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The Newest Generation Leading the Gay Civil Rights

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The Newest Generation Leading the Gay Civil Rights Bay Area LGBTQ+ Millennials: The Newest Generation Leading the Gay Civil Rights Movement A Dissertation by Sara Hall-Kennedy Brandman University Irvine, California School of Education Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership March 2020 Committee in charge: Tamerin Capellino, Ed.D., Committee Chair Carol Holmes Riley, Ed.D. Donald B. Scott, Ed.D. Bay Area LGBTQ+ Millennials: The Newest Generation Leading the Gay Civil Rights Movement Copyright © 2020 by Sara Hall-Kennedy iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you first and foremost to my love, my wife and life partner, Linnea Kennedy, for your endless support, guidance, and wisdom throughout this journey. I am and will be forever grateful for your love. You unselfishly believed in me through one of the most challenging points in your life, and that will always be a part of fulfilling this degree. Thank you to my chair, Dr. C. Your strength and resilience are truly inspiring. I appreciate the two years that you have dedicated to supporting me in this journey. There is no one else I would have been able to travel this road with. You empowered me and resemble the leader that I aspire to become. You were absolutely the best choice. Thank you to my committee members, Dr. Scott and Dr. Riley. Your expertise and input enabled me to make thoughtful decisions throughout this process. Your vision and guidance were exactly what I needed to survive this journey. I appreciate you for taking the time to support me and being patient with me over the last two years. You were the perfect choices to complement my work ethic. To my friends and chosen family, you know who you are—Court, Sasha, Scott, Kristy. You all saved my life once, literally and figuratively. This would not have been possible if you didn’t show up to pull me out of the depression, suicidality, and mania. You gave me a reason to live when I could not find one. There are no words. Thank you to the Kennedy and Grimes families for loving me as I am and treating me as your family. You have all been my biggest fans throughout this process regardless of where you are and your own challenges. I love you deeply. iv Thank you to my parents. You have always been supportive and loving, while allowing me to create my own path in life. Thank you for never shutting me out, and always having a place for me to come home to. The distance you have kept, whether intentional or not, has taught me the independence and resilience that I needed to achieve this goal. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to survive and navigate this world on my own, so that I could find my own path. I love you both! To my OA and Brandman families, you are the most inspiring mentors I could ever ask for. None of this would have been possible without your unwavering support and motivation. I am grateful to have you as friends, teammates, and colleagues, and look forward to changing the world with you. A special thanks from the depths of my soul to the participants who shared their stories for this study. Your lives are special and your voices provide hope for queer youth everywhere. Thank you for allowing me into your space and giving me an opportunity to inspire others through the influence of your experiences. You are loved! As part of working to increase my EQ throughout this doctoral journey, I have been trying to find the balance between recognizing the truth in my existence and reality….with all the struggles, pain, and hurt; with the understanding that I am no more human, powerful, ashamed, or hurt than the next person. This experience has been the most challenging academic endeavor of my life, yet I am grateful to have been able to live through it because I am finally able to understand why my parents chose to bring me into this world. My purpose is no longer unknown. This is for you DSL! I hope you found the peace you were searching for. Thank you for allowing me to be a part of your journey…if even for a moment. v ABSTRACT Bay Area LGBTQ+ Millennials: The Newest Generation Leading the Gay Civil Rights Movement by Sara Hall-Kennedy Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of LGBTQ+ millennials that influenced their participation in the gay civil rights movement in the Bay Area of California. Another purpose of the study was to explore and describe the recommendations LGBTQ+ millennials have for the future of the national gay civil rights movement. Methodology: A qualitative analysis of the data from a combination of both social movements and symbolic interactionism theoretical perspectives was conducted. Data for this study was generated through the synthesis and triangulation of the thematic coding of 12 interviews conducted by the researcher and artifacts collected from Bay Area LGBTQ+ events. Findings: The findings indicated that LGBTQ+ millennials’ lived experiences are unique and their familial, social, cultural, and personal acceptance are determinants of their identity making processes. LGBTQ+ millennials are motivated to participate in the gay civil rights movement by the sacrifices of their LGBTQ+ elders and the desire to maintain equity through representation and visibility. Interviewees recommended that the national gay civil rights movement become more inclusive and move towards a “queer movement” that prioritizes equity for trans, nonbinary, and gender non- conforming people of color. vi Conclusions: The researcher concluded that where an LGBTQ+ identified person is raised, their ability to form positive relationships, and their compassion for LGBTQ+ youth has an effect on their identity making processes. LGBTQ+ millennials value the role that their social, intellectual, and political capital play in influencing the equity in LGBTQ+ legislation. They are willing to take on leadership roles in policymaking, leading the gay civil rights movement into the 21st century by establishing a more inclusive agenda that is equitable for all members of the LGBTQ+ community. Recommendations: The study should be replicated with other generations in the Bay Area of California. Further research should be conducted exploring mental and medical healthcare systems and transphobia. The findings from this study could be utilized to educate LGBTQ+ activists on LGBTQ+ millennials’ desires for the mission, vision, and agenda of the queer movement. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................6 LGBTQ+ Inequality in the United States .................................................................7 Religion, Sexuality, & Body Politics ........................................................................7 The Gay Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. ............................................................9 The Bay Area of California..................................................................................... 11 Heterosexual & Cisgender Allies............................................................................ 12 LGBTQ+ Millennials .............................................................................................. 13 Theoretical Foundation ........................................................................................... 13 Social Movement Theory .................................................................................. 14 Symbolic Interactionism ................................................................................... 14 External Motivators & Identity .................................................................................... 15 Internal Motivators & Identity ..................................................................................... 16 Problem Statement ....................................................................................................... 17 Purpose Statement ........................................................................................................ 20 Central Research Questions ......................................................................................... 20 Sub Questions ......................................................................................................... 20 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................. 21 Definitions.................................................................................................................... 22 Delimitations ................................................................................................................ 25 Organization of the Study ............................................................................................ 25 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .......................................................... 26 Civil Rights Activism & Social Movements in the United States ............................... 27 Key Social Justice Movements ............................................................................... 27 Civil Rights Movement ...................................................................................... 28 Black Social Movements ................................................................................... 28 Extreme Right Movement .................................................................................. 29 Women’s
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