstract in the author's absence. Doc. The Shellfish Committee proposed a Mini-Symposium K:53 showed Crangon larvae abundance variations in on "Cephalopods: Their role in the trophic chain". This the Channel and southern North Sea. could include particularly their abundance, the importance of fish predation by cephalopods, and their The report of the Study Group on Life Histories and predation by marine mammals. The Convenor will be Assessment of Panda/us Stocks in the North Atlantic, Dr U. Piatkowski. This session could be planned forthe Doc. K:5, was introduced by Mr B. Sjostrand in the 1997 Annual Science Conference in the USA or 1998 in absence of the Chairman (Mr S. Tveite). He briefly Lisbon. outlined the evolution of the Group and noted that there was not enough new material to justify a Study Group The Shellfish Committee supported, with the meeting, but by next year work material should be Mariculture Committee, a Workshop on shellfish adequate for an assessment Working Group meeting. bivalve cultivation modelling and coupling with their Doc. K: 11 was noted by title and abstract in the ecosystem impact. The Convenors will be Dr M. Heral author's absence. and Prof. B.L. Bayne. The Workshop will be held in Plymouth in the autumn of 1996. It could be co­ Doc. K: 16 described the use of an integrated age-length sponsored by the European Commission with a key technique compared to Kimura and Chikuni' s concerted action on this subject. The proceedings of this slicing method with different values of t0 for converting workshop will be published in a special issue of the length to age in Portuguese male Nephrops. Results by Journal of Experimental Marine Ecology and the different methods gave broadly similar results, but Physiology. with some mutual disagreement in the case of the youngest age group. Application of the method showed Recommendations fluctuating fishing mortality with a very slight increase, and noticeable decreases since 1989-1990 in The Shellfish Committee noted an almost complete lack recruitment, stock size and total biomass. Doc. K:47 of information on the offshore populations in several reported on surveys of two shrimp species, areas particularly in the North Sea bivalves with market Parapenaeus longirostris and Aristeus varidens, off potential. This includes hard clams (Spisula solida and Angola. Sampling design and catch-per-unit effort were S. subtruncata), Atlantic razor clams (Ensis directus),

176 soft-shell clams (Mya subtruncata), venus clams It was recommended that the populations of bivalve (Chamelea gallina), horse mussels (Modiolus modiolus), species with fishery potential be surveyed, focusing on etc. This lack of data concerns all vital parameters of the bivalve stocks already under exploitation. The main fisheries relevance such as distribution, biomass, objectives of the research should be: production and recruitment, as well as general - to study the distribution, total and fishable biomass, ecological interactions. and production of the stocks in order to assess their fishery potential; Any boat with a fishing license within the European Union is nevertheless permitted to exploit these stocks - to investigate the seasonality of reproduction and without restriction, regardless of possible impacts on the recruitment in order to determine the possible need target and non-target species. This situation represents a for protective measures; potential source of conflict between economic and environmental interests and is a cause for concern to the to study the ecological interactions between the relevant scientific and political bodies. bivalve populations and potential competitors and predators in order to assess the environmental An example of the situation can be given in the North impact of the fishery; Sea with the new fishery on Spisula which began with annual landings of just a few hundred tonnes in - to investigate and optimise the selectivity of the gear 1991/1992, and which will generate landings of 10,000- in order to improve the efficiency of the fishery and 20,000 tonnes in 1995. The market potential will lead to to reduce its impact on non-target species; higher catches in the years to come. Management for sustainable use is at present impossible, because of the - to develop an integrated procedure for international lack of a database, and because the Spisula stocks may management of the stocks in order to minimise fall under European, national or regional jurisdiction, potential conflicts and to make possible a sustainable depending on the geographical location. use of the resources.

DOCUMENTS

K:1 Report of the Study Group on the Assessment of Shellfish Stocks Ref. Assess in the North Atlantic K:2 Report of the Study Group on Spatfall and Recruitment in Bivalve Stocks K:3 Report of the Working Group on Cephalopod Fisheries and Life Ref. Assess History K:4 Report of the Study Group on Life Histories of Nephrops Ref. Assess K:5 Report of the Study Group on Life Histories and Assessment of Ref. Assess Pandalus Stocks in the North Atlantic K:6 Report of the Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and Life History Ref. Assess K:7 F. Simon et al .. The small-scale hand-jig squid fishery in the northwestern Iberian peninsula analysed using a model based on short fishery statistics survey K:8 F. Rocha and A. Guerra Flexible reproductive patterns in the squids Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi K:9 M. Rasero et al.. Spawning pattern and fecundity of the ommastrephid squid Todaropsis eblanae in north-eastern Atlantic waters K:10 M. Rasero and B.G. Castro Signs of prey-size selectivity in the feeding behaviour of Todaropsis eblanae (cephalopoda: ommastrephidae) K:11 Poster M. Aschan et al.. Results of Norwegian and Russian investigations of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the Barents Sea and Svalbard area 1994

177 K:12 H. Bj0rke Norwegian investigations on Gonatusfabricii (Lichtenstein) Ref. N K:13 C. Lordan et al. The significance of squid in Irish fisheries K:14 Not received K:15 Withdrawn K:16 A.M. Caramelo Comparison of VPA results using two methods for conversion of Ref. D length to age for Nephrops stocks in Portuguese waters (ICES Div. IXa) K:17 V. Hernandez-Garcia and Reproductive biology of the subfamily Illicinae, Illex coindetii J.J. Castro and Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: ommastrephidae Steenstrup, 1857) offNorthwest Africa K:18 V. Hernandez-Garcia Cephalopod from CECAF area: fishery and ecology role K:19 Withdrawn K:20 K. Gunnarsson and S. Observations on whelk populations (Buccinum undatum L. Einarsson Mollusca; Gastropoda) in Breidifjordur, WesternIceland K:21 Graham Pierce Stock assessment with a thermometer: correlations between sea Ref. C Poster surface temperature and landings of squid (Lotigo forbesi) in Scotland K:22 Poster G .J Pierce et al. Correlation analysis of interannual variation in cephalopod landings from European waters K:23 Poster P.R. Boyle et al. Patters in reproduction and recruitment of Latigo forbesi. around the British Isles K:24 Poster P.W. Shaw and J.M Murphy Microsatellite DNA and population genetics of the squid Loligo forbesi K:25 Withdrawn K:26 G.G. Th6rarinsd6ttir and G. Shell length-meat weight relationships of ocean quahog, Arctica J6hannesson islandica (Linnaeus), from Icelandic waters K:27 Not received K:28 Not received K:29 0.V. Gerasimova and Some pecularities of reproduction of king crab (Paratithodes camtschatica (til.)) in the Barents Sea S.A. Kuzmin K:30 Not received K:31 J. Brown et al. A physical retention mechanism forNephrops norvegicus larvae Ref. C K:32 A. Moreno and C. Sousa Seasonal Distribution of Loliginid Early Young Stages in the Reis Portuguese Continental Shelf K:33 M.M. da Cunha et al.. Spatial and Temporal Occurrences of Latigo spp. in Portuguese waters K:34 Not received K:35 W.K. Macy Recruitment of long-finned squid in New England (USA) waters K:36 J.P. Robin and E. Boucaud Squid catch composition in the English Channel bottom trawl fishery: Proportion of Latigo forbesi and Latigo vulgaris in the landings and length-frequencies of both species during the 1993- 1994 period

178 K:37 C.P. Raya et al. Maturation pattern and recruitment of the squid Loligo vulgaris from North West African coast K:38 Withdrawn

K:39 A. de Kerros et al. Age determination of Homarus americanus using a histochemistry index of lipofuscin abundance K:4O F.M. Porteiro et al. The Azorean squid, Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: ) in captivity: reproductive behaviour K:41 F.M. Porteiro et al. The Azorean squid, Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Ref. F captivity: feeding and growth K:42 Poster s. V. Estacio et al. Reading and staining statoliths of the loliginid squid, Loligo forbesi K:43 Poster J.M. Gon9ales et al. The deep water crab, Chaceon affinis, a new fisheries resource in the Azores? K:44 P. Sand Kristensen and K. Aerial surveys, biomass estimates and elimination of the mussel Dahl population (Mytilus edulis L.) stock in the Danish Wadden Sea 1991- 1994 K:45 P. Sand Kristensen and V. Fishery of brown shrimps (Crangon crangon) in the Danish Wadden Wellendorph Sea area (1963-1993) K:46 Withdrawn K:47 F. Vaz-Vellho An assessment of deep water shrimp surveys in Angolan water K:48 M.L. Coelho et al. Estimates of individual fecundity in the squid Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) K:49 P.A. Lima et al. Patterns of schooling behaviour in Alloteuthis subulata (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) K:5O V. Bettencourt et al. The use of statoliths in age determination of the long-finned squid, Loligo vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) K:51 Withdrawn K:52 Withdrawn K:53 V. Martin Periode d' eclosion et abondance des larves de crevette grise Crangon Crangon Linnaeus, 1758 en manche et au sud de la mer du nord K:54 S.A. Steingrimsson and G. Age, structure, growth and size at sexual maturity in ocean quahog Thorarinsdottir Arctica islandica (Mollusca: Bivalvia), off NW-lceland

REFERENCE PAPERS: B:11, B:20, D:9, D:10, D:13, D:14, E:13, F:6, F:12, F:14, G:21, G:32, G:33 (poster), L:11, L:26, L:29

179 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY COMMITTEE (L)

Chairman: Dr M. Reeve Rapporteur: Dr H. Rumohr

Business was conducted in three sessions on 22, 23 and still have to be solved. The demand for indicator species 26 September. There were no Joint Sessions with other to physical disturbance was approached with a discus­ Committees. sion on a series of characteristics for a sensitive species but also species not vulnerable and those who take even Committee Business advantage of disturbances of the environment (scavengers). He reported on recolonization processes The chairman opened the session with a tour de table after closing of fisheries in certain areas and pointed out introducing all participants and gave a review on the the lack of appropriate study areas. The group discussed committee work and a preview on the intended new plans for a new Joint North Sea Benthos Survey Pro­ structures of the committees. He announced changes in posal for 1996 ( 1997) with new approaches looking at the agenda which were adopted by the auditorium. epifauna, large Infauna, assess the relationship between Docs. L: 10, L: 13, L:23, L:26, L:27 were withdrawn. fauna and physical disturbance and the observed fishery Dr. H. Rumohr was appointed rapporteur. intensities. There are plans to use only one ship for this study and to employ new methods such as the Dutch Under the supervision of ICES General Secretary, Chris Triple D dredge and a general Video survey. Hopkins, Dr Heye Rumohr (Germany) was elected new chairman of the Biological Oceanography Committee. The chairman of the BOC stressed the importance of the He will start his term of office on 1 November 1995. Benthos Ecology Working Group for the two Advisory Groups of ICES. Matters referred by the Consultative Committee Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics No matters were referred to the Committee. Dr B. Reguera reported on a meeting of this Working Symposium and Working Group and Study Group Group held at the Finnish Institute of Marine Research Reports in Helsinki, Finland. Main topics were the intercom­ parison of in-situ growth rates and investigations in pilot Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecology areas (Gulf of Maine). She reported also on a successful Modeling Workshop in Vigo, Spain 1994. There will be Prof. F. Colijn reported on the Workshop where the a NATO-ASI WS on the Ecophysiology of Harmful ICES Standard Methods forPrimary Production were of Algae in Bermuda in late May 1996 and an ICES/IOC special importance. Dr 0. Lindahl will write a ICES Workshop on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics in Brest, manual on the use of a standard incubation. New tech­ France in April 1996. The group expressed a request niques for algal biomass, growth rates, primary pro­ for more zooplankton and physical expertise in the duction (pulse amplitude modulated fluorescence) will Working Group . be considered. Further topics of discussion were the use of flow cytometry, determination of pigments, auto­ Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology matic equipments for ships of opportunity, buoys and other carriers. He reported on plans for a phytoplankton In absence of the chairman, Prof. J. Lenz gave a report symposium in Kiel in spring 1997 (ICES Symposium on on the activities of this Working Group which had its the Temporal Variability of Plankton). The suitability of meeting in Woods Hole in June. Only a few members plankton populations for the monitoring of nutrient (9) could attend the meeting due to funding shortages. fluxes will be further discussed (request by OSPAR Main tasks for the future work will be the completion of 1.5). Problems arose from the limited attendance of the a new Zooplankton Methodology Manual. The first Working Group meeting. Plans are made to have more draft will be ready by November 1995, a final draft in co-operation with the Working Group on Harmful Algal Spring 1996. Financial help is currently being sought Bloom Dynamics and the WGSSO. for this publication which will also comprise a set of standard sea-going and laboratory methods and proto­ Benthos EcologyWorking Group cols that will probably be issued on CD-ROM. The group also discussed further investigations on its key Dr P. Kingston reported on the Working Group meeting species for the ICES region, Calanus finmarchicus. The held in Thorshavn, Faroe Islands in May 1995. He next meeting is planned in conjunction with the Work­ highlighted aspects of the intended ICES Benthos Data­ ing Group on Cod and Climate Change next Spring. base, where input formats and other practical problems

180 Other groups larvae. Future activities will concentrate on the larval drift and vertical migration patterns. In the discussion The Working Group on Recruitment Processes (work concern was expressed about the low numbers of ob­ done by correspondence, Chairman Dr P. Pepin) com­ served cod larvae indicating the endangered status of the municated a set of recommendations for approval. stock.

For the Study Group on Gulf III Sampler Efficiency Ms E. Cunha presented a poster by P.C. Lopez and H. Calibration Prof. D. Schnack presented a report on the Afonso (Doc. L:22) in which they explained differences activities of this long-lasting group (Doc. L:8). With in the ichthyoplankton distribution along the Iberian EU support the calibration task of this group goes on Atlantic coast. One outcome was that no correlation was with two types of activities: 1) in towing tanks experi­ observed between zooplankton biomass (displacement ments three basic models were tested and the flow pro­ volume) and fish larvae biomass. file measured with mini-flow metres "Miniflow". The circulation tank experiments in the Hydrodynamic Dr M. George presented investigations in the German Cavitation Tunnel (HYKAT) compared a Gulf III sam­ Waddensea on the prevailing transport of meso­ pler with a Bongo-net. The measurements were per­ zooplankton species measured in tidal channels (Doc. formed with Laser/Doppler methods and revealed very L:25). This investigation was part of the TRANSWATT stable values. In conclusion the terms of reference had exercise. They investigated whether certain cirripede been addressed and the Study Group shall go on by cor­ larval stages stay in the same water body or whether respondence with terms of referenceas they stand. there is a prevailing transport. For nauplii an off-shore transport was recorded whereas for cypris larvae the in­ Sea Birds have been covered by ICES for three years. shore transport was dominant. The initial Study Group was meanwhile changed into a Working Group on Sea Bird Ecology. Their very in­ Dr K. Sherman presented his views on an multi-decadal formative first report will be published as a Cooperative dataset of monitoring and assessment work from the US Research Report of ICES. Dr R. Bailey reported on a East coast (Doc. L: 18). He reported on the depression forthcoming Sea Bird Symposium in November 1996 of demersal fisheries on cod/haddock and flounder and entitled "Sea Bird Ecology and Distribution in Relation the considerable recovery of herring and mackerel to a to the Marine Environment". Chairman of this Sympo­ stock biomass of 5 million tonnes without a significant sium will be M. Tasker (UK). It will be co-sponsored fishery. The Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, Southern by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) New England and Mid-Atlantic Bight displayed differ­ and the Sea Bird Group. The Proceedings will be pub­ ent annual/seasonal patterns of zooplankton biomass in lished in the ICES Journal of Marine Science. Support these main regions. The seasonality seemed to be pro­ was expressed by members of the audience and also duced by predominant westerly winds. No long-term suggestions expressed to extend the range of this group climatic signal was discovered that may explain the to the US coast and the North Atlantic. trends in this dataset. There is anyhow a slight upward trend in zooplankton biomass which allows a reasonable The Group joined the session of the Hydrography expectation that these stocks will recover in future pro­ Committee for the Report of the Working Group on vided the roundfish fishery will be reduced for some Cod and Climate Change presented by Dr S. Sundby time. He closed his presentation with an optimistic view (Doc. A:8). about the future of this fishery and left us with a poten­ tial of nearly 5 million tonnes of unexploited pelagic ScientificCommunications fishes.

Dr G.S Astthorsson presented Doc. L:30 on work per­ Prof. D. Schnack presented the paper by Waller and formed along a N - S transect from the coast of SW Rosenthal about migratory behaviour of yolk sack lar­ Iceland 60 km off-shore. They observed high year-to­ vae of cod (Doc. L:14). They performed experiments in year variability in all parameters. The zooplankton glass-jars containing sea-water of different salinities. In seemed to be highly linked to the coastal water dynam­ the Bornholm Basin cod eggs did not float at the surface ics. Samples were taken with a BIO-NESS multi-net but rather at the discontinuity layer where they are en­ sampler. dangered by the oxygen deficiency from below. Video observations of floating larvae in experimental glass-jars Mr H.H. Hinrichsen presented a Baltic hydrographic showed them head up-wards during swimming and model that aimed at unveiling the larval drift and reten­ head-downwards during sinking. There was a linear tion of cod larvae in the Bornholm Basin. The model relationship between sinking speed and salinity. High was verified with an experiment in the Bornholm Basin salinity made them moving upwards. Oxygen deficiency in July 1994. The outcome was lagrangian trajectories makes cod larvae inactive. of larval transport, a particle tracking method that also enables the investigator a backward calculation, making Mr S.A. Pedersen presented a first evaluation of possible the identification of the actual origin of the zooplankton data from 1956 to 1984 taken from the

181 West Coast of Greenland (Doc. L:15). He backed his outcome was that conventional time series analysis has presentation up with a description of the drastic decline to be complemented by pattern analysis to demonstrate of the cod fishery beginning in the seventies ending with the role of interannual patterns. the practical disappearance of this cod stock. Meanwhile the shrimp and halibut fishery increased. Samples were Doc. L:29 by R. Dijkema et al. entitled : " Feasibility taken with a 2 m wide ringtrawl with 1 mm meshes. of active biological monitoring (ABM) of phytoplankton 2 These should be transformed to 1 m values for better toxins with suspended mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an comparison. He expressed the hope that this data set early warning system against toxic algal blooms in the will be of use for future studies of recruitment processes Dutch coastal waters" was read by title. in the area. The Chairman gave the floor to oral presentations of In the presentation of Prof. B. Rothschild (Doc. L:18) poster Doc. L:24 on larval ecology of anchovy influ­ both the title and the authorship were altered to B. enced by the occurrence of ctenophore species that was Rothschild "Time Series of North Sea Cod, Herring communicated by Prof. E. Houde. and Zooplankton". He dedicated this paper (which will appear in Oceanologia Acta) to the memory of the late Adoption of Recommendations Dr John Gamble. He reported on multidecadal changes observed in fish populations followed by an analysis of All recommendations were adopted and endorsed with "strong" year classes in cod. There was a distinct in­ only minor changes. crease of both F and recruitment followed by a drastic decline. Why did cod and herring increase at the same There was no other business. time? Smoothed curves of copepod time series revealed a negative trend in all species. A comparison of inter­ The outgoing Chairman thanked the audience for their annual patterns of Calanus abundance by means of attendance and co-operation during the meetings and cluster analysis of annual patterns made the identifica­ other activities in the BOC, and closed the meeting. tion of "weak year class patterns" possible. One major

DOCUMENTS

L:1 ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton. Editors Report 1994/1995 L:2 Report of the Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecology Ref. C+E Env L:3 Report of the Benthos Ecology Working Group L:4 Report of the ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dy­ Ref. E namics L:5 Report of the Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology L:6 Report of the Working Group on Recruitment Processes L:7 Report of the Study Group on Methods of Spatial and Temporal Inte­ gration L:8 Report of the Study Group on Gulf III Sampler Efficiency Calibrations L:9 Report of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology Ref Assess Env L:10 P. Kremer The importance of life history to predation by gelatinous zooplankton L: 11 A. Stankevicius Impact of the Kurschiu marios lagoon eutrophic water on ecosystems of Ref. C, G, the Lithuanian coastal zone H,J, K L:12 Withdrawn L: 13 K. Gudmundsson et al. Estimation of assimilation numbers off the coasts of Iceland L: 14 U. Waller and H. Rosen- The migratory behaviour of yolk-sack larvae of cod, Gadus morhua Ref. G thal

182 L:15 S.A. Pedersen and E.L.B. Zooplankton investigations offWest Greenland 1956-1984 Smidt L:16 B.J. Rothschild and A.F. The North Sea cod, herring zooplankton and the North Atlantic climate Ref. C, G, Sharov signal of 1970's H L:17 S. Alshuth and R. Grant Egg and early larval characteristics of Pogonias cromis, bairdiella chry­ Poster Gilmore soura and Cynoscion nebulosus (Pisces: Sciaenidae) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida L:18 K. Sherman et al. Zooplankton and fisheries of the northeast shelf large marine ecosystem

L:19 E. Naumenko Species composition, seasonal and long-term dynamics of zooplankton Poster abundance and biomass in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea L:20 L.V. Rudinskaya Dynamics of Chironomus f l. semireductus biomass in the Currish La­ Poster goon of the Baltic Sea L:21 S.N. Semyonova et al. Spatial-temporal fluctuations of phytocene in the south Baltic Sea during Poster fall and spring L:22 P. do Carmo Lopes and lchthyoplankton abundance and larval diversity off the Portuguese con- Ref. H M. Hortense Afonso tinental coast Poster L:23 Withdrawn L:24 G.C. Rilling et al. Temporal and spatial variability in the distribution and dynamics of Bay Ref. H Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) early life stages in the Chesapeake Bay Poster L:25 M.R. George Distribution and transport of mesozooplankton during tidal cycles at a Ref. C fixed station in the northern German Wadden Sea L:26 G.Y. Conan The role of water masses in limiting movements of benthic crustaceans Ref. C, K in the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada L:27 S.H. J6nasd6ttir and M. Contents and depletion of lipids in Ca/anus finmarchicus during over­ St. John wintering in the North Atlantic L:28 H.H. Hinrichsen et al. Larval drift and retention: Baltic cod, a modeling approach Ref. C, J L:29 R. Dijkema et al. Feasibility of active biological monitoring (ABM) of phytoplankton Ref E, K toxins with suspended mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an early warning sys­ tem against toxic algal bloom in the Dutch coastal waters L:30 A. Gislason and 0. S. Vertical distribution of zooplankton in the shelf area southwest of Ice- Astthorsson land in early May 1991 and 1992

REFERENCE PAPERS: C:3, C:14, D:3, D:6, E:1, G:4, G:8, G:27, G:29, G:35, H:14, H:26, H:28, J:15, J:23, N:19

183 ANADROMOUS AND CATADROMOUS FISH COMMITTEE (M)

Chairman: Dr K. Friedland Rapporteur: Dr E. Ikonen

Administrative Matters 4. Larval research cruises should be resumed with per- sonnel qualified in handling leptocephalus. The Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee met in three sessions on 21, 22, and 25 September. During Nonh Atlantic Salmon Working Group the first session the Rapporteur was appointed and the agenda adopted. The Chairman reviewed drafts of pro­ The report of the Working Group on North Atlantic posed Theme Sessions developed by the Committee via Salmon (Doc. Assess: 14) was presented by Mr A. correspondence. A contest for the ANACAT Fish Isaksson in the absence of its Chairman, Mr E.C.E. Committee best paper or poster was announced, with a Potter. The Working Group met in April to address prize of an "Anadromous Park" cap; a judging panel questions put to ICES by the North Atlantic Salmon was appointed to consider all papers and posters. The Conservation Organization (NASCO); 25 papers were Chairman reported that the ANACAT Fish Committee submitted by the participants. Preliminary catch figures mailing list has been increased to over 300 names and forthe North East Atlantic Commission (NEAC) (3,486 requested further support from the Committee to build t) and North American Commission (NAC) (354 t) ar­ the list further. The compilation of marks and tags ap­ eas were similar to those in 1993. In accordance with plied to salmon was reviewed (Doc. M:42). agreements between local fisheries organisations and the North Atlantic Salmon Fund, the salmon fisheries at Working Group Reports West Greenland and the Faroes were suspended, al­ though a research fishery operated in Faroese waters. In Joint ICES/EIFAC Working Group on Eel the NEAC area, reductions in exploitation are thought to have resulted in increased runs into freshwater, but in The report of the Joint ICES/EIFAC Working Group on the NAC area, returns of small and large salmon in Eel (M: 1) was presented by Ms E. Hahlbeck in the ab­ 1994 were among the lowest for 5 years. Production of sence of its Chairman, Dr C. Moriarty. The report farmed fish in 1994 was the highest in the history of the summarised the discussion, conclusions, and recom­ farming industry (328,785 t). mendations of the Working Group meeting, which was attended by 40 scientists and received 43 papers and The Working Group reviewed the model used to predict posters. pre-fishery abundance at West Greenland. Catch options for the West Greenland Commission were provided. The Working Group noted the persistence of low elver However, the Working Group noted that in the NAC catches over most of the European Continent. The area spawning escarpment of 2SW salmon stocks con­ Working Group was also apprised of trends of poor tinued to decline and marine survival rates for moni­ recruitment of other species of Anguilla in the Indian tored stocks continued to be low despite nearly complete and Pacific Oceans. In the face of these declines, the closures of mixed and single stock fisheries. As a re­ Working Group put forward recommendations for re­ sult, the Working Group recommended that a conserva­ search on the factors impacting the stocks, and stressed tive management strategy be adopted. the urgency of this work. The Working Group was unable to provide detailed The major recommendations of the Working Group catch advice for stocks in the NEAC area. However, a were: preliminary assessment was made of changes in the pre-fishery abundance of maturing and non-maturing 1. Assessments of the trends in recruitment, contami­ lSW salmon in the North East Atlantic over the past 15 nants, parasites, and fishing mortality of eel stocks years. On the basis of these data, it was recommended should be initiated. that levels of exploitation on the non-maturing lSW fish in mixed stock fisheries should not be allowed to in­ 2. A special meeting should be held during the next crease. session, which would include the participation of oceanographers, to assess the recently recorded The Working Group participated in a joint meeting with changes in larval and glass eel abundances. the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group "to identify questions of mutual interest and to 3. ICES Member Countries should improve eel catch explore possibilities of either merging the two working statistics as enumerated by major life stage. groups or organising interactions and communication between them". The meeting agreed that they did not

184 wish the Working Groups to merge at this time, but that stocks. Mainly as a result of M-74, the estimated wild it would be desirable to improve communication and smolt production will now decrease considerably. The exchange; this might be achieved through occasional wild smolt production in 1996 in the Gulf of Bothnia is Joint Sessions, ad hoe Study Groups and workshops, estimated to be below 100,000 fish, which is less than and improved dissemination of results. 10% of the potential production.

Principal recommendations of interest to the ANACAT An evaluation of the delayed release technique showed Fish Committee were: that delayed release of salmon smolts has proved to be successful in terms of yield in Swedish, but not in Fin­ 1. The Working Group noted the growing importance nish, experiments. The localisation of release sites is of restoration programmes in many areas of the critical for the number of fish straying to rivers. The North Atlantic and recommended that ANACAT experiments suggest that delayed release could be use­ consider this at a special theme session. ful, but efficient fisheries in the release area have to be established to prevent unwanted straying. 2. Preliminary spawning targets should be established for all rivers in the North East Atlantic area as soon Scientific Contributions as possible and further efforts should be made to re­ fine the North American spawning target estimates. General Scientific Contributions to ANA CAT

3. Work should be carried out to refine the estimates of A paper dealing with variations in genetic composition pre-fishery abundance for the North East Atlantic of Japanese glass eels, Anguilla japonica, collected at stocks and to analyse the variability of the estimates. different sites and times of the year was presented to the Committee (Doc. M:5). A progressive increase in the 4. A sampling programme should be initiated in the most common allele isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-100) West Greenland area. was observed as the species moved north and away from the spawning grounds. This progressive change in Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group the allelic frequency in Shantou and Taipei samples during autumn was consistent with the hypothesis that The report of the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment eels from the south reached the spawning grounds ear­ Working Group (Doc. Assess:16) was presented by Dr lier than those from the north. A rapid decrease in IDH- L. Karlsson, the Group's Chairman. The catch of Baltic 100 in February suggests that another southerly sub­ salmon was 3,100 tonnes in 1994, of which 250 tonnes population reached the spawning grounds later than were taken in the Gulf of Finland. This was a consider­ those from the north. able decrease from 1993 when the recorded catch was 3,937 tonnes, of which 444 tonnes were taken in the Doc. M:23 dealt with salmon parr production and Gulf of Finland. The proportion taken in the offshore spawning stocks in Baltic salmon rivers of Northern fishery, mainly in the Main Basin, was slightly higher Sweden. In the 1980s, an increased number of spawners in 1994 (73%), than in the preceding years. This may in led to increased parr densities. In 1992-1993, densities part be due to an increase in the fishing effort in the of parr were very low despite the increased abundance offshore fishery. of spawners, thus indicating increased alevin-fry mor­ tality. High alevin-mortality was also observed at the The M-74 syndrome continues to cause high mortalities same time in Swedish hatcheries and was attributed to among salmon alevins. Only alevins from searun fe­ the M-74 syndrome. The decline in wild salmon parr males are affected by the syndrome. The mortality density was 75 %. Positive correlation was found be­ during spring 1995 was about 50% in a number of tween parr densities and smolt run estimates in the Swedish and Finnish salmon stocks. This represented a River Torne iilv. slight decrease from the situation in 1994. M-74 has now been found among fish from the Gulf of Bothnia, The Committee considered a paper dealing with the the Gulf of Finland, and the Main Basin. The only area fecundity and biological reference points of wild Baltic which seems to be unaffected is the Gulf of Riga, as salmon stocks (Doc. M:28). In preliminary work aimed Latvian salmon stocks evidently have not suffered any at calculating egg deposition requirements for a poten­ increased mortality during the yolksac stage; no reason tial production level in Gulf of Bothnia rivers, a range 2 for this discrepancy has been found. If newly hatched of 70-700 eggs/100 m of salmon nursery area was es­ salmon alevins are kept in water containing the B­ timated. A fecundity of 1200-1500 eggs/kg of female vitamin thiamine for a short period, they will not show was found among the wild salmon stocks in the Gulf of any visible symptoms of M-74. A thiamine treatment Bothnia. has therefore become standard in Swedish and Finnish hatcheries. Because this kind of treatment is only pos­ The Committee considered Doc. M:35 dealing with sible for reared stocks, M-74 will now further accentu­ evidence of natural reproduction of sea trout in the ate the production differences between wild and reared Dreweca River, Poland, a tributary of the Vistula

185 River. The river has two dams on it, but fish ladders An analysis of smolt tagging in the Ulfarsa river in Ice­ make migration of the trout possible. The results sug­ land was presented (Doc. M:9). The paper is based on a gested that sea trout migrate through fish passes and long time series of marking experiments between the spawn in the upper reaches or tributaries of the river. years 1947 and 1970. Seaward migration occurred in May-June associated with river temperatures of 10°C. ANACAT Special Topic: The Movement and Tran­ The size of smolts and the smolt run were reported. sition for Juvenile and Adult Anadromous and Catadromous Fishes Between Freshwater and Ma­ Doc. M: 13 dealt with the effects of pre-release accli­ rine Environments: Mechanisms, Triggers, and matisation on salmon return rates. Hatchery-reared Strategies salmon smolts were transferred to net pens in a small marine bay in which estuarine salinity gradients were A paper dealing with the physiology of smoltification in established by a tarpaulin barrier. The smolts were ac­ wild and reared sea trout in Ireland was presented (Doc. climatised in these net pens for three or seven days. M:25). Sea trout smolts exhibited a less well-defined Total recoveries of Carlin-tagged fish showed higher parr-smolt transformation compared to Atlantic salmon return rates for smolts acclimatised for three days com­ and failed to show the typical decrease in total or cellu­ pared to seven days. The difference was insignificant lar metabolic rates during smolting, that is typical of for large smolts but significant for small smolts. Ap­ salmon. proximately 30% of the recaptures were strays, but the acclimatisation period did not appear to affect straying. The biochemical changes in the chloride and respiratory cell physiology of gill epithelium of the Japanese eel A group of papers (Docs. M:10, M:15, M:16 and following transfer from fresh water to sea water were M:12) reported the results of studies of post-smolt presented in Doc. M:34. Transfer of eels from fresh movements and mortality in Icelandic waters. Environ­ water to sea water was followed by marked changes in mental conditions in the Breidafjord, where the post­ enzymatic activities in respiratory and chloride cells. smolts entered the marine environment, were relatively The data suggested that the freshwater eel produced homogeneous due to the mixing effect of frequent NH3 mainly in the respiratory cells, while in mitochon­ strong winds and large tidal waves. A survey of dria-rich chloride cells, oxidative deamination was zooplankton standing crop suggested that more prey of linked to ATP production. In sea water, there was a suitable size is available for salmon post-smolts during shift towards NH3 production in both cells through dif­ early rather than late summer. ferent pathways. The pyraminide (DNA) synthesis pathway was elevated in the chloride cells, coinciding The first days of sea migration for the Icelandic post­ with an increase in the number of sea water-type chlo­ smolts was studied using a variety of active and passive ride cells during the initial adaptive phase to sea water. gears. The post-smolts started their migration towards the open ocean right after release. The mean swimming A paper dealing with the effects of salinity gradient and speed was 1.6 km/hour. Most of the post-smolts were ontogenetic shift on strontium/calcium ratios in the captured in the uppermost 3 meters of the water col­ otoliths of Japanese eel was presented (Doc. M:3). umn. Elvers were reared in the laboratory at salinities of 0, 10, 25 and 35 PSU for seven months. Ca and Sr con­ The first food of sea origin of post-smolts in Icelandic centrations of the primordium to the edge of the otoliths waters was described. The post-smolts fed mostly on were analysed. The mean Ca/Sr ratios in the new in­ pelagic prey, but benthic prey was also an important crements of the otoliths of elvers during the rearing food in the littoral areas. The main prey types eaten in period were highly correlated with salinity. However, nearshore areas were dipteras, decapods, and benthic Ca/Sr ratios in otoliths of eel reared in various salinities amphipods. When the post-smolts reached offshore were much lower than those observed in the otoliths of waters, they preyed primarily on decapod larvae, hy­ the elvers about one month before collection. The irre­ perid amphipods, euphasids, and sandeel larvae. versibility of Ca/Sr ratios at 35 PSU salinity in this ex­ periment indicated that the change of the Ca/Sr ratios of Competitors and predators of post-smolts in Icelandic elver otoliths was not due to the reduction of salinity in waters were analysed. The most numerous co-occurring the coastal waters, but more likely to the transition of species were saithe, short-spined sea sculpin, cod, and development stages from leptocephalus to glass eel. greater sandeel. Saithe and cod were considered com­ petitors. Salmon post-smolts were found in the stom­ Doc. M:41 dealt with the migration of flounder larvae achs of or seen taken by 12 species of birds, 4 species into the tidal Elbe river. The distribution of the migrat­ of fishes, and 2 species of seals. An estimate of post­ ing flounder larvae in the river was studied through smolt mortality suggested by these results equaled 2-48 Bongo-net hauls. During the flood current the larvae % of the total returns, which did not account for the were caught higher in the water column, while during overall mortality realised. ebb current few larvae were caught. The results suggest that larvae migrate aided by flood currents.

186 An analysis of thermal regimes associated with the An analysis of the effect of hydrological and climatic Connecticut and Penobscot river-ocean transition zones conditions on daily catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of At­ for Atlantic salmon smolts was presented (Doc. M: 19). lantic salmon caught by drift nets at the mouth of the Mean annual Connecticut River and sea surface water Adour River in France was presented (Doc. M:20). temperatures were warmer than those observed for the Tidal coefficient was the primary source of variation of Penobscot River. The potential effect of differing tem­ CPUE of multi-sea winter salmon, with tidal flow and peratures on migrational windows for the two rivers wind as secondary sources. For grilse, river flow ap­ was discussed. In the Penobscot River, a three-week peared to be more critical. migration window exists, whereas in the Connecticut River, the migration window was four weeks long and The distribution of tagged Atlantic salmon in the north­ began earlier in the year. Current out migration timing ern Bothnian Bay fishery was presented (Doc. M:27). of Connecticut River smolts does not appear to match Returns of Carlin tags from two wild and two reared the assumed optimal migration window. salmon stocks delineated the spatial and temporal distri­ bution of harvests. The results showed spatial separation The findings in paper Doc. M:22 dealt with the timing of the salmon stocks in the study area resulting in a ten­ of the smolt migration of Atlantic salmon in Icelandic dency for stock-specific migration routes to the river waters. The timing of the smolt run is primarily con­ mouths. The results suggested that pure stock-specific trolled by river water temperature. Increased water flow harvesting would be difficult to implement, but re­ also stimulated the smolt run in the rivers in southern stricted areas close to the rivers could allow incremental Iceland, but not in the north where precipitation is harvest release for the selected stocks. An optimisation mainlyassociated with cold Arctic winds and snow melt model was suggested as one approach to develop man­ which causes decreased river temperatures. The smolt agement advice. run is generally 3 to 4 weeks earlier in the south. River temperature seems to be the primary environmental A paper suggesting hypotheses of why the sea migrating stimulus for smolt migration. salmon leaps was presented (Doc. M:11). It was sug­ gested that salmon post-smolt leap from the water to The movements of wild sea trout smolts in the lower orient themselves visually away from land. This visual river and estuary of the river Conwy in North Wales cue would later be used by adults homing during the were presented (Doc. M:43). Sea trout smolts were return migration. Alternate hypotheses were discussed tagged with miniature acoustic transmitters. The migra­ and the feasibility of hypothesis testing was evaluated. tion in fresh water was nocturnal and the movement of smolts through the estuary indicated a selection for ebb A simulation model of the estuarine migration of civ­ tide transport. Smolts migrated seaward close to the elles, Anguilla anguilla, was presented (Doc. M:21). surface and within the fastest moving section of the The model is based on a combination of spatio-temporal water column. Increased salinity did not appear to affect discreteness in the characteristics of the estuarine envi­ the behaviour of the smolts. ronment and the migratory behavior of eels. The model was validated against the CPUE abundance indices from The estuarine movements of sea trout smolts were ana­ daily catch data of commercial fishermen. lysed in Scottish coastal waters (Doc. M:48). On entry into the marine environment, the movements of smolts A synthesis paper dealing with factors affecting up­ were observed by tracking fish fitted with ultrasonic stream and downstream migration in anadromous Euro­ transmitters. The smolts generally remained in shallow pean salmonids and catadromous eel was presented water within 1.5 km of the river mouth. When post­ (Doc. M:31). In .salmonids, downstream migration is smolt migration of sea trout is compared to salmon preceded by changes in hormonal activities and morpho­ smolt migration, marked differences were found. logical and behavioural changes which pre-adapt them Salmon smolts move rapidly away from shore on initial for sea life. Migration occurs mainly during the night. entry into the marine environment, whereas sea trout During downstream migration, smolts pick up environ­ remain inshore. mental cues which are later used for precise homing as adults. Elvers enter fresh water during summer. Down­ Doc. M:17 reported on the return migration of adult stream migration of eels takes place during night time. Atlantic salmon in the coastal waters of western Ice­ land. A group of 60 salmon were tagged using Icelandic Other Business data storage tags and transferred to a marine release site situated 25-95 km from the site of capture. Most of the Dr P. Hutchinson of NASCO made available to the salmon were recaptured after 10 days. The tags meas­ Committee a circular concerning NASCO activities and ured both pressure and temperature. The salmon spent briefly summarized management activities in the most of their time in the top 3 meters of the water col­ NASCO Commissions. Dr W. Ranke of the Interna­ umn. The fish sounded (10-123 m) for short periods of tional Baltic Sea Fisheries Commission informed the time. Future work with fishtagged at sea is planned. Committee of recent management efforts on behalf of

187 Baltic salmon stocks and explained recent changes in to bring forward a blend of perspective articles and case management goals for the resource. studies that would allow for the communication and exchange of ideas and expertise in this important field. The winner of the best ANA CAT Fish Committee paper or poster and the ANACAT entry in the Conference The papers submitted to the session will be peer re­ Best Paper judging were announced. The best viewed for publication in the ICES Journal of Marine ANACAT Fish Committee paper or poster was the Science. poster by I. Kallio-Nyberg and M-L Koljonen (Finland) entitled "Sea migration of pure and hybrid salmon Workshop for 1996 stocks released in the Gulf of Finland" (Doc. M:4). The Committee's nominee to the Conference Best Paper The Committee proposed that a Workshop on the Inter­ judging was by Kocik and Friedland (USA) entitled actions Between Salmon Lice and Salmonids be chaired "Thermal Analyses of Connecticut and Penobscot by A. McVicar, and held from 11-15 November, 1996, River-Ocean Transition Zones for Atlantic Salmon in Edinburgh, Scotland (C.Res.1995/2:57). Smolts: Cues for Re-introducing Stocks" (Doc. M: 19). Theme for 1997 Recommendations The Committee recommended that an ANACAT Fish The Committee considered and endorsed the terms of Committee Theme Session entitled "Salmonid Extinc­ reference for the Working Group on North Atlantic tion: Threats on Local and Global Scales", convened by Salmon, the Joint EIFAC/ICES Working Group on Eel, B. Jonsson (Norway) and R. Waples (USA), be held and the Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working during the 1997 ICES Annual Science Conference. Group, which will all meet during 1996. The Commit­ tee also endorsed the recommendations of the Working Extinction of salmonid fish populations is a pressing Groups. issue in fishery management and environmental protec­ tion. The mechanisms and dynamics at which these ex­ Theme for 1996 tinctions occur is of great interest to the scientific com­ munity because management authorities must often The Committee recommended that an ANACAT Fish make decisions to protect populations that have other, Committee Theme Session entitled "Anadromous and widely felt, impacts. In addition to meeting conservation Catadromous Fish Restoration Programmes: A Time for responsibilities, measures taken to protect natural Evaluation", convened by D. Kimball (USA), P. Roche populations almost invariably impact human activities (France), and E.C.E. Potter (UK), be held during the and economics. The thresholds for minimum viable 1996 ICES Annual Science Conference. population sizes and the conservation of genetic diver­ sity are largely theoretical concepts. However, ideas on There are a multitude of new and on-going restoration these concepts are rapidly evolving and at the center of and rehabilitation activities for many species of the debate on how to protect endangered populations. anadromous and catadromous fish being conducted This is an area of active research in the ICES arena and worldwide. These efforts have facilitated scientific in­ elsewhere; therefore, the exchange of ideas will en­ vestigations that have formed the basis of much of our hance our ability to understand and protect endangered knowledge on anadromous fish life history and migra­ populations. This Theme Session is intended to examine tion. Salmonid species are usually the focus of restora­ the problem of salmon population extinction in the con­ tion activities. However, restorations are rarely single text of contemporary and anticipated management re­ species efforts and involve the re-introduction or en­ gimes. hancement of co-occurring species as well. This ANACAT Fish Committee Theme Session is intended The papers submitted to the session will be peer re­ viewed for publication in the ICES Journal of Marine Science.

DOCUMENTS

M:1 Report of the Joint ICES/EIFAC Working Group on Eel M:2 Withdrawn M:3 W-N Tzeng Effects of salinity gradient and ontogenetic shift on strontium: cal­ cium ratio in otolith of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica Tem­ minck & Schlegel M:4 Poster I. Kallio-Nyberg and M-L Inheritance of sea migration pattern of the Atlantic salmon: a com­ Koljonen parative study among two pure stocks and their and hybrids

188 M:5 Poster I.K.K. Chan and D.K.O Variations in genetic composition of glass eels, Anguilla japonica, Chan collected at different sites and time of the year M:6 Not received M:7 Withdrawn M:8 Not received Ref. J M:9 T. Gudj6nsson Marking and tagging of smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the river Ulfarsa in Southwest Iceland, and their returns in the sports fishery as adult salmon M:10 K. Thorisson and J. Stur­ Postsmolts of ranched Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Iceland: laugsson I. Environmental conditions M:11 K. Thorisson Why does sea-migrating salmon (Salmo salar L.) leap? M:12 K. Thorisson and J. Stur­ Postsmolts of ranched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Iceland: laugsson IV. Competitors and predators M:13 O.T. Skilbrei et al. Effects of pre-release acclimatization period on salmon return rates M:14 Withdrawn M:15 J. Sturlaugsson and K. T6ris- Postsmolts of ranched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Iceland: son II. The first days of the sea migration M:16 J. Sturlaugsson and K. T6ris- Postsmolts of ranched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Iceland: son III. The first food of sea origin M: 17 J. Sturlaugsson and K. T6ris- Migration study on homing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in son coastal waters W-lceland - Depths movements and sea temperatures recorded at migration routes by data storage tags M:18 Withdrawn M:19 J.F. Kocik and K.D. Fried­ Thermal analyses of Connecticut and Penobscot River-Ocean tran­ land sition zones for Atlantic salmon smolts: clues for reintroducing stocks M:20 F-X Cuende et al. Influence of hydrological and climatic conditions on daily catch per Ref. C, D unit effort of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with drift gillnet at the mouth of the Adour river, France M:21 P. Lambert et al. A study of the estuarial migration of civelles (Anguilla anguilla L. , 1758) using individual-based simulation M:22 T. Antonsson et al. Timing of smolt migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Icelandic rivers M:23 6. Karlstrom Salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) production and spawning stocks in Baltic salmon rivers in northern Sweden 1976-94 M:24 Not received M:25 M.J Harvey et al. A physiological examination of smoltification in wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Ireland: Na+/K+ -ATPase activity, succinic dehydrogenase activity, metabolic activity and sea water tolerance M:26 Not received M:27 Asto Romakkaniemi et al. Spatial stock composition of salmon on the basis of tag returns in the northern BothnianBay fishery M:28 Atso Romakkaniemi et al. Wild Baltic salmon stocks: Fecundity and biological reference points concerning their status

189 M:29 Erkki Jokikokko et al. M74-phenomenon and the natural salmon production in the rivers Poster Simojoki and Tornionjoki, the northern Finland M:30 Not received Poster M:31 L.P. Hansen etal. Factors affecting upstream and downstream migration in anadro­ mous European salmonids and catadromous eel M:32 Withdrawn M:33 C Eriksson and E. Ikonen Comparative taggings of salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt with Fin­ Poster nish and Swedish carlin tags and technique M:34 C.K.C. Wong and D.K.O Biochemical changes in the chloride and respiratory cells from the Poster Chan gill epithelium of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, following transfer from freshwaterto seawater M:35 R. Bartel and S. Bontemps Possibility of natural spawning of Vistula Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the Drweca River M:36 J. Domagala and R. Bartel Survival of salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry stocked into small brooks Poster M:37 A.V. Zubchenko Salmon rivers of the Kola Peninsula. Some data on salmon migra­ Poster tions and estimation of marine fishery influence. M:38 A.V. Zubchenko et al. Salmon rivers of the Kola Peninsula. The reproductive potential Poster and the stock status of the Atlantic salmon from the Kola River M:39 A.V. Zubchenko and Yu.A. Salmon Rivers of the Kola Peninsula. Some Pecularities of the At­ Bochkov lantic Salmon Spawner Migrations to the Kola and Tuloma Rivers M:40 A.V. Zubchenko et al. Fishery for and status of Atlantic salmon stock in north-west Russia in 1994 M:41 A.R. Bos Distribution and Transport mechanism of the upstream migrating flounder larvae, Pleuronectes flesus Linaeus 1758, in the tidal Elbe River, Germany M:42 Report of the ICES Compilation of Microtags, Finclip and External Tag Releases in 1994 M:43 A Moore et al. The movements of wild sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) smolts in the lower river and estuary of the river Conwy, North Wales M:44 Withdrawn M:45 G.W. Smith et al. The movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the estuary of the Aberdeenshire Dee in relation to environmental factors: I. Salinity M:46 G.W. Smith and A.O. The movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the estuary Hawkins of the Aberdeenshire Dee in relation to environmental factors: II. water temperature M:47 G.W. Smith and I.P. Smith The movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the estuary of the Aberdeenshire Dee in relation to environmental factors. III Circadian and circatidal patterns of movement M:48 A.D.F. Johnstone et al. The movement of sea trout smolts, Salmo trutta L. on entry to the marine environment

REFERENCE PAPERS: D:10, D:11, D:15, H:14

190 MARINE MAMMALS COMMITTEE (N)

Chairman: Dr H. Benke Rapporteur: Dr G.T. Waring

The Marine Mammals Committee met on Saturday, 23 ther, there was support for papers that fit into ICES September from 14.30-16.00, and on Monday, 25 Sep­ general themes. tember from 14.30-18.00. At the beginning of the meeting, the Chairman thanked the previous Chairman Working and Study Group Reports (Dr A. Bj0rge) for his contributions to the Marine Mammals Committee. The agenda was then adopted as The Study Group on Long-Finned Pilot Whales reports presented. to the Consultative Committee. That group worked by correspondence in 1994, and was scheduled to meet in Committee Business November 1995.

The Chairman reminded members to submit contribu­ The joint ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harp and tions to the Committee's annual scientific compilation Hooded Seals reports to the Advisory Committee on 'Publications of interest to the Marine Mammals Fishery Management; this Working Group met in June Committee' in a timely manner. 1995 in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. In the ab­ sence of the Chairman of this Working Group the pre­ The Chairman noted that two ICES Working Groups vious Chairman (Mr F.O. Kapel) summarised the and one Study Group were concerned with marine Working Group report (Doc. Assess:20). The Working mammals issues. The work undertaken by the three Group met to: 1) assess stock sizes, distributions and groups was reviewed briefly. pup production of harp and hooded seals in the North­ west Atlantic and estimate replacement and sustainable Discussions were held on future Working/Study Groups yields both at present stock sizes and in the long term under the Marine Mammals Committee. Two models under varying options of age compositions in the catch; were proposed and reviewed. Model A would be a sin­ 2) assess the effects on harp and hooded seal popula­ gle group that changes its name, terms of reference and tions of recent environmental changes or changes in members as it focuses on different tasks. Model B food supply and possible interactions with other living would be two or more well-focused groups that address marine resources in the North Atlantic; and 3) provide specific tasks. Several themes for Working/Study proposals for future research programmes. The Work­ Groups were: 1) pollution and disease, 2) population ing Group report was presented to the North Atlantic dynamics, and 3) marine mammal ecology. A decision Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Scientific Committee at on the best model, however, was not made. its June 1995 meeting.

Discussions were held on Theme Sessions and joint The Working Group reviewed Northwest Atlantic harp sessions for the 1996 and 1997 Annual Science Confer­ seal stock structure, catch statistics, population esti­ ences. A joint session with the Fish Capture Committee mates, and biological parameters. The Group noted that on methods to reduce by-catch was supported by the no new information on stock structure was available, Committee. However, it was noted that there may not but tagging studies indicate that some movement be­ be sufficient time for preparation of papers prior to the tween stocks occurs. The Group accepted 4.5 million ASC 1996. Given this timing problem and the large seals and 5 % as the best estimate of current population number of relevant programmes under way in North size and annual growth rate, respectively. Likewise, the America, the Committee proposed that a Theme Session Group accepted 222,000 as the best estimate of the 1996 on By-Catch of Marine Mammals: Gear Technology, harp seal (age 1 + only) replacement harvest. Likewise, Behaviour, and Kill Rates be held at ASC 1997 (see the Group reviewed biological and stock assessment recommendation below). A second Theme Session on information on hooded seals. It was noted that stock biological effects of contaminants on marine mammals, size estimates are not very good because simultaneous with the Marine Environmental Quality Committee, was surveys have not been conducted for the three stock also proposed by several Committee members. How­ areas. The Group noted that there was no recent popu­ ever, it was concluded that the Marine Mammals lation estimate, but based on the 1990 survey, and a Committee did not have sufficient resources to partici­ range of pup production and mortality levels, the best pate in two Theme Sessions. estimates of replacement yield (age 1 + only) was 8,300-55,600. Special topics for ASC 1996 Committee sessions were discussed. Topics suggested were: 1) oceanogra­ The Study Group on Seals and Small Cetaceans in phy/ocean variability, 2) harvest fisheries, and 3) envi­ European Seas reports to the Marine Mammals Com­ ronmental studies, including coastal zone studies. Fur- mittee. That group will meet in Cambridge, UK from 5-

191 8 December 1995. The Chairman of the Study Group The Marine MammalsCommitte e and the Fish Capture summarised the status of that group. He indicated that Committee recommend that: the Terms of Reference forthe group have evolved over time, and there may now be a need to develop study A Theme Session on By-Catch of Marine Mammals: groups to address specific issues. Gear Technology, Behaviour, and Kill Rates be held at the 1997 ICES Annual Science Conference with Drs A. In the absence of the Convenors of the NAFO/ICES Bjmge (Norway), G.T. Waring (USA) (Marine Mam­ Symposium. on the Role of Marine Mammals in the mals Committee) and one representative from the Fish Ecosystem, Dr J. Harwood summarised the Symposium CaptureCommittee as Co-Convenors. report (CM 1995/Gen:8). Four main themes recurred throughout the Symposium. These were: 1) the need to Justification address problems on comparable spatial and· temporal scales, 2) the need to know more about predator-prey • World-wide by-catches of marine mammals are the interactions, 3) the need to consider biological and most important threat to their populations; by­ physical components of the ecosystem, and 4) the need catches of several species of cetaceans, particularly to deal with conflicting advice on marine mammal and harbour porpoises, in the North Atlantic are proba­ fisheriesinteractions. bly higher than is sustainable, notably in the North Sea region and the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine ScientificContributions area;

The Committee reviewed anddiscussed papers on: • entangled marine mammals reduce catchability of fish, damage catch and result in economic loss to - Distribution, abundance and population biology: fisheries; Docs. N:10, N:8, and N:2; • in recent years, national and international organisa­ - Foraging behaviour and foraging ecology: Docs. tions have developed observer programmes, funded N:l, N:12, N:7, N:13, N:6, N:19, N:14, N:15, research on gear and acoustic technology, and im­ N:18; plemented management measures to address by­ catch problems; - Distribution and population biology: Docs. N:20, N:16, N:17. • experience gained from other areas (e.g., Eastern Tropical Pacific), and preliminary results from new Recommendations programmes show that significant improvements can be achieved by combining knowledge on marine Recommendations made and endorsed by the Marine mammals behaviour and gear performance; Mammals Committee are described above under Committee business and Working and Study Group re­ • the proposed Theme Session will draw upon new ports. information that needs to be reviewed in a scientific forum and made available to ICES and other organi­ sations.

DOCUMENTS

N:l A. Bj0rge Comparative habitat use and foraging behaviour of harbour seals and grey seals in westernNorway N:2 P .J. H Reijnders et al. Population development of harbour seals in the Wadden Sea after the 1988 virus epizootic N:3 Poster L. Santiago et al. Marine mammals stranded on the north and northwest coast of Spain in 1994 N:4 Withdrawn N:5 Poster M.B. Santos et al. Diets of sperm whales stranded in Scotland N:6 M.B. Santos et al. Diets of small cetaceans stranded in Scotland 1993-1995 N:7 G. T. Waring andJ. T. Finn Cetacean trophic interactions offthe northeast USA inferred from spa­ tial and temporal co-distribution patterns N:8 Not received

192 N:9 V Martin et al. Records of cetaceans stranded on the Canary Islands coast from 1992 to 1994 N:10 P. Hammond et al. The distribution and abundance of harbour porpoises and other small cetaceans in the North Sea and adjacent waters N: 11 Poster B. Santos et al. Diets of small cetaceans stranded on the Galician coast (NW Spain) N:12 T. Bekkby and A.J. Variation in stomach temperature as indicator of meal size in harbour Bj0rge seal, Phoca vitulina? N:13 D. Pauly et al .. Diet composition and trophic levels of marine mammals N:14 E. Hauksson and V. Food of Harp Seals (Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1777) in Icelandic Bogason Waters, in the period of 1990-1994 N:15 E. Hauksson and V. Occurrences of Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus Erxleben, 1777) Bogason and ringed seal (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) in Icelandic Waters, in the period 1990-1994, with notes on their food N:16 E. Hauksson and V. Occurrence of Hooded Seals ( Cystophora cistata Erxleben, 1777) in Bogason Icelandic Waters, in the period 1989-1994 N:17 E. Hauksson and V. Occurrences of Harp Seals (Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1777) in Bogason Icelandic Waters, in the period 1990-1994 N:18 E. Hauksson and V. Food of Hooded Seals ( Cystophora cristata Erxleben, 1777) Caught in Bogason Icelandic Waters, in the period 1990-1994 N:19 T. Haug et al. Diet and food availability for Northeast Atlantic minke whales Ref. H, L Balaenoptera acutorostrata N:20 I. Martinez et al. Typing of Northeast Atlantic minke whales, Balaenoptera acutoros­ trata, by arbitrary amplification of polymorphic DNA N:21 K-H Kock and H. Benke On the by-catch of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in German fisheries in the Baltic and the North Sea

REFERENCE PAPER: K:12

193

REPORTS OF JOINT COMMITTEE SESSION, THEME SESSIONS, ANDMINI-SYMPOSIUM

JOINT SESSION ON IMPROVING SPECIES SELECTIVITY IN MIXED SPECIES FISHERIES (B+G+H+J+K)

Convenors: Mr E. Aro, Mr R. Fonteyne and Mr 0. Hagstrom Rapporteur: Mr E. Aro

The Joint Session took place on Saturday 23 September It has been shown that there are clear differences in 1995 from 14.30 to 16.00 hrs and was chaired by Mr reaction behaviour between species of fish and also 0. Hagstrom. Mr E. Aro served as Rapporteur. between fish and invertebrates. Observations on species reaction patterns to towed fishing gears made in the past Background 30 years have verified this. Observations and experi­ ments have also confirmed that temperature plays an Many fishing gears catch several species and sizes of fish important role in swimming speed and swimming ability simultaneously in a more or less selective way. This leads of fishand thus affects catchability. Light creates behav­ to two types of interactions, technical interactions and ioural thresholds for target species, fish or invertebrates species interactions. The first of these interactions is of and the correct colouring of fishing gear or gear parts is great importance for short-term management actions and important. Also the visual ability of species influences the second more so for medium- and long-term consid­ their reaction to towed gears and should be taken into erations. Mixed fisheries are considered to be difficult to account. manage. Except for effort reduction, there have been few attempts to apply specific management strategies to mixed Reviewing the progress made in the development of fisheries, the management of which is therefore not well species selective gear in Denmark showed two types of developed. Some scientists claim that mixed fisheries are results. In some cases experiments have led to new in fact inherently unmanageable, but others claim that practices in fishing and commercial fishing fleets have there are large potential gains in improving the selectivity accepted proposed modifications to fishing gears. On both with respect to species and size. the other hand some experiments have led to too com­ plicated systems and have not been accepted. The inser­ This Joint Session was aimed to attract papers on the tion of a sieve net or veil net in the belly of Crangon above issues as well as on the question "how mixed are beam trawl in order to exclude the by-catch of flatfish the mixed fisheries?" and on future research in this field. was accepted by fishermen and is now required by law. To focus discussion, keynote speakers were invited to: Some sorting devices in Nephrops and Pandalus trawls have been adopted by fishermen on voluntary basis and 1. Review present knowledge about fish behaviour in such devices have in fact provided practical benefits by relation to species separation and selectivity in reducing catch sorting. In the Norway pout fisheries mixed fisheries; horizontal separator panels failed to separate Norway 2. Describe on-going research in this field; pout from haddock and whiting and no separation could be achieved using square mesh exit windows in front of 3. Describe available assessment case studies of the the codend. In developing fishing gear selection and benefits, or otherwise, of changing selectivity in sorting properties the involvement of fishermen is nec­ mixed fisheries; essary. In general acceptance by fishermen is more eas­ 4. Review discarding practices in mixed fisheries. ily achieved if devices are simple and cheap and if they also have catch sorting properties. In the Call for papers, further contributions on these sub­ jects were welcomed. The development of a species-selective bottom trawl separating cod from haddock and secondarily from Presentations saithe in the Norwegian commercial roundfish fishery has been successful. In the sorting system about 90 % of In his opening remarks Mr O. Hagstrom reviewed the haddock are divided into the upper codend and on aver­ origin and the background of the Joint Session. He ob­ age 71 % of cod to the lower codend and 72 % of saithe served, that the number of contributions was much to the upper codend. In general the implementation of lower than originally expected and that in all only five the system with light modifications in the Norwegian papers would be presented, because two papers had groundfish fisheries has been rather easy and those fish­ been withdrawn. The Chairman pointed out that, for ermen who use this kind of selective bottom trawl find example in stock assessment, the role of mixed species it acceptable. fisheries and species selectivity is very important and that it should be taken into account in the future. In mixed fisheries for mackerel, horse mackerel and herring the development and use of a more selective The major conclusions arising from the presentations mid-water trawl has not been successful so far. Species and discussions are summarised as follows: separation especially in the case of large catches is far

197 from complete. In some cases, however, separation Discarding of the year class is highest in the fourth seems to work to some extent with herring and mack­ quarter of the year and the first quarter of the succeed­ erel versus other species such as sprat, Norway pout ing year. and horse mackerel. The Chairman of the Fish Capture Committee (Mr R. Discarding rates of cod in the German Bight roundfish Fonteyne) summarised and highlighted the results, trawl fishery correlate significantly with the numbers of findings and conclusions at the end of the Joint Session. recruits. The total discarding rate of cod was estimated The Joint Session was attended by 60 persons. to be in the order of one per mille of the year class.

DOCUMENTS B+G+H+J+K:1 A. Engas and C.W. West Development of a species-selective trawl for demersal gadoid fisheries B+G+H+J+K:2 D. Wileman Review of the progress made in Denmark in the devel­ opment of species selective gears B+G+H+J+K:3 C.S. Wardle A review of fish behaviour in relation to species separa­ tion and selectivity in mixed fisheries B+G+H+J+K:4 Not received B+G+H+J+K:5 B. van Marlen Recent developments in selective mid-water trawling EC­ project TE-3-613 (SELMITRA) B+G+H+J+K:6 W. Weber Estimation of cod discards caused by the fishery on roundfish in the German Bight 1982-1994 B+G+H+J+K:7 Not received

198 THEME SESSION ON THE ECOLOGICAL AND FISHERIES IMPLICATIONS OF BALLAST WATER (0)

Co-Sponsored by The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

Convenor: Prof. J.T. Carlton Rapporteur: Ms J. Kelly

The Theme Session was held on Thursday 21 Septem­ ICES Concerns with the Ballast Water Issue ber from 11.30 to 18.00. Seventeen papers and posters representing eight countries and the IMO were pre­ ICES had noted the role of ballast water in exotic spe­ sented at the first international scientific meeting ad­ cies invasions as early as the 1970s through its Working dressing the role of ballast discharge in the introduction Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organ­ of non-native (exotic, alien, non-indigenous) species, isms (WGITMO). At its meeting in 1988, WGITMO with special focus on ecological and fisheries implica­ drew specific attention to ballast water (CM tions. The Theme Session immediately followed the 1988/F:20). Open Lecture by Prof. J.T. Carlton on "Ballast Water: The Ecological Roulette of Marine Biological Inva­ "That attention be drawn to the dangers re­ sions". sulting from the increasing international movement of water as ballast in cargo ves­ Background sels, and the subsequent accidental intro­ duction of exoticfishes and zooplankton (as Since the 1980s, ballast water and associated sediments in the NorthAmerican Great Lakes) and the have become increasingly recognised as the most impor­ potential accidental introduction of exotic tant modem vectors for the transoceanic and interoce­ phytoplankton (such as species that may anic transport of neritic (shallow-water coastal) organ­ cause toxic blooms) and ICES member isms, in particular those species associated with the es­ countries be urged to examine this critical tuarine ecosystems typical of many ports and harbours. problem, to determine the scale of this activ­ Although biogeographers and ecologists recognised that ity in their countries, and to consider control many species invasions within the last two decades measures (such as the exchange of harbour could be linked to ballast water, it was not until several (port, estuarine, bay) water for ocean water high impact invasion events occurred in the late 1980s on the high seas)." that new levels of interest occurred in the science and management of ballast water. In 1990 a special "Study Group" on ballast water was convened in association with the WGITMO meeting in The appearance of several species of North Pacific toxic Halifax, Nova Scotia, and a report was issued. dinoflagellates in southern Australia, known as sative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), a human Increasing concern and increasing numbers of invasions illness previously unknown in Australia. in Europe, the United States, Australia, and elsewhere The appearance of six species of Eurasian invertebrates lead to the convening of this Theme Session at the 1995 and fish in the Great Lakes of Canada and the United ICES Annual Science Conference. States, including the zebra mussel Dreissena polymor­ pha, a fouling organism which has cost industry hun­ Theme Session dreds of millions of dollars, and the ruffe Gymnocepha­ lus cernua, whose introduction has caused the precipi­ The Theme Session was opened by Dr J.T. Carlton, tous decline of all resident small fish populations in Convenor, accompanied by remarks from Dr M. Nauke southernLake Superior. of the IMO (London) and from Dr H.O. Enevoldsen of the IOC's Centre on Harmful Algae (Copenhagen). Ms The appearance of the American comb jellyfish Mne­ J. Doyle presented the paper for Ireland in the absence miopsis leidyi in the Black and Azov Seas, and the sub­ of Dr D. Minchin and Mr J. Sheehan; Dr B. Howell sequent decimation of the already declining anchovy presented the paper for England and Wales in the ab­ fisheries of that region. sence of Dr I. Laing, and Dr G .. Rigby presented the paper for Japan in the absence of Captain T. Ikegami. All of these invasions were linked to the release of bal­ Ms J. Kelly served as Theme Session Rapporteur. The last water and sediments. Convenor noted and thanked Australia, New Zealand, and Japan for their participation, which thus permitted

199 review of this subject in a truly global fashion. In addi­ and the actual source of the ballast water. Further, ses­ tion to the research and management programmes pre­ sion participants emphasised the need for national sented by IMO, Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, documentation of ballast discharge by the appropriate Japan, New Zealan<;l, the United Kingdom and the authorities of the ballast activity. United States, additional remarks were made from the floor by Sweden on their research efforts. The Theme Sampling Design: Improved Understanding of the Session covered the biology and ecology of ballast wa­ Complexities Involved ter transport, potential control and management ap­ proaches, relationships between ballast water and It was suggested that the variety of ship designs, the mariculture, policy initiatives relative to economic the­ diversity of ballast tank design and within-tank configu­ ory, and the application of quantitative risk assessment rations, and ballast discharge patterns may contribute to to ballast water management. Plans are underway to misinterpretation of sample data. The collection and publish the Theme Session papers, listed below. analysis of water and sediment samples should be fol­ lowed by verification of discharge activity so that as­ Major Points, Findings, and Conclusions of the sumptions about discharge are avoided. Further, it was Theme Session noted that there may be water from different sources aboard a single ship, held in different tanks or mixed Theme session participants were asked to specifically within a tank. identify what they considered to be the most important research questions and priorities for future work. These Identification of Regional Hot Spots recommendations along with selected contributions from Theme Session presentations are outlined here. The identification of "hot spots" was regarded as an important goal. In this respect, countries should provide International Co-ordination, Collaboration and timely notification of outbreaks, resurgences, blooms, Communication and other episodes involving potentially harmful, un­ wanted, and nuisance species that may be transported by A major theme was the pressing need for immediate vessels. This may include the presence of a relatively international co-ordination of the many independent new successful invasion which could potentially be research programmes currently underway in order to picked up and further transported by vessels. The World reduce duplication in research efforts. There was an Health Organization (WHO) global network for human additional call for international joint research projects disease outbreak notification is suggested as a model (e.g., two countries sampling the same ships at each end system. of a voyage, or multiple countries sampling the same ship as it sailed around the world). All participants ex­ Increasing Awareness of the Presence of Cholera and pressed a strong desire to continue communication Other Bacteria in Ballast within this group by way of regularly issued newsletters or via an e-mail network. The United States, Australia, Germany, and other countries noted recent research that has established the In addition, it was noted that countries that do not yet presence of cholera bacteria in ballast water. The pos­ have research programmes on ballast water should be sible linkage of ballast-mediated transport to the global encouraged to collaborate with other regional pro­ increase in cholera epidemics in susceptible nations was grammes already underway. While IMO is assisting in proposed as a reason to increase awareness by research­ the co-ordination of ballast control strategies among ers for this and other known pathogens in ballast sys­ nations of the world, ICES is in an ideal position to tems. assist in the co-ordination of research efforts within ICES Member Countries as well as offering similar Research on Ballast Water Biology and the Diversity assistance elsewhere. of Ballast Environments

Standardisation of Sampling Methodology and Data Further research is required on the diversity of aquatic Collection (freshwater, brackish water, and marine) organisms being transported over different spatial and temporal Standardisation of sampling methods (types of plankton scales, as well as on the range of environmental condi­ sampling devices used, whole water sampling methods, tions (salinity, temperature, oxygen, nutrients, and so benthic and sediment sampling methods, ballast access, forth) and their changes during a voyage transit, in dif­ experimental techniques) was considered a major goal. ferent types of ballast tanks, and in different types of Particular attention was paid to the need to standardise tanks on the same vessel. the means by which ballast is calculated, distinguishing the three different categories of ballast capacity from Research on Control Methods ballast actually carried from ballast discharged, and the Session participants expressed the need for continuing need for distinguishing between last port of call (LPOC) research to develop long-term effective control tech-

200 nologies. On-going research on open ocean exchange, Identification of Species as Introduced, and Identifi­ heat treatment, filtration, and chemical treatment, as cation of Ballast Water as the Transport Vector well as exploring specific uptake-release management scenarios, such as the identification of hot spots, port Session participants noted that the identification of cer­ incompatibility (for example, the release of polar water tain species as being unequivocally introduced (such as in a tropical port) and real-time decisions on ballasting many dinoflagellate species) was difficult; session par­ during algal blooms are also strongly supported. It was ticipants also noted that reliably identifying ballast water emphasised that in the long run a variety of control and as the sole transport vector for certain species may also management options will be required as part of a larger be difficult (as opposed to transport as fouling organ­ "tool kit". isms on a ship's hull). It was noted that species should be more clearly treated as either native, introduced, or Definition and Understanding of the Meaning of cryptogenic, the latter being a category of species "Compliance" with Ballast Regulations whose endemic versus exotic status is not known (distinguishing a cryptogenic species from a known na­ Most existing ballast management programmes propose tive species). It was further noted that the concept of the the use of open ocean exchange ( exchanging coastal ship as a total "biological island" should be more thor­ water with open ocean water) as a recommended oughly addressed, with the realisation that at any one method for minimising the introduction of non-native time a ship may carry living organisms in ballast water organisms. While a number of studies have identified and sediments, in its sea chests (the inlets in the vessel the percentage of ships that have "complied" with this where water is taken in), in anchor chain lockers, as regulation, it is increasingly clear that compliance must well as on the hull. In addition, it was felt necessary to be measured in a quantitative manner (how much water keep ballast and other ship-related vectors in perspective was exchanged) instead of a qualitative manner ("yes" relative to alternative pathways for introductions such as or "no"). mariculture, the movement of species for direct human consumption, and the movement of bait worms and The Relationship between Mariculture and Ballast seaweed for packing. Water Introductions The Use of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) It was noted that mariculture operations are increasingly Techniques regulated to prevent the accidental introduction of pathogens and unwanted species, unlike ballast opera­ QRA is an iterative and educational process that permits tions which remain largely unregulated. In many in­ the identification of detailed steps in ballast and invasion stances mariculture facilities are located in the same processes and the identification of the level of risk as­ coastal ecosystems which are inundated by the release sociated with each invasion. It would be valuable to of species released in ballast water. It was felt that undertake a detailed case study of one or more species mariculturists would have an increasingly difficult time applying the methods of QRA in order to expand our underwriting their efforts to control species invasions understanding of the use of these techniques in ballast and associated environmental impacts if other vectors water management. leading to species invasions remained uncontrolled. Further, considerable concern was expressed relative to Linkage with Biodiversity Issues the potential impact of ballast-mediated introductions on mariculture operations themselves such as the introduc­ Species invasions are known to significantly impact tion of competitors, predators, and pathogens. Unregu­ biodiversity through competition, predation, and distur­ lated ballast operations may also influence the sitings of bance, altering both the diversity and abundance of the new mariculture operations. native biota. Recent international policy efforts aimed at addressing biodiversity issues provide an additional The Need for Increased Attention to International venue for exposure forthe issue of ballast introductions. (lntracoastal) Transfers of Exotic Species International and National Co-ordination with Sys­ The need for research on the role of ballast water and tematic Biology shipping in the movement of established introductions along a country's coastline, or between adjacent coun­ As an increasing number of countries recognise the tries, was identified. Most efforts to date have conce:µ.0 need to undertake ballast research, there exists a grow­ trated on the arrival of foreign ballast water, although ing demand for "global taxonomic expertise". Session increasing evidence suggests that coastal traffic may participants suggested the need for a network of tax­ also play an important role in the translocation of spe­ onomists including those experienced in the analysis of cies. ballast samples who would be willing to participate in ballast studies.

201 The Need for Education Programs last water issues for several years. It was felt that the time was right for bringing the groups together to for­ The issues and challenges associated with ballast and mulate joint strategies. ballast management should be incorporated into broader public and industry educational programmes. Australia, Summary and Action Plan Canada, and the United States have established educa­ tional programs, ranging from wallet-size cards to leaf­ It was agreed that this, the first international scientific lets to videos, that could provide model systems for meeting on ballast water biology and management, had other nations. more than successfully reached its goal of bringing all research groups together to discuss communication, Joint Working Group of IMO, IOC, and ICES on collaboration, and standardisation. Continued corre­ Ballast Water Introductions spondence was considered of the utmost importance. Cross-comparison of sampling strategies, data collection It was noted that the IOC has proposed that a JOlllt methods, and data analyses were emphasised as key working group, consisting of IMO, IOC, and ICES items of international co-operation. The continued joint members, be convened to discuss mutual interests of association of ICES, IMO, and IOC in establishing an ballast water as a vector in the release of harmful algae overview and co-ordination of ballast water issues was as well as other organisms. IMO already has in place a seen as an important goal, with an eye toward identify­ Working Group on Ballast Water under its Marine En­ ing the need for a joint Study Group on Ballast Water. vironment Protection Committee; IOC noted in June The ballast issue was considered to be critical in terms 1995 in Paris its growing interest and involvement with of ICES involvement on the impacts of human activities the ballast issue; and ICES has been involved with bal- on coastal fisheries and coastal zone management.

DOCUMENTS

0:1 D. Minchin and J. The significance of ballast water in the introduction of exotic marine or­ Sheehan ganisms to Cork Harbour, Ireland 0:2 I. Laing Ballast water discharge into coastal waters of England and Wales 0:3 K. Hayes Ecological risk assessment for ballast water introductions 0:4 R.E. Thresher and Reducing the impact of ship-borne marine introductions: focal objectives R.B. Martin and development of Australia's new centre for research on introduced ma­ rine pests 0:5 Poster D. Gauthier and D. A. A synopsis of the Canadian situation regarding ship-transported ballast Steel water 0:6 Not received 0:7 Not received 0:8 M. Nauke Provisions for the control and management of ballast water to minimize the transfer of harmfulaquatic organisms and pathogens 0:9 Not received 0:10 E.M. Macdonald Dinoflagellate resting cysts and ballast water discharges in Scottish ports 0:11 G. Rigby and A.H. Ballast water: Its impact can be managed Taylor 0:12 Not received 0:13 S. Gollasch et al Non-indigenous organisms introduced via ship's into German waters 0:14 R.M. Gaudiosi Ballast water management - an integrated approach 0:15 G. Hallegraeff Transport of toxic dinoflagellates via ships' ballast water: An interim re­ view 0:16 B. Hayden A New Zealand perspective on ballast water 0:17 H. Gollamudi and A. Policy incentives to prevent introduction of non-indigenous species via Randall shipping

202 THEME SESSION ON CAUSES OF OBSERVED VARIATIONS IN FISH GROWTH (P)

Convenor: Dr S. Sundby Rapporteur: Dr S. Sundby

The Theme Session was held on Monday 25 September a vertically wide range; particularly the fish seem to 1995, 09.00-13.00 hrs. There were 12 papers prepared move deeper as they age. This will affect length-age for the session of which 10 were orally presented. The data collection as does the selectivity of fishing gear authors of the last two papers were unfortunately not employed at these depths. Analysis of growth rates ob­ able to attend to present their contributions. tained from tag-recapture data shows that sablefish growth off the West Coast is retarded by El Nifio Background Southern Oscillation effects (ENSO). Dr Kimura also emphasised that one should be cautious not to interpret The Theme Session was designedto cover one of the very correlation between fish growth and environmental fac­ old issues in fisheries research: what causes variations in tors as causal when the environmental factor might be a fish growth? Today, advances in multi-species modelling proxy for other parameters. For example, increased and in laboratory studies emphasize that variation in fish upwelling at the Californian coast is found to be corre­ growth is a composite problem with multiple causes. Prey lated with sablefish growth but most probably not be­ concentration and quality, as well as environmental fac­ cause of enhanced feeding in the upwelling area, but tors (e.g. temperature and light) together influence because of migration of the larger Alaska Sablefish to growth. Genetic variability is also a potential source of the West Coast. differences in growth. The enhanced quality of time se­ ries of environmental and fisheries data may enable us to Five of the other presentations considered growth of improve correlative studies, and form hypotheses about Atlantic cod. Dr Steve Walsh presented a paper by Pe­ basic processes to be tested in the laboratory. ter Shelton and George Lilly on factors influencing weight at age of cod off eastern Newfoundland. They The intention of the Theme Session was to focus on indi­ found that a non-decadal scale cycle in the areal extent vidual as well as population growth. In the Call for Pa­ of the "Cold Intermediate Layer" (CIL) is inversely pers, contributions were welcomed from within the fields correlated with cod growth in the Labrador and New­ of multispecies modelling, experimental studies in the foundland Shelf. The cod on the Grand Banks seem to laboratory and mesocosms, climate studies, and analysis display a different growth pattern from the cod popula­ of time series. tions to the north. Also, these two areas seem to be dif­ ferent with respect to density dependence. The popula­ Presentations tions in the cold northern regions show no density de­ pendence, while the Grand Banks cod does show this. Prof. M. Jobling and Dr D. Kimura had been invited to The influence of capelin biomass on cod growth seems give keynote lectures. Prof.M. Jobling gave a lecture on to be less clear than in the Barents Sea. the basic influence of ambient temperature on individual fish growth and how temperature influences conversion In a paper by N.L. Shackell, K.T. Frank, W.T. Stobo efficiency. The fact that metabolic rate in fishes contin­ and D. Brickman, cod growth on the Scotian Shelf and ues to increase above temperatures where the ingestion adjacent areas was analysed. The paper was presented rate peaks, results in the optimum temperature for by Dr Kenneth Frank. The analysis was made from two growth being considerably lower than the optimal in­ periods: 1956-1966 with a cold ocean climate and 1978- gestion rate temperature. There is increasing evidence 1985 with a warmer climate. There is a large geo­ that high-latitude populations living in colder water graphical variation in temperatures for the different sub­ grow faster than low-latitude populations when they are regions considered, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to both exposed to equal temperatures. There are also re­ the Bay of Fundy. Regional growth differences reflected ports that growth rate may be accelerated by a fluctuat­ the regional hydrographic regime. Fish tagged in both ing temperature when the fluctuations are below the the Gulf of St. Lawrence and theCentral Scotian Shelf optimum; a fluctuating temperature will reduce the did not grow more slowly in the colder period than the growth rate compared to a constant temperature. Prof. warmer, whereas fish tagged in Sidney Bight and the M. Jobling gave examples of how these relations change Bay of Fundy did. when the fish have limited access to food. Mr J.-D. Dutil presented a paper by himself and his co­ Dr D. Kimura used the populations of sablefish in the author Dr Y. Lambert on potential bias in growth rate Gulf of Alaska/North Pacific to demonstrate that the measurements associated with different mortality of cod observed growth variations can be explained by a set of in poor condition. They considered date from the various factors of which some may be artefacts due to Northern Gulf of St Lawrence. They compared labora­ selectivity of fishing gear. Sablefish are distributed over tory-reared with wild cod and found that the growth rate

203 of cod in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence has most distribution of zooplankton as the production of it pro­ probably been overestimated in recent years due to an gresses northwards. The length and weight of capelin increased rate of natural mortality among adult indi­ are positively correlated with plankton density. The viduals in poor condition. The ambient temperature in strongest relationships were found between one year old this region is among the lowest for Atlantic cod habi­ capelin and the smallest plankton and between three tats, and the growth rate of the cod is similarly low. year-old capelin and the largest size fraction of plank­ During the last year there has been an exceptionally ton. cool ocean climate in the Canadian Atlantic. Growth rate of cod in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence is lim­ Dr M. Kerstan presented his paper "Seasonal uncou­ ited by either low temperature or low food availability pling of otolith and somatic growth in South African not only in winter when negative growth talces place, pilchard and its applications". The monthly means of but also in summer when cod have to recover from poor individual standard length/otolith length ratios were condition.. used as a relative measure of somatic growth perform­ ance. Somatic growth rates exceeded otolith growth In a paper on growth of Arcto-Norwegian cod in de­ rates until midsummer and decreased after that. The pendence of environmental conditions and feeding by annual patterns of change in standard length/otolith Dr U.K. Ozhigin, Dr V.L. Treyalc, Dr N.A. Yaragina length ratios correspond well with the wind velocity and Dr V.A. Iushin, presented by Dr N.A. Yaragina, pattern. For example, the 1993/94 year class of pilchard there was found a significant correlation between cod displayed higher standard length/otolith length ratios in length and water temperature and cod length and capelin 1994, which coincided with higher wind velocities. The abundance. Temperature contributed more to the length correspondence between standard length/otolith length variance than capelin, whereas year-to-year changes in ratios and monthly sea surface temperature means was weight are caused by capelin abundance more than by wealcer than with a temperature index synonymous with water temperature. upwelling intensity. In conclusion, the upwelling with its increased production of plankton is the causal link to Dr T. Doan presented a comparison of otolith structure increased growth rate of South African pilchard. and biochemical index (RNA/DNA Ratio) of early lar­ val cod. (The paper was written by Dr C. Clemmesen Summary and Dr T. Doan). It was shown that the radius of the left and right otoliths was often different, but that the The Theme Session presented some of the processes in number of daily rings was equal. Until day 10 after the comprehensive problem of causes of variations in hatching, when these larval were still feeding on their fish growth. The key note lectures gave an overview of yolk, the external food situation did not affect the in­ how temperature influences basic functional processes crement width of the otolith on the RNA/DNA ratios. of individual fish growth, and how observed variation in In larvae older than 10 days the widths of the daily in­ the field can be due to artifacts caused by selectivity of crements were dependent on the nutritional situation and the sampling gear. Five of the contributions considered the RNA/DNA ratios decreased in starving larvae in growth of Atlantic cod. Temperature was a central fac­ comparison to feeding larvae. tor in these papers, which all considered cod stocks living at the low range of temperature. The last three papers considered growth of polar cod, capelin and South African pilchard, respectively. Dr J. Both the Canadian cod stocks and the Barents Sea stock Schou Christiansen presented his paper on food con­ are strongly influenced by the ambient temperature sumption and growth rate variations in male and female conditions and they all show growth with decadal varia­ cod. Polar cod collected in the Pechora Sea was reared tions. However, the causal link between growth rate and in the laboratory formore than two years. It was kept at temperature is still unclear. Temperature certainly in­ a constant temperature of O °C. The growth experiment fluences growth rate directly at these rather low envi­ started with male polar cod of 17 g and female of 21 g. ronmental temperatures, but most probably the varia­ The males stopped growing after 400 days, reaching a tions are increased due to indirect effects of temperature weight of about 55 g, while the females continued to through the general influence of the zooplankton pro­ grow, although at a decreasing rate, reaching 85 g after duction. One paper on capelin growth in the Barents Sea 700 days when the experiment was terminated. indicated that variations in fish growth are strongly in­ fluenced by the zooplankton production. Also, the The paper "Growth of capelin in relation to zooplankton growth variation in South African pilchard indicates that biomass in the Barents Sea" by Mr H. Gj0sreter, Mr the variations in zooplankton production, induced by H.R. Skjoldal and Mr A. Hassel was presented by Mr upwelling is more important than the temperature varia­ H.R. Skjoldal. Growth of capelin in the Barents Sea tion itself, and it points to the importance of understand­ shows large interannual and interregional growth vari­ ing the influence of ocean climate variations on ability. During summer schools of capelin migrate zooplankton productivity. northwords in the Barents Sea eating their way through

204 DOCUMENTS

P:1 N. L. Schackell et al. Cod (Gadus morhua) growth between 1956 and 1966 compared to growth between 1978 to 1985, on the Scotian Shelf and adjacent areas P:2 Withdrawn P:3 D.K. Kimura Variation in the growth of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the North­ east Pacific Ocean P:4 M. Jobling The influence of environmental temperature on growth and conversion efficiency in fish P:5 H. Gj0sreter et al. Growth of capelin in relation to zooplankton biomass in the Barents Sea P:6 M. Kerstan Seasonal uncoupling of otolith and somatic growth in South African pil­ chard (Sardinops Sagax) and its applications P:7 J-D Dutil and Y. Lam- Potential bias in growth rate measurements associated with differential bert mortality of cod in poor condition: the case of cod in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence P:8 Withdrawn P:9 J. Schou Christiansen Food consumption and growth rate variations in male and female polar cod (Boreogadus saida) P:10 V.K. Ozhigin et al. Growth of Arcto-Norwegian cod in dependence of environmental condi­ tions and feeding P:11 M.S. Shevelev Regularities of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor Olafsen) growth P:12 M.V. Kovtsova Changes in growth and maturation of the Barents Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) in 70s-90s P:13 C. Clemmesen and T. Does the otolith structure reflect the nutritional condition of a fish larva? Doan - a comparison of otolith structure and biochemical index (RNA/DNA ratio) determined on cod larvae P:14 P.A. Shelton et al. Factors influencing weight at age of cod off eastern Newfoundland (NAFO Divisions 2J + 3KL)

205 THEME SESSION ON INTERMEDIATE-SCALE PROCESSES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE TRANSPORT AND FOOD ENVIRONMENT OF FISH (Q)

Convenor: Dr B.R. MacKenzie and Dr F.E. Werner Rapporteur: Dr L.S. lncze

The Theme Session was held on Friday, 22 September 1. Models are now capable of reproducing realistic from 09.00 to 16. 30 hrs. There were 17 papers pre­ details of intermediate-scale features such as fronts, sented orally and five posters displayed. Six of the pa­ eddies and meanders. Furthermore, visualisation pers focused primarily on modelling or theoretical con­ techniques have developed nicely and offer helpful siderations, the rest were based on field data or a mix­ tools for thinking about time-dependent changes in ture of data and modelling. A follow-up discussion sec­ the distribution of oceanic conditions and organisms. tion was held Saturday from 10.30 to 12.00 and was However, we need to better define objective criteria attended by about 20 people. for evaluating the "goodness-of-fit" of a model's output forthese features. Background 2. It was agreed that thinking about intermediate-scale Physical processes are recognised as being important in processes has lead to meaningful progress in our un­ producing, aggregating, and dispersing food organisms derstanding of the oceans and coastal seas. How­ required by various stages of important fish species (e.g. ever, there are non-linear linkages between proc­ cod, mackerel, horse mackerel). There is presently a gap esses at small intermediate and large scales. There­ in knowledge as to how these processes, which take place fore, consideration of processes at intermediate at intermediate scales (meters to kilometers) affect fish scales in isolation could lead to an incomplete de­ biology, including recruitment. Intermediate-scale physi­ scription and understanding of factors affecting re­ cal features (e.g. tidal fronts, shelf break fronts, upwel­ cruitment of fish populations. ling filaments, Langmuir cells, thermoclines) represent an additional research opportunity for studies involving both 3. While models have become good at producing in­ new field and theoretical investigations and retrospective termediate scale physical features and biological data analyses. One aim of the Theme Session was to distributions, they need further development to in­ stimulate discussion and collaboration between physical corporate the small-scale processes that affect bio­ and biological oceanographers. logical-physical interactions. This would improve on theability to predict biological rates, such as growth The Call for Papers for the Theme Session welcomed and survival, associated with intermediate-scale oral and poster presentations that demonstrated how features. physical and biological mechanisms influence the trans­ port and food environment of all stages of fish. Studies 4. There is a need to quantify the potential contribution which described new approaches for sampling physical of intermediate-scale physical processes to larval and biological patterns at intermediate scales were also survival. Previous sampling succeeded in identifying welcomed.. the presence of these features; now we can advance our understanding by developing spatially explicit, The Session and its Conclusions statistical descriptions of oceanographic processes and larval survival inside and outside of them. In the Call for Papers, intermediate-scale physical proc­ esses were defined as those such as thermoclines, tidal 5. Participants recognised there was little known about fronts, and upwelling episodes. These processes are part the role of behaviour and body size in controlling of the environmental matrix of events that affect popu­ distributions of organisms compared to physical lations of marine organisms; most papers did not deal controls. As a corollary, it was recognised that the exclusively with processes at intermediate scales (1-100 advection and migration of predators needs further km in horizontal extent, several meters in the vertical, thought. and 1 to a few days in the temporal domain), but tried to make ties with it. 6. There was some discussion about continued use of the term "intermediate-scale" because it was consid­ A list of the titles of the various papers and posters pre­ ered to have an ambiguous meaning to some ocean­ sented is included at the end of this report. ographers. The term "mesoscale" was suggested, but it was argued that this did not include all of the The following points emerged from the presentations processes of interest to the group, such as Langmuir and the discussion section on Saturday 23 September: cells and tidal fronts.

206 Based on the discussions and presentations, the group amples of physical processes of interest include mesos­ concluded that there was substantial progress being cale eddies and meanders, tidal fronts, up-welling epi­ made in the modelling and interpretation of processes sodes, Langmuir circulations and the passage of storms. taking place at intermediate scales. The group therefore It is expected that this Theme Session will give momen­ strongly encourages ICES to convene a follow-up tum to the ICES Symposium on "The Role of Physical Theme Session at the 1996 Annual Science Conference. and Biological Processes in the Recruitment Dynamics The topic of this Theme Session should address linkages of Marine Populations" to be held in 1997. between physical processes and fish recruitment. Ex-

DOCUMENTS

Q:1 T. Osborn Larval feeding and survival: the role of turbulence Q:2 Poster A. Corten et al. Hydrographic variablity in the southern North Sea and its effect on the fish community Q:3 Withdrawn Q:4 E. Wolanski and P. Fate of coral and fish larvae around coral reefs Doherty Q:5 M.A. St. John et al. The influence of hydrographic processes on plankton distribution and production in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea Q:6 Withdrawn Q:7 H. Nakata et al. The tidal front and eddy in Osaka Bay: Its implication for distribution and survival of fish larvae Q:8 S. Skreslet Spawning of Calanus finmarchius related to meso-scale environmental structures in Norwegian shelf break front Q:9 Poster J .Laanemets et al. Fine scale intrusions: one link in the chain of nutrient transport Q:10 J.E. Beyer Functional heterogeneity: using the interrupted poisson process (IPP) model unit in addressing how food aggregation may affect fish ration Q:11 Withdrawn Q:12 A.J Hermann et al. Interannual variability of mesoscale eddies and patchiness of young wall­ eye pollock as inferred from a spatially explicit,- individual-based model Q:13 S. Kimura et al. Biological productivity of meso-scale eddies caused by frontal distur­ bances in the Kuroshio Q:14 Poster N.V. Mukhina et Influence of the oceanographic fields on the abundance and distribution of al. Sebastes mentella from the Barents Sea stock and of Arcto-Norwegian cod at early life history Q:15 D.G. Reid et al. Cross-shelf processes north of Scotland in relation to the southerly mi­ gration of western mackerel Q:16 Not received

Q:17 Poster N. Bailey et al. The influence of hydrographic factors on Nephrops distribution and biol­ ogy Q:18 P.J.S. Franks New models for the exploration of biological processes at fronts Q:19 G. Harding et al. Studies on the effect of the frontal zone on the Northern face of Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, on larval lobster and plankton distribution Q:20 Withdrawn Q:21 Poster L.S. Incze et al. Turbulence-modified profiles of feeding conditions for larval cod (Gadus morhua) on Georges Bank during spring

207 Q:22 B. MacKenzie and Patchiness of plankton and abiotic variables: at what scales and turbu­ M. St. John lence levels do distributions differ? Q:23 P. Munk The concentration of larval cod and its prey in the zone of a hydrographic front Q:24 Withdrawn

Q:25 E. Svendson et al. Variability of the drift patterns of spring spawned herring larvae and the transport of water along the Norwegian shelf Q:26 F.E. Werner et al. Larval trophodynamics, turbulence, and drift on Georges Bank: A sensi­ tivity analysis of cod and haddock Q:27 Not received

208 THEME SESSION ON MARICULTURE: UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS (R)

Convenors: Dr R.H. Cook, Mr S. Carlberg, Dr M. Heral, Prof. T. Osborn Rapporteur: Prof. H. Ackefors

The Theme Session was held on Saturday 23 September Presentations from 14.30 to 18.00. The session comprised of 8 papers (2 papers on the list were not presented). The Theme The Chairman, Dr. R.H. Cook, introduced the subject Session was chaired by Dr R.H. Cook. and referred to the two ICES Workshops which took place this year: Workshop on "Principles and Practical Background Measures for the Interaction of Mariculture and Fisher­ ies in Coastal Area Planning and Management", which Mariculture in the coastal zone raises many questions was held in July 1995 in Kiel and Workshop on regarding the potential interactions with the biological, "Modelling Environmental Interactions in Mariculture", chemical and physical environment as well as the other which was held in September 1995, in Bedford, Can­ users of coastal resources. The nature of such interactions ada. vary on whether the cultured species are finfish or shell­ fish, the type of mariculture practised and the traditional Prof. H. Rosenthal presented a lecture under the title uses of coastal areas including recreation, navigation, "Strategic Planning Workshop" (R:8). Prof. Rosenthal urban development and the harvest fisheries. Environ­ referred to the rapid development of aquaculture in the mental conditions have a controlling influence on whether world from about 12% of the total aquatic harvest in mariculture is possible and can become economically 1987 to 20% in 1992. He gave a comprehensive over­ viable. Chemical or microbiological pollution, physical view of the whole area from the well established old disruption or frequent exposure to harmful algal blooms vallicoultura system in the Mediterranean area to the in mariculture areas may severely limit or even curtail intensive aquaculture systems in the coastal zone of development. Alternatively, the inputs from and activities Europe and elsewhere. He emphasised the interactions associated with mariculture operations on the marine en­ between aquaculture and other activities in the coastal vironment can have adverse effects without proper man­ zone and the need foraquaculture to take a leading role, agement. The purpose of this Theme Session is to place when coastal planning activities are undertaken. He mariculture in an environmental context to explore the referred to the Norwegian LENKA system and the influences of the environment that impinge on mariculture MOM model and the Canadian system for integrating and, at the same time, the effects that mariculture has on aquaculture with other industries in the coastal zone. the environment. Many topics were touched. Among the most serious During the past decade, the environmental effects of ones were the ballast water problems. Recently discov­ mariculture have been described in terms of nutrient eries have been made which shows that ballast water loading, oxygen budgets, benthic effects, holding and can spread undesirable organisms from one continent to carrying capacity, and assimilative capacity. In addition, another influencing the natural ecosystem. Ballast water for finfish culture, the use and fate of therapeutants, sea can also be a vector for spreading cholera. Copepods lice interactions between wild and cultured salmonids, the are able to spread virus to the cultured products and assessment of site fallowing and recovery, and the impli­ further on to the human population. In this context ref­ cations of escaped farmed salmon on wild stock have erence was made to the ICES Code of Practice on the been examined. Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms. Other problems for aquaculture in this context are pet The advective and diffusion transport of food and water fish and ecotourism. products play an important role in both the success and acceptability of mariculture. Detailed knowledge of the The main purpose of Integrated Coastal Zone Manage­ flow field is necessary for planning and development pur­ ment (ICZM) is (1) strengthening sectorial management poses As well, we must be able to predict the effects of and to integrate requirements with all users of the the mariculture activities upon circulation patterns, e.g., coastal zone, (2) preserving and protecting the living restricted flow, enhanced turbulence, consumption of resources and the biological diversity, and (3) promot­ phytoplankton, regeneration of nutrients and resuspen­ ing rational development and sustainable utilisation of sion. the coastal resources. At present the functional analysis of the ecosystem for each sector which are using the The aim of the ThemeSession was to provide a forum for coastal zone is missing. Unless this is made, it is diffi­ presentations on our current knowledge of the wide range cult to get the real understanding for co-operation and of environmental interactions that pertain to mariculture. co-ordination of the activities within the coastal zone.

209 Paper R:6 was presented on the behalf of Dr W. Sil­ loch. Simple box models have now been used to esti­ vert. The title of the paper is "Modelling Environmental mate the quantities of effluent released by fish farms Interactions of Mariculture". The author thinks that it is and residence times of such material within a loch have now possible to standardise the modelling of mariculture been estimated. The models can elucidate whether envi­ interactions. This could be done by various models that ronmentally quality standards are exceeded by the exist­ considers (1) the effluents from mariculture, (2) the ing fish farms and to estimate if further establishments dispersal of effluents via physical transport from farm are possible. to water and sediments, (3) the effects on the environ­ ment. The fourth model should include the implementa­ Dr M. Heral and his colleagues presented figures and tion stage. The author said that the modelling is a com­ tables meant to be used in forthcoming papers under the plex matter which draws on many different disciplines. title "Benthic Effects of Biodeposition of Oyster Culture in Mesotidal Estuarine Conditions", R: 1 and R:2 com­ Paper R:7 by Mr A. Ervik, Mr P. Kupka Hansen and bined. The biodeposition of oyster culture operations Mr H. Kryvi "Regulation of Environmental Effects of and the resuspension of the deposited material were Mariculture in Norway" with a follow-up of the important factors to consider which influences the an­ LENKA system and MOM, earlier presented at ICES. nual fluxes of phosphorous and nitrogen between vari­ The Norwegian authorities have now got a lot of expe­ ous parts of the ecosystems in the Marennes-Oleron rience of identifying the environmental problems caused Bay. The nitrogen and phosphorous budgets for each by fish farming. The paper dealt with escapers of culti­ part of the ecosystem and their effects of phytoplankton, vated fish, diseases, medicines and antibacterial agents, phytobenthos, and zoobenthos communities were dis­ chemicals and organic matter. cussed as well.

Paper R:5 by Mr K. Veitola, Mr J. Kettunen and Dr T. Dr B. O'Connor presented the paper "Studies on Sea Makinen "Environmentally Sustainable Aquaculture - A Lice Larvae Lepeophtheirus salmonis KR0YER on the Synthesis of Socio-economic Goals and Scientific West Coast of Ireland", R:9. The collapse of sea trout Facts" dealt with the problem of rational decision mak­ returning to rivers in the mid-west Ireland was linked ing for the environmental sustainability of aquaculture. with an epizootic of sea lice. For this reason studies Another aim was to develop methods for improving the were performed to measure the rate of infections on communication between environmental authorities and various sites, collect larvae of sea lice in the wild and other interest groups. By using an analytical hierarchy study the settlement of larvae on smolts in experimental process for the answers from several groups of people it cages placed close to fish farms and other cages were was possible to analyse the main conflicts between in­ places close to rivers. The dispersion of larvae at vari­ terest groups within an environment. ous distances from the cage showed that the larval densities were very low at distances greater than 500 m. Paper R:4 by Dr P.A. Gillibrand and Dr W.R. Turrell The contribution of larvae from cage to wild is consid­ "Modelling the Environmental Impact of New and Ex­ ered low with regard to trout. More studies of the life isting Fish Farms in Scottish Sea Lochs", showed that cycle of the sea lice are necessary for further under­ fish farms are now located in nearly every Scottish sea standing of this topic. DOCUMENTS R:1 M. Heral et al. Benthic effects of biodeposition of oyster culture in mesotidal estuarine conditions (combined with No.2) R:2 M. Heral and C. Biological requirements of shellfish culture: physiological demand and Bacher trophic capacity of coastal ecosystems R:3 A.B. Karasev et al. Salmon rivers of the Kola Peninsula. Salmon lice (Lepiotheirus salmonis Kreyer) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from the Varzuga River R:4 P.A. Gillibrand and Modelling the environmental impact of new and existing fish farms in W.R. Turrell Scottish sea lochs R:5 K. Veitola et al. Environmentally sustainable aquaculture: A synthesis of socio-economic goals and scientific facts R:6 W. Silvert Modelling environmental interactions of mariculture R:7 A. Ervik et al. Regulation of environmnetal effects of mariculture in Norway R:8 H. Rosenthal Not received R:9 B. O'Connor Studies on Sea Lice Larvae Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kreyer on the West Coast of Ireland R:10 Not received

210 THEME SESSION ON IMPROVING THE LINK BETWEEN SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT II: CAN WE MANAGE FISHERIES BY TECHNICAL MEASURES ALONE? (S)

Convenors: Dr. M.M. Sinclair, Prof. J. McGlade, and Mr. E. Kirkegaard Rapporteurs: Dr J.P. Hillis and Dr D.E. Lane

The Theme Session was held on Friday 22 September European Union Fisheries: from 16.30 to 18.00 and on Saturday 23 September Chair: Prof. J. McGlade (Rapporteur: Dr. D.E. Lane) from 09.00 to 13.00. In his opening remarks, Dr. M.M. Sinclair reviewed the history and purpose of the InternationalFisheries: second ICES 'Linking' session. Chair: Mr. E. Kirkegaard (Rapporteur: Dr. D.E. Lane) In each area the issues of linking fisheries science and Background fisheries management through the use of technical measures were examined. At the 1993 Statutory Meeting in Dublin, Ireland, fol­ lowing a strategic planning initiative set up by Mr D. de Fisheries Management Systems (Friday, September G. Griffith, the ICES President at the time, there was 22) considerable discussion on the potential role of ICES in the study of fisheries management systems. This was The opening papers of the Theme Session presented the prompted by widespread recognition that fisheries man­ analysis of whole fisheries management systems and agement has rarely achieved either the conservation or the role and effectiveness of technical measures in op­ socio-economic objectives. A recent global synthesis of erationalizing stock conservation. marine fisheries management since the extension of jurisdiction to 200 miles concluded that most resources Papers: are overfished and that the cost of fishing in 1989 ex­ ceeded revenues by several tens of billions of USD. Paper S:8 (Dr A.Payne and Dr K.Cochrane) described Clearly good scientific advice is a necessary but not the state of management of fisheries in South Africa. sufficient condition for effective management. There is The biggest volume fisheries were those for pelagic presently a need for analysis of fisheries management fish. The anchovy fishery was dynamic and that for systems in order to understand why some approaches pilchards was recovering. Of other fisheries, that for work and others do not. hake was recovering whereas that for sole was stable. Output controls included TACs and such traditional At the 1994 Annual Science Conference in St. John's, measures as minimum landing size etc. Input controls Canada, the Theme Session on this issue provided a included controls on numbers of boats and fishers and mechanism for ICES to discuss its potential role. Some controls on jigging for squid. A recent government of the papers have been published by Aquatic Living statement on fisheries management contained the Resources in a special issue. At the plenary session phrases "must be managed in a way that promotes sus­ there was a mixed reaction by the ICES community tainable yield" and "assist access to the fisheries", in concerning the advisability of increasing the scope of the case of these objectives clashing, it was to be hoped disciplines to study fisheries management systems. In that the first would take priority. Problems included order to continue the discussion further it was decided greatly enhanced expectations in areas where the un­ to continue with a Theme Session on the same general employment rate was about 50%. Poaching was a seri­ issue, but with a narrower focus. Given changes being ous problem and the potential of harvesting of intertidal discussed within the Common Fisheries Policy within and infratidal resources very limited. Community trusts Europe papers have been encouraged on the role of were being set up, but were to some extent plagued by "technical measures" in fisheries management. As part internal rivalries; a major problem was increased expec­ of the discussion of the papers we also need to address tations by many people with very high marginal time the next steps to be taken. preference rates.

Organisation Paper S:3 (Dr J.L. Suarez de Vivero) described the · functioning of institutional fisheries management struc­ A total of 17 papers were presented over two days of tures in Spain. Overlapping in function between differ­ meetings. ent management bodies was noted, especially the partial overlap of the producer organisations set up in response The presentations were arranged according to the fol­ to European community requirements with the pre­ lowing broad topic areas: existing traditional cofradias (fishermen's guilds).

Fisheries Management Systems: In response to queries, it was stated that the cofradias Chair: Dr. M.M. Sinclair (Rapporteur: Dr. J.P. Hillis) had not at the moment adequate strength to manage

211 fisheries effectively, but that they could be strength­ ing fishing mortalities and variations in actual and ex­ ened; future management of fisheries should involve the pected catches) implies that the system is hampered by a fishing industry to a greater degree than at present. political process whose time scale is inappropriate for the longer-term interests of fisheries management. It Paper S: 11 (Dr E.D. Lane and Dr R.L. Stephenson) was suggested that the TA Cs be set for an extended discussed problems in the Scotia-Fundy herring fishery period of 5 years, along with providing estimated and noted the inadequacy of management by technical monetary values for TACs. measures alone. Continued fisheries failures showed that imposed regulation had inherent weaknesses com­ Paper S:20 (Dr A.R. Couper and Dr H.D. Smith): The pared to co-operative regulation. The problem subsisted central premise of this paper was to point to the need to largely in institutional structures. It was envisaged that change the dimensionality of fisheries management by the role of government should be one of information reintroducing the fishing community as the fundamental provision, decision support, catch monitoring and me­ unit of fisheries based policies. The paper noted the diation of disputes, whilst the industry should be in­ multiobjective nature of fisheries policy and in particu­ volved in allocation of catch. Responsibilities should be lar the role of ICES and stock conservation as but "one formalised in a law and the principle of accountability leg in a three-legged stool" that included indus­ should undertake the structures in operation. trial/economic considerations as well as human/social objectives in fisheries. The task of technical measures Paper S:1 (Mr T. Vedsmand and Mr J. Raakjrer Niel­ in this context is to link to all aspects of management. sen) identified problems in Danish fisheries including This recognition marks the end of the central role of decline of resource, uncertainties in estimating its pre­ government in fisheries policy setting and requires that cise strength, overcapacity, increased competition in fishing interests (fishermen and fishing communities) be marketing with forcing down of prices by powerful re­ given more control in establishing effective technical tail chains, and economic crises in fisheries dependent measures and more direct property rights. Toward this regions, whilst highlighting potential solutions based on end, it remains for the European Union to: (1) define better targeted regulation measures, structural fleet ad­ appropriate community-based management regions; (2) justment, niche marketing and regional participation in recognise fisheries as business ventures; (3) carry out decision-making. The paper examined four alternative applied, pragmatic scientific research; and (4) integrate types of management council (1) (National) Executive, the use of technical measures in fisheries management. (2) National Fishermen's, (3) Regional Executive, and (4) Regional Fishermen's. It concludes that, generally Paper S:15 (Mr H. Frost and Mr N. Vestergaard): This speaking the closer that the regulation-making process is paper took a formal, analytical view toward estimating to those who are to be regulated, the better as the regu­ the impacts of fishing effort controls, specifically fleet lations are then more likely to be respected and so reduction (i.e., the decommissioning of existing ves­ complied with. sels), and vessel effort limitation schemes. Performance measures concentrate on the economic ( costs and reve­ European Union Fisheries (Saturday, September 23) nue) impact of fish harvesting according to a defined production function model. A linear programming Papers in this second meeting of the Theme Session problem was formulated to search for profit maximising focused on European Union nations' experience with levels of fleet size and fishing days. Shadow prices technical measures. Technical measures were examined were derived as measures of the incremental profit to be through case study descriptions and critical evaluations earned from unit adjustments to fishing effort. This in­ as well as through analytical models which attempted to formation is useful for examining policy decisions on quantify and explain the impacts of technical manage­ the distribution of catch quotas. ment approaches including vessel decommissioning. Paper S:16 (Mr H. Frost et al.): This paper described a Paper S:9 (Dr J.P. Hillis and Dr R. Amason): This model designed to quantify the economic impacts of the paper compared the application of technical measures in EU's vessel decommissioning scheme. The objectives of European Union fisheries to that of Iceland. Prior to the study were: (1) to determine the level of profits be­ 1976 both used gear restrictions, e.g., mesh size regu­ fore and after decommissioning; (2) to quantify the re­ lations, as the primary means of restricting fishing ef­ duction in fishing mortality attributable to decommis­ fort. The Icelandic experience evolved from gear re­ sioning; and (3) to examine the role and conditions of strictions to a system of TACs and sub-allocated quotas the decommissioning scheme. The results of the model since 1976. This included a brief period from 1985 to analysis show that there has been no reduction in fishing 1990 when Iceland experimented with a mixture of ef­ effort, no clear effect on fishing mortality, and some fort controls to go along with individual quotas. The reduction in fixed costs for the fleet as a consequence of European Union meanwhile continued with gear restric­ fewer vessels. It was noted that it is difficult to demon­ tion measures until 1983. Since that time they have been strate positive stock impacts due to the fact that only operating under a system of national TAC allocations. Denmark and Holland have actually reduced fleet size. Recent evidence from EU allocations (including increas-

212 At the same time, other countries may actually have the governance of fisheries ought to consider all aspects increased their fleets and fishing effort. of interaction between government and society including communication and consensual action (arising from Paper S:19 (Dr C.G. Tucker): The motivation for this economic measures and social aspects including exter­ paper was the existing over capacity of fishing fleets nalities, objective efficiency, rational choice models, leading to poor economic performance underlying the and property and participatory management regimes), need for fleet structural adjustment. It was noted that and instrumental action (the application of technical the objective of long-term fisheries management is to measures, input and output controls). The evidence of maximise benefits to man and not to maximise the size today's instrumental action based approaches have led of fish stocks. The paper described a model developed to segregation of the community, reflagging of vessels, to evaluate the fleet capacity and effort target of the black markets for fish, and xenophobia. Criteria were Multi-Annual Guidance Programmes (MAGPs) adopted proposed in order to evaluate the governance effective­ by the European Union. The model is based on VPA ness of any approach. These are: (1) long-term per­ stock dynamics projections, fisheries prices (a function spective and evaluation (including understanding the of yield), and fixed and operating (fishing effort) costs. time discounting of valuations); (2) understand social The model returns present value output measures. The choice and expectations; (3) interconnection of regula­ conclusions are that MAGPs can be evaluated by this tory frameworks; (4) description of dynamics of prop­ approach, and that long-term benefits appear mainly to erty rights and access; (5) description of dynamics of come from cost reduction and not from stock yield in­ markets and capital; and (6) matching of physical length creases. rules with biological and socioeconomic considerations to achieve the Common Fisheries Policy. Paper S:7 (Mr P.G. Madsen and Ms M.S. Motzfeldt): This paper described the work in progress by an eco­ The participants concluded that: nomic consultants team on the development of an ana­ lytical tool for employment impact assessment of local ICES should inaugurate studies together with coun­ economies. A pilot study is currently underway in 3 EU try representatives and with individual members es­ fishing communities located in the United Kingdom, pecially in order to bring social science into the dis­ Portugal, and Denmark. The intent of the study is to cussion. develop a database of information on the input-output flows of the local economies. Given this information, an - the criteria list to evaluate governance effectiveness analytical will be constructed to investigate the impacts should include a suite of multiple objectives and not on these local economies due to changes in fish quotas, only economics and sociology, but also the provision landed value and processed goods prices. Model meth­ of advice to assist industry on running their busi­ odology will include standard input-output demand nesses. This information must come from many analysis as well as a supply driven model approach. The sources including biology where it is required to results will be presented at the 1996 ICES Annual Sci­ note trade-offs, to consolidate these trade-offs, and ence Conference. to bring valuation into the discussion.

Paper S:6 (M V. Marin): This paper examined fisheries - attempts to integrate all aspects of the problem into management from the perspective of players in a dy­ "one big model" entail risks that at the political level namic non-co-operative game theoretic framework. may not be properly considered. Alternatively, lots Harvesters are viewed as rational independent players of small disciplinary based models may offer more who act by selecting strategies toward achieving their focused results. own best interests. Governments have the role of apply­ ing technical measures as counter strategies. Formal - in the current process, economic input is brought in studies of evolutionary non-co-operative games point to from outside ICES since the basis for biological ad­ the application of simple "tit for tat" strategies as a suc­ vice and economic advice are different. Adjustments cessful means of discouraging "defection" from desir­ must be made to our processes and optional ap­ able strategies that conform to set regulations. proaches explored in order to accommodate all as­ pects of relevant advice. Discussion International Fisheries (Saturday, September 23) Prof. J. McGlade summarised the discussion of these papers as dealing with the problem of integrating ana­ Paper S:2 (Dr L. Richards and Dr J.C. Rice): This pa­ lytical models results into effective formal technical per evaluated specific technical measures used in the management arrangements for fisheries management. British Columbia, Canada rockfish fishery. These Alternatively she pointed out that information about the measures included vessel quotas, trip limits, combined appropriateness of measures and their evaluation may trip limits and area quotas, combined trip limits and also be learned from the fishing communities and fish­ area quotas by species. These technical management ermen that they directly affect. In general, the issue of measures were applied in succession in attempts to

213 regulate an orderly distribution of the seasonal fishery Paper S:18 (Dr S. des Clers et al.): The technical throughout the fishing year. Evaluation of these meas­ measures employed in controlling the squid fishery off ures were made against three criteria: (1) recorded the Falkland Islands were described. The squid harvest, catch versus quota; (2) the extent of misreporting and a major fishery in this area (130,000 t annually), is dumping; and (3) economic performance. The results carried out by 3 factory freezer trawlers. The four showed that trip limits, while relatively successful in regulatory measures used are: (1) minimum net size, (2) distributing catch over the season, were not successful by-catch limitations, (3) closed seasons, and (4) closed in distributing effort over areas and area quotas. Fi­ areas. The general conclusion was that this fishery nally, the reaction of harvesters and the subsequent seems to be managed effectively. move to area and species quotas gave rise to more problems on the management of the multi-layered Paper S:12 (Mr K.M. Sokolov): This paper described regulations in place. the application of technical measures in the northern shrimp fishery and the groundfish fisheries of the Bar­ Paper S:14 (Dr P. C. Young): This paper described the ents and Norwegianigian Seas. In particular, manage­ evolution of technical management measures in the ment would like to reduce mortality from fishing of Northern banana prawn fishery of the Gulf of Carpen­ young shrimp captured as by-catch in the cod, haddock, taria, Australia. The complex layers of state, federal and halibut fisheries, and the fishing of young ground­ and international jurisdictions was presented as the most fish in the shrimp catch. Currently, measures in place important issue and impediment to effective stock man­ include: TACs, closed areas, gear restrictions, and by­ agement. It was not until 1987 that a single federal ju­ catch limits. While data and a specific methodology for risdiction was assigned to manage the stock. Since that quantifying young fish mortality is continuing, these time (in 1993) a compulsory reduction of 35% of all measures seem to be effective. vessels occurred in this fishery. This was made possible with the direct involvement of the fishing industry who Discussion derived a technical measurement scheme based on "effort units" . The next problem facing this fishery is The Convenor of this session, Mr. E. Kirkegaard in­ the analysis of ecosystem issues and indirect harvesting vited general comments fromparticipants. He noted that impacts on other species, e.g., sea turtles. the direct management of ecosystems is not probable, however, we ought to be managing human intervention Paper S:5 (Mr K. Nedreaas et al.): A bioeconomic on these systems. Moreover, in this area, the emphasis analysis of the Greenland halibut fishery was described. on case studies and actual examples are very important. This fishery is a by-catch fishery only (since 1992) for He referred to the new Working Group on Comprehen­ larger vessels (over 90 feet in length). However, sive Fishery Evaluation and the interdisciplinary dis­ smaller vessels (trawlers, longlines and gillnets) partici­ cussions that are proposed for that WG that may attract pate in a directed fishery regulated by a total quota, and participants from several disciplines. The Fishery time and area closures. The bioeconomic model shows Evaluations are not meant to examine only stock as­ that there is little difference between fishing at F 0 • l and sessments, but also to evaluate fisheries systems includ­ fishing at Fmax, although F0.l would increase the likeli­ ing the effects of technical management measures. The hood for stock growth and higher recruitment. Due to Convenor invited Prof. J.G. Pope to summarise the age specific gear selectivity, suballocation to the di­ proceedings of the theme session. rected gear types will effect the consequences of fishing mortality. Furthermore, the economic performance of Summarising Theme Session Topics (Prof. J.G. Pope) the gears under different allocations constitutes an im­ portant argument for full bioeconomic understanding of Prof.J.G. Pope noted that adding economic considera­ the largely political allocation decision. tions into stock analysis would require an enlarged ma­ trix structure to accompany age structured stock, mixed Paper S:17 (Mr S. Christensen):This paper described a species and gears, and longitudinal data. Similarly, for bioeconomic model of the fishery system including as­ managers, catch quotas and effort restrictions appear sumptions about the perceived prediction model used to not to be working, requiring further controls down to evaluate stock status and the impacts of fisheries techni­ the level of spatial areas/ gear accessibility. This refined cal measures. The system model incorporates errors in spatial-temporal level of data works against attempts to measurement (as would arise for example from discard­ integrate. Examples of the EU countries problems pro­ ing at sea) and errors in implementation based on a de­ vides evidence of this. layed reaction to fishermen's response. Data from the shrimp fishery in the Davis Strait was used to illustrate Alternatively, a simplex of key objectives can be envis­ model use and results under a suite of control measures aged in broad terms of measures on profit, employment, applied to the simulated fishery. It was noted that the and catch. Among this set there are dominated and non­ intended performance of technical measures may be dominated points. The focus could be on searching over significantly altered if modified by implementation er­ the non-dominated set for "solutions" in the multidis­ rors. ciplinary setting. The overriding guideline is to provide

214 the customer with what they need - not necessarily what sive advice. Among the issues to be considered are why they want. In this respect, advice should be detailed and effort adjustments do not seem to lead to reductions in comprehensible, and clearly lay out the consequences of fishing mortality, or why and how fishermen respond to their actions. Furthermore, this detail ought to include technical restrictions the way they do. economic, biological, social, and ecological information in their appropriate time scales. Concluding Remarks

In the short term, it is required that: (1) a dialogue be In his concluding remarks, Dr. M.M. Sinclair returned maintained with managers, (2) a "home" is defined for to the question of the next steps to be taken. The theme disciplines new to ICES but part of the fisheries man­ has proved to be very popular within the conference. It agement system; (3) system components be integrated would be appropriate to establish Study Groups to ad­ as far as possible, and (4) tradeoffs between factors be dress high priority issues and to expand the scope of understood and described. Toward this end, it would be activities within the ACFM Working Groups on interesting to set up a WG on integrating factors in biol­ "comprehensive evaluating". He thanked all the speak­ ogy, economics, and sociology and to give this WG ers for their contributions and the audience for their time to develop procedures for generating comprehen participation.

DOCUMENTS S:1 T. Vedsmand and J. Raakjrer Niel­ Devolved fisheries management systems: A discussion on sen implementation of alternative fisheries co-management models in Denmark S:2 J. Rice and L. Richards Effectiveness of three technical measures in the manage­ ment of the British Columbia rockfish trawl fishery S:3 J. L. Suarez de Vivero The role of Spanish fishing organizations in the manag­ ment of fisheries: traditional and industrial organizations S:4 Not received S:5 K. Nedreaas et al. Biological and economic implications of a multi-gear fish­ ery for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) S:6 V. Marin Fisheries Management: Beyond technical measure, the problem of agents coordination

S:7 M.S. Motzfeldt and P.G. Madsen Employment impact assessment in fishing dependent re­ gions

S:8 A.I.L. Payne and K.L. Cochrane How management and science are trying to develop fisher­ ies policy in South Africa S:9 J.P. Hillis and R. Amason Why fisheries cannot be managed by technical measures alone: a comparison of selected fisheries inside and out­ side the European Union S:10 Withdrawn S:11 D.E. Lane and R.L. Stephenson Matching technical measures with multiple objectives through co-management S:12 K.M. Sokolov Restriction of young fish by-catches as one of fishery management measures S:13 Withdrawn S:14 P.C. Young Australia's northern prawn fishery - a case study for the use of jurisdictional, economic and biological input con­ trol measures to ensure sustainability S:15 H. Frost and N. Vestergaard An operational approach to assess management regulation, subject to different management objectives S:16 H. Frost et al. The impact of the EU decommissioning scheme with par­ ticular respect to Denmark and the Netherlands

215 S:17 S. Christensen A bioeconomic evaluation of management strategies in the Greenland shrimp fishery S:18 Not received S:19 C.E. Tucker Overcapacity and economic performance - a methodology for estimating the benefits of fishing fleet structural ad­ justment S:20 A.R. Couper and H.D. Smith The development of fishermen-based policies

216 THEME-SESSION ON CONSEQUENCES OF MANIPULATION/MANAGEMENT OF NUTRIENT FLUXES ON NUTRIENT-FOODWEB INTERACTIONS (T)

Convenor: Prof. F. Colijn and Dr R. Laane Rapporteur: Prof. F. Colijn

The Theme Session was held on Monday 25 September Model calculations of the whole foodweb for the Baltic from 14.30 to 18.00. Sea showed the importance of the benthic foodweb in converting organic matter to nutrients. The possible Background negative effects of eutrophication were shown for the Limfjord in Denmark, where oxygen depletion prevents The occurrence of toxic algal blooms, dense blooms of macrobenthos in deeper layers. A final provocative pa­ macroalgae in enclosed waters, and reduced oxygen con­ per discussed the possibilities of enlarging the marine centrations (which have occasionally killed macrobenthos production by supplying the sea with nutrients. Many and fish) have caused concern about the health of some question remain to be solved to avoid negative effects sea areas. Consequently, during the last decade, several and to be able to fuel the "right" foodweb links. countries round both the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, have taken measures to reduce the quantity of nutrients Links between primary producers and higher trophic discharged to the sea. The reduction of phosphorous and levels are still not well developed, obviously more inte­ nitrogen compounds does not occur equally, however. grated studies in multidisciplinary teams are needed to Thus, nitrogen compounds behave more diffusely, and cover the whole foodweb energy conversion. Under­ have therefore decreased less, than phosphorous com­ standing these relations would be a prerequisite to con­ pounds. As a result, the NIP ratio in freshwater dis­ nect productivity at lower and higher trophic levels. charges is no longer balanced, and deviates considerably Without much knowledge, realistic predictions on ef­ from the natural Redfield ratio. This causes concern be­ fects of nutrient manipulation on systems will be im­ cause toxic algal blooms may be stimulated by a high NIP possible. ratio. Furthermore, some scientists suggest that nutrient reduction itself will reduce productivity and hence ulti­ During Theme Session T, 8 papers were presented cov­ mately fisheries yield. ering the topic from inputs of nutrients, their usage and their consequences for foodweb relations. The effects of With these thoughts in mind, this Theme Session was the manipulation of nutrient concentrations in meso­ designed to attract papers on: cosms were described, and finally an outline was pre­ sented on the possible consequences of fertilisingthe sea 1. Nutrient regulatory mechanisms, and the pros and to harvest more. cons of the above hypotheses about the effects of nutrient reduction on regulation and productivity; In the first paper (Doc. T:8) a detailed description was given of effects of enhanced nutrient inputs to the Ger­ 2. Results of foodweb models, including nutrient man Bight; direct relations between nutrient inputs and dynamics and fluxes; phytoplankton growth were given showing the enhanced growth of phytoplankton in the German Wadden Sea as 3. The transfer of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and a consequence of inputs from the Elbe river and from phosphorous through the foodweb to higher advected water masses from the Southern Bight. The trophic levels, emphasising grazer-predator rela­ possible buffering capacity of sediments was questioned tions (e.g. between mesozooplankton and small causing a retarding effect on phytoplankton blooms after fishes) and shifts or changes in foodweb structure. reduction measures have taken place.

Presentations A detailed description of a nitrogen budget for the Ger­ man Bight was presented in the next paper (Doc. T:5) During the Theme Session a wide variety of nutrient showing the large variability and large errors in the affected processes were covered, especially on the calculation of budgets. The importance of atmospheric growth, production and species succession of phyto­ deposition of several nitrogen compounds was stressed. plankton. Experimental laboratory and mesocosms Altogether 30% of the nitrogen input arrives in the studies showed that dominance of phytoplankton German Bight by air. groups/species can be related to nutrient ratio's based on resource competition. Complete nutrient budgets are The third paper (Doc. T:7) elucidated the role of nutri­ now established for specific areas showing the impor­ ent composition and their ratio's for the species com­ tance of atmospheric and riverine anthropogenic inputs, position of phytoplankton. Culture experiments have which however can only be balanced with large errors. shown that nutrient competition influences species com­ position and succession from diatoms to flagellates at

217 low Si:N ratios. Species selection within groups takes phyll-a peak and a positive relation between N-input and place due to light intensity and daylength. Predictions of chlorophyll; also a relative dominance of flagellates species composition due to eutrophication can be made occurred at high N-inputs. The behaviour of Phaeocys­ but confirmation in the field still has to be made. tis as an eutrophication indicator was also studied: col­ ony formation was affected negatively at N-limitation The fourth paper (Doc. T:6) discussed mass balance and low irradiance. The results of these studies can very models of carbon flow in the central Baltic Sea with well be incorporated into ecophysiological models of emphasis on the higher trophic levels. These include marine ecosystems. some of the more important fish species like herring, sprat and cod. Also lower parts of the food web as food The final paper (T: 1) enabled a discussion on the sources forthe fishes are included like primary produc­ overall effects, both negative and positive of eutrophi­ ers, planktonic invertebrates and benthos. Although cation. Given the high world population increase it mass balances can be calculated it proves to be difficult would be favourable to harvest more biomass from the to assess how realistic these balances are, because not sea. However, because of our lack of knowledge on the all trophic levels are equally well quantified. interactions in the lower ( and higher) parts of the food web it still proves difficult to predict the outcome of The fifth paper (Doc. T:3) discussed the effects of nutrient reductions or additions. Most North Sea coun­ short-term depletion of oxygen on macrobenthos in two tries have set into action measures to reduce the inputs localities in the Limfjord. The effects of depth distribu­ of nutrients to the sea, both to protect the freshwater tion of the benthos proved to be one of the most critical and marine coastal waters against unwanted effects of parameters in this study, because oxygen depletion only eutrophication such as oxygen depletion, occurrence of occurred below a certain depth ( > 4 m). the shallower dense and sometimes toxic blooms and changes of the areas can be used by fishes as nursery grounds because food web structure. In the last paper the need to execute they can survive or migrate from areas with low oxygen experiments to find out how these negative effects can concentrations. be prohibited at the same time enabling an increase in primary production and fuelling to higher trophic levels In the sixth and seventh papers (Doc. T:9 and Doc. was once more stressed. A research programme to fulfil T: 10) the results of mesocosm studies were presented. these scientific demands has been set up by Norwegian In these mesocosm experiments effects of nutrient re­ scientists. duction measures (mainly N-compounds) are mimicked and the consequences for phytoplankton growth, pri­ The overall impression of the Theme Session was posi­ mary production, species composition and transfer to tive. More papers could have been presented on other benthic organisms is studied over several weeks. During parts of the food web. However, there are clear gaps in periods of no or mild nutrient limitation mussel grazing our knowledge on the transfer of carbon/energy be­ controlled the phytoplankton biomass; at high mussel tween primary producers and zooplankton, including the biomass no effects of nutrient loading were observed; at microbial loop, and also between zooplankton and nutrient limiting conditions increased nutrient availabil­ fishes. Without closing these gaps no conclusions can be ity caused high turnover rates including increased phy­ drawn on direct effects of nutrient manipulations or toplankton growth rates; mussel grazing reduced the reductions for the high trophic levels. It is suggested to phytoplankton biomass to low levels. In comparison to cover this topic again at another opportunity with em­ the results given in Doc. T:7, similar effects of nutri­ phasis on the latter aspects. ents were observed. Si input causes the initial chloro- DOCUMENTS

T:1 E. Sakshaug et al. Maricult research programme: fertilising the sea to har­ vest more T:2 Withdrawn T:3 K. Nitschke Biomass and quantitative investigations of the macroben­ thos in two localities in the Limfjord, Denmark: short­ term effects of oxygen depletion in relation to depth dis­ tribution T:4 Withdrawn T:5 S. Beddig et al. Nitrogen Fluxes in the German Bight T:6 A. Jarre-Teichmann Seasonal mass-balance models of carbon flow in the cen­ tral Baltic Sea with emphasis on the upper trophic levels

218 T:7 U. Sommer Eutrophication related changes in phytoplankton species composition: is there a role of nutrient competition? T:8 K-J Hesse et al. Nutrient-phytoplankton relations in the German Wadden Sea T:9 T.C. Prins et al.. The effects of top-down control on nutrient-phytoplankton relations: results from mesocosm experiments T:10 V. Escaravage et al .. The response of phytoplankton communities to n-input reduction results frommesocosm experiments

219 THEME SESSION U

"What's New? (Advisory and Science Committee Highlights)"

Chairman: MA. Maucorps Rapporteurs: Mr D. de G. Griffith, Dr R.S. Bailey, and Dr J. Pawlak

The Theme Session was held on Tuesday 26 September Sea (cod larvae). In these areas there is an increasing from 11.00 to 13.00. The President opened the session realization of a strong relationship between growth and and noted that this annual session generally is aimed at water temperature, although there is no evidence as to reporting items brought up from the Advisory Commit­ whether the cause of this relationship is direct, via prey, tees during the past year. This year, however, the or of another nature. For capelin and South African Council agreed to make available the report of the Bu­ pilchard, a relationship between growth and zooplank­ reau Working Group on the Structure of ICES, provid­ ton was demonstrated. ing proposals for restructuring ICES work to respond to new developments in science, and advisory require­ Theme Session Q "Intermediate-Scale Physical Proc­ ments. esses and Their Influence on the Transport and Food Environment of Fish" THEME SESSION REPORTS This session attracted seventeen presentations and five Chairmen of Theme Sessions or their representatives posters covering intermediate-scale processes including were called upon to present an overview of the high­ thermoclines, upwelling and horizontal processes. The lights of their sessions. session showed that models can now provide realistic output for intermediate-scale processes. Consideration Theme Session O "Ballast Water: Ecological and of processes at this scale should not be done in isola­ Fisheries Implications" tion, however, as linkages need to be made between processes at small and large scales to promote an un­ This session covered a wide range of issues concerning derstanding of factors affecting recruitment to fish problems associated with ballast water, including practi­ populations. In particular, development is needed to cal issues such as the standardisation of sampling design incorporate small-scale processes that affect biological­ and sampling procedures for ballast water and reporting physical interactions. The session concluded that there the results of analyses, to broader issues such as the was substantial progress being made in the modelling promotion of research to develop better methods to and interpretation of processes taking place at interme­ manage ballast water. Other issues covered included the diate scales. It therefore recommended that a follow-up possibility of ballast water-mediated transport of chol­ theme session be convened at the 1996 Annual Science era, the relation between mariculture and ballast water Conference. operations, and potential linkages between introductions of alien species and biodiversity. A major step forward Theme Session R "Mariculture: Understanding En­ is being taken in planned international co-operation and vironmental Interactions" co-ordination of work between ICES, IOC, and IMO, which will be considered in the first instance by the This Theme Session follows two workshops on ICES Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of mariculture-related subjects that were held earlier in Marine Organisms. 1995 which showed that there has been a large increase in aquaculture during the past 20 years, with intensive Theme Session P "Causes of Observed Variations in aquaculture systems in coastal zones, indicating the Fish Growth" need for strengthened integrated coastal zone manage­ ment and integration of user requirements. The impor­ Two keynote speeches had been presented in this ses­ tance of maintaining biodiversity and existing resources sion: (1) "The influence of environmental temperature in the area was also stressed. A number of papers were on growth and conversion efficiency in fish" by Prof. presented on national programmes for modelling and M. Jobling, and (2) "Variation in growth of sablefish in monitoring the impacts of mariculture operations, in­ the Northeast Pacific Ocean", by Dr D. Kimura. The cluding deposition of nutrients to sediments and resi­ other contributions covered the relationship between dence times of therapeutants in embayments. The issue temperature and Atlantic cod in Nova Scotia, the of interactions between sea lice and wild stocks was Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Labrador-Grand considered and a low contribution was reported of sea Banks area, the Arcto-Norwegian area, and the Baltic lice to wild stocks.

220 Theme Session S "Improving the Link between Fish­ REPORTS FROM THE ADVISORY COMMIT­ eries Science and Management II: Can We Manage TEES Fisheries by Technical Measures Alone?" ACME This Theme Session served as a follow-up to the first theme session on this topic at the 1994 Annual Science The Chairman of ACME, Dr K. Richardson, explained Conference, but with a narrower focus on key issues. in her presentation the working protocols of ACME. Examples were reviewed of the experience gained in Essentially because of the insufficient breadth of exper­ adopting new measures or wider participation in the tise, it had proved impossible to address all questions development of measures in several countries or prov­ directed to ACME during plenary sessions. Instead, inces, such as Denmark, South Africa, and Nova Sco­ ACME members have been tasked to "shadow" rele­ tia, Canada. This theme session was very well attended vant working groups and to prepare draft advice in ad­ and several possibilities were considered to continue vance of the ACME meeting, so that all members can consideration of this type of topic in ICES. review these drafts with the help of national experts before the meeting. This had made it possible to reduce Theme Session T "Consequences of Manipula­ the length of the ACME meeting to five working days. tion/Management of Nutrient-Foodweb Interactions" Because of the competition for Secretariat resources with ACFM, ACME has proposed moving its meeting This Theme Session had the objective of covering the in 1996 to a later time in June and to require ACME positive and negative effects of manipulation of nutrient Working Groups to meet no later than in March. inputs to the marine environment, including both nutri­ ent reductions and nutrient fertilisation. Among the ACFM points covered were: (1) in terms of nutrient concentra­ tions and fluxes, the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen The Chairman of ACFM, Mr E. Kirkegaard, described can be an important input to the marine environment; the working protocols of his committee. In the case of (2) experimental studies in the laboratory clearly show fisheries, the advisory process is split into three parts: the influence of N:P ratio on species composition and the scientific basis for the advice resides in the Assess­ succession; (3) the transfer of energy through the food ment Working Groups; quality control is achieved web is not very well understood. through a review process carried out at the beginning of the ACFM meetings; formulation and presentation of Joint Session on Improving Species Selectivity in the advice are carried out in plenary. The Chairman of Mixed Species Fisheries ACFM also noted some of the changes that had been made in the first part of the process, notably passing This session considered the development of more spe­ some requests to the Fish Capture Committee and the cies-selective gears based on the behaviour of different proposed establishment of a Comprehensive Fisheries fish species. It was noted that species separation is pos­ Evaluation Working Group in which assessments would sible for demersal species and invertebrates. However, be carried out on all aspects of the fishery management species separation in pelagic fisheries is much more process from the biological basis for the assessments to difficult, e.g., separating horse mackerel from herring, bioeconomic analyses of the fisheries. It was hoped that but behaviour experiments in tanks have indicated that this would attract a wide range of expertise. The re­ there may be some possibilities to develop a means of viewing of the science is currently done in sub-groups separating them. New gears will be more readily ac­ during the ACFM meetings and it was proposed to for­ cepted by fishermen if they have specific advantages, malise this arrangement by having organised sub-group e.g., reduced by-catch. meetings attended by Working Group chairmen in ad­ vance of a much shorter plenary ACFM meeting. Mini-Symposium on "Arctic Oceanographic Proc­ esses" The Chairman of ACFM also expressed his personal belief that closer communication is needed between the Fourteen papers were presented at the Mini­ scientific and advisory functions of ICES. Also, in view Symposium. The general conclusions were that the main of the expanding need for interdisciplinary advice, he hydrographic and biological features of the Arctic area thought that the advice from the Advisory Committees are known, but the details especially at the margins are should be framed as ICES, rather than ACFM or not known. Less is also known about the geochemistry ACME, advice. of this region. In terms of ice transport, there is a major uncertainty in understanding of fluxes, especially for contaminants. It was noted that a new session on this RESTRUCTURING OF ICES topic may be useful after the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme assessment has been published. The Chairman of the Consultative Committee, Dr R.C.A. Bannister, and the Chairman of the Bureau Working Group on the Structure of ICES, Prof. P.

221 Malkki, outlined the proposals made for changing the • an analysis should be made of the problems in the committee structure of ICES with the aim of being bet­ existing structure; this should concentrate on why ter able to meet new challenges in science and moving thepresent committee structure has not functioned to towards more interdisciplinarity in the work, while re­ full satisfaction, so that these difficulties may be taining a scientifically high quality of work. avoided with the new committees;

The topic was then opened up for discussion by partici­ • the division between ACFM and ACME should be pants and the following points were made: addressed;

• science and advice should be brought closer to­ • at present some Committees function well and others gether; do not, but pooling the Committees will not solve this problem; • radical changes should not be made, as ICES is functioning well at present; • there are many things in the present system that can be rectified: the Committees should be presented • the first duty of ICES is to maintain scientific quality with these challenges and given the chance to re­ and to do so; ICES must be kept as a 'home' to sci­ spond and propose solutions; the process should be entists; open and take place over a period of time that permits response and development so that people can • cross-fertilisation of ideas and the development of provide input and can come to accept the changes; multidisciplinary approaches are good, but they are one year is not enough time for this. not a replacement for good science within the vari­ ous disciplines; In summing up, it was noted that the feeling of having a scientific 'home' is very important, but it is not clear • the new questions that need to be handled, such as how this can best be achieved; one way could be to en­ ecosystem and management issues, can also be han­ hance the work of the Working Groups. If we decrease dled by retaining the present twelve Subject/Area the number of Committees, the importance of the Committees, strengthening them, and having them Working Groups automatically increases. The Annual work to improve data; Science Conference should develop in its own direction. One way of achieving ICES participation in interna­ • the present structure is outdated; ICES should con­ tional programmes would be to increase the amount of centrate on monitoring and fact-finding and provide time used for planning these programmes and to include channels for the presentation of results through ICES participation. Theme Sessions; Before closing this Theme Session, the Chairman of the • business must be separated from science; Consultative Committee asked fora show of hands as to whether participants preferred the move towards Theme • any change in Committee structure should not have Sessions and away from individual Committee Sessions. the effect of favouring older scientists over young A large majority of people supported this; no one sup­ scientists; ported the contrary position.

• if a greater emphasis is to be placed on interdiscipli­ Mr D. de G. Griffith kept a scorecard of comments on nary treatment of issues, the terms and concepts the proposed changes and rated them as follows: characteristic to each discipline should be clearly explained so that scientists from other disciplines • two comments: wholly supportive will be able to understand them; • two comments: opposed • if a change is made so that there are very few Committees, there is a risk that decisions will be • seven comments: generally supportive of the made by only a few people, and there will be fewer spirit of change, but with opportunities for newcomers; the present Commit­ major concerns or reserva­ tees are the only really open structures within ICES tions about some of the pro­ and they should not be closed off; it would be better posals (or omissions) or some to have more Committees to do effective work; untoward consequences of the proposed changes. • the timetable indicated for implementation of these changes is very short; adequate time should be taken The President thanked participants for their input and to develop a system that meets the objectives of closed the session at 13.00 hrs. ICES while still keeping the loyalty of scientists;

222 MINI-SYMPOSIUM ON ARCTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES

Convenors: Mr H. Loeng, Dr J.M. Bewers and Mr L. Feyn Rapporteurs: Dr G.Topping and Prof. H.L. Windom

The Mini-Symposium was held on Saturday 23 Septem­ preparation of an assessment of the Arctic of a similar ber from 09.00 to 16.00. nature to the recent assessment of the North Sea by the North Sea Task Force under the auspices of the Oslo Background and Paris Commission. ICES would be playing an im­ portant role in this assessment through the provisions of The Arctic represents an area of increasing interest and guidelines for the monitoring work and by assisting with concern despite its relative isolation from the direct im­ data quality and assessment mechanisms. All eight Arc­ pact of Man's activities. It supports exploited fisheries tic countries were participating in the assessment work, and is increasingly the focus of mineral exploration and with contributions from four other ICES countries as exploitation. observers (Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) and a number of international organisations. This Mini-Symposium aimed to provide a contemporary The objectives were to assess the changes in the arctic perspective on our scientific understanding of processes in environment resulting from man's activities, to identify the marine environment of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent and quantify sources of arctic contaminants and the shelf seas. The particular context is the international ef­ transport processes involved for the benefit of the rele­ fort being made to evaluate the condition of the Arctic vant Ministers and decision-makers. Currently, AMAP relative to hazards to environmental resources, amenities comprises 530 projects and 312 National Implementa­ and human health. (Current programmes include the tion plans. A draft assessment report was scheduled for Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of the completion by late 1996 with the final report being International Arctic Environmental Protection Agree­ completed by Spring 1997. ment, the International Arctic Seas Assessment Project of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Norway­ Prof. J. Meineke (Doc. Mini:1) presented on account of Russia Environmental Commission, etc.). various models which he and his colleagues had devel­ oped to describe water mass formation and the import In the context of the Theme Session, the word and export of water to and from arctic shelves. He be­ "Oceanographic" is used in a multidisciplinary sense, to gan with the presentation of the results of a large scale include physical, chemical and biological oceanography model that had been developed by fine-tuning usually and processes. Geographically, the scope of the Sympo­ variable amounts of freshwater input and then tested by sium will range from large-scale processes within the comparing model output with field observations. The Arctic Ocean proper, to relevant processes operating in model demonstrated the link between extreme cold air adjacent shelf seas such as the Bering Sea, Barents Sea, events and heat loss from water followed by the pro­ Kara Sea, Greenland Sea, and the Canadian Arctic Ar­ duction of sea-ice and brine. The model also suggested chipelago. As modelling will be an important component that vertical upwelling, associated with these events, of the various Arctic assessment processes, some empha­ could bring sediment particles to the surface. He sis was placed on modelling approaches, parameterisa­ stressed however, that this aspect of the model output tion, and data requirements. had not been validated by field observation. He con­ cluded his presentation with an account of bottom slope Presentations convection, comparing model outputs with field obser­ vations. Mr H. Loeng, opened the Mini-Symposium by explain­ ing that it has been established as a prelude to the Prof. E. Sakshaug (Doc.Mini:3) presented a very com­ preparation of an assessment of the Arctic Environment prehensive and personal overview of the ecology of the being carried out as part of the Arctic Monitoring and Barents Sea through a series of tables showing the rela­ Assessment Programme (AMAP) under the Interna­ tive amounts of biomass and productivity at the various tional Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy Agree­ trophic levels. Productivity decreased from the open ment among the eight Arctic Countries (Canada, Den­ seas through the temporary ice region to the permanent mark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and ice regions with zooplankton being the dominant bio­ the United States). mass. He stressed that the Arctic was a very dynamic and highly variable system, which is clearly not in a The first paper (Doc. Mini:8) was presented by Mr L. steady state, and that productivity could vary from year 0. Reiersen, the Executive Secretary of the Arctic to year by 30% or more. The mo·st productive periods Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). He out­ were related to warm years and, in the most extreme lined AMAP and the progress made to date explaining cold periods, stocks of fish could collapse. It was clear that AMAP had begun in 1991. One of its aims was the that the productivity benefited from the input of Atlantic

223 water and that it was essential to have a thorough un­ tions in the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic derstanding of climate and physical oceanography if one Seas. hoped to understand the variability of production. Pre­ dictions of low pres�ure systems would enable one to Regrettably, none of the authors of Doc. Mini:1 were forecast high production periods. available to present the paper entitled "Contact obser­ vation and remote sensing data in Norwegian Sea eco­ Dr. S. Pfirman (Doc. Mini: 5) then provided an account system studies" . of processes involved in the transport of ice and associ­ ated contaminants from the coastal margins to the main The paper by Dr. P. Gurbutt and colleagues (Doc. body of the Arctic. The sources of contaminants were Mini:4) was presented by Dr W. Turell. He explained atmospheric deposition and contaminated coastal and that the levels of Caesium-137 entering the Barents Sea shelf sediments which had become incorporated into from European waters, principally of Sellafield origin, sea-ice during its formation in coastal areas and in had decreased since the previous survey in 1989. High­ proximity to river discharges to the Arctic. By back­ est levels were located in the western section of the sea, tracking the drifting ice, it was possible to locate the off the Greenland coast, and these were linked with coastal areas where incorporation of coastal sediments earlier and higher discharges from Sellafield. Given this had occurred. She provided an example of high lead latter finding, Dr Meineke questioned whether meas- · content of ice which had been traced to the Kara Sea. urements of Caesium-137 in water continued to provide As ice melted, entrained sediments were released to the useful information on the measurement of water masses underlying water and sediment traps had been used to in European waters. This question was responded to by confirm that the greatest deposition occurred in areas L. Foyn who stated that it was still possible to use Cae­ where ice flows disintegrate. Most of the sediment sium-137 as a tracer, especially in combination with deposition in Fram Strait, for example, occurs as a re­ other nuclides sult of deposition from melting ice. In his subsequent paper (Mini: 10), Mr H. Loeng ex­ Prof. J. Meineke (Doc. Mini: 2) then presented an ac­ plained the seasonal and interannual variability of in­ count of the thermohaline system of the Arctic Ocean fluxes to the Barents Sea. The seasonal inflow of Atlan­ and Nordic seas). He began with a description of sea­ tic water was highest in the period November-February sonal ice cover and the relationships between seasonal and lowest during summer. In the outflow area, where melting and convection currents in both the open Arctic the strongest flow were observed close to the bottom, Ocean and shelf seas. These processes lead to the for­ there was a similar seasonal variability. The results mation of surface and intermediate depth water masses from a wind-driven 3D numerical model showed that the latter being products of deep slope convection and there was large interannual variability in the Atlantic entrained inflowing water. This results in differing tem­ inflow. Under low pressure systems, a cyclonic wind perature and salinity outflows to the Greenland Sea. He stress prevails which leads to increased flows and high stressed that there was a lack of information on the sea temperatures. Conversely, high pressure system variability of T-S properties of such water masses of the produce anticyclonic wind stress, decreased flows and Arctic Ocean. lower sea temperatures.

Dr. J. Blindheim (Doc. Mini:6) subsequently presented Dr G. Nesvetova (Doc. Mini: 14). Results on investiga­ a brief account of and description of the special process tions of the distribution of phytoplankton, dissolved involved in the formation of intermediate saline water oxygen and nutrients in the central Barents and North­ during 1991 and 1993. He explained that, although the ern Norwegian Seas was presented. The investigations prevailing low pressure area may have contributed to its were conducted during the summers (June-August) of formation, it was not the primary driving mechanism. 1987 and 1990 which were cold and warm years re­ This anomaly is caused by an eddy near to the Arctic spectively. The distribution patterns of DO and phos­ Front which produces denser water by entrainment and phate were quite different during these contrasting years subsequent sinking. in both surface and bottom waters. These differences are apparently caused by the difference in circulation In the absence of Dr. S.A. Malmberg, the paper (Doc. and water column mixing in response to differing cli­ Mini: 7) was presented by Prof. J. Meineke who ex­ matic conditions. Better mixing occurred during the plained that cyclonic wind fields produced cyclonic cir­ summer of the cold year (1987) resulting in the highest culation or convection gyres. The cold events of fresher phytoplankton abundances. This was possibly due to water to the north of Iceland, an example of which was lower zooplankton grazing. the "great salinity anomaly" in the North Atlantic, are related to wind stress events leading to deep convection. Ms. K. Stange (Doc. Mini:9) then presented the paper Dr. Malmberg's paper concludes that more detailed on contaminants in the Barents Sea. As part of the analyses are required to resolve questions about proc­ AMAP programme, sediments and fish were collected esses involved in the variability of hydrographic condi- from the Barents Sea for organochlorine and PAH analyses. Livers of cod, polar cod and long rough dab

224 were chosen for study and analyses show that or­ rents that are probably the main oceanographic condi­ ganochlorine compound concentrations were highest in tion in Arctic waters affecting cod production. The cod livers and lowest in long rough dab. Concentrations authors address the hypothesis that when peaks in the 4- in the liver of polar cod appear to be inversely propor­ 5, 8-10 and 18-20 year climate cycles are coincident, tional to fish length; the reason for this is not under­ warm currents result that have a similar periodicity to stood. PCBs were more concentrated in the fish livers rich year classes of cod. With a few exceptions, warm than were other organochlorine compounds. The results current cycles over the past 40 years were shown to of PAH analyses of sediments revealed highest concen­ coincide with rich year classes whereas poor year trations in the more central part of the Barents Sea. This classes were associated with cold periods. distribution appears to be related to ice melting but during the discussion it was suggested that the pattern Discussion and Closing may reflect an atmospheric input component to the en­ tire sea which is diluted near coastal areas. It was also Dr J.M. Bewers, as a Co-Convenor of the Mini­ noted that the relationship between organic contaminants Symposium, initiated a general discussion by the differ­ in fish liver were not normalised and normalisation may ent degrees of understanding of the Arctic reflected in have a marked effect on such representations. the papers within the different and soliciting expressions of interest among the audience regarding the value of Mr L. Feyn (Doc. Mini:11) reported a study carried out holding a future session on this subject. There were as a part of the AMAP programme, addressing the spa­ several positive responses regarding the usefulness of tial and temporal distribution of 137Cs in Barents Sea such a session which might be held in the context of the sediments. Highest activities were observed in sedi­ completion of the Arctic Assessment in 1997. It was ments of the central region of the sea and along the west further stressed that future Mini-Symposia might focus coast of Spitzbergen. Using cluster analysis, three pat­ on inter alia, transport processes to and within the Arc­ terns in the 137Cs distribution could be identified. These tic region, effects of climate change on arctic systems, patterns were suggested to be related to regional phyto­ and biological-chemical interactions (i.e. effects) and plankton production. their similarity to those observed in other (temperate) systems. The Mini-Symposium was felt by some to be a Dr G. Nesvetova presented the paper (Doc. Mini:16) by positive reflection of the type of inter -disciplinary ses­ Dr O.V. Titov. This paper presents estimates of "new" sions being advocated within ICES. Finally, he encour­ primary production in relation to phosphate dynamics aged authors of papers to submit them for consideration which are, in tum, associated with ice edge processes .. for publication in the ICES Journal of Marine Science This relationship was demonstrated using a stoi­ and provided details of submission mechanism and chiometric production model. This model allows simu­ timetable for distribution to authors. In closing, Dr lation of seasonal variations in primary production for Bewers thanked both the authors of the several papers differentwater masses within the Barents sea. for their presentations and the audience for its partici­ pation in the summary discussion. Finally, Dr V. Ozhigin presented the paper (Doc. Mini:15). This describes the occurrence of warm cur- DOCUMENTS

Mini:1 Not received Mini:2 J. Meineke and B. The Arctic Oceans Nordic Seas thermo-haline system Rudels Mini:3 E. Sakshaug A synopsis of the biomass distribution and energetics of the pelagic ecosystem of the Barents Sea Mini:4 P.A. Gurbutt et al. Estimates of fluxes of Caesium-137 in northern waters from recent measurements Mini:5 Not received Mini:6 J. Blindheim and B. Episodic formation of intermediate water along the Greenland Sea arc­ Adlandsvik tic front Mini:7 S-A Malmberg Timing of deep convection in the Greenland and Iceland Seas Mini:8 Not received Mini:9 K. Stange and J. Klung- Contaminants in the Barents Sea ecosystem sy0r

225 Mini:10 H. Loeng et al. Water fluxes through the Barents Sea Mini:11 L. Feyn and I. Svreren Distribution and sedimentation of radionuclides in the Barents Sea Mini:12 Withdrawn Mini:13 Withdrawn Mini:14 G.I. Nesvetova Variations in hydrochemical conditions in the Barents and Northeastern Norwegian Seas caused by climate Mini:15 V .L. Tretyak:et al. Role of oceanographic conditions in Arcto-Norwegian cod recruitment dynamics Mini:16 O.V. Titov Seasonal dynamics of primary production in the Barents Sea Mini:17 Not received

226 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE 1995 ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE 83RD STATUTORY MEETING

RESOLUTIONS INVOLVING PUBLICATIONS

C.Res.1995/

1:1 A selection of the papers presented to the Con­ Methodology, and edited by Mr E. Ona ference on Baltic Marine Science to be held (Norway), will be published in the ICES Coop­ on Bornholm, Denmark from 22-26 October erative Research Report series, subject to final 1996, edited by Dr H. Dahlin (Sweden) and review by the Chairman of the Fish Capture others, will be published in the ICES Coopera­ Committee. The estimated number of pages is tive Research Report series, after final review 120. by the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment. The appropriate num­ 1:7 A Manual of Methods of Measuring the Se­ ber of pages will be determined by the General lectivity of Towed Fishing Gears, prepared by Secretary and the Chairman of the Consultative the Sub-Group on Selectivity Methods, and ed­ Committee. ited by Mr D.A. Wileman (Denmark), Mr R. Ferro (UK), Mr R. Fonteyne (Belgium) and Dr 1:2 The report on the results of the Temporal R. Millar (New Zealand), will be published in Trend Assessment of Data on Contaminants the ICES Cooperative Research Report series, in Biota from the Baltic Sea, edited by Mr M. subject to final review by the Chairman of the Nicholson (UK), will be published in the ICES Fish Capture Committee. The estimated number Cooperative Research Report series. The esti­ of pages is 180. mated number of pages is 50. 1:8 The Report of the Working Group on Methods 1:3 The overview report on the results of the of Fish Stock Assessment (Doc. ICES/IOC/OSP ARCOM Intercomparison C.M.1995/Assess:11), edited by Dr G. Programme on the Analysis of Chlorobiphen­ Stefansson (Iceland), will be published in the yls in Marine Media, prepared by Dr J. de Boer ICES Cooperative Research Report series, (Netherlands), will be included in the volume of subject to final review by the Chairman of the the ICES Cooperative Research Report series Advisory Committee on Fishery Management containing the results of Step 4 of this exercise and the Chairman of the Statistics Committee. (see C.Res.1994/1 :2). The estimated number of pages is 210.

1:4 The Annotated Bibliography on Transplanta­ 1 :9 Further annual issues of ICES Fisheries tions and Transfers of Aquatic Organisms and Statistics will be published as soon as possible their Implications on Aquaculture and Ecosys­ even if data from Spain are not available. New tems, edited by Prof. H. Rosenthal (Germany), issues should exclude tables giving landings by initiated and motivated by work with the ICES month (i.e. Table 9) and exclude some tables Mariculture Committee and the Working Groups giving summations and percentages where these on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organ­ require data from all countries. isms and on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms, and subject to a review of cost impli­ 1 : 10 The papers and poster abstracts presented to the cations and possible co-financing, will be pub­ Theme Session on Ballast Water: Ecological lished by ICES on CD-ROM, with several copies and Fisheries Implications edited by Prof. J. T. available on paper. The estimated number of Carlton (USA), will be published in the ICES pages is 1200. Cooperative Research Report Series subject to final review by the Chairman of the Mariculture 1:5 The ICES Code of Practice on the Introduc­ Committee. The estimated number of pages is tions and Transfers of Marine Organisms: 150. Guidelines and a Manual of Procedures, edited by Prof. J.T. Carlton (USA), will be published 1:11 The Database Report of the Stomach Sam­ in the ICES Cooperative Research Report series. pling Project, 1991, edited by Dr J.R.G. His­ The estimated number of pages is 50. lop (UK), will be published in the ICES Coop­ erative Research Report s_eries. The estimated 1:6 Thereport on Methodologyfor Target Strength number of pages is 200. Measurements (with special reference to in situ techniques for fISh and micro-nekton, pre­ 1: 12 The 1993 and 1994 Reports of the Study pared by the Study Group on Target Strength Group on Seabird/Fish Interactions (C.M.

227 C.Res.1995/

1994/L:3 and L:34), edited by Dr R.W. Furness operative Research Repon series subject to final (UK), Prof. G.L. Hunt (USA), and Dr M.L. review by the Chairman of the Biological Ocean­ Tasker (UK), will be published in the ICES Co- ography Committee. The estimated number of pages is 110.

RESOLUTIONS INVOLVING SYMPOSIA

C.Res.1995/

2:1 A Symposium on The Role of Physical and A scientific Steering Group consisting of Prof. Biological Processes in the Recruitment Dy­ B. Zeitzschel (Germany), Dr P.C. Reid (UK), namics of Marine Populations will be held in Mr H.R. Skjoldal (Norway), and Prof. U. conjunction with theICES 1997 Annual Science ) will be established to Conference, with Dr M.J. Fogarty (USA), Mr Sommer (Germany H. Loeng (Norway), Prof. T. Osborn (USA), assist the Co-Convenors in planning the and Prof. J.G. Shepherd (UK) as Co­ Symposium Convenors. A scientific Steering Group includ­ ) ing Prof. B. Rothschild (USA , Dr R.R. Dick­ The General Secretary will contact son (UK), Dr R. Myers (Canada), and Prof. T. OSPARCOM and HELCOM with a view to Powell (USA) will be established to assist the their co-sponsoring the Symposium Co-Convenors in planningthe Symposium. 2:4 A Symposium on Seabird Ecology and The General Secretary will contact F AO, IOC, Distribution in Relation to the Marine NSF, ONR, PICES, SCOR and GLOBEC with Environment will be held in Glasgow, UK, a view to their co-sponsoring the Symposium. from 22-24 November 1996 with Dr M.L. Tasker (UK), as Convenor. A scientific Steering 2:2 A Symposium on The Evaluation and Imple­ Group including Dr J.B. Reid (UK), Dr R.W. mentation of Management Strategies for Furness (UK), Prof. G.L. Hunt (USA), and Dr Fisheries in an Uncertain World will be held C.J. Camphuysen (Netherlands) will be for 4 days in 1998 at a time and venue to be established to assist theConvenor in planning the decided with Dr T.K. Stokes (UK), Dr R.L. Symposium. Stephenson (Canada), Dr J. McKoy (New Zea­ land), Dr J. Harwood (UK) and one South Af­ The General Secretary will contact the Joint rican nominee as Convenors. A Scientific Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) and the Steering Group will be established to assist the Seabird Group with a view to their co-sponsoring Co-Convenors in planning the Symposium. theSymp osium.

The General Secretary will contact FAO, the 2:5 A Symposium on Benthos Ecology (pre­ EU (under the ACP-EU fisheries initiative) and liminary title) will be held at Crete for four ICLARM witha view to their co-sponsoring the days in April 1998 with Prof. A. Eleftheriou Symposium. (Crete, Greece), and Dr P. Kingston (UK), as Co-Convenors. A scientific Steering Group in­ 2:3 A Symposium on The Temporal Variability of cluding Dr H. Rumohr (Germany), Dr S. Hall Plankton and their Physico-Chemical (UK), and others to be nominated, will be es­ Environment will be held in Kiel, Germany, tablished to assist the Co-Convenors in planning for 3 days in spring 1997, with Prof. T. the Symposium. Appropriate co-sponsorship ( j Smayda USA), andProf. F. Coli n (Germany), will be sought through the auspices of the Gen­ as Co-Convenors. eral Secretary.

CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE

C.Res.1995/

2:6 The Programme Planning Group (Chairman Dr • prepare for the Bureau's approval, a draft R.C.A. Bannister, UK) will meet at ICES programme of sessions for the 1996 Annual Headquarters from 24-25 May 1996 at Council Science Conference taking into account the expense to: titles and abstracts of scientific pa-

228 C.Res. 1995/

pers/posters received, in response to the assess the need for a joint Workshop with January 1996 Call for Papers, for presenta­ fish stock assessment scientists, and with the tion in Subject/ Area Committee Sessions, Advisory Committee on Fishery Manage­ Joint Committee Sessions, Theme Sessions ment. and in the Mini-Symposium. 2:8 An ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Regional For this meeting, the Group will consist of the Co-ordination Group will be established for a the Chairman of the Consultative Committee period of two years in the first instance, under a andthe Chairmen of thefollowin g Subject/ Area Chairman to be elected by the countries con­ Committees: tributing to the ICES GLOBEC office, and comprising: a) Fish Capture (representing also the Marine Mammals Committee); • a member nominated by each Member b) Marine Environmental Quality (representing Country or appropriate organisation con­ also the Mariculture Committee); tributing to the ICES/GLOBEC Project Of­ c) Demersal Fish (representing also the Statis­ fice, tics Committee); • a member nominated by the Fish and Shell­ d) Pelagic Fish (representing also the Baltic fishCommittees, Fish Committee); • the Chairmen of the Cod and Climate e) Biological Oceanography (representing also Change Working Group, the Hydrography the Hydrography Committee); Committee, and the Biological Oceanogra­ t) Anadromous and Catadromous Fish phy Committee, (representing also the Shellfish Committee). • the ICES Professional Secretaries or their designates, 2:7 The ICES/GLOBEC Working Group on Cod • the North Atlantic Programme Co-ordinator. and Climate Change (Chairman: Dr S. Sundby, Norway) will meet in Bergen, Norway The Co-ordination Group will meet at ICES from25-27 March 1996 to: Headquarters under the interim chairmanship of the Chairman of the Consultative Committee a) assess the suitability and limitations of input (Dr R.C.A. Bannister, UK) for two days prior data in trophodynamic models, particularly: to the end of June 1996, and at the expense of the ICES/GLOBEC Project Office, in order to i. larval fish vertical distributions with re­ elect a Chairman, and develop a long-term spect to their prey under different envi­ work programme based on the following terms ronmental situations (e. g. light, turbu­ of reference: lence intensities), a) provide oversight and direction for the ii. ranges of observed variability among North Atlantic Regional Office of individual larvae in the following charac­ GLOBEC, including primary ICES advice teristics: regarding selection of the Office Co­ • larval feeding behaviour (e. g. ordinator; swimming speeds, search volumes, reactive distances), b) integrate country activities into a co­ • growth and metabolic rates, ordinated GLOBEC implementation plan and continuing oversight of the implementa­ iii. zooplankton prey characteristics: tion phase; • horizontal and vertical distribution at scales of centimetres to 10' s of me­ c) provide scientific direction for liaison with tres, other regional bodies (e.g. PICES) and • source regions for advection of prey global organisations (IOC, SCOR, IGBP) into larval nursery areas, and nominate representatives to those bodies • biochemical composition as a factor as appropriate; controlling larval condition and growth; d) develop plans for the design and implemen­ tation of an integrated data management iv. review the state of knowledge on the system for the North Atlantic; identificationof predators on larval fish; e) recommend the establishment of subsidiary b) discuss the most effective working arrange­ groups to provide expert advice if and where ments for developing the link between envi­ necessary, but always first seeking to enlist ronmental factors and stock assessment and the help of existing ICES committees and

229 C.Res.1995/

Working/Study Groups by providing them a) identify the problems affecting the timely with specific terms of reference as appro­ production of Working Group reports, tak­ priate; ing into account: i. the increasing size and complexity of re­ f) identify and direct the North Atlantic Re­ ports, gional Office of GLOBEC in order to im­ plement appropriate ways to engage the ii. the quality of reports received by the widest possible involvement in scientific de­ Secretariat, velopment and communication through iii. work priorities within the Secretariat, workshops, the ICES annual meeting and iv. the use of IT within ICES Headquarters special sessions at other scientific meetings; and the Secretariat;

g) organise the peer review of the reports of b) identify the resources required by the Secre­ the Cod and Climate Change related tariat for the timely production of reports; Study/Working Groups and Workshops; c) suggest how report production can be ex­ h) report to the Consultative Committee at pedited, including if necessary the use of ICES Annual Science Conferences. assistance from Study /Working Groups themselves; 2:9 One expert database/GIS practitioner from each of three or four national laboratories with rele­ d) prioritise the production of key reports and vant experience will be requested to visit ICES specify realistic target times for their issue Headquarters at Council expense for three once complete manuscripts have been re­ weeks before the end of April 1996 in order to: ceived by the Secretariat;

a) prepare an inventory of databases main­ e) report to the Mid-Term Meeting of the Bu­ tained by ICES and its supporting institutes; reau and to the Consultative Committee at the 1996 Annual Science Conference. b) investigate what software (e.g. database management system or GIS) would be re­ 2: 11 A Second ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing quired to integrate ICES scientific data in Workshop will be held in Bergen, Norway the IBTS, IFAP, STATLANT, contaminant, from 21-23 March 1996 under the chairmanship disease, oceanographic and benthos data­ of Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) and Dr K.T. Frank bases; (Canada) to:

c) estimate what operational details, safeguards a) bring the work of the Backward-Facing First for sensitive data, time and costs would be Workshop to completion and publication; required to establish an integrated database; b) investigate the 19th century and early 20th d) submit their individual written evaluation to century cold periods in the Barents Sea and the Chairman of the Consultative Commit­ effects on cod year-class strength and tee, the General Secretary and the Profes­ growth (the extreme cold around 1903 at a sional Secretaries by the end of May 1996, time of general cooling will be a primary prior to the Mid-Term Meetings of the Bu­ focus - i.e. the "cold on-cold" case); reau, and the Advisory Committees. c) investigate the cold episode in the Barents 2:10 An Ad Hoe Group on the Production of Sea around 1941, at the peak of the 20th ICES Working Group Reports will be estab­ century warm period (i.e. the "cold-on­ lished under the chairmanship of the Chairman warm" case); of the Consultative Committee (Dr R.C.A. Bannister, UK), with the Chairman of the Sta­ d) undertake a comparative modelling study of tistics Committee, the Chairmen of the Advi­ local (heat flux, drainage, etc.) versus large sory Committee on Fishery Management and scale forcing in determining the temperature the Advisory Committee on the Marine Envi­ field of the Barents Sea, its time dependence ronment, the Professional Secretaries, and the (long time-series sections) and space­ General Secretary as members, and will meet dependence (differences between time-series at ICES Headquarters from 29 February to 1 sections); March 1996 at Council expense to: e) undertake Atlantic-wide intercomparisons of cod-capelin relationships from the specific

230 C.Res.1995/

viewpoint of their physical and climatic k) investigate cold periods on Baltic Sea cod, controls; with particular emphasis on sea level data, extent of ice cover, number of ice-free days, t) assess whether the closeness of the Brander North Sea inflow events, etc. growth-temperature fit varies regionally ac­ cording to horizontal and vertical inhomoge­ 2: 12 An ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Data­ neity in temperature; base Workshop will be held in Woods Hole, USA from 14-16 November 1995 under the co­ g) compare regional cross-shelf exchange chairmenship of Dr S. Murawski (USA), Dr D mechanisms vis-a-vis Calanus finmarchicus; Mountain (USA), and Dr K. Brander (UK) to:

h) elaborate the pan-Atlantic response to the a) review existing large-scale studies of the rela­ North Atlantic Oscillation signal; tionships between cod, copepods and climate variables; i) describe the time-dependence in Norwegian Sea Intermediate Water production and b) review appropriate methods for time-series spreading position and its role as a control analysis and geostastistical techniques; on C. finmarchicus spread to the southern Norwegian Sea; c) consider the need for, and issues related to, the establishment of a centralised database; j) determine what hydrodynamic or circulation controls determine the contrasting larval d) review existing data sets in order to plan new drift and settlement patterns of cod (inshore data acquisition. --- > offshore) and saithe ( offshore --- > in­ shore) off northern and western Norway as 0-4 months old;

ADVISORY COMMTITEE ON FISHERYMANAGEMENT

C.Res.1995/

2:13:1 The Advisory Committee on Fishery Manage­ the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ ment (Chairman: Mr E. Kirkegaard, Denmark) agement, its subsidiary groups and other rele­ will meet: vant Council groups;

A. in plenary at ICES Headquarters from 20-23 At the discretion of the General Secretary, the May and from 28 October to 1 November Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Fishery 1996 at Council expense to: Management may invite relevant experts from among the Committees and other groups of the a) prepare the advice and information on fisher­ Council to attend relevant parts of the meetings at ies, living resources and their exploitation and Council expense. the interaction between fisheries and the eco­ B. in Sub-groups at ICES Headquarters imme­ system requested by the Fishery Commissions diately prior to the plenary sessions to: (NEAFC, IBSFC and NASCO), the Euro­ pean Commission and Member Countries of a) review the reports of the Assessment Work­ ICES and other advice which the Committee ing Groups and if necessary update the as­ or Council may consider relevant; sessments and projections; b) contribute, as required, to the preparation of b) prepare first drafts of the the Advisory advice to other regulatory bodies in collabo­ Committee on Fishery Management report; ration with the Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment; c) propose terms of reference for the assessment Working Groups. c) keep under review the form of advice and methods used in order to improve the quality of the advice to fishery managers; Each sub-group will be chaired by an Advisory Committee on Fishery Management member and d) establish and review working procedures for will include the Chairmen of the Assessment the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ Working Groups whose reports are to be re­ agement and propose terms of reference for viewed and a number of the Advisory Committee

231 C.Res.1995/

on Fishery Management members (and alter­ and their Alternates, Chairmen of groups report­ nates) selected by the full Committee at its Octo­ ing to the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ ber-November 1995 meeting. Attendance at agement or their designees and other experts at Council expepse will be limited to the Chairman the invitation of the Chairman of the Advisory and ex officio members of the Advisory Commit­ Committee on Fishery Management. tee on Fishery Management, to the Chairmen of the Assessment Working Groups and to one na­ 2:13:2 The Arctic Fisheries Working Group (Chair­ tional member at one of the sub-groups within man: Mr K. Sunnana, Norway) will meet at the year. ICES Headquarters from 21-29 August 1996 to:

Sub-Group I will meet from 16-18 May 1996 to a) assess the status of and provide catch options review the reports of the: for 1997 for the stocks of cod, haddock, • Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Work- saithe, redfish, and Greenland halibut in Sub­ ing Group, areas I and II taking into account interactions • Baltic Fish Assessment Working Group, with other species; • Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon. b) provide estimates of the IDlilllllum biologi­ Sub-Group II will meet from 16-18 May 1996 cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ to review the reports of the: mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, • North-Western Working Group, with an explanation of the basis on which the • Study Group on the Biology and Assessment estimates are obtained; of Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources, • Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries c) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ Working Group, ent . management scenarios, taking into ac­ • Herring Assessment Working Group for the count uncertainties in data and assessments Area South of 62°N. and possible stock-recruitment relationships, and indicate the associated probability of the Sub-Group m will meet from 24-26 October stocks falling or remaining below MBAL 1996 to review the reports of the: within a stated time period. • Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal Stocks in the North Sea and The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ Skagerrak, vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ • Pandalus Assessment Working Group, agement with the information required to respond • Working Group on the Assessment of North- to the requests for advice from the North-East ern Shelf Demersal Stocks. Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European Commission. Sub-Group IV will meet from 24-26 October 1996 to review the reports of the: 2:13:3 The Atlanto-Scandian Herring, Capelin and Blue • Working Group on the Assessment of Mack­ Whiting Assessment Working Group will be re­ erel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine and Anchovy, named the Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting • Working Group on the Assessment of South­ Fisheries Working Group (Chairman: Mr I. ernShelf Demersal Stocks, R.0ttingen, Norway) and will meet in Bergen, • Arctic Fisheries Working Group. Norway from 23-29 April 1996 to:

C. for Consultations to be held at national ex­ a) assess the status of and provide catch options pense on 26 September 1996 and at other for 1997 for the Norwegian spring-spawning times as required during the 84th Annual Sci­ herring stock and catch options for the 1996- ence Conference to: 1997 season for the Icelandic summer-spawn­ ing herring stock; a) prepare terms of reference, dates and venues for meetings of groups reporting to b) provide any new information on the present the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ spatial and temporal distribution of Nor­ agement in 1997, and wegian spring-spawning herring;

b) conduct other business related to the c) assess the status of capelin in Sub-areas V and functioning of the Advisory Committee on XIV and provide catch options for the sum­ Fishery Management. mer/autumn 1996 andwinter 1997 seasons;

The Consultations will be open to the Advisory d) assess the status of and provide catch options Committee on Fishery Management members for capelin in Sub-areas I and II ( excluding

232 C.Res.1995/

Division Ila west of 5 °W) for the sum­ identified should be subject to the requirement mer/autumn 1996 and winter 1997 seasons; of maintaining the catch at as high a level as possible that is consistent with the above ob­ e) consider further possibilities for the incorpo­ jective; ration of biological interactions into the as­ sessments of capelin, herring, and cod stocks; c) provide any new information on the status of sea trout and rainbow trout stocks in the Bal­ f) assess the status of and provide catch options tic; for 1997 and 1998 for the blue whiting stock; d) evaluate the available information on mor­ g) update the information on the spatial and tem­ tality caused by M-74 in Baltic salmon stocks poral distribution of the stock and fisheries on and the relationship between M-74 and subse­ blue whiting; quent parr and smolt abundance;

h) provide estimates of the IIllilll11um biologi­ e) evaluate the appropriateness of employing a cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ fixed balance between reared and wild mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, salmon smolts as a management objective with an explanation of the basis on which the and, if appropriate, on the level at which that estimates are obtained; balance should be set;

i) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ f) provide information on the relationship be­ ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ tween the numbers of salmon smolts released count uncertainties in data and assessments and catch possibilities; and possible stock-recruitment relationships, and indicate the associated probability of the g) evaluate the impact on the salmon stocks and stocks falling or remaining below MBAL fisheries of increased mesh sizes in drift net within a stated time period. fisheries, and particularly on the wild salmon component; The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ h) evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of em­ agement with theinformation required to respond ploying the delayed release technique as a to the requests for advice from the North-East means of achieving the objective stated in Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European item (d); Commission. i) evaluate the use of adipose fin-clipping of 2: 13:4 The Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment reared salmon smolts as a tool in the assess­ Working Group (Chairman: Dr L. Karlsson, ment of wild and reared stocks and in the de­ Sweden) will meet in Riga, Latvia from 16-24 velopment of management strategies; April 1996 to: j) describe the fleets operating in the Baltic a) describe the salmon fisheries in the Baltic in salmon fisheries and the catches and by­ 1995, assess the status of the stocks (wild and catches in terms of species and size com­ reared) and provide for 1997 management position; options (including catch options in numbers of fish) necessary to prevent any decrease in the k) evaluate data on the prevalence of predation natural production of smolts from the average by seals on salmon in fishing gears and iden­ levels in 1992-1994; tify research and information required to ad­ vise on how this predation might be reduced b) assess on a river basis the potential natural production of salmon and identify manage­ and report to the Marine Mammals Commit­ tee; ment measures for 1997 and subsequent years (such as TACs, restriction of fishing to areas where only reared salmon occur, delayed 1) provide a definition of wild salmon. opening of coastal fisheries until homing wild salmon have passed through the respective The first day of the meeting will be devoted to a fishing areas) which would gradually increase Workshop on Intercomparison of Monitoring the production of wild salmon to attain by the Techniques and Productivity Estimates of Baltic year 2010 at least 50% of the natural produc­ Salmon Rivers. An invitation to this Workshop tion capacity of each river with current or will be sent by the General Secretary to an ap­ potential production of salmon. All measures propriate scientific institute in Lithuania.

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The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ 2:13:6 The North-Western Working Group (Chair­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ man: Mr J. Reinert' (Denmark) will meet at agement with theinformation required to respond ICES Headquarters from 1-8 May 1996 to: to the requests for advice from the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission, the European a) assess the status of and provide catch options Commission and the Helsinki Commission. for 1997 for the combined Green­ land/Icelandic cod stock; 2: 13:5 The Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South of 62°N (Chairman: Mr R. b) assess the status of and provide catch options Toresen, Norway) will meet at ICES Head­ for 1997 forthe stocks of redfish in Sub-areas quarters from 9-18 April 1996 to: V, VI, XII, and XIV, Greenland halibut in Sub-areas V and XIV, saithe in Division Va a) assess the status of and provide catch options and Division Vb, and cod and haddock in (by fleet where possible) for 1997 for the Division Vb; North Sea autumn-spawning herring stock in Division Illa, Sub-area IV, and Division VIId c) provide estimates of the minimum biologi­ (separately, if possible, for Divisions IVc and cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ VIId), the herring stocks in Division Via and mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, Sub-area VII, and the stock of with an explanation of the basis on which the spring-spawning herring in Division Illa and estimates are obtained; Sub-divisions 22-24 (Western Baltic); d) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ b) assess the status of and provide catch options ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ for 1996 for the sprat stocks in Sub-area IV count uncertainties in data and assessments and Divisions Illa and VIId,e; and possible stock-recruitment relationships, and indicate the associated probability of the c) provide the data requested by the Multispe­ stocks falling or remaining below MBAL cies Assessment Working Group (quarterly within a stated time period; catches and mean weights at age in the catch and stock for 1995 by statistical rectangle of e) provide a detailed description of the various the North Sea forherring and sprat); fleets (i.e. gears, seasons, main fishing grounds, and main species) and, where poss­ d) provide estimates of the minimum biologi­ ible, provide the landings, selection parame­ cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ ters, and annual mortalities by fleet and spe­ mass (MBAL) foras many stocks as possible, cies; with an explanation of the basis on which the estimates are obtained; t) update information on the stock identity, mi­ gration, spawning areas and state of exploita­ e) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ tion of the oceanic stock of Sebastesmentella, ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ paying particular attention to the question of count uncertainties in data and assessments whether the assessment based on acoustic and and possible stock-recruitment relationships, catch data represents the total exploitable and indicate the associated probability of the stock taking into account the latest survey stocks falling or remaining below MBAL data. within a stated time period; The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ t) review the need for, and coverage of herring vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ larvae surveys with a view to enhancing and agement with the information required to respond improving both the surveys and analysis. to the request for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission. The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ 2:13:7 The Working Group on the Assessment of agement with the information required to respond Demersal and Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic will to the requests for advice from the North-East be renamed the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Atlantic Fisheries Commission, the International Working Group (Chairman: Mr S. Munch- Baltic Sea Fishery Commission and the European Commission. 1 elected by ACFM at its October/November 1995 Meeting; to be approved by the Council at 1996 ICES Annual Science Conference

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Petersen, Denmark) and will meet at ICES agement with the information required to respond Headquarters from16-25 April 1996 to: to requests for advice from the North-East At­ lantic Fisheries Commission, the International a) assess the status of and provide catch options Baltic Sea Fishery Commission, the European for 1996 and 1997 for the cod stocks in the Commission and the Helsinki Commission. Baltic (including Sub-Division 23); 2: 13:8 The Working Group on the Assessment of De­ b) assess the status of and provide catch options mersal Stocks in the North Sea and Skagerrak for1997 for the cod stock in the Kattegat and (Chairman: Mr P. Degnbol, Denmark) will meet sole stocks in Division Illa; at ICES Headquarters from 7-15 October 1996 to: c) assess the status of and provide catch options for 1997 for the stocks of sprat in Sub-Divi­ a) assess the status of and provide catch options sions 22-32; for 1997 for the stocks of cod, haddock, whiting, saithe, sole, and plaice in Sub-area d) assess the status of and provide catch options IV, Division Illa (excluding sole in Division for 1997 for the stocks of herring in Sub­ IIIa and cod in the Kattegat), and Division Divisions 25-32, providing separate informa­ VIId (excluding haddock and saithe), taking tion for Gulf of Riga herring; into account as far as possible the technical interactions among the stocks due to the e) report on changes in the fisheries for de­ mixed-species fisheries; mersal and pelagic stocks in the Baltic Sea; b) assess the status of Norway pout and sandeel f) provide information on the state of flatfish stocks in Sub-Area IV and Divisions IIIa and stocks in the Baltic; Vla and advise on the need for any manage­ ment measures required to safeguard the g) review any new information on maturity stocks; ogives; c) quantify the species composition of by­ h) provide estimates of the minimum biologi­ catches taken in the fisheries for Norway pout cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ and sandeel in the North Sea and adjacent (MBAL) mass for as many stocks as possible, waters and make this information available to with an explanation of the basis on which the the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of estimates are obtained; Fishing Activities;

i) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ d) provide estimates of the mmimum biologi­ ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ count uncertainties in data and assessments mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, and possible stock-recruitment relationships, with an explanation of the basis on which the and indicate the associated probability of the estimates are obtained; stocks falling or remaining below MBAL within a stated time period; e) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ j) evaluate the potential for multispecies and count uncertainties in data and assessments multi-annual catch options; and possible stock-recruitment relationships, and indicate the associated probability of the k) identify and evaluate the interaction between stocks falling or remaining below MBAL cod, herring, sprat and salmon stocks in the within a stated time period; Baltic Sea; f) provide the data requested by the Multi­ 1) evaluate the effect of a ban on the pelagic species Assessment Working Group (quar­ trawl fishery for cod in April-May on the terly catches and mean weights at age in the spawning stock biomass and yield of cod; catch and stock for 1995 for all species in the multispecies model that are assessed by this m) describe the fleets operating in the Baltic Working Group); and the catches and by-catches in terms of species and size composition. The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ Theabove terms of reference are set up to pro­ agement with the information required to respond vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man- to the requests for advice from the North-East

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Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European b) provide estimates of the rmmmum biologi­ Commission. cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, 2:13:9 The Worki�g Group on the Assessment of with an explanation of the basis on which the Mackerel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine, and An­ estimates are obtained; chovy (Chairman: Ms C. Porteiro, Spain) will meet at ICES Headquarters from 13-22 August c) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ 1996 to: ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ count uncertainties in data and assessments a) assess the status of and provide revised catch and possible stock-recruitment relationships, options for 1997 for the stocks of mackerel and indicate the associated probability of the and horse mackerel ( defining stocks as ap­ stocks falling or remaining below MBAL propriate); within a stated time period.

b) assess the status of and provide catch options The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ for 1997 for the sardine stock in Divisions vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ VIiie and IXa, and the anchovy stocks in agement with the information required to respond Sub-Area VIII and Division IXa; to the requests for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European c) provide data requested by the Multispecies Commission. Assessment Working Group (quarterly catches and mean weights at age in the catch 2:13:11 The Working Group on the Assessment of and stock for 1995 by statistical rectangle of Southern Shelf Demersal Stocks (Chairman: the North Sea for mackerel and horse mack­ Mr M. Pawson, UK) will meet at ICES Head­ erel); quarters from 3-12 September 1996 to:

d) provide estimates of the rmmmum biologi­ a) assess the status of and provide catch options cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ for 1996 for stocks of cod, whiting, plaice, mass (MBAL) foras many stocks as possible, and sole in Divisions Vlle-k, and sole in Sub­ with an explanation of the basis on which the Area VIII; estimates are obtained; b) provide information on the state of exploi­ e) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ tation and, where possible, provide catch and ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ management options for 1997 for hake stocks count uncertainties in data and assessments in Sub-Areas III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, and IX and possible stock-recruitment relationships, and for stocks of anglerfish and megrim in and indicate the associated probability of the Sub-Areas VII, VIII, and IX; stocks falling or remaining below MBAL withina stated time period; c) provide estimates of the minimum biologi­ cally acceptable level of spawning stock bio­ The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ mass (MBAL) for as many stocks as possible, vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ with an explanation of the basis on which the agement with the information required to respond estimates are obtained; to the requests for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European d) prepare medium-term forecasts under differ­ Commission. ent management scenarios, taking into ac­ count uncertainties in data and assessments 2:13:10 The Working Group on the Assessment of and possible stock-recruitment relationships, Northern Shelf Demersal Stocks (Chairman: Dr and indicate the associated probability of the M. Armstrong, UK) will meet at ICES Head­ stocks falling or remaining below MBAL quarters from 26 June to 5 July 1996 to: within a stated time period.

a) assess the status of and provide catch options The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ for 1997 for the stocks of cod, haddock, vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ whiting, saithe, megrim, and anglerfish in agement with the information required to respond Sub-Area VI, and cod, haddock, whiting, to the requests for advice from the North-East plaice, and sole in Division Vila taking into Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European account technical interactions in mixed spe­ Commission. cies fisheries;

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2: 13: 12 TheWorking Group on North Atlantic Sabnon ii. provide catch options with an assessment (Chairman: Mr E.C.E. Potter, UK) will meet in of risks relative to the objective of Moncton, Canada from 10-19 April 1996 to: achieving target spawning escapement;

a) with respect to Atlantic salmon in each t) with respect to Atlantic salmon in the NAS­ Commission area: CO area, provide a compilation of microtag, finclip and external tag releases by ICES i. describe the events of the 1995 fisheries, Member Countries in 1995;

ii. describe the status of the stocks and, g) provide a definition of wild salmon; where appropriate, evaluate the causes for any changes in salmon abundance with h) evaluate the methods used in the estimation of special reference to changes in natural unreported landings; mortality, i) provide information on, and explanations for, iii. identify data deficiencies and research re­ changes in growth rate and mean weight at quirements relevant to the management of age and changes in the proportion of different salmon stocks; size groups in the fisheries.

b) report on significant research developments The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ which might assist NASCO with the man­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ agement of salmon stocks, with special refer­ agement with the informationrequired to respond ence to: to the request for advice from the North-Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation. i. possible explanations for changes in sea­ age at maturityof Atlantic salmon, 2:13:13 The Study Group on the Biology and Assess­ ment of Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources ii. thecriteria fordefining salmon stocks; (Chairman: Dr J.D.M. Gordon, UK) will meet at ICES Headquarters from 15-21 February 1996 c) update the evaluation of the effects of the to: following measures on the stocks and fisher­ ies occurring in the respective Commission a) compile and analyse available data on a num­ areas: ber of deep-water species (namely argentines, orange roughy, roundnose grenadier, black i. quota management and closures imple­ scabbard fish, golden eye perch (Beryx splen­ mented after 1991 in the Canadian com­ dens) and red (blackspot) seabream (Pagellus mercial salmon fisheries, bogaraveo) in the ICES area and, if possible, provide assessments of the state of the stocks ii. the suspension of commercial fishing ac­ andthe level of exploitation; tivity at theFaroes since 1991, b) provide information on the stocks and state of iii. the suspension of commercial fishing ac­ exploitation of the stocks of blue ling, ling, tivity during 1993 and 1994 at West and tusk in Divisions and Sub-Areas Ila, IVa, Greenland; V, VI, VII and XIV and identify outstanding data requirements. d) with respect to the fishery in the West Green­ land Commission area: The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ i. review the age specific target spawning agement with the information required to respond levels in Canadian rivers, to the request for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission. ii. provide catch options with an assessment of risks relative to the objective of 2:13:14 A Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Work­ achieving target spawning escapement; ing Group will be established under the chair­ manship of Dr G. Stefansson (Iceland), and will e) with respect to fisheries and stocks in the meet at ICES Headquarters from 17-26 June North-East Atlantic Commission area: 1996 to:

i. provide estimates of age specific spawning a) taking into account the future activities of targets, Scientific Committees, define in detail the components required for comprehensive and

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interdisciplinary evaluations of multispecies possible interaction with other living marine and multifleet fisheries in all parts of the resources. ICES area. Such evaluations should inter alia include: The above terms of reference are set up to pro­ vide the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ 1. providing a complete description of agement with the information required to re­ available information relevant to the spond to the request for advice from the North population dynamics of the stock (s) in­ Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. volved, 2:13: 16 The Multispecies Assessment Working Group ii. providing a complete description of the (Chairman: Dr J Rice, Canada) will work by fisheries and fleets currently and histori­ correspondence in 1996 and meet in early 1997 cally operating on the stock (s), to update the multispecies assessment of the North Sea, taking into account as many groups iii. suggested improvements for the present of predators and prey as possible. assessments and predictions, 2:13:17 A Pandalus Assessment Working Group will iv. describing fully the components required be established under the chairmanship of Mr S. for modelling of the stock (s) including Tveite (Norway) and will work by correspon­ sensitivity analyses, targets and thresh­ dence in 1996 to: olds, as relevant, a) assess the status of the stocks of Pandalus v. describing any potential stock- borealis in the North Sea, Skagerrak and identification problems and associated Kattegat and provide catch options for 1997; simulation trials, b) report to the Advisory Committee on Fish­ vi. consideration of all sources of uncertainty, ery Management for its meeting in October­ November 1996. vii. the composition of a comprehensive re­ port on the population biology of the stock This Working Group is set up to provide the (s), fisheries, assessment methodology Advisory Committee on Fishery Management and medium-term projections, with the with the information required to respond to the aim of publication; requests for advice from the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission and the European Com­ b) continue the comprehensive evaluation of mission. North Sea flatfish fisheries with the aim of preparing a final report by 1997; 2:13:18 A Study Group on the Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species will be established 2 c) develop an appropriate programme of other under the chairmanship of Dr R. Mohn case studies reflecting the interests of the (Canada), and will work by correspondence in whole ICES Area. 1996 to :

2: 13: 15 The Joint ICES/NAFO Working Group on a) compile available information on the abun­ Harp and Hooded Seals (Chairman: Dr G. dance, distribution and exploitation (catches Stenson, Canada) will meet at ICES Headquar­ or landings) by ICES Division of commer­ ters on dates to be decided in 1997 to: cial fish and shellfish species not currently assessed within ICES; a) assess the stock size, distribution and pup production of harp seals in the Barents Sea b) evaluate trends in the populations of these and White Sea; species over time and, wherever possible, their state of exploitation; b) assess sustainable yields at present stock sizes and in the long term under varying options of c) report to the Advisory Committee on Fish­ age composition in the catch; ery Management at its meeting in October­ November 1996. c) provide catch options in the White Sea and Barents Sea;

2 d) assess the effects of recent environmental Elected by ACFM at its October-November 1995 changes or changes in the food supply and Meeting: to be approved by the Council at 1996 ICES Annual Science Conference.

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The report will be made available to the Work­ This Study Group is set up to provide the Advi­ ing Group on the Ecosystem Effects of Fishing sory Committee on Fishery Management with Activities. the information required to respond to the re­ quest for advice from the European Commis­ sion.

ADVISORYCOMMITfEE ON THEMARINE ENVIRONMENT

C.Res./1995

2:14:1 The Advisory Committee on the Marine Envi­ e) review the outcome of the QUASIMEME ronment (Chairman: Dr K. Richardson, Den­ interlaboratory study on planar CBs in ma­ mark) will meet at ICES Headquarters from 10- rine media and advise on the development of 15 June 1996 at Council expense to: guidelines for the sampling of marine biota (with WGEAMS) and their analysis for non­ a) respond to requests for advice from the ortho and mono-ortho CBs (OSPAR 2.2); Commissions, other regulatory agencies, and t) provide further information on analytical Member Countries; methods and choice of matrices for the measurement of the presence of organotin b) prepare a scoping paper on the development compounds in the marine environment of an ICES framework to handle issues rele­ (HELCOM 8); vant to sustainable development, biodiversity, and species and habitats; g) review and report on the outcome of the Workshop on Estuarine Behaviour of Met­ c) review developments in the Global Ocean als; Observing System (GOOS) and consider po­ tential ICES contributions. h) prepare draft advice on alternative methods for the determination of lipids in marine Through the auspices of the General Secretary, samples (OSPAR 2.1); the Chairmen of the Statistics Committee and the Marine Mammals Committee or their designates i) review the results of co-ordinated investiga­ will be invited to participate in the preparation tions on lipids as co-factors and report on for and attend the 1996 meeting or parts thereof. their implications for monitoring pro­ grammes; 2:14:2 The Marine Chemistry Working Group (Chairman: Dr W. Cofino, Netherlands) will j) review the progress in the understanding of meet from 12-17 February 1996 in Lisbon, Por-. chemical associations of various metals and tugal to: liver lipid types and indicate possible impli­ cations for monitoring programmes; a) review and report on the plans for the Sixth lntercomparison Exercise on the Analysis of k) assess the review notes on modem pesti­ Nutrients in Sea Water (NUTS 6); cides, Igarol 1051, tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane and tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol, b) develop monitoring guidelines for polycyclic triphenyltin, butyltin and organo-mercury; aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and bi­ ota, paying attention to appropriate detection 1) update, where appropriate, the list of con­ limits, and the number of replicate samples taminants which can be monitored on a rou­ required per sampling area in order to char­ tine basis, including a discussion about ac­ acterise the sampling area for sediments tual analytical proficiency based on recent (with WGMS) and biota (with WGEAMS) (OSPAR 1.1); interlaboratory studies; m) review and report on progress on a JOmt c) review and report on the progress in the In­ study to compare and contrast the different tercomparison Exercise on the Analysis of results of using multivariate methods on a Trace Metals in Sea Water; common data set on PCBs in fish-eating d) review and report on the status of the EU­ marine mammals; QUASIMEME project and its implications forthe work of the MCWG;

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n) review and report on how published reports · h) produce a report on variance factors in have utilised covariation between dissolved sediment metal and organic data to meet the organic carbon (DOC) and other substances; needs of WGSAEM;

o) provide a report on general principles i) assess the relationship between the accumu­ (chemical and biological) governing the lation and the depth distribution of metals in transfer of halogenated organic contaminants marine sediments and the input of these illustrated by a few examples, with the aim same metals from local natural and anthro­ of facilitating a more detailed request by pogenic sources to define limitations in the HELCOM; use of sediment metal distributions for re­ flecting trends in anthropogenic input func­ p) examine the feasibility of, and potential tions. contributions to, an Environmental Status Report for the ICES area on an annual basis 2:14:4 The Working Group on Biological Effects of and report to Advisory Committee on the Contaminants (Chairman: Dr R. Stagg, UK) Marine Environment by the end of 1995. will meet from 4-7 March 1996 in Ostend, Bel­ gium to: 2:14:3 The Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution (Chairman: Dr S. Rowlatt, a) review and report on existing biological ef­ UK) will meet from 4-7 March 1996 in Ostend, fects techniques recommended by the Group, Belgium to: including clearance rate and scope for growth (SFG) measurements, and oestrogenic con­ a) prepare a report on the results of tests of taminants; normalisation techniques carried out inter­ sessionally; b) elaborate guidelines for the use of recom­ mended techniques for biological effects b) assist in the preparation of monitoring monitoring and interpretation of results, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocar­ identify information on possible new tech­ bons (with MCWG and WGEAMS) with niques (OSPAR 1.3); particular attention to the number of repli­ cate samples required per sampling area to c) prepare draft advice on the use of biological characterise the sediment sampling area and effects techniques for identifying the extent to the normalisation techniques required (e.g. which PCBs in marine mammals generate ef­ grain size, total organic carbon) (OSPAR fects at the species and/or population level 1.1); (with SGSEAL) (OSPAR 1.2);

c) review and report on an assessment of tem­ d) provide information on methods to determine poral trend data at various sites in the ICES the biological effects of contaminants on re­ area (to be carried out intersessionally by production, immunology, and metabolism of the ICES Secretariat); marine organisms, mainly fish (HELCOM 9); d) report on the post-depositional mobility and degradation of organic contaminants in e) Review research proposals on: sediments; • linkages between effects of contaminants on individuals and communities, e) review and report on standard operating • particle transport in a maritime area influ­ procedures dealing with metal, PAH, QC enced by upwelling of lipid droplets and pesticides and CB analyses in sediments; the deposition of atmospheric material, and f) review and report on the cycling of nutrients • a study of the risks of harmful effects on (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) in benthic communities in marine sediments; sediments and their release to the water col­ umn; this should be undertaken in the con­ f) review the progress on the results of inter - text of nutrient supply to phytoplankton; comparison exercises for biological effects techniques including: scope for growth, ace­ g) report on the opportunities for the use of tylcholinesterase and lysosomal stability; tracers (such as stable isotopes) in sediment studies, for example, in relation to the g) review information provided by WGPDMO OSPARCOM monitoring objectives; on the usefulness of externally visible fish diseases and liver pathology for the monitor-

240 C.Res.1995/

ing of biological effects of contaminants and f) review and comment on reports of new ini­ on methodologies for fish disease surveys; tiatives and results of field and experimental investigations linking sediment chemistry and h) review descriptions of techniques to be in­ biological effects studies; cluded in the ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences series; g) review and comment on further progress in the development of chronic and sublethal i) discuss and report on the current state of QA sediment bioassays. procedures in biological effects monitoring; 2:14:6 The Working Group on Environmental As­ j) assess biological effects measurements (e.g., sessment and Monitoring Strategies imposex in molluscs) that can reflect re­ (Chairman: Dr I. Davies, UK) will meet from sponses to organotin compound exposure and, 18-22 March 1996 in 6regrund, Sweden to: if appropriate, recommend methods with due regard for response sensitivity to other stimuli a) examine the current status of the Cooperative that might give false indications of organotin ICES Monitoring Studies Programme and exposure; make recommendations as to whether it is still required and, if so, in what form; k) develop guidelines on the statistical design of biological effects monitoring programmes; b) assist in the development of monitoring guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- 1) consider the effects of UVB radiation on the bons in sediments (with WGMS) and biota marine environment. (with MCWG), including the number of rep­ licate samples per area to characterise the 2:14:5 A joint meeting of the Working Group on Ma­ sampling area(OSPAR 1.1); rine Sediments in Relation to Pollution and the Working Group on Biological Effects of Con­ c) assist (with MCWG) in the development of taminants will be held under the chairmanshipof guidelines for the sampling of marine biota Dr I. Davies(UK), from29 February to 2 March for studies of non-ortho and mono-ortho CBs 1996 in Ostend, Belgium to: (OSPAR 2.2);

a) review and report on new information and d) consider the current (revised) guidelines on hypotheses concerning factors controlling the chemical monitoring of fish and shellfish in availability to marine organisms of contami­ relation to ICES advice on monitoring strate­ nants in sediments; gies;

b) review and report on factors controlling the e) review developments following the OSPAR­ release of contaminants from sediment, and COM/ICES Workshop on Biological Effects the implications of this for assessment of the Monitoring held in Aberdeen in October relative importance of different exposure 1995, in relation to ICES advice on monitor­ routes to marine organisms; ing strategies;

c) begin the development of guidelines for f) discuss progress with the development of the monitoring based on the strategy outlined in HELCOM COMBINE (BMP and CMP) and the 1994 report of the joint meeting of prepare any draft advice considered neces­ WGBEC and WGMS; sary, particularly in terms of better sampling strategy and further improvement in the qual­ d) prepare recommendations on the integration ity of the database (HELCOM 4); of biological and chemical measurements on sediments in relation to the objectives of g) assess the implications of the results of the AMAP; ICES/HELCOM Baseline Study of Contami­ nants in Baltic Sea Sediments for future e) review progress with the research proposal sediment monitoring strategies; included as Annex 5 of the 1994 Joint Meet­ ing Report (ICES, Doc.C.M.1994/Env:2) h) review the marine component of the Arctic concerned with investigating linkages between Monitoring and Assessment Programme with contaminants in sediments, bioaccumulation a view to providing advice on further devel­ and biological effects, and receive and com­ opments, taking into account the impact of ment on other proposals for collaborative ac­ Arctic conditions on the monitoring pro­ tivities in similar and related subject areas; gramme and interpretation of results;

241 C.Res.1995/

i) compare existing results for the monitoring of b) assess and report on the current status of fish, contaminants in eggs of the six seabird spe­ shellfish, algal, and other introductions in and cies identified in the 1995 WGEAMS report, between ICES Member Countries; and report on the application of food chain bioaccumulation models, liaising with the c) continue to review scientific studies on ballast Working Group on Seabird Ecology as re­ water issues, including intercalibration of quired; ballast water and sediment sampling tech­ niques, the management of ballast water, on­ j) report on the relative effectiveness of the going studies of control and treatment, and preparation of Environmental Assessments on the impacts of ballast water introductions on a regional or a subject basis, in the light of fisheries (including mariculture) and report on experience in, for example, the North Sea the findings; and the Baltic Sea areas; d) continue to assess biocontrol activities, re­ k) develop an approach to decision making re­ search and the development of risk assess­ garding the appropriate power of temporal ment methods relative to the management of trend monitoring programmes; non-indigenous marine organisms and report on the results; 1) discuss developments in statistical aspects of monitoring, in relation to the new OSPAR­ e) assess and report on whether there are disease COM and HELCOM programmes; and ecological implications arising from the introduction and transfer of aquarium m) examine the feasibility of, and potential (ornamental) marine and estuarine species contributions to, an Environmental Status into ICES Member Countries; Report for the ICES area on an annual basis and report to the Advisory Committee on t) assess the potential for co-ordination of data­ theMarine Environment by the end of 1995. bases on the introductions and transfers of marine organisms that are being created in 2:14:7 A joint meeting of the Working Group on En­ individual ICES Member Countries and else­ vironmental Assessment and Monitoring where; Strategies and the Working Group on Statisti­ cal Aspects of Environmental Monitoring will g) on the basis of an IOC Assembly Resolution, be held from 14-16 March 1996 in Stockholm, develop a proposal for a group to be co­ Sweden under the chairmanship of Dr R. Fryer sponsored by ICES, IOC and IMO on the (UK), to: topic of the implications and management of ships' ballast water and sediments. a) review and agree on a final text for the draft ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Through the auspices of the General Secretary Sciences document on detailed objectives for representatives of IOC and IMO will be invited temporal trend monitoring programmes; to attend.

b) review and report on progress on setting ob­ 2: 14:9 The Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of jectives for, and the design of, spatial moni­ Fishing Activities3 (Chairman: Dr S. Hall, UK) toring programmes. will meet at ICES Headquarters from 13-20 March 1996 to: 2: 14:8 The Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (Chairman: a) analyse survey data in terms of appropriate Prof. J.T. Carlton, USA) will meet in Gdynia, summary parameters for species assemblages, Poland from 22-26 April 1996 to: with a view to continue the study of biodi­ versity and changes in community structure; a) meet with the Working Group on Non­ indigenous Estuarine and Marine Organisms b) examine trends in abundance of non-target (NEMO) of the Baltic Marine Biologists and non-assessed fish and shellfish species, (BMB) association, to consider current criti­ taking into account other ICES reports on cal issues arising from exotic species inva­ non-assessed species; sions in the Baltic Sea, and the potential risk c) refine and implement approaches for quantify­ of future invasions via shipping and other ing the susceptibility of species to fishing ef­ anthropogenic activities, and to facilitate fects; contacts with Eastern European experts on the issues of introductions and transfers; 3 This Working Group reports to ACFM and ACME.

242 C.Res.1995/

d) analyse available data on system responses in tivities of the Working Group to ecosystems areas where fishing has been reduced; outside the North Sea.

e) summarise any new work undertaken on the 2:14:10 A Workshop on Estuarine Behaviour of Trace estimation of by-catches and discards and Metals (Convenor: M J.F. Chiffoleau, France) their exploitation by scavengers; will be held from 9-10 February 1996 in Lisbon, Portugal, immediately preceding the meeting of f) prepare work as required for the Intermediate Marine Chemistry Working Group, to: Ministerial Meeting on Fisheries and the En­ vironment (1997) and ultimately for the Fifth a) characterise estuaries, and assess processes International Conference on the Protection of which are important in transporting metals to the North Sea, and address the implications of the ocean in the different types of estuaries; applying the precautionary principle to fisher­ ies activity; b) evaluate different models to study estuarine processes and fluxes. g) review relevant activities within the entire ICES area with a view to extending the ac-

FISHCAPTURE COMMITfEE

C.Res.1995/

2:15 The Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics selection properties of gears used in Baltic Science and Technology (Chairman: Mr E.J. Sea fisheries for cod and on the survival rate Simmonds, UK) will meet in Woods Hole, USA of cod escaping through the meshes, and from 17-19 April 1996 to: report to the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group and the Advisory Com­ a) discuss echo classification methods and re­ mittee on Fishery Management; sults including shoal parameters, evaluation and definitions, methods and problems, be­ e) update the advice to the Baltic Fisheries havioural parameters, standardisation, signal Assessment Working Group and the classification, and interpretation of echo­ Advisory Committee on Fishery grams; Management on appropriate mesh sizes corresponding to a L50 of 38 cm for cod in: b) define fish behavioural aspects that affect i. exit windows installed in codends of cod acoustic surveys with the aim of identifying trawls with 105 mm codends, the most tractable problems. ii. codends withstandard diamond meshes; 2: 16 The Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (Chairman: Dr S.J. f) advise the Baltic International Survey Walsh, Canada) will meet in Woods Hole, Assessment Working Group and the Baltic USA from 15-18 April 1996 to: Fish Committee on a standard multispecies survey bottom trawl to be used for resource a) review and evaluate progress in estimating assessment in the Baltic Sea. efficiency of sampling gears used to derive survey abundance indices of different life 2: 17 A Study Group on Grid (Grate) Sorting history stages of marine and fresh water Systems in Trawls, Beam Trawls and Seine species; Nets will be established under the chairmanship of Mr J.W. Valdemarsen (Norway) and will b) make recommendations for future research meet in Woods Hole, USA from 13-14 April on survey gears that will improve the 1996 to: reliability and precision of survey abundance indices; a) review current research on grid (grate) sorting systems for different fisheries; c) consider other related research in fishing technology and fish behaviour; b) identify opportunities for further application of grid (grate) devices to improve selectivity d) review and summarise the results of the in single and mixed species fisheries; experiments and studies made so far on the

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c) assess the advantages and disadvantages of experiments on the same nominal mesh size grids as selective devices in comparison can be used to derive a unified estimate; with other techniques; The Study Group will report to the Fish d) report its findings and recommendations to Capture and Statistics Committees, and will the Working Group on Fishing Technology make its report available to the Working Group and Fish Behaviour, the Advisory on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour and Committee on Fishery Management and the the Advisory Committee on Fishery Advisory Committee on the Marine Management. Environment. Participation is required from statisticians, and 2: 18 A Study Group on the Use of Selectivity experts in gear technology and fish stock Measurements in Stock Assessment will be assessment. established under the chairmanship of Dr R.M. Cook (UK) and will meet in Woods Hole, USA 2:19 The Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality from 19-20 April 1996 to: in Fisheries (Chairman: Mr A. Frechet, Can­ ada) will work by correspondence in 1996 to: a) evaluate whether selectivity parameters obtained under experimental conditions are a) review and summarise any new work under­ good predictors of the selectivity of taken on the estimate of unaccounted mortality commercial fleets using the same nominal in fisheries; mesh size; b) develop priorities for future research; b) suggest ways in which experimentally obtained selectivity parameters can be c) plan for a final meeting in 1997. translated into whole fleet selectivity estimates; The Study Group will report to the Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour and the c) consider ways in which estimates of Fish Capture Committee. selectivity parameters obtained in different

HYDROGRAPHY COMMITIEE

C.Res.1994/

2:20 The Working Group on Marine Data Man­ f) critically review the available bathymetric agement (Chairman: Dr L.J. Rickards, UK) data sets for the North West European will meet in Copenhagen, Denmark from 22-24 Shelf; April 1996 to: g) critically assess the IOC Cruise Summary a) assess the post-1990 oceanographic data sent Report, identify weaknesses and suggest im­ to ICES by each Member Country, identify provements. problems and suggest solutions; h) consider the need for a data archaeology project for an expanded range of data b) review progress in the implementation of types, in particular the biological oceano­ IOC' s Global Oceanographic Data Archae­ graphic data types discussed at the 1995 Ar­ ology and Rescue (GODAR) Project in each hus Symposium. ICES Member Country; 2:21 The Working Group on Oceanic Hydrogra­ c) assess the results of the intercomparison of phy (Chairman: Dr E. Buch, Denmark) will quality assurance methods for station data; meet in Copenhagen, Denmark from 24-26 April 1996 to: d) report on the development of World Wide Web pages and links between them within a) assess quality assurance manuals ICES Member Countries; (equipment, measurements, data processing and training); e) quantitatively analyse the mm1mum re­ quirements for quality assurance of oceano­ b) update and review results from standard graphic data; sections and stations;

244 C.Res.1995/

c) evaluate the outcome from the "Design a) review and finalise a first compilation of Group on Presentation of Results from physical/chemical fluxes in the ICES Area; Standard Sections and Stations" ; b) design an ICES programme to create suitable d) evaluate the results from the Sub-Group on data sets for model validation; Norwegian Sea Deep Water salinities; c) continue the work on harmful algal bloom e) review the conclusions of the second Back­ dynamics by creating a conceptual framework ward Facing Workshop; for sampling and numerical modelling on the physics of the population dynamics; f) evaluate possibilities for ocean climate fore­ casting; d) assess developments in GOOS, in particular with regard to a possible co-ordinated ICES g) assess developments in GOOS; input to the GOOS coastal zone module;

h) review progress in national and international e) produce a review of different scale physical projects in the North Atlantic; processes involved in horizontal and vertical transportation of nutrients into the euphotic i) finalise the report on ICES NANSEN Proj­ layer, and report to the Advisory Committee ect; on the Marine Environment;

j) assess and evaluate the oceanographic in­ f) assist the Working Group on Phytoplankton strumentation; Ecology in producing site-specific multidis­ ciplinary descriptions of the response of the k) comment on a report on ocean pathways of marine environment to anthropogenic nutri­ pollutants in Arctic waters (AMAP); ent inflows in some example areas (e.g. Kattegat, German Bight); 1) examine the feasibility of, and potential contributions to, an Environmental Status g) examine the feasibility of, and potential Report for the ICES Area on an annual ba­ contributions to, an environmental status re­ sis, and report to the Advisory Committee port for the ICES Area on an annual basis, on the Marine Environment by the end of and report to the Advisory Committee on 1995. the Marine Environment by the end of 1995;

2:22 The Working Group on Shelf Seas h) consider the requirements for a project de­ Oceanography (Chairman: Mr E. Svendsen, signed to investigate the mechanisms by Norway) will meet in Lisbon, Portugal from 18- which ice winters affect various aspects of 20 March 1996 to: North Sea ecology.

STATISTICS COMMITTEE

C.Res.1995/ d) review and report on developments in the 2:23 The Working Group on Statistical Aspects of design and effectiveness of monitoring Environmental Monitoring (Chairman: Dr M. programmes. Nicholson, UK) will meet in Stockholm, Sweden from 18-22 March 1996 to: The Working Group will report to both the Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment a) review a report on setting temporal and the Statistics Committee. The report will be monitoring objectives and provide advice on reviewed by a statistician as agreed between the its implementation; Chairman of the Working Group and the Chairman of the Statistics Committee. b) review and report on investigations concerning: appropriate bases for expressing 2:24 The Statistics Committee Liaison Working metal concentrations in fish livers; Group (Chairman, Dr R.M. Cook, UK) will meet at ICES Headquarters for two days in c) review and report on methods for assessing November 1996 to: temporal trends of contaminants;

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a) prepare the ICES position in advance of the The Chairman will attend at Council expense. Co-ordinating Working Party on Atlantic The meeting will be co-ordinated with Fisheries Statistics (CWP) meeting to be held EUROST AT. An adhoe consultation planned for in early 1997; the summer of 1996 to prepare the agenda for the CWP meeting in 1997 should be attended by the b) consider any other issues related to the ICES Fishery Secretary. fisherystatistics programme.

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COMMITI'EE

C.Res.1995/

2:25 The Working Group on the Baltic Marine to develop reliable and cost-effective meth­ Environment (Chairman: Dr H.-P. Hansen, ods: Germany) will meet in Gdynia, Poland from 15- 17 April 1996 to: d) review and report on developments in legal and administrative frameworks and proce­ a) review reports on and summarise publications dures in accordance with ICES Cooperative of joint experiments involving coastal Research Report No. 182; zone/open sea flux studies; e) review and report on requirements for and b) review, report on, and summarise effects of developments in habitat mapping, with par­ the recent salt water intrusions on the living ticular reference to fish and shellfish environment of the Baltic Sea; spawning areas and consider research inves­ tigations and strategies that will lead to an c) review and report on the preparations for the increased understanding of the effects of Baltic Marine Sciences Conference; gregate extraction activities on sensitive or critical habitat areas of importance to the d) examine the feasibility of, and potential early life histories of fish and shellfish contributions to, an Environmental Status stocks spawning on the seabed; Report for the ICES area on an annual basis and report to the Advisory Committee on t) collect material from the work of the the Marine Environment by the end of 1995. Working Group to begin the preparation of a manuscript to be published in the ICES Co­ 2:26 The Working Group on the Effects of Ex­ operative Research Repon series to update traction of Marine Sediments on the Marine No. 182 of thisseries. Ecosystem (Chairman: Dr S.J. de Groot, Netherlands) will meet in Stromness, UK from 2:27 The Steering Group for the Coordination of 23-26 April 1996 to: the Baseline Study of Contaminants in Baltic Sea Sediments (Chairman: Prof. M. Perttila, a) review and report on the status of marine Finland) will meet at ICES Headquarters from sediment extraction activities (in relation to 10-12 April 1996 to: use categories) in ICES Member Countries a) review the quality control and reliability of and related environmental research; the Baseline Study chemical results; b) review and report on the development of b) review and comment on the draft reports seabed resource mapping in ICES Member and articles prepared on the Baseline Study Countries; results; c) produce a draft of the final report on the re­ c) review approaches to Environmental Impact sults of this study; Assessment related to marine extraction op­ erations, and continue to work on sampling d) prepare plans for the Theme Session on this strategies related to impact assessments and Baseline Study to be held at the 1996 An­ monitoring of dredging operations in order nual Science Conference.

246 MARICULTURE COMMITTEE

C.Res. 1995/

2:28 The Working Group on the Application of e) determine the progress to date on develop­ Genetics in Fisheries and Mariculture ment of resistance in oysters to commercially (Chairman: Prof. J. Mork, Norway) will meet significant diseases; in Faro, Portugal from 19-23 February 1996 to: f) evaluate cross reactivity between a DNA a) continue the review of population genetic probe against Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) topics in fisheries and mariculture, including and a Haplosporidium sp. in Pacific oysters the questions of selective fisheries and (Crassostrea gigas); GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms), with emphasis on a combination of qualita­ g) determine the geographic distribution of Ju­ tive and quantitative genetics; venile Oyster Disease (JOD) status of C. vir­ ginica stocks in various ICES Member b) review the contents of the terms «Genetic Countries; resources» and «Management units» with a view to establishing adequate working h) undertake or investigate ongoing transmission definitions, suitable criteria, and methods experiments for infectivity of Bonamia os­ for identification and characterisation of treae to American oysters (Crassostrea vir­ such entities; ginica) and JOD to Pacific andflat oysters, in order to clarify the carrier potential of these c) review thequestion of Genetic Brood Stock oyster species for these diseases; Management with a view to create protocols and recommendations for genetically ade­ i) evaluate the draft format proposed for compi­ quate regimes; lation of a registry of molluscan disease data and compile the comments of ICES headquar­ d) prepare updated protocols of fishery and ters and member countries; mariculture genetic research in the member countries, and identify scopes for enhanced j) review progress made intersessionally with international co-operation; respect to antibiotic sensitivity on fish patho­ genic bacteria; e) consider potential contributions to the 1997 ICES/NASCO Symposium on the k) maintain an overview of the M-74 syndrome "Interactions between Salmon Culture and and the Ichthyophonus issue as a part of its Wild Stocks of Atlantic Salmon: The Scien­ regular agenda and report to the Advisory tific and Management Issues. " Committee on Fishery Management and the Advisory Committee on the Marine Envi­ 2:29 The Working Group on Pathology and Dis­ ronment if new information becomes avail­ eases of Marine Organisms (Chairman: Dr A. able (HELCOM 12); McVicar, UK) will meet at ICES Headquarters from 21-26 March 1996 to: l) examine the feasibility of, and potential contributions to, an Environmental Status a) analyse national reports on new disease trends Report for the ICES Area on an annual ba­ in wild fish, crustacean and mollusc popula­ sis, and report to the Advisory Committee tions; on the Marine Environment by the end of 1995; b) analyse national reports on new disease trends in mariculture for fish and shellfish; m) evaluate progress in the organisation of the ICES Special Meeting on "The Use of Liver c) evaluate the Sub-Group report on the analy­ Pathology of Flatfish for Monitoring Biologi­ sis of wild fishdisease prevalence data; cal Effectsof Contaminants";

d) assemble current information on distinguish­ n) consider potential contributions to the 1997 ing between different finfishviruses in order ICES/NASCO Symposium on the to evaluate the problem of possible misiden­ "Interactions of Salmon Culture and Wild tification; Stocks of Atlantic Salmon: The Scientific and Management Issues";

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o) plan a Special Topic Committee Session enti­ c) report on the current and continuing avail­ tled "Hygiene in Mariculture" for the 1996 ability of live foods for larval marine fish Annual Science Conference; and review the prospects for their replace­ ment with formulated feeds; p) advise on the Organisation lnternationale Epi­ zootic (OIE) and EU listing on the status of d) assess the impact of recent advances in the the parasite Gyrodactylussalaris and report to development of alternative on-growing sys­ the Advisory Committee on Fishery Man­ tems formarine fish; agement. e) evaluate the effects on larval performance of 2:30 The Sub-Group on Statistical Analysis of Fish alterations to biotic and abiotic environ­ Disease Data in Marine Fish Stocks (Chairman mental variables; Dr A.O. Vethaak, Netherlands) will meet at ICES Headquarters from 19-20 March 1996 to: t) report on developments in fish welfare is­ sues and assess their impact on marine fish a) undertake analyses of data submitted to the cultivation practices. ICES Fish Disease Databank; 2:33 The Working Group on Environmental In­ b) undertake analysis of data collected in ongo­ teractions of Mariculture (Chairman: Prof. H. ing tasks intersessionally by Sub-Group Rosenthal, Germany) will meet in Nantes, members; France from25-28 March 1996 to:

c) analyse the conclusions of the Sub-Group on a) update the catalogue of completed, ongoing, thedata submitted intersessionally by member and new research programmes on environ­ countries on dab (Limanda limanda) diseases mental interactions and issues related to from two North Sea stations for the period mariculture in ICES Member Countries and 1990-1995; identifymajor research priorities;

d) finalise plans for an ICES Special Meeting on b) review progress in analysing contaminant "The Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfish for residues in sediments under and near fish Monitoring Biological Effects of Contami­ farms (e.g. antimicrobials) and identifying nants". their bioactivity in order to provide advice on adequate monitoring strategies and inter­ The Sub-Group will report to the Working Group pretation of monitoring data on residues on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms, with respect to their wider ecological impli­ the Mariculture Committee and the Statistics cations in consultation with the Working Committee. Group on Statistical Aspects of Environ­ mental Monitoring; 2:31 A Special Meeting on The Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfish for Monitoring Biological c) analyse, document, and disseminate infor­ Effects of Contaminants (Co-Convenors: Mr mation of the status of mariculture, existing S.W. Feist, UK and Dr T. Lang, Germany) will trends and future innovations in the culture be held in Weymouth, UK from 22-25 October of different species and concomitant re­ 1996. source requirements and implications for planning and management, with due atten­ 2:32 The Working Group on the Mass Rearing of tion to trends in other coastal resources de­ Juvenile Marine Fish will be renamed the velopment and utilisation; Working Group on Marine Fish Culture (Chairman: Dr B.R. Howell, UK) and will d) continue to study the interactions of work by correspondence in 1996 to plan a mariculture with other users of the coastal meeting in 1997 to: resources and analyse the outcome of the proposed Workshops and Study Groups in a) report on the current status of marine fish order to prepare guidelines for the manage­ cultivation in ICES Member Countries and ment of mariculture within the larger con­ on the factors which are likely to constrain text of an Integrated Coastal Zone Man­ the further development and sustainability of agement Programme (ICZMP); the industry; e) examine the papers submitted to the b) report on research into the characteristics of Mariculture Committee on coastal zone reared fish and reappraise the potential for management through the Committee Special establishing quality assessment criteria;

248 C.Res.1995/

Topic, Workshops, and the ICES Theme "Interactions between Salmon Culture and Session "R" in 1995 and co-ordinate the Wild Stocks of Atlantic Salmon: The Scien­ preparation of a projected ICES Cooperative tific and Management Issues"; Research Report on the subject of "Mariculture Interactions in the Coastal g) consider the recommendations from the Zone"; Workshops in 1995 on Coastal Area Plan­ ning and Modelling Environmental Interac­ f) consider potential contributions to the 1997 tions within the Working Group pro­ ICES/NASCO Symposium on the gramme.

DEMERSALFISH COMMITI'EE

C.Res.1995/

2:34 The Study Group on Elasmobranch Fishes J.R.G. Hislop, UK) will be held in Dmuiden' (Chairman: Dr H. da Silva, Portugal) will work Netherlands from 18-23 April 1996 to: by correspondence in 1996 and report to the a) prepare the data needed for an update of the Demersal Fish Committee at the 1996 Annual North Sea Multispecies VPA with particular Science Conference to: reference to the mean weights at age of prey species in the stomachs in the 1981 and a) advise on the preparation of identification 1991 data; sheets for deep-water sharks, skates and rays including "skate wings" and identify the most b) report to the Multispecies Assessment important species; Working Group and to the Advisory Committee on Fishery Management. b) compile the data available on the geographical distribution of species and identify species for 2:37 A Joint ICES/NAFO Workshop on Greenland which the data are sufficient for analytical as­ Halibut Age Reading (Chairman: Mr K. Ne­ sessment; dreaas, Norway, and a co-chairman to be ap­ pointed by NAFO during its June 1996 meeting) c) plan a meeting in 1997 to conduct analytical will meet in Reykjavik, Iceland from 26-29 No­ assessments and evaluate the effects of exploi­ vember 1996 to: tation and/or environmental changes on the stocks considered. a) intercalibrate the age reading and age de­ termination methodology of Greenland hali­ 2:35 The Study Group on Beam Trawl Surveys but and describe a protocol for handling (Chairman: Dr A.D. Rijnsdorp, Netherlands) Greenland halibut otoliths; will meet in Dmuiden, Netherlands from 11-14 March 1996 to: b) evaluate research from comparative age de­ terminations and evaluate results using the a) carry out a detailed evaluation of the data se­ methods described by the Working Group ries, evaluate survey designs and propose on Sampling Strategies for Age and Matur­ modifications if necessary; ity; b) prepare an international database in the same c) establish a protocol for the age determina­ format that is used by the International Bot­ tion of otoliths using diagrams and photo­ tom Trawl Survey Working Group; graphs to illustrate age reading criteria; c) after consultation with the Chairman of the d) establish a Greenland halibut otolith ex­ International Bottom Trawl Survey Working change programme on a regular basis be­ Group, prepare for the transfer of the tween laboratories involved; Group's work to the International Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group e) in thelight of the Workshop results, identify new research and action needed to improve 2:36 A meeting of the Coordinators of the 1991 the consistency of age reading. Stomach Sampling Database (Chairman : Dr

249 PELAGIC FISH COMMI'ITEE

C.Res.1995/

2:38 The Working Group on Mackerel and Horse multidisciplinary team of fisheries scientists, Mackerel Egg Surveys (Chairman: Mr J.H. fisheries economists, and systems modellers. Nichols, UK) will meet in Aberdeen, UK from 25-29 March 1996 to: It is envisaged that this review material will be useful to the Comprehensive Fisheries Evaluation a) plan, co-ordinate and conduct mackerel and Working Group. A progress report will be pro­ horse mackerel egg surveys; vided to the June meeting of that Working Group. b) continue to evaluate and improve egg survey methodologies to estimate spawning stocks; 2:40 The Planning Group for Herring Surveys (Chairman: Mr E.J. Simmonds, U.K.) will c) analyse the results of mackerel and horse meet in Lysekil, Sweden from 28-31 May 1996 mackerel egg surveys and report to the to: Working Group on the Assessment of Mack­ erel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine and Anchovy; a) co-ordinate the timing, area allocation and d) report to the Advisory Committee on Fishery methodologies for acoustic and larval surveys Management well in advance of the the Advi­ for herring in the North Sea, Divisions Via sory Committee on Fishery Management and Illa and the WesternBaltic; meeting in May 1996. b) combine the survey data to provide estimates 2:39 A Study Group on the Management Per­ of abundance for the populations within the formance of Individual Transferable Quota area; (ITQ) Systems (Chairman: Dr D.E. Lane, Canada) will be established and work by corre­ c) consider the possibility of improved cover­ spondence in 1996 and report to the Advisory age of 1-ring herring and sprat in the eastern Committee on Fishery Management and the part of Division IVb and in Division Illa; Pelagic, Demersal, and Baltic Fish Committees at the 1996 Annual Science Conference to: d) consider further development in the stan­ dardisation of methods between participating a) compile information from appropriate, di­ countries; verse case studies (tentatively including the Icelandic cod fishery, the Australian sum­ e) consider the use of additional data, such as mer shark fishery, the New Zealand orange sonar (school) data, to enhance the acoustic roughy fishery, and the Canadian Scotia­ index; Fundy groundfishery); f) define the future data processing needs for b) establish multidisciplinary measures and combining futureproposed acoustic and larval study methodology for the critical evaluation survey data from different countries and of ITQ performance with respect to (i) con­ where this should be carried out over the next servation of the resource, (ii) anticipated few years. economic benefits, and (iii) management administration; To improve communication, the Chairman (or a representative) of the Planning Group should c) develop specific terms of reference for a participate in the Herring Assessment Working workshop which will evaluate the case Group for the Area South of 62 °N. studies in a forum which would include a

BALTIC FISH COMMITTEE

C.Res.1995/

2:41 A Baltic International Fisheries Survey Mr J. Modin, Sweden) and meet in Helsinki, Working Group will be established (Chairman: Finland from6-10 May 1996 to:

250 C.Res.1995/

a) prepare a manual for bottom trawl surveys in b) set up standards for the technical the Baltic, based on the protocols used in the methodology in the age reading procedure as International Bottom Trawl Surveys (IBTS) in part of a manual on age-reading of cod the North Sea; otoliths. b) define and establish a data structure for 2:43 A Study Group on Multispecies Model holding new and historical data from bottom hnplementation in the Baltic will be established trawl surveys consistent with IBTS protocols for.one or two meetings at the most (Chairman: for eventual transfer to ICES Headquarters Dr F.W. Koster, Germany) and meet at ICES and advise on the cost implications to the Headquarters from 4-10 December 1996 to: ICES Secretariat; c) define the format for the compilation of the a) update basic input data and the stomach data and standard extractions, standard tables content data base to fill present gaps in area and standard charts forannual reporting; and time coverage using already existing and partly compiled stomach content data; d) specify research needed for improving the acoustic surveys in the Baltic; b) include cod cannibalism in the model for the western Baltic; e) co-ordinate the acoustic surveys in the Baltic. c) assess the reliability of estimated predation To facilitate the set up of the database, a mortalities of juvenile cod by critically representative of the ICES Secretariat will reviewing the stomach content compilation participate. procedure adopted for the central Baltic, the influence of possible feeding in the trawl and 2:42 The Study Group on Baltic Cod Age-Reading on discards as well as the time and area effect (Co-Chairmen, Dr J. Netzel, Poland and Dr P. of stomach sampling in relation to the Ernst, Germany) will meet in Rostock, Germany distribution of juvenile cod; from 17-21 June 1996 to: d) test the new 4M package and improve the a) establish a reference collection of otoliths program in respect to data entry and graphical from different sub-divisions, seasons and output; length groups of cod to reach a common interpretation of otolith structures; e) evaluate possibilities for tuning of MSVPAs.

SHELLFISH COMMITTEE

C.Res.1995/

2:44 The Working Group on Cephalopod Fisheries b) review changes in the exploitation patterns and Life History (Chairman: Dr U. on Crangon, by-catch fish, and discards; Piatkowski, Germany) will meet in Lisbon, Portugal from 17-19 April 1996 to: c) assess the possible effects of changes in ex­ ploitation activity and pattern on Crangon a) update currently available landing statistics; size composition and consequent recruitment potential; b) collect and evaluate data on the life history and exploitation of relevant cephalopod d) analyse the demersal young fish and brown stocks in the ICES area; shrimp survey data series for trends in Crangon and predator abundance; c) describe trophic interactions between e) analyse existing effort data series to calcu­ cephalopods and other marine resources. late LPUE time trends, allowing for docu­ mented changes in fishing power; 2:45 The Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and Life History (Chairman: Dr T. f) examine existing data series for trends in Neudecker, Germany) will meet in Hamburg, Crangon size composition; Germany from 4-7 June 1996 to: g) examine the possible impact of the Danish a) review and report on trends in population closed nursery area and limited entry fishery levels of shrimp and predator fish; on productivity of Crangon;

251 C.Res.1995/

h) investigate the timing of larval production landings and discards and, if possible, iden­ and settlement to identify the relative impor­ tify minimum requirements; tance of recruitment of summer and winter egg prod�ction; f) advise on appropriate procedures for the collection of information on discard sur­ i) analyse changes in environmental parame­ vival; ters believed to have an impact on shrimps and their food organisms and predators. g) estimate mortality rates and the impact of disease (Haemotodinium). 2:46 The Study Group on Life Histories of Neph­ rops (Chairman: Dr N. Bailey, UK) will meet 2:47 A Workshop on Shellfish Bivalve Cultivation: in Lorient, France from 26-29 March 1996 to: Growth, Modelling and Impact on the Eco­ system (Convenors: Dr M. Heral (France) and a) report new findings on variability within and Prof. B. Bayne (UK)) will be held in Plymouth, between Nephrops stocks and discuss the UK from 7-10 October 1996, with co­ implications for assessment and manage­ sponsorship of the European Commission, to: ment; a) review the state of the art of the different b) review input parameter values used in Neph­ physiological models to predict the growth rops assessments and update them where rate of oysters, mussels and cockles; more recent data are available; b) develop ecosystem models, including carry­ c) report on progress in the use of ageing pig­ ing capacity models and impacts of biode­ ments (lipofuchsins) to age Nephropid lob­ position; sters; c) compare and exchange the different soft­ d) draw up a list of recommendations for fu­ ware; ture research on male reproductive biology; d) review the papers for publication in a spe­ e) review sampling procedures for Nephrops cial issue of the Journal of Experimental MarineEcology and Physiology.

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHYCOMMITTEE C.Res.1995/

2:48 The Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecol­ systematic review of relevant instrumenta­ ogy (Chairman: Prof. F. Colijn, Germany) will tion; meet in Reykjavik, Iceland from 28-30 March 1996 to: e) elaborate plans for the forthcoming ICES Symposium on the Temporal Variability of a) finalise a descriptive account and a Working Plankton and their Physico-Chemical Envi­ Manual for the ICES Standard Incubator for ronment; measuring Primary Production with a view to their publication by ICES; f) review the literature on nutrient manipula­ tion experiments in terms of the ratio and b) consider improvements to the ICES Stan­ cycling of N and P in relation to maximum dard Incubator, including improvements to cell quota and species composition of phy­ the measurement of irradiance in the incuba­ toplankton, and report to the Advisory tor; Committee on the Marine Environment (OSPARCOM 1.4); c) propose new pigment procedures for meas­ urement of chlorophyll a, taking into ac­ g) prepare, in communication with the Work­ count recommendations contained in the ing Group on Shelf Seas Oceanography, SCOR report on phytoplankton pigments; multidisciplinary descriptions of the re­ sponse of the marine environment to anthro­ d) continue the evaluation of new techniques pogenic nutrient inflows in some example for the measurement of primary production areas (e.g. Kattegat, German Bight) and re- and biomass with the aim of producing a

252 C.Res.1995/

port to the Advisory Committee on the Ma­ f) review issues related to seabird consumption rine Environment (OSPARCOM 1.4); of fish and shellfish stocks, discards and mariculture as well as the trophic role and h) examine the feasibility of, and potential ecology of seabirds and waders; contributions to, an Environmental Status g) assist the Working Group on the Environ­ Report for the ICES Area on an annual ba­ mental Assessment and Monitoring Strate­ sis, and report to the Advisory Committee gies in its investigations with regard to the on the Marine Environment by the end of monitoring of contaminants in eggs of six 1995. seabird species. 2:49 The Benthos Ecology Working Group (Chairman: Dr P. Kingston, UK) will meet in The Working Group will report to the Biological Aberdeen, UK from1-4 May 1996 to: Oceanography Committee, the Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment and the a) finalise plans for the second North Sea Advisory Committee on Fishery Management. Benthos Survey (C.Res 1994/4:6); 2:51 The Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology b) report on progress in the use of computer­ (Chairman: Mr H.R. Skjoldal, Norway) will aided taxonomy systems for identification of meet in Bergen, Norway from 27-29 March benthic species; 1996 to: c) review co-operative benthic studies through­ a) review and develop detailed plans for a co­ out theICES area; ordinated field programme on Ca/anus finmarchicus in 1997; d) review methods for the study of the community structure of the benthos of hard b) consider further co-ordination and substrata; cooperation of experimental studies of C. jinmarchicus; e) review studies on the effects of seabed disturbance on benthic communities; c) review evidence for interactions between zooplankton populations and fish stocks in f) review studies of the spatial relationship of marine ecosystems and consider the benthos. implication with regard to assessing trends in fish stocks; 2:50 The Working Group on Seabird Ecology (Chairman: Dr R. Furness, UK) will meet in d) consider methods and technologies for Glasgow, UK from 25-26 November 1996 to: monitoring zooplankton populations in a cost­ efficient manner, and consider means of a) evaluate the role of discards in supporting expressing and exchanging such information bird populations and their effect on the in ways which are useful to fishery managers; species composition of seabirds; e) review evidence for the regulatory role of b) explore the short- and medium-term zooplankton grazing on population dynamics consequences of a reduction in the quantities and blooms of harmful algae, and suggest of fishdiscarded; research activities to fill gaps in knowledge;

c) review data related to the cause and f) examine feasibility of, and potential contri­ consequences at the population level of mass butions to, an Environmental Status Report mortalities and strandings of seabirds; for the ICES Area on an annual basis, and report to the Advisory Committee on the d) expand the analyses of the spatial Marine Environment by the end of 1995; concordance of reproductive parameters between seabird colonies, and relate the g) continue, by correspondence, the work on observed patterns to physical oceanographic reviewing and completing the Zooplankton conditions and prey stocks; Methodology Manual.

e) prepare data on seabird predation on fish by 2:52 The ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful size-group on as detailed temporal and spatial Algal Bloom Dynamics4 (Chairman: Dr P. scales as possible in the NorthSea; 4 This Group reports to Hydrography and Biological Oceanography Committees

253 C.Res.1995/

Gentien, France) will meet in Brest, France Between Otolith Growth and Body Growth from 17-20 April 1996 to: in Fish Larvae and identify further aspects to be considered; a) complete and discuss the logistic planning of the ICES/IOC Workshop on Development b) review progress in the analysis of case study of In Situ Growth Rate Measurements data being used to develop techniques for (Chairman: Dr 0. Lindahl, Sweden) to be optimising the temporal and spatial design of held in Kristineberg, Sweden from 9-15 fish egg and larvae surveys; September 1996, and examine the results of intersessional progress; c) review progress in the application of size based theory to recruitment problems and in b) continue the development of an particular: understanding of the dynamics of harmful algal blooms, including presentations of • develop explicitly relationships between mortality and body size in early life and recent experimental results; carry out sens1t1v1ty analyses to determine which parameters are most c) collate and discuss national reports on sensitive to changes in size specific harmful algal blooms (HABs) and initiate a survival, synthesis of the national reports of the last ten years, and map outbreaks and compile • examine stage specific survival rates and time series of HABs in the ICES area; their variability, and determine how variability changes with stage d) review the updating of the ICES Cooperative development, Research Report No. 181 on the "Effects of HABs on Mariculture and Marine Fisheries" • determine whether there are critical carried out in the intersessional period; stages or sizes where variability in rates changesignificantly; e) discuss items related to the monitoring of HABs based on the compilation of answers d) review progress in the application of otolith to the IOC-ICES Questionnaire, and elemental analysis to recruitmentproblems; considerations by the IOC-FAO Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Algal e) review experimental protocols relating to Blooms (IPHAB), in order to give advice on experiments designed to characterise growth further activities, including planning of an and condition, and vulnerability to international workshop on HAB monitoring predation; and mitigation strategies; 2:54 The Study Group on Gulf ID Sampler Effi­ t) review and discuss recent work on the effect ciency Calibrations (Chairman: Prof. D. of harmful algae on zooplankton, including Schnack, Germany) will work by correspondence discussion of methods to be applied in these in 1996, to complete the analyses of experimen­ studies; tal data, and produce a final report to be pre­ sented to the 1996 ICES Annual Science Confer­ g) examine the feasibility of, and potential ence. contributions to, an Environmental Status Report for the ICES Area on an annual ba­ 2:55 A Workshop on Development of In Situ sis, and report to the Advisory Committee Growth Rate Measurements for on the Marine Environment by the end of Dinoflagellates" will be held in Kristineberg, 1995. Sweden from 9-15 September 1996 under the chairmanship of Dr 0. Lindahl, Sweden to: 2:53 The Working Group on Recruitment • bring to completion the activities initiated (Chairman: Dr P. Pepin, Canada) Processes during the previous Workshop (C.Res. will meet in Dartmouth, Canada from 17-20 1993/2:48). June 1996 to:

a) review progress with the planning of a Workshop to further study the Relationship

254 ANADROMOUS AND CATADROMOUS FISH COMMITTEE

C.Res.1995/

2:56 The joint EIFAC/ICES Working Group on 2:57 A Workshop on the Interactions Between Eels (Chairman: Dr C. Moriarty, Ireland) will Salmon Lice and Salmonids (Chairman: Dr meet in IJmuiden, Netherlands from 24-28 A. McVicar, UK) will meet in Edinburgh, UK September 1996 to: from 11-15 November 1996 to: a) assess trends in recruitment, contamination, a) summarise available information on the in­ parasitic infestation and fisheries and their teractions between salmon lice and salmon­ effects on stock and yield of the species; ids; b) assess the effects of salmon lice on salmonid b) investigate the infection rate with Anguilli­ stocks; cola crassas and characterise gas bladder function; c) identify data deficiencies, research needs, and cooperative programmes required; c) hold a special session jointly with oceanog­ raphers to consider oceanic factors which d) report to the ANACAT Fish and Maricul­ might explain recently recorded changes in ture Committees. the abundance of larvae and catches of glass eel;

d) conduct other relevant business.

MARINE MAMMALS COMMITTEE C.Res.1995/

2:58 The Study Group on Seals and Small Cetace­ tent to which PCBs in marine mammals ans in European Seas (Chairman: Dr J. Har­ generate effects at the species and/or popu­ wood, UK) will meet in Cambridge, UK from lation level (OSPAR 1.2); 5-8 December 1995 to: e) develop plans for a review of contaminant levels in marine mammal populations and a) assess the status of small cetacean popula­ the possible effects of these compounds, and tions in the North Sea in the light of the re­ identify data sets on contaminants in marine cent Small Cetacean Abundance Survey in mammals that are suitable for inclusion in the North Sea (SCANS) and the available the ICES Environmental Data Bank; information on by-catches; f) identify and review the data that will be re­ b) assess the status of the three seal populations quired to evaluate the impact of different in the Baltic Sea in the light of modelling fisheries in the Baltic Sea on marine mam­ studies of population dynamics conducted by mal populations (HELCOM 11); the Study Group, and available information on by-catches (HELCOM 1); g) report the findings to the Marine Mammals Committee, the Advisory Committee on c) review available information and planned Fishery Management, and the Advisory research on the potential effects of acoustic Committee on the Marine Environment. disturbance on marine mammal populations;

d) advise (with WGBEC) on the use of biologi­ cal effects techniques for identifying the ex-

255 RESOLUTIONS INVOLVINGCO-OPERATION WITH OTHER ORGANISATIONS

C.Res.1995/

3:1 The ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on d) follow up and co-ordinate the preparation of Quality Assurance of Chemical Measure­ 'In-house QA Manuals' for biological pa­ ments in the Baltic Sea (Chairman: Dr U. rameters in all laboratories reporting to Harms, Germany) will meet in Gdynia, Poland HELCOM. from 27 February to 1 March 1996 to: 3:3 An ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality a) prepare general guidelines on the establish­ Assurance of Pelagic Biological Measure­ ment of quality assurance systems as well as ments in the Baltic Sea (Convenor: Dr L. detailed guidelines on quality assurance for Hernroth, Sweden) will be held in chemical components to be measured in the Warnemiinde, Germany from 15-19 October Fourth Phase of the Baltic Monitoring Pro­ 1996 to: gramme (HELCOM 3). a) conduct an advanced study course on pri­ 3:2 The ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on mary production measurement with the main Quality Assurance of Biological Measure­ emphasis on monitoring the state of the Bal­ ments in the Baltic Sea (Chairman: Dr L. tic Sea; Hernroth, Sweden) will meet in Gdynia, Poland from 4-6 March 1996 to: b) review, under the Chairmanship of Ms G. Behrends (Germany, Baltic Marine Biolo­ a) evaluate and report on the results of the in­ gists Working Group on Zooplankton), the tercomparisons/intercalibrations of meas­ present Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring urements of microbiological parameters and Programme (BMP) in the light of the new phytoplankton/chlorophyll a from the Sec­ Zooplankton Manual produced by the ICES ond Workshop on Quality Assurance of Pe­ Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology lagic Biological Measurements in the Baltic and propose any changes needed to the BMP Sea; Guidelines.

b) evaluate and report on the results of the in­ 3:4 Through the auspices of the General Secretary, tercomparisons/intercalibrations of meas­ ICES will explore possibilities for formal coop­ urements of benthos carried out in the re­ eration between ICES, ICCAT (International gional Workshops on Quality Assurance of Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Benthic Measurements in the Baltic Sea; Tunas) and IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) on Elasmobranch c) prepare detailed plans for the Third Work­ fishes by organising a two day co-ordination shop on Quality Assurance of Pelagic Bio­ meeting at national expense at ICES Headquar­ logical Measurement in the Baltic Sea, ters in 1996. The meeting will be attended by which will focus on intercompari­ the Chairman of the Demersal Fish Committee, sons/intercalibrations of zooplankton and the Chairman of the Study Group on Elasmo­ primary productivity measurements, to be branch Fishes, the ICES Fishery Secretary and organised in 1996; representatives from ICCAT and IUCN.

OTHERRESOLUTIONS REQUIRING ACTION

C.Res.1995/

4:1 An Intercomparison Exercise on the Analysis 4:2 ICES Member Countries are encouraged to pre­ of Trace Metals in Sea Water, coordinated by pare translations of the "1994 ICES Code of Ms B. Pedersen (Denmark) and Dr S.S. Berman Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of (Canada), will be organised in 1996. The co­ Marine Organisms", in addition to its publication ordinating laboratories should be reimbursed for in the official ICES languages of English and the cost of sample bottles, sample distribution, French, and distribute copies to all relevant per­ and reagents, estimated to be DKK 68,000. Ad­ sons. ditional expenses will be recovered from partici­ pants on a subscription basis. 4:3 ICES Member Countries are urged to continue the acoustic surveys for herring off the west

256 coast of Ireland (ICES Divisions VlaS and 4:6 Member Countries of ICES and EIFAC should Vllb) in 1996 and future years. take steps to ensure that all existing collections of eel catch statistics be maintained and that ef­ 4:4 ICES Member Countries are urged to extend forts be made to enhance their quality and the North Sea herring larvae surveys in order to scope. In particular, it is highly desirable that obtain full coverage of all North Sea spawning national statistics identify the quantities of the grounds. Acoustic surveys of North Sea herring major life stages. should be maintained at least at their present level. 4:7 Larval cruises by research vessel, such as those established by Tesch in 1977 and discontinued 4:5 ICES Member Countries are urged to ensure in 1992, should be resumed with the involve­ that acoustic surveys for herring in Division Illa ment of personnel adequately qualified in the and the Western Baltic (Sub-Divisions 22, 23 sampling and handling of the leptocephalus. and 24) are conducted in September-October in 1996 and subsequent years.

257 REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION FOR THE YEAR 1 NOVEMBER 1994 TO 31 OCTOBER 1995

1 THE COUNCIL AND ITS MEMBERS e) Dr R.L. Stephenson (Canada) replaced Mr 0. Hag­ strom (Sweden) as Chairman of the Pelagic Fish 1. 1 Country Membership Committee and ex officio member of ACFM.

The General Secretary held talks with the Lithuanian ACME Ambassador in Denmark (His Excellency Raimundas Jasinevicius) at ICES Headquarters on 6 January 1995 The followingchanges have been made in the nationally concerning possible Lithuanian Council membership. nominated members, their alternates, and the ex officio The President and General Secretary have been invited members of ACME since the 1994 Annual Science to visit Lithuania in 1996 in order to meet government Conference (82nd Statutory Meeting): officials and directors of laboratories and explain the benefits of Council membership. a) Dr A. Opperhuizen replaced Prof. F. Colijn as the member nominated by the Netherlands. 1.2 Payment of National Contributions b) Dr P. Matthiessen replaced Dr G. Topping as the member nominated by the United Kingdom, and Dr As of 30 April, all national contributions to the Budget G. Topping replaced Dr. J.E. Portmann as alternate for Financial Year 1994/1995 had been paid. member. c) Dr T. Lang replaced Dr V. Dethlefsen as the mem­ 1.3 National Delegates ber nominated by Germany, and Dr V. Dethlefsen replaced Dr T. Lang as alternate member. The following national Delegates have been announced d) Mr H. Loeng {Norway) replaced Prof. T. Osborn since the 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd (United States) as Chairman of the Hydrography Statutory Meeting): Committee and ex officio member of ACME. a) Mr D. de G. Griffith was appointed to replace Ms J. 2 CO-OPERATION WITHOTHER INTERNA­ Doyle as a Delegate of Ireland. TIONAL ORGANISATIONS b) M A. Forest was appointed to replace M A. Mau­ corps as a Delegate of France. The Council has continued its active co-operation during c) Ms G. Pestana was appointed to replace Dr M.J. the past year with other international organisations, in­ Figueiredo as a Delegate of Portugal. cluding those to which it provides scientific information d) Mr M. Schou was appointed to replace Mr J. M0ller and advice in the areas of fisheries management Christensen as a Delegate of Denmark. (NASCO, NEAFC, IBSFC, and the European Com­ mission), and marine protection/pollution (OSPARCOM 1.4 Members of the Advisory Committees and HELCOM).

ACFM Meetings during the period 1 November 1994 - 31 Oc­ tober 1995 of the above-named and other organisations The following changes have been made in the nationally at which ICES was (or will be) represented are included nominated members, their alternates, and the ex officio in Annex 1. Observers reports on some of these meet­ members of ACFM since the 1994 Annual Science Con­ ings are presented in Doc. C.M. 1995/Gen: 1. ference (82nd Statutory Meeting): 2.1 IOC/SCOR a) Dr R.M. Cook replaced Mr J.W. Horwood as the member nominated by the United Kingdom, and Mr. On the basis of several Council Resolutions adopted at J.W. Horwood replaced Dr R.M. Cook as alternate the 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd Statutory member. Meeting), IOC was invited to be represented at the b) Mr F.J. Pereiro replaced Mr J.A. Pereiro as the meeting of: member nominated by Spain, and Ms C. Porteiro replaced Mr F.J. Pereiro as alternate member. • the Working Group on Biological Effects of Contami­ c) Mr 0. Hagstrom replaced Mr J. Modin as the mem­ nants held in Aberdeen, UK from 3-7 February 1995 ber nominated by Sweden, and Mr J. Modin was (C.Res.94/2:7:4); nominated as alternate member. d) Dr W. Gabriel was nominated as alternate member ICES has continued with its engagement in research on from the United States. harmful algal blooms through the joint ICES/IOC

258 Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics. Senans, France, from 24-28 April 1995 The Council was represented at the meeting of the IOC­ (Environment Secretary); F AO Ad Hoe Intergovernmental Panel on Harmful Al­ d) the OSPAR/ICES Workshop on Biological Effects gal Blooms by the Oceanography Secretary held in Monitoring Techniques, held in Aberdeen, Scotland Paris, France, from 6-9 June 1995, and (with Dr R. from 2 to 6 October 1995 (Environmental Data Sci­ Sretre) at the Second Session of the IOC-WMO-UNEP entist); Committee for the Global Ocean Observing System (1- e) the first meeting of the OSPAR Working Group on GOOS-II), Paris, 6-9 June 1995. Dr Dooley also at­ Impacts on the Marine Environment (IMPACT), tended a number of the Sessions of the IOC Assembly held in Stockholm, Sweden, from 10-13 October which was held in Paris in June 1995. 1995 (Environment Secretary, Fisheries Assessment Secretary). IOC has co-sponsored and was represented at: The President, the General Secretary, and the Chairman • the ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal of the Finance Committee met the Chairman of Bloom Dynamics held in Helsinki, Finland from 17-19 OSPARCOM and representatives nominated by the May 1995 (C.Res.94/2:49); Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen (CVC) of the Joint Commissions at OSPARCOM Headquarters in London IOC and SCOR have continued to co-sponsor: on 24 November 1994 to prepare a draft Memorandum • the Study Group on Methods of Spatial and Tempo­ of Understanding (MoU) between the Council and the ral Integration which will work by correspondence Commissions with a view to it being endorsed by the in 1995 to complete the tasks assigned to it in meeting of the Joint Commissions in June 1995 and the C.Res.1994/2:52. Council at the 1995 Annual Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting). The Council has continued its active role with IOC, SCOR, and PICES in the GLOBEC (Global Ocean Eco­ The General Secretary and the Environment Secretary system Dynamics) programme. The Council co­ attended the 17th Joint Meeting of the Oslo and Paris sponsors the Cod and Climate Change programme of Commissions in Brussels, from 26-30 June 1995. At research as a North Atlantic component GLOBEC. In this meeting, theCommissions agreed to the Draft ICES November 1994, SCOR, acting on behalf of the co­ Work Programme and ICES Special Budget for 1996, sponsors of GLOBEC, requested the International covering thecost of services to be provided by ICES for Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) to accept scientific advice and data handling for 1996, and en­ GLOBEC as one of its Core Projects. A co-ordination dorsed the draft Memorandum of Understanding be­ meeting of the current co-sponsors was held from 7-8 tween OSPARCOM and ICES. August 1995 at the University of Massachusetts, USA, with a view to discussing co-operation arrangements to The MoU between ICES and the Oslo and Paris Com­ include GLOBEC potentially becoming a core project missions came into force on 25 September 1995, after of IGBP ahead of the presentation of the GLOBEC Sci­ signature by Mr Svante Bodin (Chairman of the Joint ence Plan later in the year. Oslo and Paris Commissions) and the President of ICES at the 1995 ICES Annual Science Conference (83rd 2.2 Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) StatutoryMeeting).

There has been considerable activity in the past year 2.3 The North Sea Conference Process related to data handling obligations for the OSPAR­ COM Joint Monitoring Programme and provision of ICES has made substantial contributions to the prepara­ scientificadvice to OSPARCOM. tions for the Fourth International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (4NSC) that was held in Meetings of OSPARCOM and its subsidiary bodies at Esbjerg, Denmark, from 8-9 June 1995. ICES was rep­ which ICES has been represented include: resented at thefollowing preparatory meetings: a) the Second Meeting of the Environmental Assess­ Ministerial Declaration Group ment and Monitoring Committee (ASMO) held in • 2nd meeting, 9-11 November 1994 (Environ­ Ostende, Belgium, from 5-9 December 1994 ment Secretary) (Environment Secretary and Oceanography Secre­ • 3rd meeting, 21-23 March 1995 (Environment tary); Secretary) b) the First Meeting of theWorking Group on Concen­ Progress Report Group trations, Inputs, and Effects of Substances in the • 2nd meeting, 17-20 January 1995 (Environment Marine Environment (SIME) held in Delft, Nether­ Secretary, Fishery Secretary) lands, from 6-10 February 1995 (Environment Sec­ • 3rd meeting, 13-16 February 1995 (Environ­ retary); ment Secretary, Fishery Secretary) c) the Third Meeting of the Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Committee (ASMO) held in Arc-et-

259 • 4th meeting, 20 March 1995 (Environment 2.5 NEAFC Secretary) The General Secretary, the Chairman of ACFM and the ICES contributed information that was used in the sec­ Fishery Secretary represented the Council at the Thir­ ti ns f the Progress Report to the 4NSC concerning � � teenth Annual Meeting of the North-East Atlantic Fish­ F1shenes at Sea, Protection of Habitats and Species, eries Commission (NEAFC) held in London, England, and Enhancement of Scientific Knowledge. from 16-18 November 1994. ACFM's advice on the status and management of the principal fish stocks in the ICES was represented at the 4NSC by the General Sec­ NEAFC area was presented. No specific regulatory retary, the Environment Secretary, the Fishery Secre­ measures were adopted by the Commission. ICES was tary, and the Chairman of ACME (Dr K. Richardson). asked, as in previous years, to provide the full range of scientific advice on the status of all fish stocks in the 2.4 Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) NEAFC area in 1995 and catch forecasts in 1996. The Environment Secretary represented the Council at the Sixteenth Meeting of HELCOM held in Helsinki 2.6 NASCO Finland, from 14-17 March 1995. The Commission wa� Information and advice on the status and management of informed of the activities that ICES is co-ordinating for North Atlantic salmon and the compilation of tag re­ HE COM, including the conduct of two workshops on � leases in 1994 were prepared for the North Atlantic quahty assurance procedures for biological measure­ Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO). The ad­ ments, both benthic and pelagic, in the Baltic Sea. Pro­ vice was prepared by ACFM at its May 1995 meeting gress was also reported on the Baseline Study of Con­ based on the report of the meeting of the Working taminants in Baltic Sea Sediments. Group on North Atlantic Salmon (ICES Headquarters 3-12 April 1995) (C.Res.1994/2:6: 19). Another major activity has been the assessment of the HELCOM Baltic Monitoring Programme (BMP) data ICES advice on North Atlantic salmon was presented at on contaminants in biota for temporal trends. This has the Twelfth Annual Meeting of NASCO held in Glas­ been carried out to assist HELCOM in the preparation gow, Scotland, from 12-16 June 1995. The Council of their Third Periodic Assessment of the State of the was represented at that meeting by the Chairman of Baltic Marine Environment. Relevant data were ob­ ACFM, the Fishery Secretary, and the General Secre­ tained from the Finnish Environmental Data Centre tary (part-time). which has been serving as the data centre for BMP data' and were thereafter subjected to substantial validatio� and quality control activities. The data sets accepted 2.7 IBSFC were assessed during an ICES/HELCOM workshop Information and advice on the status and management of held at ICES Headquarters in late April 1995. the stocks of cod, herring, sprat and salmon in the Bal­ tic were prepared for the International Baltic Sea Fish­ The Environment Secretary also took part in a co­ ery Commission (IBSFC) at the May 1995 ACFM ordination meeting for HELCOM environmental activi­ meeting. The ICES advice was presented at the Twenty­ ties held in Hamburg, Germany, from 5-6 April 1995. First Session of IBSFC held from 4-8 September 1995 In addition, the Environment Secretary participated in in Warsaw, Poland. The Council was represented at that an informal meeting on data handling strategy under meeting by the Chairman of ACFM, the Fishery Secre­ HELCOM (Helsinki, 15-16 August 1995), at which the tary, and the General Secretary (part-time). future handling of the various types of data generated for HELCOM activities was discussed. This meeting 2.8 European Commission proposed that a call for bids for handling the Baltic Monitoring Programme data should be issued later in As in previous years, a considerable amount of the the year, pending endorsement of this proposal by the Council's work was devoted to the preparation of scien­ HELCOM Environment Committee in October. tific information and advice on the status of fish stocks and their management in response to requests from the Scientific information and advice in response to requests European Commission's Directorate-General for Fisher­ from HELCOM were prepared by ACME at its May ies (DG XIV). An observer from DG XIV attended the 1995 meeting and were presented to the Commission's November 1994 and May 1995 ACFM meetings. Environment Committee meeting, held in Helsinki from 16-20 October 1995, by the Environment Secretary. The Secretariat has continued to be responsible for the large database established by the EC' s Scientific and

260 Technical Committee for Fisheries (STCF) on disaggre­ the ICES Marine Chemistry Working Group, Dr W. gated fleet-data from the North Sea fisheries. Cofino (Netherlands).

Bilateral discussions were held in Brussels on 2 March The Secretariat has also established contacts with the 1995 between the President and the General Secretary, relevant staff at the European Environment Agency representing ICES, and representatives of DG XIV, DG (EEA) in Copenhagen, and the Scientific Committee of XI (Environment) and DG XII (Research: Marine Sci­ the EEA took part in a meeting, which included the Bu­ ence and Technology) on various matters related to the reau at ICES Headquarters on 21 June 1995 in order to co-operation between the two organisations. explore ways for developing co-operation. The Secretar­ iat has also had some contact with the EEA Marine The ACFM Chairman attended the European Commis­ Topic Centre, the ENEA in· La Spezia, Italy, that was sion's Advisory Committee on Fisheries in Brussels, on contracted to prepare a scoping study for the EEA ac­ 7 December 1994. tivities concerning the marine environment. The Secre­ tariat prepared extensive comments on the September Co-operation between the Secretariat and the European 1995 version of this scoping study, which was com­ Commission's MAST Secretariat has increased follow­ pleted in October 1995. ing a productive meeting in Brussels, Belgium on 20 December 1994 involving the General Secretary and the 2.9 AMAP Oceanography Secretary with staff of the MAST Secre­ tariat. The General Secretary will, at the invitation of The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme the Commission, act as the Chairman of the discussion (AMAP) was established as a joint intergovernmental meeting "Design, Structure and Implementation of co-operation among the eight Arctic countries (Canada, Mega-Sized International Marine Research and Opera­ Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Rus­ tional Projects" at the Second MAST Days and sia, Sweden, and USA). Subsequent to a contract hav­ EUROMAR Market in Sorrento, Italy from 7-10 No­ ing been signed on behalf of the Council in June 1994, vember 1995. the ICES Secretariat has continued to serve as the The­ matic Data Centre for the monitoring data to be col­ The Oceanography Secretary represented ICES at the lected from the marine component of the Arctic Moni­ 8th meeting of the MAST Data Committee which was toring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). The other held in Delphi, Greece, from 25-28 June 1995. This four components of the programme comprise the at­ meeting prepared a framework for action by MAST on mospheric, terrestrial and freshwater environments and European Oceanographic Data Management, and de­ human health of the indigenous populations. Co­ termined priorities for implementation of this based on a ordination of the monitoring and assessment activities Consultant's report on the European Infrastructure for will lead to the preparation of an Arctic Environmental Ocean Data Management. Assessment Report by the end of 1996.

The Secretariat has established itself as a partner in sev­ The Environmental Data Scientist attended a meeting of eral MAST proposals which may lead to financial the AMAP Assessment Steering Group in Copenhagen grants from the MAST programme. Two of these pro­ on 28-30 June 1995 at which he presented an inventory posals have now been granted funding, and discussions of data submitted by five of the AMAP countries. Pre­ of a contractual nature are presently underway. These liminary data products were also provided to relevant projects are the European Subpolar Ocean Programme drafting groups for the AMAP Assessment Report. Phase 2 (ESOP-11) and the Trans-Atlantic Studies on Calanus finmarchicus (fASC). The Secretariat's 2.lOFAO planned role in the ESOP-11 project is data management support by the Oceanography Department. Project man­ The President, the General Secretary, the Fishery Sec­ agement will be the main support provided for the retary, and the Chairman of ACFM represented ICES at TASC project, and will primarily utilise the services of the Twenty-First Session of the Committee on Fisheries the new Co-ordinator for the ICES/ GLOBEC Office. (COFI) held at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy, from Currently there is no indication as to whether a third 10-15 March 1995. Agenda items of particular interest proposal concerning data management support for the to the Council were: at the Technical Session - the draft proposed Baltic Targeted Project (BASYS) has been Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries; Present successful. Status of World Fisheries: Problems and Prospects; the Role of Regional Fishery Organizations and Arrange­ ICES co-operation with DG XII's Measurements and ments in Fisheries Management; FAO's Programmes in Testing Programme (formerly the Community Bureau Fisheries; at the Ministerial Session - FAO Follow-Up of Reference) and its programme on Quality Assurance to the United Nations Conference and Development of Measurements in the Marine Environment (UNCED) Recommendations Relevant to Fisheries and (QUASIMEME) has continued. The Council is repre­ Aquaculture; Sustainable Contribution of Fisheries and sented as an observer in this work by the Chairman of Aquaculture to Food Supplies.

261 ICES and PAO have collaborated in 1995 in order to Selected papers from the Symposium will be published prepare a draft Memorandum of Understanding that in the Journal of Northwest AtlanticFishery Science. should be finalised and signed in 1996. The draft MoU was endorsed by the Council at the 1995 ICES Annual The Symposium on "Seabird Ecology and Distribution Science Conference (83rd Statutory Meeting). in Relation to the Marine Environment" (Convenor: Dr M.L. Tasker, UK) will be held in Glasgow, UK, from ICES has, at the request of PAO, provided input to the 22-24 November 1996 (C.Res.1995/2:4). A scientific development of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Steering Group (Dr J. Reid, UK, Dr R.W. Furness, Fisheries through comment by ACFM and its Member UK, Prof. G.L. Hunt, USA, and Dr C.J. Camphuysen, Countries, and the participation of the Chairman of Netherlands) has been established to assist the Convenor ACFM and the Fishery Secretary in an open-ended in planning the Symposium. Working Group at the Twenty-First Session of COFI. The ICES/NASCO Symposium "Interactions between The Council has been granted observer status in the UN Wild and Reared Salmon: The Scientific and Manage­ Administrative Committee on Coordination's Sub­ ment Issues" (Co-Convenors: Mr A. Youngson UK, Dr Committee on Oceans and Coastal Areas, Chaired by L.P. Hansen, Norway, and Dr M. Windsor, NASCO) PAO. The Sub-Committee will prepare the report to the will be held in Bath, England, from 17-22 April 1997 Commission on Sustainable Development regarding the (C.Res.1994/2: 1). A scientific Steering Group (Prof. implementation of Chapter 17 on Oceans and Coastal N. Wilkins, Ireland; Prof. L.-O. Eriksson, Sweden; Mr Areas of Agenda 21 (UNCED). The Oceanography A. lsaksson, Iceland; Dr H. Book, USA; Dr R.H. Secretary attended the ACC Sub-Committee's second Cook, Canada) has been established to assist the Co­ session held at WMO Headquarters in Geneva, Switzer­ Convenors in planning the Symposium. A preliminary land, from 23-27 January 1995. An invitation was re­ announcement was distributed in autumn 1995, and a ceived to participate in the Sub-Committee's third ses­ second prospectus/call for papers will be issued in sion to be held in Paris, France, in late August 1995, 1996. but due to other commitments it was not possible to at­ tend this meeting. The Symposium on "The Role of Physical and Biologi­ cal Processes in the Recruitment Dynamics of Marine 3. MEETINGS ANDOTHER ACTIVITIES OR­ Populations" (Co-Convenors: Dr M.J. Fogarty, USA, GANISED BY THE COUNCIL Mr H. Loeng, Norway, Prof. T. Osborn, USA, and Prof. J.G. Shepherd, UK) will be held in conjunction 3.1 Symposia with the 1997 ICES Annual Science Conference in the USA (C.Res.1995/2:1). A scientific Steering Group The Symposium on "Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics" (including Prof. B. Rothschild, USA; Dr R.R. Dickson, (Convenor: Mr E.J. Simmonds, UK) was held in Aber­ UK; Dr R. Meyers, Canada; Prof. T. Powell USA) has deen, Scotland, from 12-16 June 1995 been established to assist the Co-Convenors in planning (C.Res.1991/2: 1). 267 persons, from 34 countries, the Symposium. A prospectus/call for papers will be were registered as participants for the Symposium, and distributed in spring 1996. 101 papers and 62 posters were presented. Selected pa­ pers from the Symposium will be published in the ICES The Symposium on "The Temporal Variability of Journal of Marine Science. Plankton and their Physico-Chemical Environment" (Co-Convenors: Prof. T. Smayda, USA, and Prof. F. The Symposium on "The Changes in the North Sea Colijn, Germany) will be held in Kiel, Germany, for Ecosystem and their Causes: Arhus Revisited" (Co­ three days in spring 1997 (C.Res.1995/2:3). A Scien­ Convenors: Prof. N. Daan, Netherlands and Dr K. tific Steering Group (Prof. B. Zeitzschel, Germany, Dr Richardson, Denmark) was held in Arhus, Denmark, P.C. Reid, UK, Mr H.R. Skjoldal Norway, and Prof. from 11-14 July 1995 (C.Res.1992/2: 1). Approxi­ U. Sommer, Germany) has been established to assist the mately 80 persons registered as participants for the Co-Convenors in planning the Symposium. Symposium, and 33 papers and 15 posters were pre­ sented. Selected papers from the Symposium will be The Symposium on "The Evaluation and Implementa­ published in the ICES Journal of Marine Science. tion of Management Strategies for Fisheries in an Un­ certain World" (Co-Convenors: Dr T.K. Stokes, UK, The NAFO and ICES co-sponsored the Symposium on Dr R.L. Stephenson, Canada, Dr J. McKoy, New Zea­ "The Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem" (Co­ land, Dr J. Harwood, UK, and one South African Convenors: Mr J. Sigurj6nsson, Iceland and Dr G. Sten­ nominee) will be held for four days in 1998, at a time son, Canada) was held in Dartmouth, NS, Canada from and venue to be decided (C.Res. 1995/2:2). A Scientific 6-8 September 1995 (C.Res.1992/3:5). Approximately Steering Group will be established to assist the Co­ 200 persons were registered as participants for the Sym­ Convenors in planning the Symposium. posium, and 30 papers and 23 posters were presented.

262 The Symposium on "Benthos Ecology" (tentative title; All members or their alternates were present at the Co-Convenors: Prof. A. Eleftheriou, Greece, and Dr P. meeting in November 1994, as well as the Fishery Sec­ Kingston, UK) will be held in Crete for four days in retary, Mr H. Sparholt, and Mr L. Pedersen (part-time) April 1998 (C.Res.1995/2:5). A Scientific Steering from the Secretariat, the Chairman of the Working Group (including Dr H. Rumohr, Germany; Dr S. Hall, Group on the Assessment of Northern Shelf Demersal UK; and others to be nominated) will be established to Stocks (Dr M. Armstrong, part-time), and observers assist the Co-Convenors in planning the Symposium. from the European Commission (Mr D.W. Armstrong) and the Faroe Islands and Greenland Home Govern­ 3.2 Tenth Dialogue Meeting ments (Mr H. i Jakupsstovu and Mr J. Boje, both part­ time). Information on the status of numerous fish and English, French, Portuguese and Spanish language fly­ shellfish stocks and advice on their management were ers announcing the Tenth Dialogue Meeting on prepared and submitted to NEAFC and the European "Fisheries and Environment in the Bay of Biscay and Commission. Iberian Region: Can the Living Resources be Better Utilized?" (C.Res.1993/2:4), scheduled from 19-20 All members or their alternates were present at the October 1995 in Vigo, Spain, were produced and dis­ meeting in May 1995, as well as the Fishery Secretary, tributed in May 1995. The European Commission, Mr H. Sparholt, and Mr L. Pedersen (part-time) from DGXIV, agreed to financially co-sponsor the meeting. the Secretariat, the Chairman of the Working Group on A total of 17 speakers (scientists, fishery managers and Long-Term Management Measures (Dr T.K. Stokes, representatives of the fishing industry) presented papers part-time), the Chairman of the Working Group on the at the meeting. In preparation for the meeting itself, Assessment of Demersal and Pelagic Stocks in the Bal­ national co-ordination meetings took place in France, tic (Mr S. Munch-Petersen, part-time), and observers Portugal and Spain in June 1995. These were followed­ from the European Commission (Mr A. Astudillo) and up by a larger preparatory meeting held in Paris, the Faroe Islands and Greenland Home Governments France, from 12-13 September 1995 bringing together (Mr H. i Jakupsstovu and Mr J. Boje, both part-time). all the National Co-ordinators and some contributors. Information on the status of numerous fish and shellfish More than 100 registered participants, comprising sci­ stocks and advice on their management were prepared entists, administrators and representatives of the fishing and submitted to NASCO, IBSFC, NEAFC, the Euro­ industry attended the Tenth Dialogue Meeting from 19- pean Commission, and the Faroe Islands Home Gov­ 20 October. The report of the Tenth Dialogue Meeting, ernment. including summary abstracts of the contributions, will be published in the ICES Cooperative Research Report ACME series. ACME (Chairman: Dr K. Richardson, Denmark) met at 3.3 Bureau ICES Headquarters from 26-31 May 1995 (C.Res.1994/2:7). All members or their alternates (with The Mid-Term Meeting of the Bureau was held at ICES the exception of the member/alternate from the USA) Headquarters from 21-22 June 1995. All members were were present at the meeting, as well as the Environment present, as were the Chairman of the Consultative Secretary, the Oceanography Secretary (part-time), the Committee, the General Secretary, and two members of Chairman of the Consultative Committee (part-time), the Secretariat's Finance and Office Administration and the Chairman of the Marine Mammals Committee group. (Dr H. Benke). The Committee compiled scientific in­ formation and advice on topics requested by the Oslo The Bureau's second meeting in 1995 was held on 20 and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) and the Helsinki September in Aalborg, Denmark immediately prior to Commission (HELCOM), particularly on monitoring the 1995 ICES Annual Science Conference (83rd issues, including integrating biological effects measure­ Statutory Meeting). All members, as well as the Chair­ ments in monitoring programmes (e.g. contaminants man of the Consultative Committee and the General and their effects on organisms) and further developing Secretary were present. means to assess ecological quality.

3.4 Advisory Committees Representatives from OSPARCOM and HELCOM were present on 29 May 1995 to assist the Committee in ex­ ACFM amining ways of improving environmentally related advice for customer organisations. On 30 May, a repre­ ACFM (Chairman: Mr E Kirkegaard, Denmark) has sentative of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic held two meetings, both at ICES Headquarters, since Committee (IOC) presented information on and an­ the 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd Statutory swered questions about the Global Ocean Observing Meeting), the first from 25 October - 2 November 1994 System (GOOS) programme when ACME explored the (C.Res.1993/2-6) and the second from 16-24 May 1995 potential for ICES contribution to the design and im­ (C.Res.1994/2:6). plementation of GOOS. The Chairman of ACFM (Mr

263 E. Kirkegaard) participated in the GOOS discussions, The Bureau, at its June 1995 Meeting (Bureau Mtg. No. representing the utilisable living marine resources and 170), agreed to offer Ms Michala Ovens, who has fishery related activities of ICES. worked as Assistant (C.3, on temporary, part-time an­ nually renewable) mainly for the Librarian/Information 3.5 Consultative Committee Officer but also for the Fishery Secretary, permanent employment effective on 1 November 1995. It was also A special Mid-Term Meeting of the Consultative agreed that the contracts of Mr Henrik Sparholt Committee (Chairman: Dr R.C.A. Bannister, UK) was (Professional Grade P3, Fisheries Assessment Scientist, held at ICES Headquarters from 1-2 June 1995 (C.Res. employed since 2 March 1989), Mr Gary Hopwood 1994/2:2). All members were in attendance, as were the (Professional Grade P2, Marine Data Scientist, em­ President, the General Secretary, and the Professional ployed since 8 January 1992), andMr Jan Rene Larsen Secretaries (Environment, Fishery, Oceanography). The (Professional Grade P2, Marine Pollution Data Scien­ report of the meeting is presented in Doc. C.M. tist, employed since 1 September 1992) would be ex­ 1995/Gen:4. tended for further four-year periods.

3.6 Working/Study Group Meetings and Workshops Ms Eleanor Christiansen (C.5), employed as Senior Statistics Assistant under the direction of the Fishery The meetings of Working, Study, and other Groups and Secretary, has had to have her working hours reduced Workshops specified in C.Res.1994/2:3 - 2:57 have . from 35.5 hrs to 20 hrs per week on medical grounds. been arranged in consultation with their respective Chairmen and members. Many of these have already Mr Arne Pacius has continued in temporary, part-time taken place and several changes to dates and venues employment (P .1), under the supervision of the Fishery were also made. The reports of Groups concerned with Secretary, to provide computer programming assistance fish stock assessments which met from November 1994 with the development of the ICES Fisheries Assessment - May 1995 were reviewed by ACFM at its meeting Package (IF AP) and the International Bottom Trawl from 16-24 May 1995 (C.Res.1994/2:6). The reports Survey (IBTS) database. of Groups concerned with marine pollution, and marine environmental protection matters were reviewed by Mr Kenneth H. Brendum has continued in temporary, ACME at its meeting from 26-31 May 1995 part-time employment (C.4), under the supervision of (C.Res.1994/2:7). the Environment Secretary, to provide assistance in computer programming, in support of data handling. A list of the above meetings is given in Annex 2. Mr 10rgen M0ller Christensen has been employed as a 4 SECRETARIAT MATTERS temporary, part-time consultant (P .4), under the direc­ tion of the General Secretary, to prepare and dissemi­ 4.1 Staffing nate information about the Council's activities in 1995.

The total number of persons employed in the Secretariat 4.2 Conditions of Service for StaffMembers on a permanent, fixed-term, or temporary basis during the past year was 38. These persons have occupied ten A proposal for an updating of several sections of the permanent or fixed-term and two temporary, part-time Secretariat's StaffRules was approved by the Bureau at posts at the Professional level, and 19 permanent, one its June 1995 Mid-Term Meeting. one-year, and six temporary, part-time posts at the General Service level. 4.3 Improved Facilities and Equipment

Mr Kim Winther Andersen relinquished his position as A number of improvements have been made to the Custodian (C. l) on 1 April 1995 after two years of Headquarters facilities in the past year. In accordance service in the Secretariat. He was replaced by Mr Helge with the decision made by the Bureau in June 1994 Grandt Larsen (C.2) who started work on 1 May 1995. (Bureau Mtg. No. 168), capital from the Computer Equipment Fund was made available for improvements, In accordance with the decision at the June 1994 Meet­ upgrading, and replacement of PCs, software and disk­ ing of the Bureau (Bureau Mtg. No. 168), Mr Henrik storage facilities for Secretariat staff and scientists Larsen's permanent employment in the General Serv­ working at ICES Headquarters. These improvements ices grade C.1 (MOD group) was extended from 25 hrs and changes have included replacing all the previous per week to 35 hrs per week, and Ms Judith Rosen­ 386-type PCs with 486-type PCs and with machines meier (Technical Editor) was promoted from a perma­ with Pentium processors, utilisation of the Microsoft nent General Service level (C. 7) position to a perma­ Office program package comprising Word for Win­ nent Professional level (P.2) one, both these decisions dows, Excel, PowerPoint, and Eudora electronic mail, being effective on 1 November 1994. purchase of licences for use of the Risk assessment package for Excel, coupling ICES Headquarters to the

264 Internet World Wide Web, and purchase of a scanner Volume 52(1), pages 1-152, scheduled for February, was for electronically copying and transferring text and fig­ published in March 1995. The delay was attributable to ures forword processing and publishing. copy flow and the late return of a few authors' proofs, according to Academic Press, as well as to a change in An outmoded laser printer has been replaced by new staff with the attendant reorganisation of work. Issue no. models. 1 is the first of four standard numbers, which, in addition to a double issue containing ICES Symposium proceed­ The Castle Room, the main meeting room used by ings, will thus constitute the first volume in the series Working/Study Groups and by ACFM and ACME, un­ with six numbers. derwent a major refurbishing and painting in February and early March 1995. New furniture (desks, chairs, Volume 52(2), pages 153-259, carries the cover date of and whiteboards) was installed. Improvements and ad­ April 1995 to accommodate the new schedule of publica­ ditions were also made to the air-conditioning system. tion every second month. It was issued in June, owing to late receipt of copy, slow production of proofs, and 4.4 Extension to ICES Headquarters printer's delays, according to Academic Press (which has acted to correct the latter), and, to some extent, yet an­ The Danish Government, through the auspices of the other change in staff. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, graciously agreed in May 1995 to lease additional office space, totalling Volume 52(3) and (4), pages 261-773, was published in 2 272 m , for the Council in the ICES Headquarters September 1995. It is the first double issue to appear in building. The additional area will allow ICES to ac­ the series, and in line with a proposal approved by the commodate the Project Office for the North Atlantic Council at the 1993 Statutory Meeting, the first to contain Regional Programme of GLOBEC (C.Res.1994/4:7) as the proceedings of an ICES Symposium. Based on well as provide much needed office space for Secretar­ "Zooplankton Production - Measurement and Role in iat staff supporting the Council's growing science and Global Ecosystems Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cy­ advisory programmes in a wide range of environmental, cles", which was held in Plymouth, England, 15-19 oceanographic and fishery topics, e.g. integrated coastal August 1994, it has been published under the title area and ecosystem management, and a range of "Zooplankton Production". The scientific editing was 'sustainability' issues within the context of Agenda 21 completed by the Guest Editor and the Editor of the ICES Chapter 17 of UNCED. Some of the additional space on Journal and the papers were reviewed by the Secretariat the ground floor has been devoted to housing extra in March 1995. The 45 papers accepted for publication meeting facilities for Study/Working Groups. In rec­ were delivered to Editorial International Ltd for copy­ ognition of the unique contribution to ICES by Prof. editing during a meeting held at Academic Press at the J.H.S. Beverton, who died in July 1995, the new meet­ end of the month and then turned over to the latter in ing and computing rooms on the ground floor have been April/May for typesetting and final production. This named "The Beverton Rooms". double issue constitutes the numbers for June and August. It was originally expected off press in late July, but the 5 PUBLICATIONS publisher encountered technical problems with the illus­ trations and typesetting as well as delays in the return of Activities with respect to publications since the 1994 authors' proofs. It carries the series subtitle "ICES Ma­ Annual Science Conference (82nd Statutory Meeting) rine Science Symposia, Volume 200" (the next number in are reviewed below. Additional information is provided this series) for the sake of continuity and reader orienta­ in C.M. 1995/Pub:2, and the Report of the Publications tion. GBP 1000 has been allocated to the Symposium, to Committee presented in this Annual Report. be debited against editorial expenses for the ICES Jour­ nal. In accord with a recent decision (which is also appli­ 5.1 ICES Journal of Marine Science cable to future volumes), this sum is to be shared by all (Journal du Conseil) those involved in the actual editing of Symposium pro­ ceedings, at the discretion of the Convenors. Volume 51(4), pages 345-516, was published in Novem­ ber 1994 as scheduled. Eight of the 16 papers included Volume 52(5) was scheduled for publication in October stem from the 1993 Theme Session on "Impact of Gelati­ 1995 and met its cover date. nous Zooplankton Predators on Coastal and Shelf Ecosys­ tems". Issue no. 4, containing 172 pages, was the largest Volume 52(6) will constitute the fourth of the standard in the volume and compensated for the earlier shortage in numbers and is scheduled for publication in December the number of pages budgeted for publication in each 1995. It will contain eight papers presented at the 1994 quarter (128 x 4 = 512 pages). Mini-Symposium "On Fish Migration".

The subscription rates for Volume 51 were GBP 103.00 The subscription rates for Volume 52 are set at GBP or USD 177.00 for institutional subscriptions and GBP 215.00 or USD 365.00 for institutional subscriptions and 51.00 or USD 88.00for personal subscriptions. GBP 75.00 or USD 99.00 for personal subscriptions, to

265 accommodate the approximate doubling in the size of the Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, 6-8 September 1995, volume. This increase in prices for 1995 was initially will be published by NAFO in the Journal of Northwest expected to provide a net profit for the first time (and by Atlantic Fishery Science. 1998, with successive years of similar publication, a cu­ mulative profit). The estimated accounts for 1995 now 5.2 ICES Marine Science Symposia indicate a loss of GBP 1870, which nevertheless repre­ (Actes du Symposium) sents a considerable drop compared with the loss of GBP 9543 in 1994. A reduced unit price of GBP 11.00 was Volume 198, "Cod and Climate Change", 693 pages, and available for the purchase of proceedings volumes for containing 61 contributions presented at the ICES Sym­ participants in the meeting, and a further favourable re­ posium held in Reykjavik, Iceland, 23-27 August 1993, duction was extended to the Council for the purchase of was published in November 1994, approximately four 350 copies to be offered for sale and to cover the ap­ months after the receipt of the last material from the proximately 200names which are now on the complimen­ Editors. Printing was shifted to the Alden Press for the tary distribution list for the series ICES Marine Science first time, to limit costs. Symposiabut not on the list for the ICES Journal. Volume 199, "Shellfish Life Histories and Shellfishery Volume 53 is scheduled for publication in 1996 (which is Models", 467 pages, was, after protracted delays, pub­ the 70th anniversary of the ICES Journal, which was first lished in July 1995. It contains 52 papers based on mate­ published in 1926 as Journaldu Conseil). It is expected to rial presented at a Symposium held in Moncton, New comprise four standard numbers in addition to two sepa­ Brunswick, Canada, from 25-29 June 1990. An Introduc­ rate numbers containing Symposium proceedings. tion prepared by the Chairman of the Consultative Committee and the Symposium Convenor was released Volume 53(1), a standard number, is scheduled forpubli­ by the Secretariat to Editorial International in May. Type­ cation in February 1996. setting was placed with Fakenham Photosetting for the first time, to limit costs. Printing forthis volume reverted Volume 53(2) will stem from the Symposium on to Page Bros, which lowered its standard price by 10%. "Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics", which was held in Aberdeen, UK, 12-16 June 1995 (tentative page budget, Volume 200, "Zooplankton Production", published in 300 pages). The Guest Editors and a Technical Editor September 1995, is described tinder the ICES Journal of engaged to assist them delivered material to the Editors of Marine Science, Volume 52(3) and (4). the ICES Journal and to the Secretariat in September 1995. The Symposium proceedings will be copy-edited by Volume 201 will contain selected papers presented at the Editorial International Ltd and produced by Academic ICES Symposium on "Mass Rearing of Juvenile Fish", Press, as in the case of "Zooplankton Production". This held in Bergen, Norway, 21-23 June 1993. The Secretar­ volume is scheduled to come offpress in April 1996 and iat received the last of the 28 contributions to be pub­ will also carry the series subtitle ICES Marine Science lished (along with 36 abstracts of papers and posters) in Symposia, Volume 202. June 1995. The volume is expected to be off press in late November 1995. Volume 53(3) is expected to be a standard number that will be published in June 1996. Volume 202, "Fisheries and Plankton Acoustics", and Volume 203, based on the Symposium on "Changes in Volume 53(4) is scheduled for August 1996 and will, if the North Sea Ecosystem and Their Causes: Arhus 1975 possible, include the proceedings of the Symposium on Revisited", are described under the ICES Journal of "Changes in the North Sea Ecosystem and Their Causes: Marine Science as, respectively, Volume 53(2) and Arhus 1975 Revisited", which was held in Arhus, Den­ Volume 53(4). mark, 11-14 July 1995 (tentative page budget, 250 pages). The proceedings will carry the series subtitle 5.3 ICES Cooperative Research Reports ICES MarineScience Symposia, Volume 203. (Rapport des Recherches Collectives)

The subscription rates for Volume 53 in 1996 are set at The following ICES Cooperative Research Reports have GBP 225.00 or USO 360.00 for institutional subscriptions been published since the last report on publications was and GBP 80 or USO 102.00for personal subscriptions. presented to the 1994 Annual Science Conference (82nd Statutory Meeting): Volume 54, for 1997, is expected to include an issue containing the proceedings of the Symposium on No. 199 Report of the Working Group on Methods of "Seabirds in the Marine Environment", to be held in Fish Stock Assessment; issued in August Glasgow, UK, 22-24 November 1996. 1995. No. 200 Report of the Study Group on Ecosystem Papers presented at the NAFO/ICES Symposium on "The Effects of Fishing Activities; issued in Sep­ Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem", held in tember 1995.

266 No. 204, Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on graphic reproduction than can be furnished using the Sec­ the Marine Environment, 1994, was published retariat's in-house facilities. Trekroner Offset have sup­ in September 1994. Annex 3 of the Report plied samples of their work, which the authors have ap­ contains the basic text of the "ICES Code of proved, and presented an acceptable bid. Although it is Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of too early to set a firm date, this publication could be off Marine Organisms, 1994", which was issued press in early 1996. as a pre-print in June 1995. A bilingual Eng­ lish/French version of the Code, with slight Several other Reports are in various stages of prepara­ emendations, was published in September tion, and will either be published later this year or early 1995, for free distribution (C.Res.94/1:4). next year. No. 205 Spawning and Life History Information for 5.4 ICES Fisheries Statistics North Atlantic Cod Stocks (Edited by K. (BulletinStatistique des Peches Maritimes) Brander); issued in November 1994. No. 206 Dynamics_ of Upwelling in the ICES Area The last number to be published in this series was Vol­ (Edited by E. Hagen and A. Jorge da Silva); ume 73 (data for 1988), issued in November 1992. Vol­ issued in March 1995. ume 74 has been delayed by the absence of data from Spain and inadequate area allocations in the data from No. 207 Report on the Results of the ICES/IOC/ France. Despite the continuing questions regarding the OSPARCOM Intercomparison Programme absence and reliability of certain data and the appropri­ on the Analysis of Chlorobiphenyls in Ma­ ateness of the present format, it has been decided that rine Media-Step 2 and the lntercomparison Volume 74 and subsequent volumes should nonetheless be Programme on the Analysis of PAHs in Ma­ put into production. rine Media-Stage 1; issued in January 1995. 5.5 Oceanographic Data Lists and Inventories No. 208 Results of the 1990/1991 Baseline Study of Contaminants in North Sea Sediments This series, in its traditional form issued on paper has (Edited by S.M. Rowlatt and I.M. Davies); become outmoded and pertinent information regarding issued in April 1995. oceanographic services and data available from the Sec­ No. 209 Underwater Noise of Research Vessels: Re­ retariat is currently found on the ICES homepage of the view and Recommendations (Edited by R.B. Internet World Wide Web. Mitson); issued in May 1995. 5.6 ICES IdentificationLeaflets for Plankton No. 210 Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on (Fiches d'ldentification du Plancton) Fishery Management, 1994 (Parts 1 and 2); issued in April 1995. Nos. 178, 179, and 180, issued in July 1992, are the No. 211 lntercalibration Exercises on the Qualitative last to be published in this series. and Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acids in Artemia and Marine Samples Used in The Secretariat has received five manuscripts on 1) Pro­ Mariculture (Edited by B. Howell, Y. Olsen rocentrum, 2) Acartia, Paracartia, 3) Euchaeta, 4) Pseu­ and J. Inglesias); issued in October 1995. donitzschia, and 5) Phyllodocidae, which will be pub­ lished as a set. The printers who have taken care of this series for many years can no longer do so, and the Secre­ At the 1993 Statutory Meeting the Council accepted the tariat has been looking into the possibilities for handling recommendation of the Publications Committee that an­ the demanding format, including numerous photographs other number be published in this series, the "Guide to (compared with the former reliance on simple line draw­ the Identification of North Sea Fish Using Premaxillae ings in this series) at a reasonable price. and Vertebrae", and asked the Secretariat to look into the feasibility of producing it. On the basis of suggestions and 5.7 ICES Identification Leaflets for Diseases and comments by a reviewer, the authors have revised the Parasites of Fish and Shellfish (Fiches d'ldentifi­ manuscript, providing additional cross-referencing and cation des Maladies et Parasites des Poissons, preparing a key to the premaxillae, and will furnish up­ Crustaces et Mollusques) dated supplementary material as soon as they can. The copy-editing of the basic text remains to be completed in Nos. 41-50, dated 1991 and issued in January 1992, are the Secretariat (a job that has been repeatedly postponed the last set published in this series. Since then, the Sec­ owing to other priorities but that will be completed by retariat has received two manuscripts on Stephanostomum late November 1995), after which the authors will under­ tenue and Gaffkemia in respectively_September and Octo­ take to produce camera-ready copy. The manuscript con­ ber 1995 as well as indications that other leaflets were tains approximately 230 pages of text and 296. black-and­ being prepared. The leaflets will be issued in smaller sets white photographs that will require handling by a com­ than the former group of ten to avoid further delays. The mercial printer able to provide a better quality of photo- Publications Committee has expressed an interest in

267 drawing this issue to the attention of the Consultative The manuscript of a sixth number was recently received: Committee, which may be able to look into the question No. 22 Biological effects of contaminants: Cholines­ of how best to ensure that the series can be resumed and terase inhibition by organophosphorus and published with greatei: regularity than in recent years. carbamate compounds (draft title). 5.8 Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences Some delays have been experienced in the production of The last set of four numbers (13-16) in this series was these manuscripts, however, it is anticipated that most published in 1991. of them will be published in early 1996. Despite these delays, there is a strong interest in this series, particu­ The following manuscripts for the remaining numbers larly among ICES, OSPARCOM, and HELCOM will soon be completed. groups dealing with marine monitoring, and a number of methods descriptions are presently under preparation No. 17 Nutrients: Practical notes on determinations for new types of measurements of biological effects of in seawater. contaminants. No. 18 Contaminants in marine organisms: Pooling strategies for monitoring mean concentra­ 5.9 ICES Annual Report tions. (Proces-Verbal de la Reunion) No. 19 Common diseases and parasites of fish in the The ICES Annual Report for 1994 was issued in March North Atlantic: Training guide for identifica­ 1995. tion. No. 20 Contaminants in marine organisms: A robust 5.10 ICES/CIEM Information method for analysing temporal trends. Number 25 of this newsletter was issued in March No. 21 Chlorobiphenyls in marine sediments: 1995. Number 26 was issued in early September 1995. Guidelines for determination.

268 ANNEX 1 MEETINGS AT WHICHICES WAS REPRESENTED BY OBSERVERS

1. Second Meeting of the Ministerial Declaration Group of the North Sea Conference (4NSC), Esbjerg, Denmark, 9-11 November 1994. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 2. Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC), London, UK, 16-18 November 1994. ICES Representatives: General Secretary, Fishery Secretary, and Chairman of ACFM. 3. Second Meeting of OSPARCOM's Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Committee (ASMO), Ostende, Belgium, 5-9 December 1994. ICES Representatives: Environment Secretary and Oceanography Secretary. 4. European Commission Advisory Committee on Fisheries, Brussels, Belgium, 7 December 1994. ICES Representative: Chairman of ACFM. 5. Second Meeting of the Progress Report Group of the North Sea Conference (NSC4), Esbjerg, Denmark, 17- 20 January 1995. ICES Representatives: Environment Secretary and Fishery Secretary. 6. UN Administrative Committee on Coordination's Sub-Committee on Ocean and Coastal Areas, Geneva, Switzerland, 23-27 January 1995. ICES Representative: Oceanography Secretary. 7. First Meeting of OSP AR' s Working Group on Concentrations, Inputs, and Effects of Substances in the Marine Environment (SIME), Delft, Netherlands, 6-10 February 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 8. Third Meeting of the Progress Report Group of the North Sea Conference (NSC4), Esbjerg, Denmark, 13- 15 February 1995. ICES Representatives: Environment Secretary and Fishery Secretary. 9. Fourteenth Meeting of the Arctic Ocean Science Board (AOSB), Bremerhaven, Germany, 9-11 March 1995. ICES Representative: Prof. P. Miilkki. 10. Twenty-First Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI), Rome, Italy, 10-15 March 1995. ICES Representatives: President, General Secretary, Fishery Secretary and Chairman of ACFM. 11. Sixteenth Meeting of HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 14-17 March 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 12. Fourth Meeting of the Progress Report Group of the North Sea Conference (NSC4), Esbjerg, Denmark, 20 March 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 13. Third Meeting of the Ministerial Declaration Group of the North Sea Conference (4NSC), Esbjerg Denmark, 21-23 March 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 14. Sixteenth Session of the Coordinating Working Party on Atlantic Fishery Statistics, Madrid, Spain, 20-25 March 1995. ICES Representatives: Fishery Secretary, Chairman of Statistics Committee, Mr J. Rainha, Portugal. 15. Working Group "Fishery Statistics" of the Agricultural Statistics Committee, Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), Luxembourg, 28-29 March 1995. ICES Representative: Fishery Secretary. 16. Coordination Meeting for HELCOM Environmental Activities, Hamburg, Germany, 5-6 April 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 17. Third Meeting of the OSPAR Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Committee (ASMO), Arc-et­ Seans, France, 24-28 April 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 18. Twenty-fifth Session of the IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), Rome, Italy, 24-28 April 1995. ICES Representative: Dr J.M. Bewers. 19. Meeting of the HELCOM EC Nature Group, Roosta, Estonia, 2-5 May 1995. ICES Representative: Dr C. Eriksson. 20. Eighteenth Session of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), Rome, Italy, 17-25 May 1995. ICES Representative: Prof. H. Ackefors.

269 21. Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC), Dublin, Ireland, 29 May-2 June 1995. ICES Representatives: Prof. L. Walloe (IWC) and Dr A. Bj0rge (IWC, Scientific Committee). 22. Fourth International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (4NSC), Esbjerg, Denmark, 8-9 June 1995. ICES Representatives: General Secretary, Environment Secretary, Fishery Secretary, and Chairman of ACME. 23. Twelfth Annual Meeting of NASCO, Glasgow, Scotland (UK), 12-16 June 1995. ICES Representatives: General Secretary, Fishery Secretary and Chairman of ACFM. 24. Eighteenth Session of the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Paris, France, 13-27 June 1995. ICES Representative: Oceanography Secretary. 25. Eighth Meeting of the EC MAST Data Committee, Delphi, Greece, 25-28 June 1995. ICES Representative: Oceanography Secretary. 26. Meeting of the IBSFC ad hoe Working Group on Baltic Salmon, Alvkarleby, Sweden, 28-30 June 1995. ICES Representative: Chairman of ACFM. 27. Meeting of the Assessment Steering Group of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Copenhagen, Denmark, 28-30 June 1995. ICES Representative: Environmental Data Scientist. 28. Seventeenth Joint Meeting of the Oslo and Paris Commissions, Brussels, Belgium, 26-30 June 1995. ICES Representatives: General Secretary and Environment Secretary. 29. Co-ordination Meeting of SCOR, IOC, ICES, and PICES to determine an implementation plan for GLOBEC after establishment as an IGBP Core Project, University of Massachusetts, USA, 7-8 August 1995. ICES Representative: General Secretary. 30. Informal Meeting on Data Handling Strategy under HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 15-16 August 1995. ICES Representative: Environment Secretary. 31. Twenty-First Session of the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC), Warsaw, Poland, 4-8 September 1995. ICES Representatives: General Secretary, Fishery Secretary and Chairman of ACFM. 32. Symposium of the Baltic Marine Biologists, Parnu, Estonia, 5-8 September 1995. ICES Representative: Dr E. Ojaveer. 33. Seventeenth Annual Meeting and Scientific Council of NAFO, Dartmouth, Canada, 18-19 September 1995. ICES Representative: Mr H.-P. Cornus. 34. First Meeting of the Committee of North Sea Senior Officials in preparation for the Intermediate Ministerial Meeting and the Fifth International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea, Oslo, Norway, 12-13 October 1995. ICES Representatives: General Secretary, Fishery Secretary, and Chairman of ACFM. 35. First Meeting of the OSPAR Working Group on Impacts on the Marine Environment (IMPACT), Stockholm, Sweden, 10-13 October 1995. ICES Representatives: Environment Secretary, Fisheries Assessment Scientist. 36. Sixth Meeting of the Environment Committee (EC6) and Sixth Meeting of the Technological Committee of HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 16-20 October 1995. ICES Representatives: Environment Secretary and Chairman of ACME.

270 ANNEX2 ICES WORKING/STUDY/STEERING GROUP MEETINGS AND WORKSHOPS IN 1994/1995

The Numbers given in brackets refer to the number of persons participating from the particular coun­ try /institution.

Consultative Committee

1. Ad Hoe Group on the ICES Secretariat Databases (C.Res. 1994/A.6) Chairman: Dr G. Stefansson Held in Copenhagen, 2-3 February, 1995. Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/A:6.

2. Cod andClimate Backward-Facing Workshop (C.Res. 1994/A:7) Chairmen: Dr R.R. Dickson and Dr K.T. Frank Held in Dartmouth, Canada, 8-10 March 1995. Countries represented: Canada (23), Germany (1), Norway (1), UK (2), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/A:7.

3. Working Groupon Cod andC limate Change (C.Res. 1994/A:4) Chairman: Dr S. Sundby Held in Copenhagen, 4-6 April, 1995. Countries represented: Canada (3), Denmark (6), Germany (2), Netherlands (1), Norway (6), Sweden (1), UK (2), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/A:8.

Advisory Committee on Fishery Management

4. Planning Group on Multispecies Assessments of Boreal Systems (C.Res. 1994/2:6:7) Chairman: Dr K. Magnusson Held in Bergen, Norway, 24-27 January 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Iceland (3), Norway (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:10.

5. Working Group on Methods of Fish Stock Assessment (C.Res. 1994/2:6:17) Chairman: Dr G. Stefansson Held in Copenhagen, 6-14 February 1995. Countries represented: Australia (1), Canada (5), Denmark (1), France (1) Iceland (4), Norway (2), South Africa (1), UK (5), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:ll.

6. Working Group on Nephrops Stocks (C.Res. 1994/2:6: 19) Chairman: Dr D. Bennett Held in Lowestoft, UK, 2-9 March 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), France (1), Ireland (1), Norway (1), Portugal (1), Spain (1), Sweden (1), UK (8). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:12.

7. Herring Assessment Working Group forthe Area South of 62°N (C.Res. 1994/2:6:4) Chairman: Mr R. Toresen Held in Copenhagen, 27 March-5 April 1995.

271 Countries represented: Denmark (4), France (1), Germany (1), Ireland (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (2), Sweden (1), UK (3), USA (1). (Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:13).

8. WorkingGroup o n North Atlantic Salmon (C.Res. 1994/2:6: 19) Chairman: Mr E.C.E. Potter Held in Copenhagen, 3-12 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (4), Faroes (1), Finland (1), France (2), Greenland (1), Iceland (1), Ireland (1), Norway (2), Russia (1), Sweden (1), UK (3), USA(2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:14.

9. Working Group on Long-Term Management Measures (C.Res. 1994/2:6:16) Chairman: Dr T.K. Stokes Held in Lowestoft, UK, 4-12 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Denmark (1), Iceland (2), Netherlands (2), Norway (2), Russia (1), Spain (2), UK (6), USA (3), FAO (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:15.

10. BalticSal mon andTr outAssessmen t Working Group (C.Res. 1994/2:6:3) Chairman: Mr L. Karlsson Held in Copenhagen, 5-12 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Denmark (2), Estonia (1), Finland (2), Latvia (1), Poland (1), Sweden (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:16

11. StudyGroup on Data Preparation for the Assessment of Demersaland Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic (C.Res. 1994/2:6:9) Chairman: Dr J. Horbowy Held in Copenhagen, 18-21 April 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (5), Estonia (2), Finland (2) Germany (2), Latvia (3), Poland (2), Russia (2), Sweden (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:17.

12. Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal and Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic (C.Res. 1994/2:6:10) Chairman: Mr S. Munch-Petersen Held in Copenhagen, 22-27 April 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (5), Estonia (1), Finland (2), Germany (2), Latvia (3), Poland (2), Russia (2), Sweden (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:18.

13. NorthWeste rnWorkin g Group (C.Res. 1994/2:6:8) Chairman: Dr S.A. Schopka Held in Copenhagen, 3-10 May 1995. Countries represented: Faroe Islands (3), Germany (1), Greenland (3), Iceland (6), Norway (2), Russia (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:19.

14. ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harpand Hooded Seals (C.Res. 1994/2:6:5) Chairman: Dr G. Stenson Held at Dartmouth, Canada, 5-9 June 1995. Canada (3), Denmark (1), Greenland (1), Norway (3), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Assess:20

272 15. Working Groupon theAssessment of NorthernShelf Demersal Stocks (C.Res. 1994/2:6:14) Chairman: Dr M. Armstrong Held in Copenhagen, 13-22 June 1995 Countries represented: Belgium (1), France (1), Ireland (1), UK (6). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:1.

16. Working Group on Multispecies Assessment of Baltic Fish (C.Res. 1994/2:6:11) Chairman: Mr B. Sjostrand Held in Copenhagen, 14-22 June 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (3), Estonia (1), Germany (2), Latvia (1), Poland (1), Sweden (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:2.

17. Multispecies Assessment Working Group (C.Res. 1994/2:6:6) Chairman: Dr J. Rice Held in Bergen, Norway, 21-28 June 1995. Countries represented: Canada (3), Denmark (1), Faroe Islands (1), Germany (1), Iceland (5), Norway (7), Russia (6), UK (3), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:3.

18. Arctic Fisheries WorkingGroup (C.Res. 1994/2:6:1) Chairman: Mr K. Sunnana Held in Copenhagen, 23-31 August 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Germany (1), Greenland (1), Iceland (1), Norway (6), Spain (2), Russia (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:4.

19. Working Groupon the Assessment of SouthernShelf Demersal Stocks (C.Res. 1994/2:6:15) Chairman: Mr B. Mesnil Held in Copenhagen, 5-14 September 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), France (6), Ireland (1), Portugal (2), Spain (4), UK (2) The Report will be available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:5.

20. Working Groupon the Assessment of Demersal Stocks in the NorthSea and Skagerrak (C.Res. 1994/2:6:12) Chairman: Mr P. Degnbol Held in Copenhagen, 2-10 October 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), Denmark (4), France (2), Germany (2), Netherlands (3), Norway (3), Sweden (1), UK (5). The Report will be available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:6.

21. Working Groupon theAssessment of Mackerel. Horse Mackerel. Sardine and Anchovy (C.Res. 1994/2:6: 13) Chairman: Ms C. Porteiro Held in Copenhagen, 10-19 October 1995. Countriesrepresented: Denmark (1), France (1), Ireland(1), Netherlands(1), Norway (2), Portugal (3), Spain (5), UK (4). The Report will be available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:7.

273 22. Atlanto-ScandianHerring, Capelin and BlueWhiting AssessmentWorking Group (C.Res. 1994/2:6:2) Chairman: Mr I. Rettingen Held in Bergen, Norway, 12-18 October 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Denmark (2), Iceland (2), Norway (7), Russia (2), Spain (1). The Report will be available as C.M. Doc. 1996/Assess:8.

Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment

23. Joint Meeting of theWorking Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution and the Working Groupon Biological Effects of Contaminants (C.Res. 1994/2:7:5) Chairman: Dr I. Davies Held in Aberdeen, UK, 31 January-2 February 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), France(!), Germany (2), Iceland (1), Netherlands (1), Spain (1), UK (5). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:2.

24. Working Groupon Biological Effectsof Contaminants (C.Res. 1994/2:7.4) Chairman: Dr R. Stagg Held in Aberdeen, UK, 3-7 February 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), Canada (1), France (1), Germany (3), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), UK (5). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:3.

25. Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution (C.Res. 1994/2:7.3) Chairman: Dr S. Rowlatt Held in Aberdeen, UK, 3-7 February 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), France (1), Germany (2), Iceland (1), Spain (1), UK (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:4.

26. Working Group on Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Strategies (C.Res. 1994/2:7.7) Chairman: Dr I. Davies Held in Aberdeen, UK, 27-31 March 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), France (2), Germany (1), Norway (1), Spain (1), Sweden (3), UK (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:5.

27. Joint Meeting of the Working Group on Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Strategies and the Working Groupo n StatisticalA spects of Environmental Monitoring (C.Res. 1994/2:7.9) Chairmen: Dr I. Davies and Dr M.D. Nicholson Held in Aberdeen, UK, 1-2 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Denmark (2), France (3), Germany (2), Greece (1), Netherlands (2), New Zealand (2), Spain (1), Sweden (2), UK (3), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:7.

28. Marine Chemistry Working Group (C.Res. 1994/2:7.1) Chairman: Dr W. Cofino Held in Reykjavik, Iceland, 3-7 April 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (2), Canada (2), Denmark (4), Finland (1), France (3), Germany (1), Iceland (5), Ireland (1), Netherlands (4), Norway (1), Spain (1), UK (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:8.

274 29. Working Group on Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms (C.Res. 1994/2:7 .10) Chairman: Prof. J.T. Carlton Held in Kiel, Germany, 10-13 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), France (1), Germany (4), Ireland (1), Lithuania (1), Sweden (3), UK (4), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env:9.

30. ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Temporal Trend Assessment of Data on Contaminants in Biota from the Baltic Sea (C.Res. 1994/3: 10) Chairman: Dr C. Agger Held in Copenhagen, 24-28 April 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (3), Estonia (3), Germany (1), Poland (1), Sweden (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/Env: 10.

Fish Capture Committee

31. Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality in Fisheries (C.Res. 1994/2: 10) Chairman: Dr B. Isaksen Held in Aberdeen, UK, 17-18 April 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Germany (1), Iceland 91), Japan (2), Norway (1), Sweden (1), UK (2), USA (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/B:1.

32. Working Group on Fishing Technologyand Fish Behaviour (C.Res. 1994/2:8) Chairman: Dr S.J. Walsh Held in Aberdeen, UK, 19-21 April 1995. Belgium (2), Canada (7), Denmark (6), France (2), Germany (2), Iceland (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (3), Poland (1), Spain (1), Sweden (5), UK (5), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/B:2.

33. Study Group on TargetS trengthMethodology (C.Res. 1994/2: 11) Chairman: Mr E. Ona Held in Aberdeen, UK, 8-10 June 1995. Countries represented: Australia (1), Canada (1), Iceland (1), Norway (1), South Africa (1), UK (1), USA (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/B:3.

34. Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology (C.Res. 1994/2:9) Chairman: Mr E.J. Simmonds Held in Aberdeen, UK, 17 June 1995. Countries represented: Australia (1), Canada (1), Faroe Islands (1), Iceland (1), Norway (4), South Africa (2), UK (2), USA (3). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/B:4.

Hydrography Committee

35. Working Group on Oceanicy H drography (C.Res. 1994/2:13) Chairman: Dr E. Buch Held in Oban, UK, 26-28 April 1995.

275 Countries represented: Canada (1), Denmark (1), Germany (1), Iceland (2), Netherlands (1), Norway (3), Spain (1), Sweden (1), UK (4). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/C:1.

36. Working Groupon Marine Data Management (C.Res. 1994/2:12) Chairman: Dr L. Rickards Held in Dublin, Ireland, 1-3 May 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (1), Finland (1), France (1), Iceland (1), Ireland (1), Netherlands (1), Norway 91) Portugal (1), Sweden (1), UK (3), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/C:2.

37. Working Group on Shelf Seas Hydrography (C.Res. 1994/2:14) Chairman: Dr H. Dahlin Held in Helsinki, Finland, 18-19 May 1995. Countries represented: Finland (2), Germany (2), Netherlands (1), Norway (2), UK (1), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/C:3.

Statistics Committee

38. Statistics CommitteeLi aison Working Group (C.Res. 1994/2: 16) Chairman: Dr R.M. Cook Held in Copenhagen, 15-17 February 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (1), Norway (1), Sweden (1), EUROSTAT (1), FAO (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/D:1.

39. WorkingGroup on StatisticalA spects of Environmental Monitoring (C.Res. 1994/2:7:8) Chairman: Dr M.D. Nicholson Held in Aberdeen, UK, 27-31 March 1995. Countries represented: Canada 92), Denmark (1), Germany (1), Greece (1), Netherlands (2), Norway 91), Sweden 92), UK (3), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/D:2.

Marine Environmental Quality Committee

40. Steering Group on QualityA ssurance of BiologicalM easurements in the Baltic Sea (C.Res. 1994/2:18) Chairman: Dr L. Hernroth Held in Gdynia, Poland, 14-16 February 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (1), Estonia (1), Finland (1), Germany (1), Lithuania (1), Poland (4), Sweden (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/E:l.

41. Steering Group on Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements in the Baltic Sea (C.Res. 1994/2:20) Chairman: Dr U. Harms Held in Tallinn, Estonia, 21-23 March 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (1), Finland (2), Germany (2), Latvia (1), Poland (1), Sweden (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/E:2.

42. Steering Group for the Coordination of a Baseline Study on Contaminants in Baltic Sediments (C.Res. 1994/2:19) Chairman: Dr M. Perttila Held in Copenhagen, 10-12 April 1995.

276 Countries represented: Denmark (4), Finland (1), Germany (1), Poland (1), Sweden (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/E:3.

43. Working Groupon theBaltic Marine Environment (C.Res. 1994/2:21) Chairman: Dr H.P. Hansen Held in Norrkoping, Sweden, 19-21 April 1995. Countries represented: Estonia (1), Finland (1), Germany (2), Poland (1), Sweden (4). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995 E:4.

44. Working Groupon the Effects of Extraction of MarineSediments on Fisheries (C.Res. 1994/2:22) Chairman: Dr S.J. de Groot Held in Dublin, Ireland, 25-28 April 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (2), Canada (3), Denmark (1), France (4), Ireland (4), Netherlands (3), Norway (1), Sweden (1), UK (6), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/E:5.

45. ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance and Intercomparison of Pelagic Biological Measurements in theBaltic Sea (C.Res. 1994/3:9) Chairman: Dr L. Edler Held in Warnemiinde, Germany, 16-20 September 1995. The Report will be available in 1996.

Mariculture Committee

46. BMB/ICES Sea-Going Workshop on Diseases and Parasites of Baltic Fish (C.Res. 1993/3:9) Chairmen: Dr T. Lang and Prof. J. Thulin Held on board R/V "Walther Herwig" from 25 November-8 December 1994. Report available as Annex llB in C.M. Doc. 1995/F:3.

47. Working Group on Applicationof Genetics in Fisheries & Mariculture (C.Res. 1994/2:25) Chairman: Prof. J. Mork Held in Copenhagen, 30 January-2 February 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Denmark (1), Estonia (1), Iceland (1), Norway (3), UK (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/F:2.

48. Sub-Groupon Fish Disease Data Submission (C.Res. 1994/2:23.1) Chairman: Dr A.D. Vethaak Held in La Tremblade, France, 1-2 April 1995. Report available as Annex to C.M. Doc. 1995/F:3.

49. Working Group on Pathologyand Diseases of Marine Organisms (C.Res. 1994/2:23) Chairman: Dr A. McVicar Held in La Tremblade, France, 3-7 April 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), Canada (2), Denmark (1), Estonia (1), Finland (1), France (2), Germany (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), Spain (1), UK (2), USA (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/F:3.

277 50. WorkingG roupo n Mass Rearing of Juvenile Marine Fish (C.Res. 1994/2:26) Chairman: Dr B. Howell Held in Conwy, UK, 22-24 June 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (2), Canada (1), Denmark (1), Finland (1), France (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), Spain (3), Sweden (1), UK (7). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/F:4.

51. WorkshQP on Principles and Practical Measures for the Interaction of Mariculture and Fisheries in Coastal Area Planning and Management (C.Res. 1994/2:28) Chairmen: Dr P. Burbridge, Prof. H. Rosenthal and Dr M. Heral Held in Kiel, Germany, 19-22 July 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Denmark (1), France (1), Germany (7), Greece (1), Ireland (2), Norway (4), Sweden (1), UK (1) Guests (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/F:5.

52. WorkshQP on Modelling Environmental Interactions in Mariculture (C.Res. 1994/2:27) Chairmen: Dr B.T. Hargrave and Dr W. Silvert Held in Dartmouth, Canada, 6-8 September 1995. Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/F:6.

Demersal Fish Committee

53. StudyG roupon Redfish Stocks (C.Res. 1994/2:34) Chairman: Dr J. Magnusson Held in Copenhagen, 1-2 May 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (1), Germany (1), Greenland (1), Iceland (3), Norway (1), Russia (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/G:1.

54. SaitheS tudy Group (C.Res. 1994/2:29) Chairman: Mr K. Nedreaas Held in Aberdeen, UK, 30 May-2 June 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Denmark (1), Faroe Islands (2), Germany (2), Iceland (1), Norway (4), UK (4). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/G:2.

55. StudyGroup on Elasmobranch Fishes (C.Res. 1994/2:30) Chairman: Dr H. da Silva Held in Copenhagen, 15-18 August 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), France (1), Germany (1), Netherlands (1), Norway (1), Portugal (1), UK (1), ICCAT observers (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/G:3

56. Workshop on Sandeel Otolith Analysis (C.Res. 1994/2:32) Chairman: Dr E. Moksness Held in Fl0devigen, Norway. 28 August-1 September 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (4), Norway (6), UK (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/G:4.

278 Pelagic Fish Committee

57. Workshop on MackerelOtolith Readin g (C.Res. 1994/2:37) Chairman: Mr A. Eltink Held in Vigo, Spain, 8-14 February 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (2), Ireland (1), Netherlands (2), Norway (1), Portugal (1), Russia (2), Spain (5), UK (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/H:l.

Baltic Fish Committee

58. Study Group on Assessment-RelatedResearch ActivitiesReleva nt to Baltic Fish Resources (C.Res. 1994/2:39) Chairman: Mr H. Sparholt Held in Riga, Latvia, 23 February-I March 1995. Countries represented: Denmark (2), Estonia (1), Germany (2), Latvia (7), Lithuania (2), Poland (2), Russia (3), Sweden (2). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/J:l.

Biological Oceanography Committee

59. Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecology (C.Res. 1994/2:48) Chairman: Prof. F. Colijn Held inThe Hague, Netherlands, 29-31 March 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Finland (1), Germany (2), Iceland (1), Ireland (1), Norway (2), Spain (1), Sweden (2), UK (1), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/L:2.

60. BenthosEcology Wor king Group (C.Res. 1994/2:50) Chairman: Dr P. Kingston Held in Kalbak, Faroe Islands, 3-6 May 1995. Countries represented: Belgium (1), Denmark (1), Faroe Islands (1), France (1), Germany (3), Iceland (1), Netherlands (4), Poland (1), Spain (1), UK (4), USA (1). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/L:3.

61. Sub-Group of Members of theWorkin g Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics andParticipant s in the1994 Workshop on lntercomparison of in situ GrowthRate Measurements (C.Res. 1994/2:49: 1) Chairman: Ms A. Sampayo Held in Helsinki, Finland, 15-16 May 1995. Countries represented: Canada (1), Finland (1), Norway (1), Portugal (1), Spain (1), Sweden (4), USA (2). Report available as Annex to C.M. Doc. 1995/L:4.

62. ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics (C.Res. 1994/2:49) Chairman: Ms B. Reguera Held in Helsinki, Finland, 17-19 May 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Denmark (2), Finland (1), France (2), Germany (1), Norway (1), Portugal (1), Spain (1), Sweden (5), UK (1), USA (4). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/L:4.

279 63. WorkingG roup on Zoo.plankton Ecology (C.Res. 1994/2:53) Chairmap.: Mr H.-R. Skjoldal Held in WoodsHole, USA, 19-23 June 1995. Countries represented: Canada (2), Germany (1), Norway (3), Spain (1), USA (4). Report available as C.M. Doc. 1995/L:5.

Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee

64. StudyGroup on Stock Identification Protocolsfor Finfishand S hellfish (C.Res. 1994/2:56) Chairman: Dr K. Friedland To be held in Aberdeen, UK, from30 October-2 November 1995. The Report will be available in 1996.

280 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT FOR TUE PERIOD 1 NOVEMBER 1993 - 31 OCTOBER 1994

DKK DKK

Income National Contributions 13,508,450 Other Contributions ...... 3,790,195 Sale of Publications ...... 219,214 Miscel1aneous Income ...... 334,746 17,852,605

Expenditure Salaries ...... 10,603,425 Office Expenses ...... 1,812,049 EDP Expenses ...... 1,356,096 Travels and Meetings ...... 2,241,379 Publications ...... 629,870 Pensions ...... 484,828 Incidentals for President and Chairmen ...... 53,639 17,181,286 Operating Profit ...... 671,319

Interest Receivable ...... 960,268 Interest Payable ...... 85,904 874,364 Profit for the Year ...... 1,545,683

Allocated as follows Transferred to Capital Reserve Fund 1,437,189 Interest transferred to Capital Reserve Fun

1,545,683

281 BALANCE SHEET AT 31 OCTOBER 1994

DKK DKK ASSETS

Tangible Fixed Assets Computer Equipmenl ...... 233,509 Total fixed Assets ...... 233,509

Current Assets Stocks ...... 188,216 Debtors Debtors from Publicalions ...... 29,742 Other Debtors ...... 535,285 Total Debtors 565,027 Investments ...... 2,982,959 Cash at bank and in hand ...... 12,930,988 Total Current Assets ...... 16,667,190

TOTAL ASSETS ...... 16,900,699

282 BALANCE SHEET AT 31 OCTOBER 1994

DKK DKK LIABILITIES

Capital and Reserves Capital ...... 2,814,214

Reserves Computer Fund 544,429 Total Capital and Reserves ...... 3,358,643

Creditors Short-tenu creditors Prepaid Contributions 12,098,936 Computer loan ...... 233,509 Trade creditors ...... 706,616 Other creditors ...... 84,988 Publications ...... 418,007 Total creditors ...... 13,542,056

TOTAL LIABILITIES ...... 16,900,699

✓���-� Christopher C.E. Hopkins / Jytte An

283 AUDITORS' REPORT

We have audited the final accounts of the InternationalCouncil forthe Exploration of the Sea for1993/ 1994. Our audit was carried out in accordance with Rule 20 (vii) adopted at the 82nd (1994) Statutory Meeting in Canada and included such auditing procedures as we considered necessary.

In our opinion, the final accounts of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea at 31 October 1994 present fairly assets and liabilities, the financial position and profit for the year.

Copenhagen, 23 March 1995.

KPMG C. Jespersen

Po� 1 N:,ing!lu:�. State Authorized Sta e Authorized Public Accountant Public Accountant

We approve the foregoing Accounts and 13alance Sheet.

Mr P.H.A Hoogweg Dr A.A. Elizarov Chairman

11/:fhr Mr N.A. Nielsen • Pr'�efA.-P: •

7_:_z;f,) -. //J/?I, 1f\ ·� '.�_JY�¼ U:%{[.,._, � Dr I. Olsson

284 BUDGET FINANCIAL YEAR 1995/1996

INCOME

Approved Approved Forecast Draft Budget Budget Budget 1994-1995 1995-1996 1995-1996

DKK DKK DKK 1. National Contributions Belgium ...... 536,000 550,000 550,000 Canada ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Denmark ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Estonia ...... 0 275,000 275,000 Finland ...... 402,000 412,500 412,500 France ...... 1,072,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 Germany ...... 1,072,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 Iceland ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Ireland ...... 536,000 550,000 550,000 Latvia ...... 0 275,000 275,000 Netherlands ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Norway ...... 1,072,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 Poland ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Portugal ...... 536,000 550,000 550,000 Russia ...... 938,000 825,000 825,000 Spaip...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Sweden ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 United Kingdom ...... 1,072,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 USA ...... 804,000 825,000 825,000 Unspecifiedsource of income ...... 134,000 0 0 Total ...... 13,802,000 14,437,500 14,437,500

2. Interest...... 500,000 500,000 450,000 3. Sale of Publications ...... 150,000 150,000 200,000 4. Other Contributions ...... 3,685,100 3,781,400 3,781,400 5. MiscellaneousIncome ...... 21,000 5,000 1,128,000 6. Transferred from Capital Reserve Fund ...... 0 0 0 7. Latvia ...... 150,000 0 0 GRANDTOTAL ...... 18,308,100 18,873,900 19,996,900

285 Approved Approved Forecast Draft Budget Budget Budget 1994-1995 1995-1996 1995-1996 DKK DKK DKK EXPENDITURE

1. Incidentals for President and Chairmen ...... 55,800 55,800 55,800

2. Salaries ...... 11,374,844 11,941,350 12,216,447

3. Office Expenses ...... 1,970,800 1,911,000 2,272,188

4. EDP Expenses ...... 1,261,000 1,031,250 1,151,250

5. Expenses forC.M.1996, Reykjavik, Iceland ...... 460,000 600,000 600,000

6. Travel, Meetings, etc...... 1,854,000 1,954,000 2,118,000

7. Publications ...... 811,500 838,500 738,500

8. Pensions ...... 520,156 542,000 844,715

GRANDTOTAL .•.•...•..•..••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 18,308,100 18,873,900 19,996,900

286 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS HAVING OBSERVER STATUS AND CO-OPERATIVE RELATIONS WITH ICES

1 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) 2 Atlantic Salmon Trust 3 Arctic Ocean Science Board (AOSB) 4 Baltic Marine Biologists (BMB) 5 Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) 6 Comision Tecnica Mixta del Frente Maritimo 7 Commission forthe Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) 8 Commission Intemationale pour !'Exploration Scientifiquede la Mer Mediterranee (CIESM) 9 Commonwealth Scientificand IndustrialResearch Organization (CSIRO) (Australia) I O Danish Institute forFisheries Economics Research 11 European Commission 11. l Directorate-General forFisheries 11.2 Directorate-General forScience, Research and Development 11.3 Directorate-General for Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety 12 European Committee on Ocean and Polar Sciences (ECOPS) 13 European Environment Agency 14 European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) 15 European Aquaculture Society 16 European Association of Fisheries Economists 17 European Association forMarine Science and Technology 18 Fisheries Society of the British Isles 19 Institute forFisheries Research and Development (INIDEP) (Argentina) 20 InternationalArctic Science Committee (IASC) 21 International Association forBiological Oceanography(IABO) 22 InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 23 InternationalBaltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC) 24 InternationalCenter forLiving Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM) 25 International Commission forthe Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) 26 International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) 27 InternationalInstitute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (IIFET) 28 InternationalMaritime Organization (IMO) London Convention on Dumping 29 InternationalPacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) 30 InternationalUnion forthe Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) 31 InternationalWhaling Commission (IWC) 32 Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (New Zealand) Fisheries Marine Research

287 33 Nordic Council of Ministers 34 North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO) 35 North Atlant_ic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO) 36 North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) 37 North PacificAnadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) 38 North PacificMarine Science Organization (PICES) 39 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) 40 Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 41 Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) 42 ScientificCommittee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) 43 Sea Fisheries Research Institute (South Africa) 44 Statistical Officeof the European Communities (EUROSTAT) 45 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) 46 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 47 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) Fisheries Department 48 World Wide Fund forNature (WWF)

288 ACRONYMS APPEARING IN ICES ANNUAL REPORT

ACC Administrative Committee on Coordination forUN special agencies ACFM Advisory Committee on Fishery Management ACFR Advisory Committee on Fisheries Research (EC) ACME Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ADP Automatic Data Processing AIR Ago-industrial Research AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme ANACAT Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee AOSB Arctic Ocean Science Board ASC Annual Science Conference ASCOBANS Agreement on Small Cetaceans in the Baltic andNorth Seas ASFA Aquatic Sciences andFisheries Abstracts ASMO Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Committee (OSPARCOM) ATP Adenosine triphosphate AZTI-SIO Instituto de Investigacion y Technologia para la Oceanografia, Pesca y Alimentacion (Spain) BASYS Baltic Targeted Project BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BE Biological Effects BIOMAR Marine coastal zone management in the North EasternAtlantic BITS Baltic International Trawl Survey BMB Baltic Marine Biologists BMFD British Marine Fishes Database BMG Baltic Marine Geologists BMP Baltic Monitoring Programme of HELCOM BOC Biological Oceanography Committee BODC British Oceanographic Data Centre BTS Beam Trawl Surveys BWG Bureau Working Group BWR Bootstrap with replacement CB Chlorinated Biphenyl CBO Conference of Baltic Oceanographers CCAMLR Commission forthe Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCC Cod and Climate Change CD-ROM Compact Disc: Read-Only-Memory CFEWG Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group CFP Common Fisheries Policy CIESM Commission lntemationale pour !'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee CIL Cold Intermediate Layer CODAS Common Oceanographic Data Access System COFI Committee on Fisheries (FAO) COMBINE Cooperative Monitoring in the Baltic Marine Environment (HELCOM) CPR Continuous PlanktonRecorder CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) CRM CertifiedReference Material CTD Conductivity, Temperature and Depth CWP Coordinating Working Party on AtlanticFishery Statistics CZMP Coastal Zone Management Programme DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane LDDT Total DDTs DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada DG Directorate-General DKK Danish Kroner DHA Docosahexaenoic Acid DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

289 DOS Disk Operating System EAS European Aquaculture Society EC European Commission ECOPS European Committee on Ocean and Polar Sciences EEA European Environment Agency EIFAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission EA Enterprise allocation ENSO El NifioSouthern Oscillation EPA Eicosapentaenoic Acid EROD Ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase ESOP-11 European Subpolar Ocean Programme (phase 2) EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Communities EU European Union FAQ Food and Agriculture Organization(UN) FAST Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology (Working Group) FCC Fish Capture Committee FISHBASE Global biological data base on fish, crustaceans, and molluscs FISHSTAT Fishery Statistics FTFB Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (Working Group) FRCC Canadian Fisheries Resource Conservation Council GBP British pound (i.e. £ sterling) GESAMP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection GETADE Group of Experts on the Technical Aspects of Data Exchange GIS Geographical Information System GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Programme GMO Genetically Modified Organism GODAR Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (IOC) GOOS Global Ocean Observing System HAB Harmful Algal Blooms HABD Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics HCB Hexachlorobenzene HCH Hexachlorocyclohexane LHCH Total HCHs HEFCE Higher Education Funding Council HELCOM Helsinki Commission (Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission) HP Hewlett Packard HYC Hydrography Committee HYKAT Hydrodynamic Cavitation Tunnel IABO International Association for Biological Oceanography IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IASC InternationalArctic Science Committee IBSFC InternationalBaltic Sea Fishery Commission IBTS InternationalBottom Trawl Survey ICCAT InternationalCommission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICES International Council forthe Exploration of the Sea ICLARM International Center for Living Aquatic Resource Management ICNAF International Commission forthe Northwest Atlantic Fisheries ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IFAP ICES Fisheries Assessment Package IFREMER Institut Fran<;:ais de Recherche pour l' Exploration de la Mer (France) 1-GLOBEC International Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Programme IGBP International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme IIFET International Institute of Fisheries Economists and Trade IMO International Maritime Organization IMPACT Working Group on Impacts on the Marine Environment (OSPAR) INIDEP Instituto National de Investigacion y Desarollo Pesquero (Argentina) IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

290 IODE InternationalOceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IOC) IPHC InternationalPacific Halibut Commission IPIMAR Instituto Portuges de Investiga�li.o Maritima (Portugal) ISER Institute of Social and Economic Research (Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada) ITQ Individual transferablequota IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IWC International Whaling Commission JAMP Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme (OSPAR COM) JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (IGBP) JMAP Joint Monitoring and Assessment Programme JODC Japanese Oceanographic Data Centre KPMG KPMB C.Jespersen, State Authorized Public Accountants LPOC Last port of call LHPR Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder LME Large Marine Ecosystem LOICZ Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP) LOIS Land Ocean Interaction Study (UK) LPUE Landings Per Unit Effort MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (UK) MAST Marine Science and Technology (EC) MBAL Minimum Biologically Acceptable Level MCWG Marine Chemistry Working Group MDM Marine Data Management (WG) MEDPOL Monitoring and Research Programme of the Mediterranean Action Plan MEQC Marine Environmental Quality Committee MMC Marine Mammals Committee MOCNESS Multiple Opening Closing Net SamplingSystem MOD Meeting Organization and Documentation Group of ICES Secretariat MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSVPA Multispecies Virtual Population Analysis MULTSPEC Norwegian Multispecies Model NAC North American Commission (of NASCO) NAFO NorthwestAtlantic Fisheries Organization NAMMCO North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission NASCO North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization NATO-ASl WS NATO Advanced Studies Institute Workshop NEAFC North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission NERC Natural Environment Research Council· NGO Non-GovernmentalOrganization NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (USA) NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA) NODS Norwegian Oceanographic Data Centre NPAFC North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission NSA National Shellfisheries Association (USA) NSF National Science Foundation (USA) NUTS6 lntercomparison Exercise forNutrients in Sea Water (Sixth) oc Organochlorine ODC Oceanographic Data Centre OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ONR Office of Naval Research (USA) ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer (France) OSPARCOM Oslo and Paris Commissions PAR Polyaromatic hydrocarbon PC Personal Computer PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl LPCB Total PCBs PICES North PacificMarine Science Organization

291 PINRO Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (Russia) PPG Programme Planning Group PSU Practical Salinity Units QA Quality Assurance QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment QSR Quality Status Report QUASIMEME Quality Assurance Information for Marine Environmental Monitoring in Europe SAS Statistical Analysis System SCANS Integrated Survey of Small Cetacean Abundance in the North Sea SIME Concentrations, Inputs, and Effects of Substances in the Marine Environment SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research SCRAP Scientific Requirements and Policy Groups of ICES Secretariat SEFOS Shelf Edge Fisheries Oceanography Study SELMITRA Improved species and size selectivity of mid-water trawls SG Study Group SKAGEX Skagerrak Experiment (1990) SMHI Swedish Meterological and Hydrological Institute SOAFD Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries Department SPM suspended particulate matter STATLANT Statistical Programme for Atlantic Fisheries STCF Scientific and Technical Committee forFisheries (EC) TAC Total Allowable Catch TASC TransAtlantic Studies of Calallusfinmarchicus TIMES ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization USA United States of America USD United States Dollar VAT Value Added Tax VHS Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia VPA Virtual Population Analysis WAS World Aquaculture Society WDC-A World Data Centre-A WG Working Group WHO World Health Organization (UN) WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment WWF World Wide Fund forNature WWW World Wide Web XEU InternationalOrganisation forStandardisation's Code for the European Currency Unit XSA Extended Survival Analysis

292 PART II

COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL IN 1995/1996

OFFICIALS OF THE COUNCIL/ADMINISTRATEURS DU CONSEIL

President/President

M A. Maucorps IFREMER rue de l'Ile d'Yeu B.P. 1105 44311 Nantes Cedex 03 France

Chairman of Consultative Chairman of Advisory Committe Chairman of Advisory Committee Committee on Fishery Management/ on the Marine Environment/ Dr R.C.A. Bannister Mr E. Kirkegaard Dr K. Richardson MAFF, Fisheries Laboratory Danish Institute forFishery Research Danish Institute for Fishery Research Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT Charlottenlund Slot Charlottenlund Slot United Kingdom 2920 Charlottenlund 2920 Charlottenlund Denmark Denmark

DELEGATES/DELEGUES

BELGIUM/BELGIQUE DENMARK/DANEMARK FINLAND/FINLANDE

Dr R.De Clerck Mr N.A. Nielsen Prof. P. Malkki Station de Peche Maritime Danish Institute for Institute of Marine Research Ankerstraat 1 Fishery Research P.O. Box 33 8400 Ostende Charlottenlund Slot 00931 Helsinki Telephone: +32 593 20805 2920 Charlottenlund Telephone: 358 0613 941 Fax: +32 593 30629 Telephone: +45 33 963301 Fax: 358 0613 94494 Fax: +45 33 963333

DrW. Vyncke Mr M. Schou Prof.P. Tuunainen Station de Peche Maritime Ministry of Agriculture Finnish Game and Fisheries Ankerstraat 1 and Fisheries Research Institute 8400 Ostende Slotsholmsgade 10 Fisheries Division Telephone: +32 593 20805 1216 Copenhagen K P.O. Box 202 Fax: +32 593 30629 Telephone: +45 33 923723 00151 Helsinki Fax: +45 33 963903 Telephone: +358 022 8811 Fax: +358 063 1513

CANADA ESTONIA/ESTONIE FRANCE

Dr L.S. Parsons Dr A. Jarvik M M. Chaussepied Department of Fisheries & Oceans Estonian Fisheries Institute IFREMER, Centre de Brest 200 Kent Street Str. Lai 32 B.P. 70 Ottawa, ON KIA OE6 EE001 Tallinn 29280 Plouzane Telephone: + 1 613 993 0850 Telephone: +372 244 1198 Telephone: 33 98 224323 Fax: +1 613 954 2768 Fax: +372 231 3004 Fax: +33 98 224548

Dr M.M. Sinclair Dr E. Ojaveer MA. Forest Department of Fisheries & Oceans Estonian Fisheries Institute IFREMER BedfordInstitute of Oceanography Str. Lai 32 rue de !'lie d'Yeu P.O. Box 1006 EE001 Tallinn B.P. 1105 Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 Telephone: +372 244 1198 44311 Nantes Cedex 03 Telephone: +l 902 426 3130 Fax: +372 231 3004 Telephone: +33 40 374085 Fax: +33 40374075

295 GERMANY/ALLEMAGNE LATVIA/LETTONIE POLAND/POLOG NE

Prof. W. Nellen Mr N. Riekstins Dr T. Linkowski lnstitut fiir Hydrobiol�gy und Ministry of Maritime Affairs Sea Fisheries Institute Fischereiwissenschaft 63 Kr. Valdemara ul. Kollataja I Olbersweg 24 1142 Riga 81-322 Gdynia 22767 Hamburg Telephone: +371 132 334477 Telephone: +48 58 201728 Telephone: +49 404 1236600 Fax: +371 132 334892 Fax: +48 58 202831 Fax: +49 404 1236618

Prof. A. Post Mr M. Vitins Dr A.S. Majewicz Bundesforschungsanstaltfiir Fischerei Latvian Fisheries Research Inst. Ministry of Transportation and lnstitut fiir Seefischerei 6 Daugavgrivas Street Maritime Economy Palmaille 9 1007 Riga Department of Sea Fisheries 22767 Hamburg Telephone: +371 261 2409 4/6 Chalubinskiego Street Telephone: +49 40 38905168 Fax: +371 882 0080 00-928 Warsaw Fax: +49 40 38905263 Telephone: +48 22 300262 Fax: +48 22 300948

ICELAND/ISLANDE NETHERLANDS/PAYS-BAS PORTUGAL

Prof. J. Jakobsson Dr J.W.D.M. Henfling Dr G. Pestana Marine Research Institute Netherlands Institute for IPIMAR P.O. Box 1390 Fishery Investigations A venida de Brasilia Skulagata4 P.O. Box68 1400 Lisbon 121 Reykjavik 1970 AB Ijmuiden Telephone: +351 I 3016361 Telephone: +354 1 23148 Telephone: + 31 2550 64646 Fax: +351 1 3015948 Fax: +354 11 623790 Fax: +31 2550 64644

Mr J. Sigurj6nsson Mr P.H.A. Hoogweg Dr C. Sousa Reis

Marine Research Institute National Institute forCoastal IPIMAR -�----- P.O. Box 1390 and Marine Management/ RIKZ A venida de Brasilia Skulagata4 P.O. Box 20907 1400 Lisbon 121 Reykjavik 2500 EX The Hague Telephone: +351 I 3016361 Telephone: +354 1 20240 Telephone: +31 70 3 745117 Fax: +351 1 3015948 Fax: +354 1 623790 Fax: + 31 70 3282059

IRELAND/IRLANDE NORWAY/NORVEGE RUSSIA/RUSSIE

Mr J. Browne Prof. K. Olsen Dr A.A. Elizarov Department of the Marine The Norwegian College of Fishery Federal Research Institute of Fisheries Research Centre Science Fisheries and Oceanography Abbotstown University of Troms0 17 Verkhne Krasnoselskaya Dublin 15 P.O. Box 2550 Moscow 107140 Telephone: +353 I 8210111 9001 Troms0 Telephone: +7 095 2649387 Fax: +353 I 8205078 Telephone: +47 77 644000 Fax: +7 095 2649187 Fax: +47 77 646021

Mr D.de G. Griffith Mr R. Vaage Dr S.A. Studenetsky Department of the Marine Institute of Marine Research Federal Research Institute of Leeson Lane P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Fisheries and Oceanography Dublin 2 5024 Bergen 17 Verkhne Krasnoselskaya Telephone: +353 1 661 2723 Telephone: +47 55 238500 Moscow 107140 Fax: +353 I 661 3817 Fax: +47 55 238531 Telephone: +7 095 2649387 Fax: +7 095 2649187

296 SPAIN/ESPAGNE UNITED KINGDOM/ UNITED STA TES OF ROY AUME-UNI AMERICA/ETATS-UNIS

Mr 0. Cendrero Prof. J.G. Pope Dr M. Reeve Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia MAFF, Fisheries Laboratory National Science Foundation Laboratorio de santander Lowestoft, SuffolkNR 33 OHT Division of Ocean Sciences Apdo 240 Telephone +44 502 562244 Room 725 39080 Santander Fax:+44 502 513865 4201 Wilson Boulevard Telephone:+34 42 275033 Arlington VA22230 Fax:+34 42 275072 Telephone:+ 1 703 3061582 Fax:+ 1 703 3060390

Mr R. Robles Dr P .A.M. Stewart Dr M.P. Sissenwine Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia SOAEFD, Marine Laboratory NMFS/NOAA Avenida Brasil 31 P.O. Box101 , Victoria Road 1335 East-West Highway 29020 Madrid Aberdeen AB9 8DB Silver Spring, MD 20910 Telephone:+34 15 970840 Telephone:+44 224 876544 Telephone:+l 301 713 2239 Fax:+34 15 973770 Fax: +44 295511 Fax:+l 301 713 2258

SWEDEN/SUEDE

Dr I. Olsson Fiskeriverket Box423 401 26 Gothenburg Telephone:+46 31 630313 Fax: +46 31 156577

Prof. J. Thulin Institute of Marine Research Box4 453 21 Lysekil Telephone:+46 52 314180 Fax:+46 52 313977

297 BUREAU OF THE COUNCIL/BUREAU DU CONSEIL

President/President

M A. Maucorps

First Vice-President/PremierVice-President

Dr L.S. Parsons

Vice PresidentsNice Presidents

Prof.P. Malkki Prof. J.G. Pope Dr I. Olsson MrR. Robles

DrM.P. Sissenwine

FINANCE COMMITTEE/COMITE DES FINANCES

Mr P.H.A. Hoogweg, Chairman/President

DrR. DeClerck Mr N.A. Nielsen DrA.A. Elizarov Prof. A. Post

PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE/COMITE DES PUBLICATIONS

Dr M.P. Sissenwine, Chairman/President

Chairman ofConsultative Committee/ DrR.C.A. Bannister President duComite Consulatif

Editor of ICES Journalof Marine Science Prof. J.H.S. Blaxter Redacteur du Journaldu Conseil

Dr 0. Astthorsson Prof. P.R. Boyle DrK.G. Foote

CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE/COMITE CONSULTATIF

Dr R.C.A. Bannister, Chairman/President

MrE. Aro Mr E. Kirkegaard Mr F .A. van Beek MrH. Loeng DrH. Benke Dr Dr P. Matthiesson DrR.H. Cook Dr K. Richardson DrR.M. Cook DrH.Rumohr Dr K. Friedland Dr R. Stephenson DrM. Heral Dr P.A.M. Stewart

298 EDITORS OF COUNCIL PUBLICATIONS/REDACTEURS DES PUBLICATIONS DU CONSEIL

ICES Fisheries Statistics...... Fishery Secretary/Ad­ ministrateurde la Peche

ICES Cooperative Research Reports...... General Secretary/ Secretaire General

ICES IdentificationLeaflets for Plankton...... Dr J.A. Lindley

ICES IdentificationLeaflets for Diseases and Parasites of Fish and Shellfish...... Dr G. Olivier

ICES OceanographicData Lists and Inventories...... Oceanography Secre­ tary/Administrateur de l'Oceanographie

ICES Journal of Marine Science...... Prof. J.H.S. Blaxter MrJ. Ramster Mr S.J. Smith

ICES Marine ScienceSymposia ...... Editor specially appointed foreach volume/un redacteur est specialement designe pour chaque volume ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences...... Environment Secretary/ Administrateur de !'En­ vironnement

299 SECRETARIATOF THE COUNCIL/SECRETARIAT DU CONSEIL

General Secretary/Secretaire General Prof. Christopher C.E. Hopkins

ScientificRequirements and Environment Secretary/Administrateur de Ms Melodie Karlson Policy/Demandes Scientifiqueset l'Environnement Mr Jan Rene Larsen Ligne de Conduite Dr JanetF. Pawlak Ms MarilynnS0rensen

Fishery Secretary/Administrateur de la Ms Eleanor Christiansen Peche Mr Leif Pedersen Dr Roger S. Bailey Mr Henrik Sparholt Ms Maria Zarecki Oceanography Secretary/Administrateur de l'Oceanographie Mr Garry Hopwood Dr Harry D. Dooley Ms Else Juul Nielsen Ms Susanne Reimert

Finance and OfficeAdministra­ Ms Jytte Andersen-Rosenda! tion/Finances et Administration Ms Inger Liitzlwft

Meeting Organization and Docu­ Ms Gore! W. Kjeldsen Ms Diane Lindemann mentation/Organisation des Ms Karin Bundgaard Ms Margaret Moody Reunions et Documentation Mr Henrik Larsen Ms Gillian Post Ms Claire Welling Computer Management and Mr Wim Panhorst Operation/Gestion et Exploi­ Ms Eva Lindblom tation lnformatique

Publications Ms Judith Rosenmeier

Library and InformationSer­ Mr Edgar M. Thomasson vices/Bibliotheque et Service Ms Michala Ovens d'lnformation

Printing Services/Service d'lmp­ Mr IngolfBache rimerie Mr S0ren Lund

Custodians/Gardiens Mrs MargitWinther Andersen Mr Helge Grandt Larsen

300 ADVISORY AND SUBJECT/AREA COMMITTEES

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON FISHERY MANAGEMENT/ COMITE D' AVIS SUR LA GESTION DES PECHES

Chairman/President Mr E. Kirkegaard

Chairman of Demersal Fish Committee/ Mr F.A. vanBeek President du Comite des Poissons de Fond

Chairman of Pelagic Fish Committee/ DrR.L. Stepehenson President du Comite des Poissons Pelagiques

Chairman ofBaltic Fish Committee/ Mr E. Aro President du Comite des Poissons de la Baltique

Country Member Alternate

Belgium DrR. De Clerck MrW. Vanhee

Canada Mr J.J. Maguire MrJ. Beckett

Denmark Mr P. Degnbol Mr H. Lassen

Estonia DrA. Jiirvik Dr E. Ojaveer

Finland Mr E. Ikonen MrR. Parmanne

France MB. Mesnil MA. Forest

Germany Mr H.-P. Comus Dr O. Rechlin -- ---"---·-

Iceland Dr G. Stefansson Dr S.A. Schopka

Ireland MrJ. Browne Mr J. Molloy ---

Latvia MrM. Vitinsh MrM. Pliksh

Netherlands Dr N. Daan Dr H.J.L. Heessen

Norway MrA. Aglen Mr A. Dommasnes

Poland Dr J. Netzel Dr J. Horbowy

Portugal Dr C. SousaReis Dr G. Pestana

Russia Dr Y. Efimov Dr V.N. Shleinik

Spain Mr F .J. Pereiro Ms C. Porteiro

Sweden Mr B. Sjostrand MrJ. Modin

United Kingdom DrR.M. Cook DrJ. W. Horwood

United States ofAmerica MrR. Mayo Dr W. Gabriel

303 ADVISORY COMM:ITTEE ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT/ COMITE D'AVIS SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT MARIN

Chairman/President Dr K. Richardson

Chairman ofMarine Environmental Quality Committee/President du Dr P. Matthiessen Comite de la Qualite de l' EnvironnementMarin

Chairman of Biological Oceanography Committee/ DrH.Rumohr President du Comite de l'Oceanographie Biologique

Chairman ofHydrography Committee/President du Mr H. Loeng ComiteHydrographique

Chairman ofMariculture Committee/President du DrR.H. Cook Comite de laMariculture

Chairman of Shellfish Committee/President du MM. Heral Comite desMollusques et Crustaces

Country Member Alternate

Belgium Dr C. Coreman Mr P. Rose Canada Dr J. Piuze Dr J.M. Bewers Denmark Mr H. Gislason MsM. Reuss Estonia Dr E. Ojaveer Dr U. Suursaar Finland Dr K. Kononen Prof. M. Perttila France Dr P. Gentien MY. Monbet Germany Dr T. Lang Dr V. Dethlefsen Iceland Mr J. Olafsson Ireland Ms J. Doyle Mr E. Dixon Latvia DrA. Yurkovska DrA. Andrushaitis Netherlands DrA. Opperhuizen Prof. W.J. Wolff Norway MrH.R. Skjoldal Mr T. Bakke Poland Dr E. Andrulewicz Mr J. Warzocha Portugal Dr C. Lima Mr C. Vale Russia Dr S.A. Patin Dr V. Sapozhnikov Spain DrA. Rodriguez de Leon Ms B. Reguera Sweden Mr K. Grip Mr S. Carlberg United Kingdom Dr J.A. Campbell Dr G. Topping United States ofAmerica Dr J. Cross Dr H. Windom

304 FISH CAPTURE COMMITTEE/ COMITE POUR LA CAPTURE DES ANIMAUX MARINS

Belgium Mr R. Fonteyne Netherlands: Mr B. van Marlen Mr H. Polet Mr F.A. Veenstra Canada: Mr Y. Simard Norway: Mr A. Bjordal Mr S. Walsh Mr E. Ona Denmark: Mr H. Gislason Poland: Dr W. Moderhak Mr D. Wileman Dr A. Orlowski Estonia: Dr A. Jarvik Portugal: Dr C. AfonsoDias

Finland: Mr P. Suuronen Russia: DrE.A. Karpenko Ms A.L. Toivonen France: MN. Diner Spain: Mr F.J. Pereiro MG. Massart Mr P. Carrera Germany: DrE.Dahm Sweden: Mr M. Ulmestrand Mr K. Lange Iceland: Mr P. Reynisson UK: DrG.P. Arnold Mr G. Thorsteinsson Dr P.A.M. Stewart, Chairman Ireland: Dr J.P. Hillis USA: Dr D.V. Holliday Dr J. Traynor

HYDROGRAPHY COMMITTEE/COMITE HYDROGRAPHIQUE

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Latvia: Mr V. Berzinsh DrG. Pichot Mr M. Kelejs ---�·-- -- Canada: Mr D. Lefaivre Netherlands: Dr H.M. van Aken Mr C.K. Ross Dr. W. van Leussen Denmark: DrE. Buch Norway: Mr H. Loeng, Chairman Mr B. Hansen Prof. M. Mork Estonia: Mr J. Elken Poland: Dr J. Piechura Mr J. Laanements Finland: Mr P. Alenius Portugal: Cdr F. Coelho Dr J. Launiainen Mr C. AfonsoDias France: Mme C. Maillard Russia: Dr S. Rodinov Mr C. Roy Germany: Dr W. Matthaus Spain: Mr J.M. Cabanas Prof. J. Meineke Ms A. Lavin Iceland: Dr S.A. Malmberg Sweden: Mr H. Dahlin Dr U. Stefansson Ireland: Dr T. McMahon UK: Dr R.R.Dickson Prof. M. Orren Mr W. Turrell USA: Dr D.G. Mountain Prof. T. Osborn

305 STATISTICS COMMITTEE/COMITE DES STATISTIQUES

Belgium: Netherlands: DrW. Dekker Dr F. Storbeck Canada: Dr J.M. Hoenig Norway: Ms G.A.uhnle Mr S.J. Smith Mr K. Sunnana Denmark: Mr F. Hansen Poland: DrB. Draganik Mr H. Lassen Dr J. Horbowy Estonia: Mr U. Lips Portugal: Dr G. Pestana Mr J. Rainha Finland: Mr A. Ahvonen Russia: Dr N. V. Y anovskaya Mr S. Kuikka France: MB. Mesnil Spain: M A. Fernandez M C. de Verdelhan Mr F.J. Pereiro Germany: Mr H.P. Comus Sweden: Mr K. Norstrom Mr R. Oeberst Mr L.E. Palmen Iceland: Dr G. Stefansson UK: Dr R.M. Cook, Chairman MrB. Steinarsson Prof. J.G. Pope Ireland: Dr P. Connolly USA: Dr M. Fogarty Dr D. O'Maoiledigh Dr W. Gabriel Latvia: Dr E. Pludonis

MARINE ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY COMMITTEE/

COMITE DE LA QUALITE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT MARIN -�---�

Belgium: Dr G. Pichot Netherlands: Dr J. Everaarts DrW. Vyncke Dr S.J. de Groot Canada: Dr J.M.Bewers Norway: Mr A.T. Andersen Dr J.F. Payne Mr L. Feyn Denmark: Mr O. Vagn Olsen Poland: Dr E. Androlewicz Ms M. Reuss Dr J. W arzocha Estonia: Mr H. Jankowski Portugal: Mr J.A. Biscaya Dr C. Lima Finland: Dr P. Tulkki Russia: Dr V. Sapozhnikov

France: M M. Chaussepied Spain: Mr D. de Armas Dr A. Rodriguez de Leon Germany: DrT. Lang Sweden: Mr S. Carlberg Dr N.Theobald Mr S. Evans Iceland: Dr J. Olafsson UK: Dr J.M. Davies Dr P. Matthiessen, Chairman

Ireland: Ms J. Doyle USA: Dr H. Windom Dr M. O'Sullivan Dr V. Zdanowicz Latvia: Dr A. Yurkowskis

306 MARICULTURE COMMITTEE/COMITE DE LA MARICULTURE

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Netherlands: Dr R. Dijkema Dr P. Sorgeloos Dr M. Ponds Canada: Dr R.H. Cook, Chairman Norway: Mr J.C. Holm Dr T. Sephton Ms E. Kj0rsvik Denmark: Ms G. Andorsd6ttir Poland: Mr K. Goryczko Ms J. St0ttrup MrW. Pelczarski Estonia: Mr M. Kangur Portugal: Mr J.R. Menezes Mr F. Ruano Finland: Mr T. Makinen Russia: Dr I. Burtsev Mr K. Ruohonen France: M H. Grizel Spain: Mr A. Amal MY. Harache Dr J. Iglesias Germany: Ms M. Bleil Sweden: Prof. H. Ackefors Prof. H. Rosenthal Dr P.0. Larsson Iceland: Dr B. Bjomsson UK: Dr A.LS. Munro Mr A. lsaksson Dr J.Wickins

Ireland: Ms J. Doyle USA: Dr A. Calabrese Dr D. Jackson Dr P. Taylor Latvia: Dr A. Mitans

DEMERSAL FISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES POISSONS DE FOND

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Netherlands: Mr F. van Beek, Chairman Dr H.J.L. Heessen Canada: Dr D .B. Atkinson Norway: Mr J.E. Eliassen Mr R. O'Boyle Mr T. Jakobsen Denmark: Mr P. Degnbol Poland Dr B. Draganik Mr H. Gislason Mr K. Radtke Estonia: Dr E. Ojaveer Portugal: Ms F. Cardador Mr M. Lima Dias Finland: Mr E. Aro Russia: Dr V. Borisov Mr F. Halling France: MA. Forest Spain: Ms P. Pereda Mme C. Mellon-Duval Mr F .J. Pereiro Germany: Dr A. Temming Sweden: Dr P.0. Larsson DrW. Weber Mr J. Modin Iceland: Dr J. Magnusson UK: Mr P.A. Kunzlik Dr S.A. Schopka Mr C.T. Macer

Ireland Dr P. Connolly USA: Dr S. Murawski Dr E. Fahy Prof. B. Rothschild

307 PELAGIC FISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES POISSONS PELAGIQUES

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Netherlands: Mr A. Eltink

Canada: Dr B. Nakashima Norway: Mr S. Iversen Dr R. Stephenson, Chair- Mr I. Rettingen man Denmark: Mr H. f Jakupsstovu Poland: Dr W. Grygiel Mr E. Kirkegaard Estonia: Dr T. Raid Portugal: Dr F. Borges Dr G. Pestana Finland: Mr R. Parmanne Russia: Dr A. Grechina Mr J. Ponni Dr V.N. Shleinik France: MJ. Masse Spain: Mr P. Abaunza MY. Verin Ms C. Porteiro Germany: Dr C. Hammer Sweden: Mr B. Sjostrand Prof. D. Schnack Iceland: Prof. J. Jakobsson UK: Mr J.H. Nichols Mr H. Vilhjalmsson Dr K.R. Patterson

Ireland: Dr N. O'Maoiledigh USA: Dr E. Anderson MrJ. Molloy Prof. E. Houde Latvia: Mr G. Kornilovs

BALTIC FISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES POISSONS DE LA BALTIQUE

Denmark: Dr 0. Bagge Netherlands: Dr. N. Daan Mr S. Munch-Petersen Estonia: Dr E. Ojaveer Poland: Dr B. Draganik Dr T. Raid Dr T. Linkowski Finland: Mr E. Aro, Chairman Russia: Dr E. Malkin Mr R. Parmanne Germany: Dr P. Ernst Sweden: MrJ. Modin Dr O. Rechlin Mr B. Sjostrand Latvia: Mr M. Pliksh USA: Dr F. Serchuk Mr M. Vitins

308 SHELLFISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES MOLLUSQUES ET CRUSTACES

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Norway: Mr E.M. Nilssen Dr F. Redant Mr S. Tveite Canada: Dr G. Conan Poland: Mr L. Savard Denmark: Mr D.M. Carlsson Portugal: Dr M.J. de Figueiredo Mr S. Munch-Petersen Dr C. Sousa Reis France: Dr M. Heral, Chairman Russia: Dr B.J. Ivanov Mr D. Latrouite Germany: Dr Th. Neudecker Spain: Mr A.C. Farina Dr U.Piatkowski Mr A. Perez-Camacho Iceland: Mr H. Eiriksson Sweden: Mr H. Hallback Ms U. Skulad6ttir Mr M. Ulmestrand Ireland: Dr J.P. Hillis UK: Dr N. Bailey Dr D. Minchin Netherlands: Dr R. Boddeke USA: DrP. Rago Dr R. Dijkema Dr J. Weinberg

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY COMMITTEE/ COMITE DE L'OCEANOGRAPHIEBIOLOGIQUE

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Netherlands: Mr A. Rijnsdorp Dr C. Heip DrP .A.J. Wilde ��- - Canada: Dr M.M. Sinclair Norway: MrP. Fossum Dr J.C. Therriault Prof K. Tande Denmark: MrP. Munk Poland: Dr T. Linkowski Dr K. Richardson Mr J. Warzocha Estonia: Mr H. Kukk Portugal: Ms M.E. Cunha Mr G. Martin MrP. Re Finland: Dr J. Kuparinen Russia: Dr V. Krylov Prof. A. Niemi France: MP. Nival Spain: Dr E. Lopez-Jamar Mr M. Varela Germany: Prof. J. Lenz Sweden: Dr L. Edler Dr H. Rumohr, Chairman Dr L. Hernroth Iceland: Dr O. Astthorsson UK: Dr K. Brander Ms Th. Thordard6ttir Dr M.R. Heath Ireland: Dr T. McMahon USA: Dr G. Lough Prof. M. Orren Dr M. Reeve Latvia: Dr A. Andrushaitis

309 ANADROMOUS AND CATADROMOUS FISH COMMITTEE/ COMITE DES POISSONS ANADROMES ET CATADROMES

Belgium: Dr R. De Clerck Netherlands: Dr W. G. Cazemier Dr W. Dekker Canada: Mr D.G. Reddin Norway: Ms M. Holm Dr J. Ritter Dr B. Jonsson Denmark: Mr H. f Jakupsstovu Poland: Dr R. Bartel Mr G. Rasmussen Estonia: MrM.Kangur Portugal: MsM.J. Costa Ms M.A. Ramos Finland: Mr E. Ikonen Russia: Dr E. Bakshtansky Mr A. Romakkaniemi France: MG. Euzenat Spain: Dr J.A.Sanchez M P. Prouzet Germany: Ms E. Hahlbeck Sweden: Mr L.Karlsson Prof. W. Nellen Dr 6. Karlstrom Iceland: Mr E. Gudj6nsson UK: Mr E.C.E. Potter Mr A. lsaksson Dr R.J.G. Shelton Ireland: Mr J. Browne USA: Dr K. Friedland, Chairman Dr K. Whelan Dr J. L. Ludke

Latvia: Mr J. Bizarks Dr A. Mitans

MARINE MAMMALS COMMITTEE/COMITE DES MAMMIFERES MARINS

Belgium: Prof. J. Joiris Netherlands: Dr P.H.J. Reijnders Mr H.J.L. Heessen Canada: Dr W.D. Bowen Norway: Dr A. Bj0rge Dr G. Stenson Mr T. Haug Denmark: Dr D. Bloch Poland:. Dr A.Skora Mr P.O.Kapel Dr B. Draganik Finland: Dr E. Helle Portugal: Ms A.M. lfiaco Mr O. Stenman France: Ms A. Collett Russia: Dr LA. Popov ME. Hussenot Germany: Dr H. Benke, Chairman Spain: Mr O. Cendrero DrK.H.Kock Mr S. Lens Iceland: MsS. Einarsson Sweden: Mr T. Harkonen Mr J. Sigurj6nsson DrM. Olsson Ireland: Dr R. Harrington UK: Dr J. Harwood Dr P. Thompson Latvia: USA: Dr R. Miller Mr G. Waring

310 ORGANISATIONAL OVERVIEW OF ICES COMMITTEES AND THEIR SUBSIDIARY GROUPS

The following is a list of the ICES Consultative, two Advisory, and twelve Subject/Area Committees together with the Working, Study, Planning, Steering, and other Groups and Workshops in existence in 1995/1996 which are the principal responsibility of each of these Committees. Some Working/Study Groups have relationships with or are "sponsored" by one or more Committees in addition to the one indicated below as their "parent". Also included (in brackets) are the approved acronyms for the various Committees and Groups.

This hierarchical listing has been prepared to illustrate the relationship between the various Committees and Groups and the general lines of responsibility, and is intended to be a general-purpose, informative guide.

Consultative Committee (CONC) Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon (WGNAS) Study Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep­ Programme Planning Group (PPG) Sea Fisheries Resources (SGDEEP) ICES/GLOBEC Working Group on Cod and Climate Study Group on the Assessment of Other Fish and Change (WGCCC) Shellfish Species (SGASSO) ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Regional Co-ordination Group (GLOBEC) Advisory Committee on the Marine Second ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing Workshop (WKBFAC) Environment (ACME) ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Database Workshop (WKCCD) Marine Chemistry Working Group (MCWG) Working Group on Biological Effects of Contaminants Study Group on Long Finned Pilot Whales (SGLFPW) (WGBEC) Ad Hoe Group on the Production of ICES Working Working Group on Environmental Assessment and Group Reports (AGREPS) Monitoring Strategies ((WGEAMS) Ad hoe Group of Database/GIS Practitioners (AGDATA) Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Advisory Committee on Fishery Pollution (WGMS) Management (ACFM) Workshop on Estuarine Behaviour of Trace Metals (WKETM) Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG) Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries Working Joint ACFM/ACME Group (WGNPBW) Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing (WGBAST) Activities (WGECO) Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group (WGCOMP) Fish Capture Committee (FCC) Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South 62°N (HAWG) of Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics Science and ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harp and Hooded Seals (WGHARP) Technology (WGFAST) Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Multispecies Assessment Working Group (MAWG) Behaviour (WGFTFB) North-WesternWorking Group (NWWG) Study Group on Grid (Grate) Sorting Systems in Pandalus Assessment Working Group (WGPAND) Trawls, Beam Trawls and Seine Nets (SGGRID) Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group (WGBFAS) Study Group on the Use of Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment (SGSEL) Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal Stocks (WGNSSK) Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality in Fisheries in the North Sea and Skagerrak (SGUMF) Working Group on the Assessment of Mackerel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine, and Anchovy (WGMHSA) Working Group on the Assessment of Northern Shelf Hydrography Committee (HYC) Demersal Stocks (WGNSDS) Working Group on Marine Data Management Working Group on the Assessment of Southern Shelf (WGMDM) Demersal Stocks (WGSSDS) Working Group on Methods of Fish Stock Assessment Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography (WGOH) (WGMETH) Working Group on Shelf Seas Oceanography (WGSSO) Working Group on Nephrops Stocks (WGNEPH)

311 Statistics Committee (ST AC) International Bottom Trawl Survey Working Group (with Demersal Fish) (IBTSWG) Statistics Committee Liaison Working Group Planning Group for Herring Surveys (with Baltic Fish) (WGSTAL) (PGHERS) Working Group on Statistical Aspects of Environmental Study Group on the Management Performance of Monitoring (WGSAEM) Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) Systems (with ACFM, Pelagic Fish, Demersal Fish and Baltic Marine Environmental Quality Committee Fish) (SGITQS), ( QC) ME Baltic Fish Committee (BLFC) Working Group on the Baltic Marine Environment (WGBME) Baltic International Fisheries Survey Working Group (WGBIFS) Working Group on the Effects of Extraction of Marine Sediments on the Marine Ecosystem (WGEXT) Study Group on Baltic Cod Age-Reading (SGBCAR) ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance Study Group on Multispecies Model Implementation in (SGMMIB) of Chemical Measurements in the Baltic Sea the Baltic (SGQAC) ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance Shellfish Committee (SFC) of Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea (SGQAB) Working Group on Cephalopod Fisheries and Life ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance of History (WGCEPH) Pelagic Biological Measurements in the Baltic Sea Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and Life History (WGQAP) (WGCRAN) ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance and Study Group on the Biology and Life History of Majid Intercomparison of Benthos Measurement Methods in Crabs (SGCRAB) the Baltic Sea (WKQAB) Study Group on Life Histories of Nephrops (SGNEPH) Steering Group for the Coordination of the Baseline Workshop on Shellfish Bivalve Cultivation: Growth, Study of Contaminants in Baltic Sea Sediments Modelling and Impact on the Ecosystem (WKSHBC) (SGBSC) Biological Oceanography Committee (BOC) Mariculture Committee (MARC) Benthos Ecology Working Group (BEWG) Working Group on Environmental Interactions of Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecology (WGPE) Mariculture (WGEIM) Working Group on Recruitment Processes (WGRP) Working Group on the Application of Genetics in Working Group on Seabird Ecology (WGSE) Fisheries and Mariculture (WGAGFM) Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology (WGZE) Working Group on Marine Fish Culture (WGMAFC) ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Dynamics (with Hydrography Committee) Organisms (WGDPMO) (WGHABD) Sub-Group on Statistical Analysis of Fish Disease Data Study Group on Gulf III Sampler Efficiency in Marine Fish Stocks (SGFDDS) Calibrations (SGGULF) Ad Hoe Meeting on "The Use of Liver Pathology of Workshop on "Development of in situ growth rate Flatfish for Monitoring Biological Effects of measurements for dinoflagellates (WKDINO) Contaminants" (AMLIPA) Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Demersal Fish Committee (DFC) Committee (ANACAT)

Study Group on Beam Trawl Surveys (SGBEAM) EIFAC/ICES Working Group on Eels (WGEEL) Study Group on Elasmobranch Fishes (SGEF) Study Group on Stock Identification Protocols for Ad Hoe Meeting of the Coordinators of the 1991 Finfish and Shellfish Stocks (SGIPPS) Stomach Sampling Database (AMSTOM) Workshop on the Interactions Between Salmon Lice and ICES/NAFO Workshop on Greenland Halibut Age Salmonids (WKSLAS) Reading (WKGHAR) Workshop on Age Reading of Sebastes spp.(WKARSS) Marine Mammals Committee (MMC)

Pelagic Fish Committee (PFC) Study Group on Seals and Small Cetaceans in European Seas (SGSEAL) Working Group on Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg Surveys (WGMEGS)

312 DIRECTORY OF ICES COMMITTEES AND SUBSIDIARY GROUPS

Name Council Resolution Chairman number/page page

Consultative Committee

Programme Planning Group ...... 2:6/ 228 316 ICES/GLOBEC Working Group on Cod and Climate Change ...... 2:7/ 229 316 ICES/GLOBEC North Atlantic Regional Co-ordination Group ...... 2:8/ 229 316 Ad Hoe Group of Database/GIS Practioners ...... 2:9/ 230 317 Ad Hoe Group on the Production of ICES Working Group Reports ...... 2:10/ 230 316 Second ICES/GLOBEC Backward-Facing Workshop ...... 2:11/ 230 316 ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Database Workshop ...... 2:12/ 231 316

Advisory Committee on Fishery Management

Arctic Fisheries Working Group ...... 2:13:2/ 232 317 NorthernPelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries Working Group ...... 2:13:3/ 232 317 Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment WorkingGroup ...... 2:13:4/ 233 317 Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South of 62°N ...... 2:13:5/ 234 317 North-WesternWorking Group ...... 2:13:6/ 234 318 Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group ...... 2:13:7/ 234 318 Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal Stocks inthe North Sea and Skagerrak ...... 2:13:8/ 235 318 Working Group on the Assessment of Mackerel, Horse Mackerel, Sardine, andAnchovy ...... 2:13:9/ 236 318 Working Group on the Assessment of NorthernShelf Demersal Stocks ...... 2:13:10/236 318 Working Group on the Assessment of SouthernShelf Demersal Stocks ...... 2:13:11/236 318 Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon ...... 2:13: 12/237 319 ---�-- Study Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources ...... 2:13:13/237 319 Comprehensive Fishery Evaluation Working Group ...... 2:13:14/237 317 Joint ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harp and Hooded Seals ...... 2:13:15/238 317 Multispecies Assessment Working Group ...... 2: 13: 16/238 317 PandalusAssessment Working Group ...... 2:13: 17/238 318 Study Group on the Assessment of Other Fish and Shellfish Species ...... 2: 13: 18/238 319

Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment

Marine Chemistry Working Group ...... 2:14:2/239 319 Working Group on Marine Sediments in Relation to Pollution ...... 2:14:3/240 319 Working Group on Biological Effects of Contaminants ...... 2:14:4/240 319 Working Group on Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Strategies ...... 2:14:6/241 319 Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms ...... 2:14:8/242 319 Workshop on Estuarine Behaviour of Trace Metals ...... 2:14: 10/243 320

Joint ACFM/ACME

Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities ...... 2:14:9/242 320

313 Name Council Resolution Chairman nwnber/page page

Fish Capture Committee

Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology ...... 2:15/ 243 320 Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour...... 2:16/ 243 320 Study Group on Grid (Grate) Sorting Systems in Trawls, Beam Trawls and Seine Nets ...... 2:17/ 243 320 Study Group on the Use of Selectivity Measurements in Stock Assessment .... . 2:18/ 244 320 Study Group on Unaccounted Mortality in Fisheries ...... 2:19/ 244 320

Hydrography Committee

Working Group on Marine Data Management ...... 2:20/ 244 321 Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography ...... 2:21/ 244 321 Working Group on Shelf Seas Oceanography ...... 2:22/ 245 321 ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics (with Biological Oceanography Committee) ...... 2:52/ 253 321

Statistics Committee

Working Group on Statistical Aspects of Environmental Monitoring...... 2:23/ 245 321 Statistics Committee Liaison Working Group ...... 2:24/ 245 321

Marine Environmental Quality Committee

Working Group on the Baltic Marine Environment ...... 2:25/ 246 321 Working Group on the Effects of Extraction of Marine Sediments

on the Marine Ecosystem ...... 2:26/ 246 322 --- - Steering Group for the Coordination of the Baseline Study of Contaminants in Baltic Sea Sediments ...... 2:27/ 246 322 ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance of Chemical Measure- ments in the Baltic Sea ...... 3:1/ 256 322 ICES/HELCOM Steering Group on Quality Assurance of Biological Measure- ments in the Baltic Sea ...... 3:1/ 256 322 ICES/HELCOM Workshop on Quality Assurance of Pelagic Biological Mea- surements in the Baltic Sea ...... 3:1/ 256 322

Mariculture Committee

Working Group on the Application of Genetics in Fisheries and Mariculture.. . 2:28/ 247 323 Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms...... 2:29/ 247 323 Sub-Group on Statistical Analysis of Fish Disease Data in Marine Fish Stocks ...... 2:30/ 248 323 Special Meeting on the Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfish for Monitoring Biological Effectsof Contaminants ...... 2:31/ 248 323 Working Group on Marine Fish Culture ...... 2:32/ 248 323 Working Group on Environmental Interactions of Mariculture ...... 2:33/ 248 322

Demersal Fish Committee

Study Group on Elasmobranch Fishes ...... 2:34/ 249 323 Study Group on Beam Trawl Surveys ...... 2:35/ 249 323 Meeting of the Coordinators of the 1991 Stomach Sampling Database ...... 2:36/ 249 323 Joint ICES/NAFO Workshop on Greenland Halibut Age Reading ...... 2:37/ 249 324

314 Name Council Resolution Chairman number/page page

Pelagic Fish Committee

Working Group on Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg Surveys...... 2:38/ 250 324 Study Group on the Management Performanceof Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) Systems (with ACFM, Pelagic Fish, Demersal Fish and Baltic Fish)...... 2:39/ 250 324 Planning Group forHerring Surveys (withBaltic Fish)...... 2:40/ 250 324

Baltic Fish Committee

Baltic International Fisheries Survey Working Group...... 2:41/ 250 324 Study Group on Baltic Cod Age-Reading ...... 2:42/ 251 324 Study Group on Multispecies Model Implementation in the Baltic...... 2:43/ 251 325

Shellfish Committee

Working Group on Cephalopod Fisheries and LifeHistory ...... 2:44/ 251 325 Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and LifeHistory ...... 2:45/ 251 325 Study Group on LifeHistories of Nephrops ...... 2:46/ 252 325 Workshop on ShellfishBivalve Cultivation: Growth, Modelling and Impact on theEcosystem ...... 2:47/ 252 325

Biological Oceanography Committee

Working Group on Phytoplankton Ecology ...... 2:48/ 252 325 BenthosEcology Working Group...... 2:49/ 253 325 -�------Working Group on Seabird Ecology ...... 2:50/ 253 326 Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology ...... 2:51/ 253 326 Working Group on Recruitment Processes ...... 2:53/ 254 326 Study Group on Gulf III Sampler Efficiency Calibrations ...... 2:54/ 254 326 Workshop on the In SituGrowth Rate Measurements for Dinoflagellates ...... 2:55/ 254 326

Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee

Joint EIFAC/ICES Working Group on Eel ...... 2:56/ 255 326 Workshop on theInteractions Between Salmon Lice and Salmonids ...... 2:57/ 255 326

Marine Mammals Committee

Study Group on Seals and Small Cetaceans in European Seas...... 2:58/ 255 327

315 ICES COMMITTEES AND SUBSIDIARY GROUPS/ COMITES ET GROUPES SUBSIDIAIRES DU CIEM

The Membership Lists for the following Study/Working Groups, Workshops and other Groups are not provided here, but are available on request from the ICES Secretariat, the National Delegates to ICES (an overview of their names and addresses is provided on pp 295-297) or from the Chairmen themselves.

CONSULTATIVECOMMITTEE/CO MITE CONSULTATIF

PROGRAMMEPLANNING GROUP/ GROUPE DE PLANIFICATION DES PROGRAMMES

Dr R.C.A. Bannister (UK), Chairman

ICES/GLOBEC WORKING GROUP ON COD AND CLIMATE CHANGE GROUPE DETRAVAIL CIEM/GLOBEC SUR LA MORUE ET LES CHANGEMENTS DU CLIMAT

Dr S. Sundby (Norway), Chairman

ICES/GLOBEC NORIB-ATLANTICREGIONAL CO-ORDINATIONGROUP/ GROUPE CIEM/GLOBECDE COORDINATIONREGIONALE SUR L' ATLANTIQUE NORD

Dr R.C.A. Bannister (UK), interim Chairman

SECOND ICES/GLOBEC BACKWARD-FACING WORKSHOP/ DEUXIEMEATELIER RETROSPECTIF CIEM/GLOBEC SUR LA MORUE ET LE CLIMAT

Dr R.R. Dickson (UK) and Dr K.T. Frank (Canada), Co-Chairmen

ICES GLOBEC COD AND CLIMATE DATABASE WORKSHOP/ ATELIER CIEM/GLOBEC SUR LA BASE DES DONNEES DE LA MORUE ET DU CLIMAT

Dr R. Murawski (USA) and Dr K. Brander (UK), Co-Chairmen

STUDY GROUP ON LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALES/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES GLOBICEPHALES NOIRES

Prof. D.S. Butterworth (South Africa), Chairman

ADHOC GROUPON THEPRODUCTION OF ICES WORKING GROUP REPORTS/ GROUPE ADHOC SUR LA PRODUCTION THE RAPPORTS DES GROUPES DE TRAVAIL DU CIEM

Dr R.C .A. Bannister (UK), Chairman

316 ADHOC GROUP OF DATABASE/GIS PRACTITIONERS/ GROUPE ADHOC DES PRATICIENS DE BASES DE DONNEES POUR SIG

ICES General Secretary, Chairman

ADVISORY COMMITTEEON FISHERYMANAGEMENT/ COMITE D'AVIS SUR LA GESTION DE LA PECHE

ARCTIC FISHERIESWORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRA VAIL SUR LA PECHE DEL' ARCT IQUE

Mr K. Sunnana (Norway), Chairman

NORTHERN PELAGIC AND BLUE WHITING FISHERIES WORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LA PECHE PELAGIQUE DU NORD ET DU MERLAN BLEU

Mr I. R.0ttingen(Norway), Chairman

BALTIC SALMON AN D TROUT ASSESSMENTWORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRA VAIL SUR L'EV ALUATION DES ST OCKSDE SA UMON ET DETRUITE DANS LA BALTIQUE

Dr L. Karlsson (Sweden), Chairman

COMPREHENSIVE FISHERY EVALUATION WORKING GROUP/ GROUPEDE TRAVAIL SUR L' APPROCHEGL OBALEDES PECHERIES

Dr G. Stefansson (Iceland), Chairman

HERRING ASSESSMENTWORKING GROUP FOR THE AREA SOUTH OF 62°N/ GROUPE DETRA VAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DES ST OCKS DE HARENG POUR LA ZON E AUSUD DE 62°N

Mr R. Toresen (Norway), Chairman

JOINT ICES/NAFO WORKING GROUP ON HA RP AND HOODED SEALS/ GROUPEDE TRA VAILCONJOINT CIEM/NAFO SUR LES PHOQUES DU GROENLAND ET LES PHOQUES A CAPUCHON

Dr G. Stenson (Canada), Chairman

MULTISPECIES ASSESSMENTWORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'EV ALUATION DES ST OCKS DE MULTI-ESPECES

Dr J. Rice (Canada), Chairman

317 NORTH-WESTERN WORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL NORD-OUEST

Mr J. Reinert (Denmark), Chairman

PANDALUSASSESSMENT WORKING GROUP/ GROUP DE TRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DU PANDALUS

Mr S. Tveite (Norway), Chairman

BALTIC FISHERIES ASSESSMENT WORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DE LA PECHE DANS LA BALTIQUE

Mr Sten Munk-Petersen (Denmark), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMERSAL STOCKS IN THENORTH SEA AND SKAGERRAK/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'EV ALUATION DES STOCKS DEMERSAUX DANS LA MERDU NORD ET LE SKAGERRAK

Mr P. Degnbol (Denmark), Chairman

· WORKING GROUP ON THE ASSESSMENT OF MACKEREL, HORSE MACKEREL, SARDINE AND ANCHOVY/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DES STOCKS DE MAQUERAUX, DE CHINCHARDS, DE SARDINESET D'ANCHOIS

Ms C. Porteiro (Spain), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON THE ASSESSMENT OF NORTHERN SHELF DEMERSALSTOCKS/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'EV ALUATION DES STOCKS DEMERSAUXDU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL DU NORD

Dr M. Armstrong (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON THE ASSESSMENT OF SOUTHERN SHELF DEMERSALSTOCKS/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DES STOCKS DEMERSAUX DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL DU SUD

Mr M. Pawson (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON METHODSOF FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LES METHODES D'EVALUATION DES STOCKS DE POISSONS

Dr G. Stefansson (Iceland), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON NEPHROPS STOCKS/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LES STOCKS DE NEPHROPS

Dr D. Bennett (UK), Chairman

318 WORKING GROUP ON NORTH ATLANTIC SALMON/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LE SAUMON DE L' ATLANTIQUE DU NORD

Mr E.C.E. Potter (UK), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON THE BIOLOGY AND ASSESSMENTOF DEEP-SEA FISHERIES RESOURCES/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LA BIOLOGIE ET L'EVALUATION DES STOCKS DES RESSOURCES HALIEUTIQUES DES GRANDS FONDS

Dr J.D .M. Gordon (UK), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON THE ASSESSMENT OF OTHERFISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES/; GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION D' AUTRES ESPECES DE POISSONS, MOLLUSQUES ET CRUSTACES

Dr H. Mohn (Canada), Chairman

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT/ COMITE D'A VIS SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT MARIN

MARINECHEMISTRY WORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LA CHIMIEMARINE

Dr W. Cofino (Netherlands), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LES EFFETS BIOLOGIQUES DES CONTAMINANTS

Dr R. Stagg (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING STRATEGIES/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR L'EVALUATION DES CONDfflONS DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET LES STRATEGIES DE SURVEILLANCE

Mr I.M. Davies (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON INTRODUCTIONS AND TRANSFERSOF MARINE ORGANISMS/ GROUPE DE TRAVAILSUR LES INTRODUCTIONS ET LES TRANSFERTS DES ORGANISMES MARINS

Prof. J.T. Carlton (USA), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON MARINESEDIMENTS IN RELATION TO POLLUTION/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LES SEDIMENTS MARINS PAR RAPPORT A LA POLLUTION

Dr S.M. Rowlatt (UK), Chairman

319 WORKSHOP ON ESTUARINEBEHAVIOUR OF TRACE METALS/ ATELIER SUR LE COMPORTEMENT DES METAUX-TRACEDANS LES ESTUAIRES

M J.F. Chiffoleau(France), Chairman

JOINTACFM/ACME (ASSESS/ENV) ACFM/ACMECONJOINT (ASSESS/ENV)

WORKING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEMEFFECTS OF F1SIDNG ACTIVITIES/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LES EFFETS ECOLOGIQUES DES ACTIVITIESDE PECHE

Dr S.J. Hall (UK), Chairman

FISH CAPTURECOMMITTEE/ COMITE POURLA CAPTUREDES ANIMAUXMARINS

WORKINGGROUP ON F1SHERIESACOUSTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'ETUDE DE LA SCIENCE ET LA TECHNOLOGIE ACOUSTIQUE DE LA PECHE

Mr E.J. Simmonds (UK), Chairman

WORKINGGROUP ON F1SIDNG TECHNOLOGYAND F1SH BEHAVIOUR/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LA TECHNOLOGIE DE PECHE ET LE COMPORTEMENT DES POISSONS

Dr S.J. Walsh (Canada), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON GRID (GRATE) SORTING SYSTEMS INTRAWLS, BEAM TRAWLS AND SEINE NETS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES DISPOSITIFSRIGIDES DE TRIDANS LES CHALUTS, CHALUTS A PERCHE, ET SENNES

Mr J.W. Valdemarsen (Norway), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON THE USE OF SELECTIVITYMEASUREMENTS IN STOCK ASSESSMENT/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR L'USAGE DES MESURES DE SELECTIVITE DANS LES EVALUATIONS DES STOCKS

Dr R.M. Cook (UK), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON UNACCOUNTED MORTALITY IN F1SHERIES/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LA MORTALITE INEXPLIQUEE DANS LA PECHE

Mr A. Frechet (Canada), Chairman

320 HYDROGRAPHY COMMITTEE/COMITE HYDROGRAPHIQUE

WORKING GROUP ON MARINE DATA MANAGEMENT/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LA GESTION DES DONNEES MARINES

Dr L. Rickards (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON OCEANIC HYDROGRAPHY/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'HYDROGRAPHIEOCEANIQUE

Dr E. Buch (Denmark), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON SHELFSEAS OCEANOGRAPHY/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'OCEANOGRAPHIE DES PLATEAUX CONTINENTAUX

Mr E. Svendsen (Norway), Chairman

ICES/IOC WORKINGGROUP ON HARMFULALGAL BLOOM DYNAMICS/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL CIEM/COI SUR LA DYNAMIQUE NUISIBLE DES ECLOSIONS PLANCTONIQUES

Ms B. Reguera (Spain), Chairman

STATISTICS COMMITTEE/COMITE DES STATISTIQUES

STATISTICS COMMITfEE LIAISON WORKING GROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL DE LIAISON DU COMITESTATISTIQUE

Dr R.M. Cook (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON THESTATISTICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALMONITORING/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LES ASPECTS STATISTIQUES DE LA SURVEILLANCE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT

Mr M. Nicholson (UK), Chairman

MARINEENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COMMITTEE/ COMITE DE LA QUALITE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT MARIN

WORKING GROUP ON THEBALTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENTMARIN DE LA BALTIQUE

Dr H.-P. Hansen(Germany), Chairman

321 WORKINGGROUP ON TIIE EFFECTS OF EX TRACTIONOF MARINE SEDIMENTS ON TIIE MARINE ECOSYSTEM/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LES EFFETS D'EXTRACTION DES SEDIMENTS MARINS SUR L'ECOSYSTEME MARIN

Dr S.J. de Groot (Netherlands), Chairman

ICES/HELCOMSTEERING GROUP ON QUALITY ASSURANCE OF CHEMICALMEASURE MENTS IN TIIEBAL TIC SEA/ GROUPE DE DIRECTION CIEM/HELCOM SUR L' ASSURANCE DE QUALITE DESMESURES CIIlMIQUES DANS LAMERBALTIQUE

Dr U. Harms (Germany), Chairman

ICES HELCOM STEERING GROUP ON QUALITY ASSURANCE OFBIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN TIIEBALTIC SEA/ GROUPE DE DIRECTION CIEM/HELCOM SUR L'ASSURANCE DE QUALITE DES MESURES BIOLOGIQUES DANS LAMERBALTIQUE

Dr L. Hernroth (Sweden), Chairman

ICES/HELCOM WORKSHOP ON QUALITY ASSURANCE OF PELAGIC BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN TIIEBALTIC SEA/ ATELIER CIEM/HELCOMPOUR L'ASSURANCE DE QUALITE DES MESURES PELAGIQUES ET BIOLOGIQUES DANS LAMERBALTIQUE

Dr L. Hernroth(Sweden), Chairman

ICES/HELCOM WORKSHOP ON QUALITY ASSURANCE AND INTERCOMPARISONOF BENTHOS MEASUREMENTMETHODS IN TIIEBALTIC SEA/ ATELIER CIEM/HELCOM SUR L'ASSURANCE DE QUALITE ET LA COMPARAISON DES METHODES DE MESURE DUBENTHOS DANS LAMERBALTIQUE

Dr H. Rumohr (Germany), Chairman

STEERING GROUP FOR TIIE CO-ORDINATION OF TIIEBASELINE STUDY OF CONTAMINANTS IN BALTIC SEA SEDIMENTS/ GROUPE DE DIRECTION POUR LA COORDINATION DE L'ETUDE DE BASE DES CONTAMINANTS DANS LES SEDIMENTS DE LAMERBALTIQUE

Prof. M. Perttila (Finland), Chairman

MARICULTURECOMMITTEE/COMITE DE MARICULTURE

WORKING GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONSOF MARICULTURE/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LES INTERACTIONS DE LA MARICULTURE

Prof. H. Rosenthal (Germany), Chairman

322 WORKING GROUP ON APPLICATION OF GENETICS IN FISHERIES AND MARICULTURE/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L' APPLICATION DE LA GENETIQUE DANS LA PECHE ET LA MARICULTURE

Prof. J. Mork (Norway), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON MARINE FISH CULTURE/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LA CULTURE DES POISSONS MARINES

Dr B. Howell (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON PATHOLOGY AND DISEASES OF MARINEORGANISMS/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LA PATHOLOGIE ET LES MALADIES DES ORGANISMES MARINS

Dr A.H. McVicar (UK), Chairman

SUB-GROUP ON STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FISH DISEASE DATA INMARINE FISH STOCKS/ SOUS-GROUPE SUR L'ANALYSE STATISTIQUE DES DONNEES CONCERNANT LES MALADIES DANS LES STOCKS DES POISSONS MARINS

Dr A.O. Vethaak (Netherlands), Chairman

AD HOC MEETING ON THEUSE OF LIVER PATHOLOGY OF FLATFISHFOR MONITORING BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS/ REUNION AD HOC SUR L'USAGE DE LA PATHOLOGIEDU FOIE DES POISSONS PLATS POUR LA SURVEILLANCE DES EFFETSBIOLOGIQUES DES CONTAMINANTS

Mr S.W. Feist (UK) and Dr T. Lang (Germany), Co-Convenors

DEMERSALFISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES POISSONS DE FOND

STUDY GROUP ON BEAM TRAWL SURVEYS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES CAMPAGNES DE CHALUTS A PERCHE

Mr A.O. Rijnsdorp (Netherlands), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON ELASMOBRANCH FISHES/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES POISSONS ELASMOBRANCHES

Mr H. Marques da Silva (Portugal), Chairman

AD HOC MEETINGOF THECOORDINATORS OF THE 1991 STOMACH SAMPLING DATABASE/ REUNION AD HOC DES COORDINATEURS DE LA BASE DE DONNEES D'ECHANTILLONNAGE DES ESTOMACS DE 1991

Dr J.R.G. Hislop (UK), Chairman

323 JOINTICES/NAFO WORKSHOP ON GREENLAND HALIBUT AGE READING/ ATELIERCIEM/NAFO CONJOINT SUR LA LECTU RED' AGEDU FLETANDE GROENLAND

Mr K. Nedreaas (Norway), Chairman

WORKSHOP ON AGE READING OF SEBASTES spp/ ATELIER SUR LA LECTU RED'AGE DU SEBASTES spp.

Dr D.B. Atkinson (Canada) and Dr K. Kosswig (Germany), Co-Chairmen

PELAGIC FISH COMMITTEE/COMITEDES POISSONS PELAGIQUES

INTERNATIONAL BOTTOMTRAWL SURVEY WORKINGGROUP/ GROUPEDETRAVAILSUR LES CAMPAGNES INTERNATIONALESDE CHALUTSDE FOND

Dr H.J.L. Heessen (Netherlands), Chairman

PLANNING GROUP FOR HERRING SURVEYS/ GROUPE DE PLANIFICATIONPOUR LES ETUDESDU HARENG

Dr E.J. Simmonds (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON MACKEREL AND HORSE MACKEREL EGG SURVEYS/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL POUR LES ETUDES D'OEUFS DE MAQUERAUX ET DE CHINCHARDS

Mr J. Nichols (UK), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON THE MANAGEMENTPERFORMANCE OF IND IVIDUALTRANSFERABLE QUOTA SYSTEMS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR L'EFFICACITE DE GESTION PAR LES SYSTEMESDE QUOTAS IND IVIDUELS TRANSMISSIBLES

Dr D. Lane (Canada), Chairman

BALTIC FISH COMMITTEE/COMITE DES POISSONS DE LA BALTIQUE

STUDY GROUP ON BALTICCO D AGE READING/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LA LECTU RED'AGE DE LA MORUEDANS LA BALTIQUE

Dr J. Netzel (Poland) and Dr P. Ernst (Germany), Co-Chairmen

BALTIC INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES SURVEY WORKINGGROUP/ GROUPEDETRAVAILSUR LES CAMPAGNESINTERNATIONALESDE LA PECHE BALTIQUE

Mr J. Modin (Sweden), Chairman

324 STUDY GROUP ON MULTISPECIES MODEL IMPLEMENTATIONIN THEBALTIC/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE D'UN MODELE MULTI-ESPECES DANS LA BALTIQUE

Dr F.-W. Koster (Germany), Chairman

SHELLFISH COMMITTEE/COMI'FE DES MOLLUSQUES ET CRUSTACES

WORKING GROUP ON CEPHALOPOD FISHERIES AND LIFEHISTORY I GROUPEDE TRAVAIL SUR LA PECHE ET STADES DE VIE DES CEPHALOPODES

Dr U. Piatkowski (Germany), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON CIUNGONFISHERIES AND LIFE HISTORY/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR LA PECHE ET LE ST ADES DE VIE DES CIUNGON

Dr Th. Neudecker (Germany), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON THE BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF MAJID CRABS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LA BIOLOGIEET LES STADES DE VIEDES CRABES MAJ/DES

MD. Latrouite (France), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON LIFEHISTORIES OF NEPHROPS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES ST ADES DE VIE DE NEPHROPS

Dr N. Bailey (UK), Chairman

WORKSHOP ON SHELLFISH BIVALVE CULTIVATION: GROWTH, MODELLING AND IMPACT ON THE ECOSYSTEM/ ATELIER SUR LA CULTURE DES MOLLUSQUES BIVALVES: MODELLISATION CROISSANCE, MODELLAGE ET L'IMPACT SUR L'ECOSYSTEME

Dr M. Heral (France) and Prof. B. Bayne (UK), Co-Chairmen

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY COMMITTEE/ COMITE DE L'OCEANOGRAPHIE BIOLOGIQUE

BENTHOS ECOLOGY WORKINGGROUP/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'ECOLOGIE DE LA FAUNE BENTHIQUE

Dr P. Kingston (UK), Chairman

WORKINGGROUP ON PHYTOPLANKTON ECOLOGY/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR L'ECOLOGIE DU PHYTOPLANCTON

Prof. F. Colijn (Germany), Chairman

325 WORKINGGROUP ON RECRUITMENT PROCESSES/ GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR LES PROCESSUS DE RECRUTEMENT

Dr P. Pepin (Canada), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON SEABIRD ECOLOGY/ GROUPE DE TRA VAIL SUR L'ECOLOGIE DES OISEAUX DE MER

Dr R. Furness (UK), Chairman

WORKING GROUP ON ZOOPLANKTON PRODUCTION ECOLOGY/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL SUR L'ECOLOGIE DE LA PRODUCTION DU ZOOPLANCTON

Mr H.R. Skjoldal (Norway), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON GULF ID PLANKTON SAMPLER EFFICIENCY/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR L'EFFICACITE DE L'ECHANTILLONNEUR DE PLANCTON GULF ID

Prof. D. Schnack (Germany), Chairman

WORKSHOP ON DEVELOPMENT OF IN SITU GROWTH RATE MEASUREMENTS IN DINOFLAGELLATES/ ATELIER SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA MESURE IN SITU DU TAUX DE CROISSANCE IN SITU DES DINOFLAGELLES

Dr 0. Lindahl (Sweden), Chairman

ANADROMOUS AND CATADROMOUS FISH COMMITTEE/ COMITE DES POISSONS ANADROMES ET CATADROMES

JOINT EIFAC/ICES WORKING GROUP ON EEL/ GROUPE DETRAVAIL CONJOINT EIFAC/CIEM SUR L' ANGUILLE

Dr C. Moriarty (Ireland), Chairman

STUDY GROUP ON STOCK IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOLS FOR FINFISH AND SHELLFISHSTOCKS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES PROTOCOLES D'IDENTIFICATION DES STOCKS DE POISSONS A NAGEOIRES, ET DE MOLLUSQUES ET CRUSTACES

Dr K. Friedland (USA), Chairman

WORKSHOP ON THEINTERACTIONS BETWEEN SALMON LICE AND SALMONIDS/ ATELIER SUR L'INTERACTION ENTRE LES POUX DU SAUMON ET LES SALMONIDES

Dr A. McVicar (UK), Chairman

326 MARINEMAMMALS COMMITTEE/COMITE DES MAMMIFERESMARINS

STUDY GROUP ON SEALS AND SMALL CETACEANS IN EUROPEAN SEAS/ GROUPE D'ETUDE SUR LES PHOQUES ET PETITS CETACES DANS LES MERS DE L'EUROPE

Dr J. Harwood (UK), Chairman

327

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF COUNCIL OFFICIALS AND CHAIRMENOF COMMITTEES AND GROUPS

Dr M. Armstrong Dr D. Bennett Prof. F. Colijn Department of Agriculture of Fisheries Laboratory Forschungs- und NorthernIreland Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT Technologiezentrum Newforge Lane England, United Kingdom Westkiiste Hafentorn Belfast BT9 5PX Telephone: +44 1 502 562 244 Werftstrasse 10 NorthernIreland, United Kingdom Fax: +44 1 502 513 865 25 761 Biisum, Germany Telephone: +44 232 661 166 Telephone: +49 483 4604 200 Fax: +44 232 382 244 Fax: +49 483 4604 299

Mr E. Aro Dr E. Buch Dr R.H. Cook Finnish Game and Fisheries Farvandsvresenet Department of Fisheries & Oceans Research Institute Overgaden o. Vandet 62b P.O. Box550 Fisheries Division 1023 Copenhagen K, Denmark Halifax, NS B3J 2S7, Canada P.O. Box 202 Telephone: +45 33 931351 Telephone: +1 902 426 9068 00151 Helsinki, Finland Fax: +45 33 322375 Fax: +1 902 426 2706 Telephone: +358 022881243 Fax: +358 063 15 13

Dr N. Bailey Prof. D.S. Butterworth Dr R.M. Cook Marine Laboratory Department of Applied Mathematics Marine Laboratory P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road University of Cape Town P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Rondebosch 7700, South Africa Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland United Kingdom Telephone: +27 21 65 02343 United Kingdom Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Fax: +27 21 65 02334 Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Fax: +44 1224 295511 Fax: +44 1224 295511

Dr H. Benke Prof. J. Carlton Mr I.M. Davies ------� Deutsches Museum f. Maritime Studies Program Marine Laboratory Meereskunde und Fischerei The Williams College P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Katharinenberg 14/20 P.O. Box 6000 Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland 18439 Stralsund Mystic Seaport United Kingdom Germany Mystic, CT 06355-0990, USA Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Telephone: +49 38 31 295 135 Telephone: +1 203 57253 59 Fax: +44 1224 295511 Fax: +49 38 31 292 217 Fax: +1 203 5725329

Mr F.A.van Beek M J.F. Chiffoleau Mr P. Degnbol Netherlands Institute for IFREMER Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser Fisheries Research rue de l'Ile d'Yeu P.O. Box 101 P.O. Box68 BP 1105 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark 1970 AB ljmuiden 44311 Nantes Cedex 03 Telephone: +45 33 96 32 05 Netherlands France Fax: +45 33 96 32 60 Telephone: +31 255 564 646 Telephone:+33 403 740 00 Fax: +31 255 564 644 Fax: + 33 403 740 75

Dr R.C.A. Bannister Dr W. Cofino Dr R.R. Dickson Fisheries Laboratory Institute forEnvironmental Studies Fisheries Laboratory Lowestoft, SuffolkNR33 0HT P.O. Box 7161 Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT England, United Kingdom 1007 MK Amsterdam, Netherlands England, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 1502562 244 Telephone: +31 20 444 95 30 Telephone: +44 1502562 244 Fax: +44 1502513 865 Fax: + 31 20 444 955 3 Fax: +44 1502513 865

329 Dr B. Draganik Dr K. Friedland Dr S.J. Hall Sea Fisheries Institute NMFS/NOAA Marine Laboratory ul. Kollataja 1 Northeast Fisheries Science Center P.O. Box 101 81-322 Gdynia, Poland Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB9 8DB Telephone: +48 58 201728 Telephone: +1 508 548 5123 United Kingdom Fax: +48 58 202831 Fax: + 1 508 548 2124 Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Fax: +44 1224 295 511

Dr L. Edler Dr R. Froese Dr H.P. Hansen SMHI ICLARM lnstitut fiir Meeresk:unde Doktorsgatan9D MC P.O. 2631 an der UniversitiitKiel 262 52 Angelholm, Sweden 0718 Mak:ati City Dustembrooker Weg 20 Telephone: +46 43 18 08 54 Philippines 2300Kiel, Germany Fax: +46 43 18 31 67 Telephone: +632 81 80466 Telephone: +49 431 5974022 Fax: +632 81 63183 Fax: +49 431 565876

Dr P. Ernst Dr R. Fryer Dr U. Harms lnstitut f.Ostseefischerei Marine Laboratory Lab. fiir Radiookologie der An der Jagerbak P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Gewasser 18069 Rostock-Marienehe Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Aussenstelle Sillldorf, Wustland 2 Germany United Kingdom 2000Hamburg 55, Germany Telephone: +49 381 810 344 Telephone:+44 1 224 876 544 Telephone: +49 403 1908601 Fax: +49 381 810 446 Fax: +44 1 224 295 511 Fax: +49 403 1908603

Mr S. Feist Dr R.W. Furness Dr J. Harwood Fish Diseases Laboratory Department of Zoology Sea Mammal Research Unit 33/33A Albany Road Glasgow University c/o BAS, Madingley Road Weymouth, Dorset DT4 9TH Glasgow Gl2 8QQ, United Kingdom Cambridge CB3 OET, England United Kingdom Telephone: +44 141 339 8855 United Kingdom Telephone: (ext. 8038) Telephone: +44 1 223 311 354 Fax: Fax: +44 1 41 330 5971 Fax: +44 1 223 328 927

Dr M. Fogarty Dr P. Gentien Dr H.J.L. Heessen ------� NMFS/NOAA IFREMER Netherlands Institute for Northeast Fisheries Science Center Centre de Brest Fishery Research Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA BP 70 P.O. Box 68 Telephone: +1 508 548 5123 29280 Plouzane 1970 AB IJmuiden, Netherlands Fax: +1 508 548 5124 France Telephone: +31 25 556 4646 Telephone: + 33 98 22 43 58 Fax: +31 25 556 4644 Fax: +33 98 22 45 47

Dr K.T. Frank Dr J.D.M. Gordon Dr M. Heral Department of Fisheries & Oceans Dunstaffnage Marine Research CREMA-L'Houmeau, B.P. 5 Bedford Institute of Oceanography Laboratory 17137 L'Houmeau Cedex, France P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth P.O. Box 3, Oban Telephone: + 33 46 50 94 40 NS B2Y 4A2, Canada Argyll PA34 4AD, United Kingdom Fax: +33 46 50 91 60 Telephone: +1 902 426 3498 Telephone: +44 1 631 622 44 Fax: +1 902 426 1505 Fax: +44 1 631 655 18

Mr A. Frechet Dr S.J. de Groot Dr L. Hernroth Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Netherlands Institute for Kristineberg Marine Research Institut Maurice-Lamontagne Fishery Research Station 850, route de la Mer P.O. Box 68 Kristineberg 2130 C.P. 1000 1970 AB IJmuiden, Netherlands 450 34 Fiskebackskil, Sweden Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4 Telephone: +31 25 556 4646 Telephone: +46 52 31 85 50 Canada Fax: + 31 25 556 4644 Fax: +46 52 31 85 03 Telephone:+1 418 775 0552 Fax: +1 418 775 0542

330 Dr J.R.G. Hislop Dr D.E. Lane Mr J. Modin Marine Laboratory Faculty of Administration Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road University of Ottawa Box 4 Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland 136, Jean Jacques Lussier 453 21 Lysekil United Kingdom Ottawa, Ont. KIN 6N5 Sweden Telephone:+44 1 224 876 544 Canada Telephone: +46 523 141 80 Fax: +44 1224 295 511 Telephone: + 1 613 562 5800 Fax: +46 523 139 77 ext. 4795 Fax: +1 613 562 5164

Dr B.R. Howell M D. Latrouite Dr E. Moksness MAFF Fisheries Laboratory IFREMER Institute of Marine Research BenarthRoad Centre de Brest, B.P. 70 Fl0devigen Marine Research Station Conway Gwynedd LL32 8UB 29280 Plouzane, France 4817 His, Norway Wales, United Kingdom Telephone: + 33 98 22 43 69 Telephone: +47 37 01 05 80 Telephone: +44 1492 593 883 Fax: + 33 98 22 45 47 Fax: +47 37 01 05 15 Fax: +44 1492 592 123

Prof. L. Karlsson Dr O. Lindahl DrR.K. Mohn Laxforskningsinstitutet Kristinebergs Marina Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans 810 70 Alvkarleby, Sweden Forskningstation Bedford Institute of Oceanography Telephone: +46 26 72 600 450 34 Fiskebackskil P.O. Box 1006 Fax: +46 26 72 664 Sweden Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 Telephone: +46 52 31 85 50 Canada Fax: +46 52 31 85 03 Telephone: +1 902426 2373 Fax: +1 902 426 7827

Dr P. Kingston Mr H. Loeng Dr C. Moriarty Institute of Offshore Engineering Institute of Marine Research Dept. of the Marine Heriot-Watt University P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Fisheries Research Centre Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS 5024 Bergen, Norway Abbotstown Scotland, United Kingdom Telephone: +47 55 23 85 00 Dublin 15, Ireland Telephone: +44 131 4495111 Fax: +47 55 23 85 31 Telephone:+ 353 182 10111 -�-- - Fax: +44 1 31 4496254 Fax: +353 182 050 78

Mr E. Kirkegaard Dr B.R. MacKenzie Prof. J. Mork Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser Universityof Trondheim Charlottenlund Slot Charlottenlund Slot Trondheim Biological Station 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Bynesveien 46 Telephone: +45 33 963350 Telephone: +45 33 96 33 00 7018 Trondheim, Norway Fax: +45 33 963333 Fax: +45 33 96 33 33 Telephone: +47 73 59 15 89 Fax: +47 73 59 15 97

Dr F.-W. Koster Dr K. Magnusson Mr S. Munch-Petersen Institut fiirMeereskunde Science Institute Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser an der Universitat Kiel University of Iceland Charlottenlund Slot Dustembrooker Weg 20 Dunhagi 3 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark 24105 Kiel, Germany 107 Reykjavik,Iceland Telephone: +45 33 96 33 00 Telephone: +49 431 597 4022 Telephone: + 354 569 4000 Fax: +45 33 96 33 33 Fax: +49 4431 565 876 Fax: +354 569 4632

DrT. Lang Dr A.H. McVicar Mr K. Nedreaas Inst. f. Fischereiokologie Marine Laboratory Institute of Marine Research BFA f. Fischerei P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Deichstrasse 12 Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland 5024 Bergen, Norway 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany United Kingdom Telephone: +47 55 238 500 Telephone: +49 47 213 8034 Telephone: +44 224 876 544 Fax: +47 55 238 531 Fax: +49 47 215 3583 Fax: +44 224 295511

331 Dr J. Netzel Prof. M. Perttila Dr A. Rijnsdorp Sea Fisheries Institute Institute of Marine Research NetherlandsInstitute forFishery ul. Kollataja P.O. Box 33 Research 81-372 Gdynia, Poland 00931Helsinki, Finland P.O. Box 68, 1970 IJmuiden Telephone: +4858 201728 Telephone: + 35 8 033 1044 Netherlands Fax: +46 58 202831 Fax: +358 033 1376 Telephone: + 31 25 55 6 4646 Fax: +31 25 55 6 4644

Dr T. Neudecker Dr U. Piatkowski Prof. H. Rosenthal Bundesforschunganstalt fiir lnstitut fiirMeereskunde lnstitut fiir Meereskunde Fischerei an der Universitat Kiel an der Universitat Kiel lnstitut fiir Seefischerei Diistembrooker Weg 20 DiistembrookerWeg 20 Palmaille 9 2300 Kiel, Germany 2300 Kiel, Germany 2000 Hamburg 50, Germany Telephone: +49 431 597390 8 Telephone: +49 431 597 3916 Telephone: +49 403 8905172 Fax: +49 431 565876 Fax: +49 431 565 876 Fax: +49 403 8905129

Mr J.H. Nichols Ms C. Porteiro Mr I. R.0ttingen Fisheries Laboratory Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia Institute of Marine Research Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT Apdo 155 2, 36280 Vigo, Spain P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes England, United Kingdom Telephone: + 34 86 29 27 58 5024 Bergen, Norway Telephone: +44 1 502 562 244 Fax: + 34 86 29 27 62 Telephone: +4755 23 85 00 Fax: +44 1502513 865 Fax: +47 55 23 85 31

Mr M.D. Nicholson Mr E.C.E. Potter Dr S.M. Rowlatt Fisheries Laboratory Fisheries Laboratory Fisheries Laboratory Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT Lowestoft, SuffolkNR33 0HT Remembrance Avenue England, United Kingdom England, United Kingdom Burnham-on-Crouch Telephone: +44 1 502 562 244 Telephone: +44 1502562 244 Essex CM0 SHA, England Fax: +44 1502513 865 Fax: +44 1502513 865 United Kingdom Telephone: +44 1 621 782 65 8 Fax: +44 1 621 784 989 -- � � Mr E. Ona Mr J. Reinert Dr H. Rumohr Institute of Marine Research Fiskiranns6knarstovan lnstitut fiir Meereskunde P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 3051, Noatun an der Universitat Kiel 5024 Bergen, Norway FR-110 T6rshavn Diistembrooker Weg 20 Telephone: +4755 23 85 00 Faroe Islands, Denmark 24105 Kiel, Germany Fax: +47 55 23 85 31 Telephone: +298 15 092 Telephone: +49 431597 3957 Fax: +298 18 264 Fax: +49 431 597 3994

Prof. T.R. Osborn Dr J.C. Rice Prof. D. Schnack Department of Earth and Planetary Department of Fisheries & Oceans lnstitut fiir Meereskunde Sciences Pacific Biological Station an der Universitat Kiel The Johns Hopkins University Hammond Bay Road Diistembrooker Weg 20 Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada 2300 Kiel, Germany Telephone: +1 410516 7039 Telephone: + 1 604 75 6 7136 Telephone: +49 431 597 3910 Fax: +1 410516 7933 Fax: + 1 604 75 6 7138 Fax: +49 431 565 876

Mr M. Pawson Dr K. Richardson Dr S.A. Schopka Fisheries Laboratory Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser Marine Research Institute Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT Charlottenlund Slot P.O. Box 1390 , Skulagata 4 England, United Kingdom 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark 121 Reykjavik, Iceland Telephone: +44 1 502 562 244 Telephone: +45 33 96 33 73 Telephone: + 35 4 120 240 Fax: +44 1502513 865 Fax: +45 33 96 34 34 Fax: + 35 4 162 3790

Dr P. Pepin Dr L. Rickards Dr H.M. da Silva Department of Fisheries & Oceans Proudman Oceanograhic Laboratory Department of Oceanography P.O. Box 5667, Bidston Observatory and Fisheries St. John's, NF AlC5Xl. Birkenhead, Merseyside L43 7RA Universityof the Azores Canada England, United Kingdom 9900 Horta, Azores, Portugal Telephone: +1 709 772 2081 Telephone: +44 516 538 633 Telephone: +351 922 3460 Fax: + 1 709 772 41885 Fax: +44 516 536 269 Fax: +351 922 2659

332 Mr E.J. Simmonds Dr R.L. Stephenson Mr R. Toresen Marine Laboratory Department of Fisheries & Oceans Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Biological Station P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland St. Andrews, NB. EOG 2XO 5024 Bergen, Norway United Kingdom Canada Telephone: +47 5 238500 Telephone: +44 224 876 544 Telephone: +1 506 529 8854 Fax: +47 5 238531 Fax: +44 224 295511 Fax: +1 506 529 5862

Mr H.R. Skjoldal Dr P.A.M. Stewart Mr S. Tveite Instituteof Marine Research Marine Laboratory Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road Fl0devigen Marine Research Station 5024 Bergen, Norway Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland 4817 His, Norway Telephone: +47 55 23 85 00 United Kingdom Telephone: +47 37 010 580 Fax: +47 55 23 85 31 Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Fax: +47 37 010 515 Fax: +44 1 224 295511

Dr R. Stagg Dr S. Sundby Mr J. W. V aldemarsen Marine Laboratory Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 101, Victoria Road P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen, Norway United Kingdom Norway Telephone: +47 5 238500 Telephone: +44 1 224 876 544 Telephone: +47 55 238 500 Fax: +47 5 238531 Fax: +44 1 224 295511 Fax: +47 55 238 531

Dr G. Stefansson Mr K. Sunnarul Dr A.D. Vethaak Marine Research Institute Norwegian Institute of Fisheries RIKZ, Ecotoxicology Section P.O. Box 1390, Skulagata 4 and Aquaculture P.O. Box 8039 121 Reykjavik, Iceland P.O. Box 2511 4330 EA Middelburg Telephone: + 354 1 20240 001Troms0, Norway Netherlands Fax: + 354 1 623790 Telephone: +47 83 29000 Telephone: +31 118 672 311 Fax: +47 83 29100 Fax: +31 118 616 500

Dr G. Stenson Mr E. Svendsen Dr S.J. Walsh -·---·------Department of Fisheries & Oceans Institute of Marine Research Department of Fisheries & Oceans P.O. Box 5667 P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 5667 St. John's, NF AlC 5Xl 5024 Bergen, Norway St John's, NF AlC 5Xl Canada Telephone: +47 5 238500 Canada Telephone: +1 709 772 2081 Fax: +47 5 238531 Telephone: + 1 709 772 5477 Fax: + 1 709 772 4188 Fax: +1 709 772 2156

333

PART III

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT 1995 ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT THE 1995 ANNUAL SCIENCE CONFERENCE LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS A LA CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIQUE ANNUELLE 1995

* Delegate/Delegue **Acting Delegate/Suppleant

BELGIUM/BELGIQUE

Dr R. De Clerck * Mr R. Fonteyne Mr H. Polet Station de Peche Maritime Station de Peche Maritime Station de Peche Maritime Ankerstraat 1 Ankerstraat 1 Ankerstraat 1 8400 Ostende 8400Ostende 8400Ostende

Dr K. Cooreman Station de Peche Maritime Ankerstraat 1 8400Ostende

CANADA

Dr J.M. Bewers Mr A. Frechet Dr J.C. Rice** Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Dept of Fisheries & Oceans Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanogr. Institut Maurice-Lamontagne PacificBiological Station P.O. Box 1006 850, route de la Mer Hammond Bay Road Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 C.P. 1000 Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6 Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4 (p.t.Danish Fisheries Research Institute, Charlottenlund Slot, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark)

Dr R.H. Cook Dr D. Gauthier Dr L. Richards Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Dept of Fisheries & Oceans Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans P.O. Box 550 Institut Maurice-Lamontagne Pacific Biological Station Halifax, NS B3J 2S7 850, route de la Mer Hammond Bay Road C.P. 1000 Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6 · Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4

Dr K.F. Drinkwater Dr D. Lane Dr M.M. Sinclair* Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Faculty of Administration Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanogr. University of Ottawa BedfordInstitute of Oceanogr. P.O. Box 1006 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Drive P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 Ottawa, ONT KIN 6N5 Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2

Mr J.D. Dutil Mr R. MacDonald Dr R.L. Stephenson Dept of Fisheries & Oceans Institute of Ocean Sciences Dept of Fisheries & Oceans Institut Maurice-Lamontagne DFO Biological Station 850, route de la Mer 9860West Saanich Road St Andrews, NB EOG 2XO C.P. 1000 Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4

Dr K.T. Frank Dr L.S. Parsons* Dr S.J. Walsh Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography 200 Kent Street P.O. Box 5667 P.O. Box 1006 Ottawa, ONT KIA OE6 St John's, NF AlC 5Xl Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2

337 DENMARK Mr K.N. Andersen Mr F. Hansen Mr F.O. Kapel Statens Jordbrugs- og Fiskeridirektoratet Greenland Institute ofNatural Fiskeri.0konomisk lnstitut Stormgade 2 Resources Toftegards Plads 1470 Copenhagen K Tagensvej 135 Gl. K0ge Landevej 1-3 2200CopenhagenN 2500Valby

Mr P. Andersen Mr M.M. Hansen Mr A. Kristiansen Bio/Consult A/S Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Fiskiranns6knarstovan Johs. Ewardsvej 42-44 Dept. of Inland Fisheries P.O. Box 3051, N6atun 8230 Aabyhej Vejls0Vej 39 FR-110 T6rshavn 8600 Silkeborg Faroe Islands

Dr 0. Bagge Mr Vagn Hansen MrN. Lowry Danish Institute for Park Alle 27 Danish Inst. for Fishery Fishery Research 9850 Hirtshals and Aquaculture Charlottenlund Slot North Sea Center 2920 Charlottenlund P.O.Box 93 9850 Hirtshals

Dr E. Buch Mr S. Helmig Mr B. Lundgren Farvandsvresenet TheNational Forest andNatur Danish Institute forFisheries Overgaden o. Vandet 62b Agency Research Postboks 1919 Milj0ministeriet NorthSea Centre 1023 Copenhagen K Haraldsgade 53 P.O. Box 101 2100Copenhagen 0 9850 Hirtshals

Mr S. Christensen Mr E. Hoffmann Mr B.R. MacKenzie Inst. of Fisheries Economics Res. Danish Institute for Danish Institute for University of South Jutland Fishery Research Fishery Research Niels Bohrs Vej 9 Charlottenlund Slot Charlottenlund Slot 6700Esbjerg 2920 Charlottenlund 2920 Charlottenlund

Mr P. Degnbol** Mr R. Holst Mr N. Madsen Danish Institute for Con Stat Danish Institute for Fishery and Fishery Research TheNorth Sea Centre Aquaculture P.O. Box 101 P.O. Box 104 P.O. Box 93 9850 Hirtshals 9850 Hirtshals 9850 Hirtshals

Mr P. Dolmer Mr H. Hovgaard Mr P.G. Madsen Danish Institute for Danish Institute for COWi Consult Fishery Research Fishery Research Parallelvej 15 Charlottenlund Slot Charlottenlund Slot 2800Lyngby 2920 Charlottenlund 2920 Charlottenlund

Ms S.M. Dyekjrer Mr H. i. Jakupsstovu Mr E. Magnussen VKI V andkvalitets lnstituttet Fiskiranns6knarstovan Fiskiranns6knarstovan Agem Alle 11 P.O. Box 3051, N6atun P.O. Box 3051, N6atun 2970H0rsholm FR-110 T6rshavn FR-110 T6rshavn Faroe Islands Faroe Islands

338 Mr Hans Frost Mr I. Jenkinson Mr T. Moth-Poulsen Inst. of Fisheries Economics Res. Danish Institute for DIFTA University of South Jutland Fishery Research Nords0centret Niels Bohrs V ej 9 Charlottenlund Slot 9850 Hirtshals 6700Esbjerg 2920 Charlottenlund

Mr P. Grnnkjrer Mr H. Jensen Ms E. Nielsen Dept. of Ecology and Genetics Danish Institute for Danish Institute for Institute of Biological Sciences Fishery Research Fishery Research Arhus University Charlottenlund Slot Charlottenlund Slot 8000 Arhus C 2920 Charlottenlund 2920 Charlottenlund

Mr N.A. Nielsen* Mr J. Pedersen Mr K.J. Strehr Danish Institute for Danish Institute for Danish Institute for Fishery Research Fishery Research Fishery Research Charlottenlund Slot P.O. Box 101 P.O. Box101 2920 Charlottenlund 9850 Hirtshals 9850 Hirtshals

Mr R. Nielsen Ms I. Petersen Dr J. St0ttrup Danish Institute for Water Quality Institute Danish Institute for Fishery Research AgemAlle 11 Fishery Research P.O. Box 101 2870 H0rsholm P.O. Box 101 9850 Hirtshals 9850 Hirtshals

Dr J.R. Nielsen Mr G. Rasmussen Ms J. Tomkiewicz North Sea Centre lnstitut forFerskvandsfiskeri Danish Institute for Willemoesvej 2 Vejls0Vej 39 Fishery Research P.O. Box 104 8600Silkeborg Charlottenlund Slot 9850 Hirtshals 2920 Charlottenlund

Mr O. Vagn Olsen Mr J. Reinert Mr M. Vinther -�-----� Danish Institute for Fiskiranns6knarstovan Danish Institute for Fishery Research P.O. Box 3051, N6atun Fishery Research Charlottenlund Slot FR-ll0 T6rshavn Charlottenlund Slot 2920 Charlottenlund Faroe Islands 2920 Charlottenlund

Mr H. Paulsen MrM. Schou* Mr T. Vedsmand Danish Institute for Ministry of Agriculture Department of Geography Fishery Research and Fisheries and International Development P.O. Box 101 Slotsholmsgade 10 Studies, Roskilde University 9850 Hirtshals 1216 Copenhagen K P.O. Box260 4000 Roskilde Mr S.A. Pedersen Mr S. Sen Mr D. Wileman Greenland Institute of Natural Danish Institute for Danish Inst. forFishery Resources Fishery Research and Aquaculture Tagensvej 135 P.O. Box 101 NorthSea Center 2200 Copenhagen N 9850 Hirtshals P.O.Box93 9850 Hirtshals

339 ESTONIA/ESTONIE

Dr R. Aps Dr A. Janik* Dr E. Ojaveer* National Estonian Board of Estonian Fisheries Institute Estonian Fisheries Institute Fisheries Str. Lai 32 Str. Lai 32 Str. Lai 32 EEOOOl Tallin EEOOOl Tallin EEOlOO Tallintr

Mr T. Drevs Mr 0. Kaia Dr Tiit Raid Estonian Fisheries Institute Statistical Officeof Statistics Estonian Fisheries Institute Str. Lai 32 Environmental Statistics Division Str. Lai 32 EEOOOl Tallin Endla 15 EEOOOl Tallin EEOOOl Tallin

Ms E. Gruner Statistical Officeof Statistics Environmental Statistics Division Endla 15 EE0lOOTallin

FINLAND/FINLANDE

Mr E. Aro Dr K. Kononen Mr P. Suuronen FinnishGrune and Fisheries Institute of Marine Research Finnish Grune and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box33 Research Institute Fisheries Division 00931 Helsinki Fisheries Division P.O. Box202 P.O. Box202 00151 Helsinki 00151 Helsinki -�-- -·- Mr E. Ikonen Prof. P. Mfilkki* Mr M. Tiino Finnish Grune and Fisheries Institute of Marine Research FinnishGrune and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box33 Research Institute Fisheries Division 00931Helsinki Fisheries Division P.O. Box202 P.O. Box202 00151 Helsinki 00151 Helsinki

Mr E. Jokikokko Mr A. Romakkaniemi Prof. P. Tounainen* Finnish Grune and Fisheries FinnishGrune and Fisheries FinnishGrune and Fisheries Research Institute Research Institute Research Institute BothnianBay Fisheries Research BothnianBay Fisheries Research Fisheries Division Station Station P.O. Box202 Simontie 9 Siinontie 9 00151 Helsinki 95200 Simo 95200 Simo

FRANCE

M J.P. Bergeron MG. Euzenat MV. Marin IFREMER CSP, Station salmonicole IFREMER rue de l'Ile d'Yeu Rue de Fontaines Place du Seminaire BP 1105 76260 EU B.P. 7 44311 Nantes Cedex 03 17137 l'Houmeau

340 MN. Bez Dr P. Gentien M J.P. Robin Centre Geostatistique IFREMER Biologie & Biotechnologies 35, rueSt Honore Centre de Brest Marines, I.B.B.A. 77300 Fontainebleau BP70 Universite de Caen. 29280 Plouzane 14032 Caen Cedex

M M. Chaussepied* Dr M. Heral** ME. Rochard IFREMER CREMA-L'Houmeau 50, avenue Verdun Gazinet Centre de Brest B.P. 5 B.P. 3 BP70 17137 l'HoumeauCedex 33610 Cestas 29280 Plouzane

GERMANY/ALLEMAGNE

Dr J. Alheit Prof. J. Backhaus Ms S. Beddig Institut fiir Ostseeforschung Institut fiir Meereskunde Zentrum f. Meeres-u. Restock University der Universitat Hamburg Klimaforschung Seestrasse 15 Troplowitzstrasse 7 Bundesstr. 55 18119 Warnemiinde 22529 Hamburg 20146 Hamburg

Prof. W. Arntz Dr H. Benke Mr A. Bos Alfred-Wegener-Institutfiir Deutsches Museum f. Institut fiirHydrobiologie und Polar- und Meeresforschung Meeresksunde und Fischerei Fischereiwissenschaft Columbusstrasse Katharinenberg 14/20 Olbersweg24 27568 Bremerhaven 18439 Stralsund 22767 Hamburg

�-··� Mr A. Brown Dr S. Ehrich Dr T. Grohsler Institut fiirMeereskunde Bundesforschunganstalt f. Bundesforschunganstalt f. an der Universitat Kiel Fischerei Fischerei Diistembrooker Weg20 lnstitut fiir Seefischerei Institut fiir Seefischerei 24105 Kiel Palmaille 9 Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg 22767 Hamburg

Mr Ch. Bucher Dr P. Ernst Ms E. Hahlbeck Institut fiirMeereskunde Institut fiirOstseefischerei Bundesforschunganstalt f. an der Universitat Kiel An der Jagerbak 2 Fischerei DiistembrookerWeg 20 18069 Rostock-Marienehe Institut fiirOstseefischerei 24105 Kiel An der Jagerbak 2 18069 Restock

Ms A. Cederquist Mr I. Fittkau Dr C. Hammer Institut fiirMeereskunde Institut fiirMeereskunde Bundesforschunganstalt f. an der Universitat Kiel an der Universitat Kiel Fischerei DiistembrookerWeg 20 Diistembrooker Weg 20 Institut fiirSeefischerei 24105 Kiel 24105 Kiel Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg

Prof. F. Colijn Ms F. Funke Dr H.P. Hansen FTZ Institut fiir Meereskunde Institut fiir Meereskunde Westkiiste an der Universitat Kiel an der Universitat Kiel Hafentom Diistembrooker Weg20 DiistembrookerWeg 20 25761 Biisum 24105 Kiel 24105 Kiel

341 Mr H.P. Comus Dr O. Gabriel Dr U .J. Hesse Bundesforschunganstalt f. Bundesforschunganstalt f. FTZ Fischerei Fischerei Westkiiste lnstitut fiir Seefischerei lnstitut fiir Seefischerei Hafentom Palmaille 9 Palmaille 9 25761 Biisum 22767 Hamburg 22767 Hamburg

MrM. Dammer Mr S. Garthe Ms N. Hillgruber Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Biol. Anstalt Helgoland an der Universitat Kiel an der UniversitiitKiel Notkestrasse 31 Diistembrooker Weg 20 Diistembrooker Weg 20 22607 Hamburg 24105 Kiel 24105 Kiel

DrE.Dahm Dr M. George Mr Hans-H. Hinricksen Bundesforschungsanstalt f. FTZ Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Fischerei Westkiiste an der Universitiit Kiel Institut fiir Fischereitechnik Hafentom DiistembrookerWeg 20 Palmaille 9 25761 Biisum 24105 Kiel 22767 Hamburg

Dr D. Dannenberger Dr S. Gollasch Dr A. Jarre-Teichmann Institute of Baltic Sea Research University of Hamburg Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Seestrasse 15 Zoological Institute an der UniversitiitKiel 18119 Wamemiinde Martin-Luther-King Platz 3 DiistembrookerWeg 20 20146 Hamburg 24105 Kiel

Mr H. Dihazi Ms R Graumann MrT. Jung Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Wrangelstras.47 Institut fiirMeeresk:unde an der UniversitiitKiel 24105 Kiel an der Universitiit Kiel Diistembrooker Weg 20 Diistembrooker Weg 20 ------24105 Kiel 24105 Kiel

Ms J. Diirr Dr J. Groger Dr L. Karbe Timmerberg 21 Bundesforschunganstalt f. Inst. f. Hydrobiologie und 24106 Kiel Fischerei Fischereiwissenschaft --- Institut fiirSeefischerei Univ. Hamburg Palmaille 9 Zeiseweg 9 22767 Hamburg 22765 Hamburg

DrM. Karcher Prof. J.Lenz Dr U. Piatkowski Bundesamt f. Seeschiffahrt Institut fiirMeeresk:unde lnstitut fiirMeeresk:unde und Hydrographie an der Universitiit Kiel an der UniversitiitKiel Postfach 30 12 20 Diistembrooker Weg 20 Diistembrooker Weg 20 20359 Hamburg 24105 Kiel 24105 Kiel

Dr B. Klenz Mr R.Luff DrT. Pohlmann Bundesforschunganstalt f. lnstitut fiirMeeresk:unde Institut fiirMeeresk:unde Fischerei der Universitiit Hamburg Troplowitzstr. 7 lnstitut fiir Ostseefischerei Rostock Troplowitzstrasse 7 22529 Hamburg An der Jiigerbak 2 22529 Hamburg 18069 Rostock

Mr M. Klopmann Dr W.Matthiius Prof. A. Post* Biol. Anstalt Helgoland lnstitut fiir Ostseeforschung Bundesforschunganstalt f. Notkestrasse 31 Seestrasse 15 Fischerei 22607 Hamburg 18119 W amemiinde Institut fiirSeefischerei Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg

342 Mr G. Kraus Mr S. Maus Dr O. Rechlin Institut fiir Meereskunde lnstitut fiir Meereskunde Institut fiirOstseefischerei an der UniversitatKiel der Universitat Hamburg An der Jagerbak 2 DiisternbrookerW eg 20 Troplowitzstrasse 7 18069 Rostock-Marienehe 24105Kiel 22529 Hamburg

Dr F.-W.Koster Prof. J. Meineke* Prof. H. Rosenthal lnstitut fiirMeereskunde lnstitut fiirMeereskunde lnstitut fiir Meereskunde an der UniversitatKiel der Universitat Hamburg an der UniversitatKiel DiisternbrookerWeg 20 Troplowitzstrasse 7 DiistembrookerWeg 20 24105 Kiel 22529 Hamburg 24105Kiel

Dr A. Kiinitzer Mr C. Mollmann Dr H. Rumohr Federal Environmental Agency lnstitut fiirMeereskunde Institut fiirMeereskunde Bismarckplatz1 an der UniversitatKiel an der UniversitatKiel 14193 Berlin DiisternbrookerWeg 20 DiisternbrookerWeg 20 24105 Kiel 24105Kiel

Dr T. Lang MrK. Mussaflam MrM. Ruth Inst. f. Fischereiokologie Schwanebeck Str. 64 lnstitut fiirMeereskunde BF A f. Fischerei 24113 Kiel an der UniversitatKiel Deichstrasse 12 DiisternbrookerWeg 20 27472 Cuxhaven 24105Kiel

MrK. Lange Prof. W. Nellen** Prof. D. Schnack Bundesforschungsanstalt f. lnstitut fiir Hydrobiologie und lnstitut fiirMeereskunde Fischerei Fischereiwissenschaft an der UniversitatKiel lnstitut fiir Fischereitechnik Olbersweg 24 DiistembrookerWeg 20 Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg 24105Kiel 22767 Hamburg

��------Mr U. Lange Dr Th. Neudecker Mr B. Schneider Biol. Anstalt Helgoland Bundesforschunganstalt f. Baltic Sea Research Institute Notkestrasse 31 Fischerei Seestrasse 15 22607 Hamburg lnstitut fiirSeefischerei 18115 Rostock-Warnemiinde Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg

Mr H.J. Lehnhart Mr S. Neuenfeldt Dr R. Schneider lnstitut fiirMeereskunde Institut fiirMeereskunde Baltic Sea Research Institute der Universitat Hamburg an der UniversitatKiel Seestrasse 15 Troplowitzstrasse 7 DiisternbrookerWeg 20 18115 Rostock-Warnemiinde 22529 Hamburg 24105Kiel

Mr N. Schulz Dr R. Sonntag Mr R. Voss lnstitut fiir Ostseefischerei Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Institut fiir Meereskunde An der Jagerbak 2 UniversitatKiel an der UniversitatKiel 18069 Rostock-Marienehe Weftstr. 10 DiisternbrookerWeg 20 25761 Biisum 24105Kiel

DrW. Schwarzback Dr A. Temming DrW.Weber Friedensalle 18 Bundesforschunganstalt f. Bundesforschungsanstalt 22765 Hamburg Fischerei f. Fischerei lnstitut fiir Seefischerei Inst. f. Seefischerei Palmaille 9 Wischhofstrasse 1 22767 Hamburg 24148 Kiel

343 MrM. Seaman Ms A.D. Tuyet Dr G. Witt Institut fiirMeereskunde Institut fiirMeereskunde Baltic Sea Research Institute an der Universitat Kiel an der Universitat Kiel Seestrasse 15 DiisternbrookerWeg 20 Dept. of Fishery Biology 18115 Warnemiinde 24105 Kiel DiisternbrookerWeg 20 24105 Kiel

Prof. Ulrich Sommer Institut fiirMeereskunde an der Universitat Kiel DiisternbrookerWeg 20 24105 Kiel

ICELAND/ISLANDE

Mr T. Antonsson Mr L. Jonsson Mr J. Sturlaugsson Institute of Fisheries and Dept. of Physiology Institute of Fisheries and Agriculture Research University of Iceland Agriculture Research Vagnhofda7 Vatnsmyrarvegur16 Vagnhofda 7 112 Reykjavik 101 Reykjavik 112 Reykjavik

Dr O.S. Astthorsson** Dr J.Magnusson Dr K. Thorisson Marine Research Institute Marine Research Institute Marine Research Institute P.O. Box 1390 P.O. Box 1390 P.O. Box 1390 Slailagata 4 Slailagata 4 Slailagata4 121 Reykjavik 121 Reykjavik 121 Reykjavik

Mr S. Gudbjornsson Dr J.V. Magnusson Mr G. Thorsteinsson Stjornu Oddi h.f. Marine Research Institute Marine Research Institute Grandagardur 5 P.O. Box 1390 P.O. Box 1390 101 Reykjavik Slailagata4 Slailagata4 121 Reykjavik 121 Reykjavik

Mr E. Haursson Dr G. Marteinsd6ttir Mr V. Thorsteinsson Marine Research Institute Marine Research Institute Marine Research Institute P.O. Box 1390 P.O. Box 1390 P.O. Box 1390 Slailagata 4 Slailagata4 Slailagata4 121 Reykjavik 121 Reykjavik 121 Reykjavik

Mr A. Isaksson Dr G. Stefansson Inst. of Freshwater Fisheries Marine Research Institute Vagnhofda 7 P.O. Box 1390 112 Reykjavik Slailagata4 121 Reykjavik

Prof. J. Jakobsson* Marine Research Institute P.O. Box 1390 Slailagata 4 121 Reykjavik

344 IRELAND/IRELANDE

Mr J. Browne* Mr M. Harvey Mr B. O'Connor Dept. of the Marine University College Dublin Aqua-Fact International Fisheries Res. Centre Belfield 12 Kilkerrin Park Abbots town Dublin 4 Liosbaun Dublin 15 Galway

Miss J. Doyle Dr P. Hillis Dr E. Rogan Dept. of the Marine Dept. of the Marine Zoology Department Fisheries Res. Centre Fisheries Res. Centre UniversityCollege Abbotstown Abbotstown Lee Maltings, Prospect Row Dublin 15 Dublin 15 Cork

Mr D. de G. Griffith* Department of theMarine Leeson Lane Dublin 2

LATVIA/LETTONIE

Ms T. Baranova Mr G. Kornilovs Dr Maris Vitins* Latvian Fish. Res. Inst. Latvian Fish. Res. Inst. Latvian Fish. Res. Inst. Daugavgrivas Street 6 Daugavgrivas Street 6 Daugavgrivas Street 6 LV-1007 Riga LV-1007 Riga LV-1007 Riga

Ms M. Fetter Dr N. Riekstins* Latvian Fish. Res. Inst. National Board of Fisheries Daugavgrivas Street 6 Ministry of Agriculture LV-1007 Riga 63, K. Valdemara Street 1142 Riga

NETHERLANDS/PAYS-BAS

Dr C.J.A. Barel Dr N. Daan Mr B. van Marlen Ministryof Agriculture Netherlands Institute for Netherlands Institute for and Fisheries Fisheries Research Fisheries Research P.O. Box 20401 P.O. Box68 P.O. Box 68 2500 EX TheHague 1970 AB Umuiden 1970 AB IJmuiden

Prof. N. Daan Dr R. Dijkema Mr P.H.A. Hoogweg* Netherlands Institute for Netherlands Institute for Nat. Inst. forCoastal and Fisheries Research Fisheries Research Marine Management/RIKZ P.O. Box68 P.O. Box68 P.O. Box 20907 1970 AB Umuiden 1970 ABIJmuiden 2500 EX Den Haag

Mr F.A. van Beek Dr S.J. de Groot Mr T. Prins Netherlands Institute for Netherlands Institute for NIOO-CEMO Fisheries Research Fisheries Research c/o P.O. Box 2039 P.O. Box68 P.O. Box68 4330 EA Middelburg 1970 AB IJmuiden 1970 AB IJmuiden

345 Ms M. Bruisschaart Dr J.W.D.M. Henfling* Ms E.H. Ries Netherlands Institute for Netherlands Institute for Inst. forForestry and Nature Fisheries Research Fisheries Research Research P.O. Box68 P.O. Box68 P.O. Box 167 1970 AB Umuiden 1970 AB Umuiden 1790 AD Den Burg

Mr A. Corten Dr R. Jacobs NetherlandsInstitute for Shell InternationalPetroleum Fisheries Research B. V., Health Safety and P.O. Box68 Environment Division 1970 AB Umuiden Postbus 162 2501 The Hague

NORWAY/NORVEGE

Ms T. Bekkby Dr L.P. Hansen Dr I. Martinez Norwegian Institute forNature Norwegian Inst. for Nature Norwegian Institute of Fisheries Research Research and Aquaculture P.O. Box 1037, Blindern Tungasletta 2 P.O. Box2511 0315 Oslo 7004 Trondheim 9002Troms0 Mr A. Bjordal Ms P. Kupka Hansen Ms K. Michalsen Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box1870 Nordnes Dept. of Aquaculture P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen P.O. Box1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen

Dr A. Bj0rge Mr E. Hoell Dr E. Moksness Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research Norsk Hydro Research Centre Inst. of Marine Research -�---- P.O. Box 1037 Blindern P.O. Box2560 Fl0devigen Marine Res. Station 0315 Oslo 3900 Porsgrunn 4817 His, Arendal

Mr H. Bj0rke Prof. J.C. Holm Mr T. Monstad Institute of Marine Research Inst. of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box1870 Nordnes Austevoll Aquaculture Res. Station P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen 5392 Storeb0 5024 Bergen

Dr J. Blindheim Mr I. Huse Prof. J. Mork Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research University of Trondheim P.O. Box1870 Nordnes P.O. Box1870 Nordnes Trondheim Biological Station 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen Bynesveien 46 7018 Trondheim

Dr J.S. Christiansen Mr T. Jakobsen Prof. M. Mork Norsk Inst. forFiskeri- og Institute of Marine Research University of Bergen Havbruksforskning AS P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Geophysical Institute Postboks 2511 5024 Bergen Allegaten 70 9002Troms0 5007 Bergen

Mr D. Danielssen Prof. M. Jobling Mr 0. Nakken Inst. of Marine Research The Norwegian College of Institute of Marine Research Fl0devigen Marine Res. Station Fishery Science P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 4817 His, Arendal University of Troms0 5024 Bergen 9037 Troms0

346 Mr A. Ervik Mr A. Johannessen Mr K. Nedreaas Institute of Marine Research University of Bergen Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Dept. of Fisheries and P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen Marine Biology 5024 Bergen Bergen High TechnologyCenter 5020 Bergen

Dr K. Foote Dr B. Jonsson Prof. K. Olsen* Institute of Marine Research Norwegian Inst. for Nature The NorwegianCollege of P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Research Fishery Science 5024 Bergen Tungasletta 2 University of Troms0 7004Trondheim 9037 Troms0

Mr P. Fossum Ms G.Aa. Kuhnle Mr G. Ottersen Institute of Marine Research Directorate of Fisheries Institute of Marine Research P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 185 P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen 5001Bergen 5024 Bergen

Mr L. Feyn Mr H. Loeng Prof. E. Sakshaug Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research Trondheim Biological Station P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes University of Trondheim 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen The Museum, Bynesveien 46 7018 Trondheim

Mr S. Skreslet Mr K. Stange Ms A. K. Veim Bod0College Institute of Marine Research Norwegian Directorateof Fisheries 8002 Bod0 P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes Strandgt 185 5024 Bergen 5010 Bergen

Mr E. Slinde Mr E. Svendsen MrC.W. West Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research �-..� P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen

Mr P. Solemdal MrR. Vaage* Ms A. Woll Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research M0reforskning P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes P.O. Box 5075 5024 Bergen 5024 Bergen 6021 Alesund

POLAND/POLOGNE

Dr R. Bartel Dr W. Moderhak Dr J. Piechura Inland Fisheries Institute Sea Fisheries Institute Inst. of Oceanography PAS Redute 2, bik 5 ul. Kollataja 1 ul. Powstanicow W-uy 55 80-761 Gdansk 81-372 Gdynia 81-712 Sopot

Dr B. Draganik Dr J. Netzel Ms E. Wlodarczyk Sea Fisheries Institute Sea Fisheries Institute Sea Fisheries Institute ul. Kollataja 1 ul. Kollataja 1 ul. Kollataja 1 81-372 Gdynia 81-372 Gdynia 81-372 Gdynia

Dr T. Linkowski* Sea Fisheries Institute ul. Kollataja 1 81-372 Gdynia

347 PORTUGAL

Ms Ana Maria Caratl!elo Ms M. F. Luz Guia Dr F. Porteiro IPIMAR Edificio Vasco da Gama Dept. of Oceanography and Avenida de Brasilia Alcantara-Mar Fisheries 1400 Lisbon 1350 Lisbon University of the Azores 9900Horta, Azores

Ms M.E. Cunha Dr G. Pestana* Mr P.J. Talhadas dos Santos IPIMAR IPIMAR Instituto de Zoologia Avenida de Brasilia A venida de Brasilia Faculdade de Ciencias 1400 Lisbon 1400 Lisbon P. Gomes Teixeira 4050 Porto Dr J. Gon�alves Dept. of Oceanography and Fisheries University of the Azores 9900 Horta, Azores

RUSSIA/RUSSIE

Dr G.A. Borokov Ms T.I. Bulgakova Dr Y. Efimov Russian Federal Res. Inst. Russian Federal Res. Inst. Russian Federal Res. Inst. of Fisheries & Oceanography of Fisheries & Oceanography of Fisheries & Oceanography 17, V erkhne Krasnoselskaya 17, VerkhneKrasnoselskaya 17, Verkhne Krasnoselskaya Moscow 107140 Moscow 107140 Moscow 107140

Dr A.A. Elizarov* Dr V. Ojigine Ms I. Tcharomskaia Russian Federal Res. Inst. PINRO Ministry of Science and of Fisheries & Oceanography 6, Knipovitch Street Technology Policy of 17, Verkhne Krasnoselskaya 183767 Murmansk theRussian Federation Moscow 107140 11, Tverskaya Street Moscow 103905

Mr N. Kravchuk Dr V.N. Shleinik Dr N. Yaragina The Russian Embassy in Denmark PINRO PINRO Kristianiagade 5 6, Knipovitch Street 6, Knipovitch Street Copenhagen, Denmark 183767 Murmansk 183767 Murmansk

Dr G. Nesvetova Dr S.A. Studenetsky* PINRO Russian Federal Res. Inst. 6, Knipovitch Street of Fisheries & Oceanography 183767 Murmansk 17, Verkhne Krasnoselskaya Moscow 107140

SPAIN/ESPAGNE

Dr (Ms) J. Castellvi Dr E. Lopez-Jamar Ms C. Porteiro lnstituto de Ciencias del Mar Centro Oceanografico Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia Juan de Borb6 s/n Apdo 130 Centro Oceanografico de Vigo 08039 Barcelona 15080 LaCorufia Apdo 1552 36280 Vigo

348 Mr 0. Cendrero* Ms T. Nunes MsB. Reguera Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia lnstituto Espanol de Oceanografia Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia Laboratorio de Santander Centro Oceanografico de Vigo Centro Oceanografico de Vigo Apdo 240 Apdo 1552 Apdo 1552 39080 Santander 36280 Vigo 36280 Vigo

Mr A. Fernandez Mr J.B. Peleterio Mr R. Robles* lnstituto Espanol de Oceanografia Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia A vda delBrasil 31 Centro Oceanografico de Vigo A vda delBrasil 31 28020 Madrid Apdo 1552 28020 Madrid 36280 Vigo

Dr A.F. Gonzalez Ms C. Perales Mr L. Santiago Instituto de Investigaciones Centro Oceanografico Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia Marinas Apdo 1373 Centro Oceanografico de Vigo Eduardo Cabello 6 38080 Santa-Cruz-de-Tenerife Apdo 1552 36208 Vigo 36280 Vigo

Dr J. Iglesias Ms P. Pereda Prof. J.L. Suarez de Vivero Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia Opt de GeografiaHumana Centro Oceanografico de Vigo Laboratorio de Santander Universidad de Sevilla Apdo 1552 Apdo 240 Maria de Padilla sin 36280 Vigo 39080 Santander 41004 Sevilla

Ms A. Lavin Mr F.J. Pereiro Mr A. S. Uriarte Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia AZTI Laboratorio de Santander Centro Oceanografico de Vigo Avda. Satrustegui8 Apdo 240 Apdo 1552 20008 San Sebastian 39080 Santander 36280 Vigo

Dr A.R. de Leon Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia A vda. delBrasil 31 28020 Madrid

SWEDEN/SUEDE

ProfessorH. Ackefors Ms K. Jansson Ms Agneta Persson Department of Zoology Statens Naturvardsverk Dept. of MarineBotany University of Stockholm 106 48 Stockholm Carl Skottsbergsgata 22 106 91 Stockholm 413 19 Gothenburg

Mr S. Carlberg MrB. Karlsson Ms Anna Persson SMHI Department of MarineBotany Dept. of MarineBotany Oceanographic Laboratory Carl Skottsbergsgatan22 Carl Skottsbergsgata22 Byggnad31, Nya Varvet 413 19 Gothenburg 413 19 Gothenburg 426 71 Vastra Frolunda

Mr H. Dahlin Prof. L. Karlsson MrB. Sjostrand SMHI Laxforskningsinstitutet Institute of Marine Research 60176 Norrkoping 810 70 Alvkarleby Box4 453 21 Lysekil

DrB.I. Dybem Dr 6. Karlstrom Mr J. Szaron Institute of Marine Research Fiskeriverket SMHI Box4 Skeppsbrogatan 9 Oceanographic Laboratory 453 21 Lysekil 972 38 Lulea Byggnad31, Nya Varvet 426 71 Vastra Frolunda

349 Dr L. Edler Dr P.0. Larsson Prof. J. Thulin* SMHI Institute of Marine Research Institute of Marine Research Doktorsgatan 9D Box4 Box4 262 52 Angelholm 453 21 Lysekil 453 21 Lysekil

Mr O. Hagstrom Dr I. Olsson* Prof. I. W allentinus Institute of Marine Research National Board of Fisheries Dept. of Marine Botany Box4 Box 423 Carl Skottsbergsgatan 22 453 21 Lysekil 401 26 Gothenburg 413 19 Gothenburg

Dr L. Hernroth Kristinebergs Marina Forskningstation 450 34 Fiskebackskil

UNITED KINGDOM/ROYAUME-UNI

Prof. P.R. Boyle Ms S. Davies Dr P.W. Greig-Smith University of Aberdeen University of Aberdeen Fisheries Laboratory Dept. of Zoology Dept. of Zoology LowestoftNR33 OHT Tillydrone Avenue Tillydrone Avenue Suffolk Aberdeen AB9 2TN Aberdeen AB9 2TN

Dr M. Collins Dr N.C. Eno Dr S.J. Hall University of Aberdeen Joint Nature Conservation Committee Marine Laboratory Dept. of Zoology Monkstone House, City Road P.O. Box101 Tillydrone Avenue Peterborough PEl lJY Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 2TN Cambridge Aberdeen AB9 8DB

Dr R.M. Cook Dr J.D.M. Gordon Dr J. Harwood Marine Laboratory Scottish Association for Marine Sea Mammal Research Unit ---�--� P.O. Box101 Science c/o BAS, Madingley Road Victoria Road P.O. Box3 Cambridge CB3 OET Aberdeen AB9 8DB Oban, Argyll PA34 4RF

Mr K. Hayes Dr A.H. McVicar Mr H. D� Smith ICIT Marine Laboratory Department of Maritime Studies and Old Academy P.O. Box101 International Transport Bark Road Victoria Road uwcc Stromness, Orkney KW16 3AW Aberdeen AB9 8DB P.O. Box 901 Scotland Scotland CardiffCFl 34R

Dr B.R. Howell Dr G. Pierce Dr P.A.M. Stewart** MAFF Fisheries Lab. Dept of Zoology Marine Laboratory Benarth Road University of Aberdeen P.O. Box101 Conway Gwynedd LL32 SUB Tillidrone Avenue Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 2TN Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland

Mr Shingo Kimura Prof. J.G. Pope* Dr T.K. Stokes University of Wales Fisheries Laboratory Fisheries Laboratory Bangor Lowestoft NR33 OHT Lowestoft NR33 OHT Suffolk Suffolk --- Dr P. Kingston Dr L. Rickards Dr G. Topping Institute of Offshore Engineering Proudman Oceanograhic Marine Laboratory Heriot-Watt University Laboratory P.O. Box 101 Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS Bidston Observatory Victoria Road Scotland Birkenhead, Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Merseyside L43 7RA

350 Ms E. MacDonald Dr P. G. Rodhouse Mr C.E. Tucker Marine Laboratory British Antarctic Survey Sea Fish Industry Authority P.O. Box 101 High Cross, Madingley Road 18 Logie Mill Victoria Road Cambridge CB3 OET Logie Green Road Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Edinburgh, Scotland

Mr D.N. MacLennan* Ms B. Santos Mr W. Turrell Marine Laboratory University of Aberdeen Marine Laboratory P.O. Box 101 Dept. of Zoology P.O. Box101 Victoria Road Tillydrone Avenue Victoria Road Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Aberdeen AB9 2TN, Scotland Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland

Dr P. Matthiessen Mr E.J. Simmonds Dr C. Wardle Fisheries Laboratory Marine Laboratory Marine Laboratory Remembrance Avenue P.O. Box 101 P.O. Box 101 Burnham- on-Crouch Victoria Road Victoria Road EssexCM0 SHA Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland

Prof. J. McGlade Dept. of Biological Sciences EAM Group University ofWarwick Coventry CV 4 7 AL

USA/ETATS-UNIS

Dr E. D. Anderson Dr E. Chesney Dr D .L. Erickson Northeast Fisheries Science Center University of Maryland University ofWashington NMFS/NOAA Chesapeake Biological Lab. Fisheries Research Institute Woods Hole, MA 02543 Box38 P.0. Box 357980 Solomons, MD 20688 Seattle, Washington

Prof. J. Carlton Mr D. Christensen MrW. Folsom Maritime Studies Program Northeast Fisheries Science Center Office of International Affairs TheWilliams College NMFS/NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service P.O. Box 6000 Woods Hole, MA 02543 1315 East-West Highway Mystic Seaport Silver Spring, MD 20910 Mystic, CT 06355-0990

Dr P. Franks Dr D. K. Kimura Dr F.M. Serchuk Scripps Institution of Alaska Fisheries Science Center NortheastFisheries Science Center Oceanography NMFS/NOAA NMFS/NOAA La Jolla, CA 92093-0218 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Woods Hole, MA 02543 Seattle, WA 98115- 0070

Dr K. Friedland DrW.K. Macy Dr K. Sherman Northeast Fisheries Science Center Graduate School of Oceanography Narragansett Laboratory NMFS/NOAA University of Rhode Island NMFS/NOAA Woods Hole, MA 02543 SouthFerry Road 28 Tarzwell Drive Narragansett, RI 02882 Narragansett, RI 02882-1199

Mr R.M. Gaudiosi Mr G. Matlock Dr M. Sissenwine* Commandant (G- MRO-2) NMFS/NOAA NMFS/NOAA US Coast Guard 1315 East-West Highway 1335 East West Highway 2100 2nd Street S.W. Silver Spring, MD 20910 Silver Spring, MD 20910 Washington, DC 20593

351 Mr H. Gollamudi Mr R. Mayo Mr L. David Smith Dept. of Agriculture Economics Northeast Fisheries Science Center Marine Science Center Ohio State University NMFS/NOAA Northeastern University 2120 Fyffe Road Woods Hole, MA 02543 East Point, Nahant, MA 01907 Columbus, OH 43214

Dr A.J. Hermann Mr B. Megrey Dr J .H. Steele* Pacific Marine Environmental NMFS/NOAA Woods Hole Oceanographic Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center Institution 7600 Sand Point Way NE 7600Sand Point Way N.E. Woods Hole, MA 02543 Seattle, WA 98115 Seattle, WA 98115-0070

Ms S. Hinkley Prof. T .R. Osborn Ms Sandra J. Sutherland Alaska Fisheries Science Center Dept. of Earth and Planetary Box 200 NMFS/NOAA Sciences Graduate School of Oceanography, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. The Johns Hopkins University URI Seattle, WA 98115-0070 Baltimore, MD 2121� Narragansett, RI 02882

Dr D.V. Holliday Dr M. Reeve** Dr P. Taylor Tracor Applied Sciences National Science Foundation Ocean Science Division 9150 Chesapeake Drive Ocean Science Division National Science Foundation San Diego, CA 92123 Room 723 4201 Wilson Blvd, Suite 725 Arlington, VA 22230 Arlington, VA 22230

Prof. E. Houde Dr Jean B. Rogers Mr W.C. Walton University of Maryland NWFSC/NMFS/NOAA Smithsonian Environmental Research Chesapeake Biol. Lab. 2725 Montlake Blvd East Center Box 38 Seattle, WA 98112-2097 P.O. Box 28 Solomons, MD 20688 Edgewater, MD 21037

Dr L.S. Incze Prof. B. Rothschild Dr G. Waring Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Marine Science, Environment and Northeast Fisheries Science Center ------Sciences Technology NMFS/NOAA West Boothbay Harbor University of Massachussetts Woods Hole, MA 02543 Maine 04575 Dartmouth 285 Old WestportRoad NorthDartmouth MA 02747-2300

Ms J.M. Kelly Ms B. Pollard Rountree Dr F. Werner 6508 42nd A venue NE Northeast Fisheries Science Center Marine Science Program Seattle, WA 98115 NMFS/NOAA 12-7 Venable Hall CB #3300 Woods Hole, MA 02543 The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3300

Mr D. Kimball Dr G.M. Ruiz Dr. H. Windom US Fish and Wildlife Service- FFA Smithsonian Environmental Research Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography 300 Westgate Ctr Drive Center Ocean Science Circle Hadley, MA 01035 P.O. Box 28 Savannah, Georgia 31411 Edgewater, MD 21037

352 OBSERVERS

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Ms T. Stone European Association of Fisheries Programme (AMAP) Australian Fisheries Management Economists (EAFE) Authority Mr L.0. Reiersen P.O. Box 7051 Dr Paul Hillis P.B. 8100 Dep Canberra ACT 2610 Department of theMarine 0032 Oslo Australia Fisheries Research Centre Norway Abbotstown Dublin 15 Ireland

Atlantic Salmon Trust Dr A.H. Taylor, European Commission (EC) B.H.P. Transport Dr J. Webb 600 Bourke Street Mr W.J. Brugge, Atlantic Salmon Trust Melbourne VIC 3000 Mr A. Cervantes Moulin, Pitlochry Australia European Commission Pertshire PH16 5JQ Directorate General XIV United Kingdom Fisheries Rue de la Loi 1049 Brussels Belgium

Australia Baltic Marine Biologists (BMB) Dr R. Gofii EC Dr C. Hewitt, Dr B.I. Dybern Directorate General XII Mr R. Martin, Institute of Marine Research Science, Research & Development Dr R. Thresher, Box4 200, rue de la Loi Dr P. Young 453 21 Lysekil I 049 Brussels, CSIRO Sweden Belgium GPO Box 1538 Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia

Dr G.M. Hallegraeff Baltic Marine Environment European Environment Agency Dept. Plant Science Protection Commission (EEA) University of Tasmania GPO Box252C Mr A. Kowalewski, Dr N. Thyssen Hobart, Tasmania 7000 Ms E.L. Poutanen EEA Australia HELCOM Kongens Nytorv 6 Katajanokanlaituri 6B 1050 Copenhagen K 00160 Helsinki Denmark Finland

Dr G .R. Rigby Commission for the Conservation of European Inland Fisheries Advisory BHP Research - New Castle Antarctic Marine Living Resources Commission (EIFAC) Laboratories P.O. Box 188 Dr I. Lutchman-Hoggarth, Prof. J.P. Tuunainen Wallsend 2287 N.S.W. Ms A.D. Schmidt-van Dorp Finnish Game and Fisheries Australia WWF Research Institute Panda House Fisheries Div. Weyside Park 00151 Helsinki Godalming, Surrey GU7 lXR Finland United Kingdom

353 Food and Agriculture International Association for New Zealand Organisation (FAO) Biological Oceanography (IABO) National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. Mr A.R. Smith Prof. A. McIntyre FAO, Fisheries Dept. University of Aberdeen MsJ. Hayden Via delle Terme di Caracalla Department of Zoology NIWAR 00100 Rome Tillydrone Avenue P.O. Box 8602 Italy Aberdeen AB9 2TN Christchurch United Kingdom New Zealand

Greece International Baltic Sea MrJ.L. McKoy Fishery Commission (IBSFC) Ministry of Fisheries Dr A. Eleftheriou P.O. Box 297 Institute of Marine Biology DrW. Ranke Wellington, P.O. Box 2214 IBSFC New Zealand Heraklion 71003, Crete ul. Hoza 20 Greece 00-528Warsaw Poland

Instituto National de Investigacion International Center for Living North Atlantic Salmon y Desarollo Pesquero (INIDEP) Aquatic Resources (ICLARM) Conservation Organization (NASCO) Dr R.P.Sanchez Dr V. Christensen INIDEP Danish Institute for Dr M. Windsor, Pasco Victoria Ocampo No. 1 Fishery Research Dr P. Hutchinson Mar de! Plata 7600 P.O. Box 101 NASCO Argentina 9850 Hirtshals 11, Rutland Square Denmark Edinburgh EH1 2AS United Kingdom

Intergovernmental Oceanographic International Institute of Fisheries South Africa Commission (IOC) Economics & Trade Dr M.K.E.W. Kerstan and Mr H. Enevoldsen Dr Paul Hillis Dr A.I.L. Payne IOC Science and Communication Department of the Marine Sea Fisheries Research Institute Centre on Harmful Algae Fisheries Research Centre Private Bag x2 Universityof Copenhagen Abbotstown Rogge Bay 8012 0ster Farimagsgade 2D Dublin 15 South Africa 1353 Copenhagen K Ireland Denmaryk

International Arctic Science International Maritime Statistical Office of the European Committee Commission (IMO) Communities (EUROSTA T)

Prof. P. Mfilkki Dr M.K. Nauke Mr H.G. Baggendorff, Finnish Institute of IMO Mr H. Becker, Marine Research 4 Albert Embankment Ms S. Bos, P.O. Box 33 London SEl 7SR Mr D. Cross, 00931 Helsinki United Kingdom Ms A. Leniger Finland EUROSTAT Jean Monnet Building B.P. 1907 Kirchberg Luxembourg

354 The Fisheries Society of the World Wide Fund forNature British Isles (WWF)

Prof. J.H.S. Bla�:ter Dr I. Lutchman-Hoggarth, DunstaffnageMarine Laboratory Dr A.D. Schmidt-van Dorp P.O. Box 3 WWF Oban, Argyll PA34 4AD Panda House, Weyside Park United Kingdom Godalming, Surrey GU7 lXR United Kingdom

GUESTS/HOTES

Mrs Kathy Beverton Dr V. Serebryakov Prof. Wann-Nian Tzeng "Montana" A. Nelumba Department of Zoology Old Roman Road F. Vaz Velho College of Science Langtstone, Gwent NP6 2JU L. Constanca National Taiwan University United Kingdom N'Kossy Luyeye Taipei, Taiwan 10617 V. Filip Republic of China Instituto de Investigayao Pesqueira Ilha de Luanda, C.P. 83 Luanda, Angola

Dr I.K.K. Chan Mag. Jens Smed Mr C. Kong-Chu Wong Zoology Department Bygtoften 17 Department of Zoology 3 lc Hui Oi Chow, Science Building 2800 Lyngby 31c Hui Oi Chow, Science Building The University of Hong Kong Denmark University of Hong Kong Pokfulan Road Pokfulan Road Hong Kong Hong Kong

Dr H. Nakata Ms L.S.H. Soares Ocean Research Institute Instituto Oceanografico-USP University of Tokyo Praca do Oceanografico 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano 191 Butanta Tokyo 164 Sao Paulo - SP Japan Brazil

EXIIlBITORS

Dr David Solomon Ms·H. Verhagen NMT International Ltd Elsevier Science Foundry Farm Molenwerf 1 Kiln Lane, Redlynch 1014 AD Amsterdam Salisbury, Wilts SP5 2HT Netherlands United Kingdom

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355 OFFICIALS OF THE COUNCIL/L'ADMINISTRATEURS DU CONSEIL

President/President Chairman of the Advisory Editor, ICES Journalof Marine Committee on FisheryManagement Science/Redacteur, Journaldu M A. Maucorps (ACFM)/President du Comite Conseil IFREMER d' Avis sur la Gestion de Peche Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu Prof. J.H.S. Blaxter B.P. 1105 Mr E. Kirkegaard Durnstaffnage Marine Laboratory 434311 Nantes Cedex 03 Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser P.O. Box 3 France Charlottenlund Slot Oban, Argyll PA34 4AD 2920 Charlottenlund Scotland Denmark

Chairman of Consultative Chairman of the Advisory Assistant Editor, ICES Journal of Committtee/President du Committee on the Marine Marine Science/Redacteur Comite Consultatif Environment (ACME)/President du Adjoint, Journaldu Conseil Comite d' Avis sur Dr R.C.A. Bannister l'Environnement Marin Mr J. Ramster MAFF, Fisheries Laboratory MAFF, Fisheries Laboratory Lowestoft Dr K. Richardson Lowestoft Suffolk, NR33 OHT Danmarks Fiskeriunders0gelser Suffolk NR33 OHT United Kingdom Charlottenlund Slot United Kingdom 2920 Charlottenlund Denmark

SECRETARIAT STAFF/PERSONNELDU SECRETARIAT

Mrs Jytte Andersen-Rosenda! Mrs Melodie Karlson Dr Janet F. Pawlak Mr Ingolf Bache Mrs Gorel Kjeldsen Mrs Gillian Post Dr Roger S. Bailey Mrs Eva Lindblom (part-time) Mrs Judith Rosenmeier Dr Harry D. Dooley Mr J0rgen Meller Christensen Mr Henrik Sparholt Ms Karin Bundgaard (part-time) Mrs Inger Lutzlwft Mr Edgar Thomasson Prof. Christopher C.E. Hopkins Mrs Margaret Moody Mrs Claire Welling (part-time) Mr Garry Hopwood Mr Wim Panhorst (part-time)

356