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Jane Addams and the Womenâ•Žs Peace Movement Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II Volume 11 Article 7 2006 In Pursuit of Peace: Jane Addams and the Women’s Peace Movement Elaine Andersonl Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Andersonl, Elaine (2006) "In Pursuit of Peace: Jane Addams and the Women’s Peace Movement," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II: Vol. 11 , Article 7. Available at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol11/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Andersonl: In Pursuit of Peace Although he missed his teaching and scholarly In Pursuit of Peace 1 research, for the following twenty years he played a significant role in developing the financial resources for Santa Clara’s expanding campus and improving In Pursuit of Peace: Jane Addams and educational quality. the Woman’s Peace Movement Today, Fr. Martin remains actively involved in the University and serves as Assistant to the President for University Relations. In recognition of his many Elaine Anderson years of service, the President’s Club recently In the middle of a war they gathered to discuss celebrated Fr. Martin’s ninetieth birthday at their peace. They came from the Netherlands, Norway, annual dinner. Now, as he nears the celebration of his Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, Austria, Great Britain, seventieth anniversary as a Jesuit, his colleagues and Hungary, Germany, Italy, Canada and the United his hundreds of former students join together in States. They traveled across the war-torn lands and expressing our appreciation for all he has contributed through the war-shattered cities of Europe. They to the historical profession, the History Department, sailed across an equally dangerous Atlantic Ocean in and to Santa Clara University. the spring of 1915 to meet at The Hague in the Nether- lands. Why would 1,150 women risk their lives to gather in the midst of war to talk of peace? What were they trying to accomplish? Perhaps, it was because they felt so strongly about the importance of finding a peaceful solution to the misery of war that they were willing to over-look the hardships and dangers of their undertaking. Not satisfied with simply sitting around talking of peace, the delegates to the International Congress of Women also toured the warring European capitals, meeting with representatives from all parties concerned. As Kathryn Kish Sklar and Kari Amidon comment, the overriding goal of the women who attended the Congress was “to promote peace through personal diplomacy.”1 Their chosen leader was social reformer and pacifist Jane Addams, head of the American delegation. On April 13, 1915, forty-seven members of the 1 Kathryn Kish Sklar and Kari Amidon, “How did Women Activists Promote Peace in Their 1915 Tour of Warring European Capitals?” Women and Social Movements, 1600-2000, Website: http://womhist.binghamton.edu/. (4/2005). Published by Scholar Commons, 2006 1 Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II, Vol. 11 [2006], Art. 7 2 Historical Perspectives March 2006 In Pursuit of Peace 3 American delegation to the Hague Conference sailed and the Progressive Party adopted a number of social from New York. Most prominent among the delegates issues in their campaign platform including a plank was social activist Jane Addams. She had long been supporting women’s suffrage. According to Allen known for her work among the lowliest and poorest of Davis, in her involvement with the Progressive Party, Chicago’s citizens. In 1889, Addams and her longtime Jane Addams saw a way “to help the cause of women friend, Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House where, as and to promote woman suffrage.”4 noted by author Daniel Levine, she created “an effec- Addams had her differences with other supporters tive challenge to a view of man as a selfish individual of the woman suffrage movement. Most advocated a engaged in ceaseless battle with other selfish individu- closed system with the vote for upper- and middle- als.”2 As Hull House grew, both in size and reputation, class women. Some even allowed that working-class Addams worked tirelessly on a seemingly endless women should have the vote. Jane Addams, however, parade of social issues. Like so many reform-minded consistently advocated the vote for all women, includ- social workers of the day, Addams joined the struggle ing poor and immigrant women. She maintained that to prohibit child labor, to promote better housing, and immigrant women “needed the vote to protect them- to regulate employment for women. In addition to her selves and their families from exploitation by govern- social work, Jane Addams was active in the women’s ment and society.”5 She would testify before congres- suffrage movement. sional committees and travel extensively through the While she had been an advocate for women’s rights East and Midwest speaking everywhere, arguing for as early as 1897, it wasn’t until 1906 that Addams the vote for all women, rich and poor alike, naturalized became active in the woman suffrage movement itself. citizen as well as native-born. This concern for poor Historian Allen Davis notes that in that year she joined and immigrant women who worked long hours at the National American Suffrage Association. Addams mind-numbing jobs in order to see that their children spoke to women’s clubs, college students, faculties, had a better life was a theme to which Addams re- and “in public lectures [argued] for woman’s right and turned again and again. Mothers and children would responsibility to take a more active roll in government also be at the heart of her pacifism. and society.”3 In 1912, she became involved in the Pacifism had been a part of the American landscape Progressive Party and Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign long before World War I. However, prior to the Great for the presidency. Like many other social reformers, War pacifism had been sectarian in its nature. Ac- Addams saw the Progressive Party as a means to bring cording to historian Charles Chatfield, pacifists had about reform and social justice to America. Roosevelt been “motivated by obedience to religious injunctions against killing and against complying with the mili- 2 Daniel Levine, Jane Addams and the Liberal Tradition. (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1971), 37. 4 Ibid., 184. 3 Allen F. Davis, American Heroine: The Life and Legend of 5 Ibid., 187. Jane Addams. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 188. http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol11/iss1/7 2 Andersonl: In Pursuit of Peace 2 Historical Perspectives March 2006 In Pursuit of Peace 3 American delegation to the Hague Conference sailed and the Progressive Party adopted a number of social from New York. Most prominent among the delegates issues in their campaign platform including a plank was social activist Jane Addams. She had long been supporting women’s suffrage. According to Allen known for her work among the lowliest and poorest of Davis, in her involvement with the Progressive Party, Chicago’s citizens. In 1889, Addams and her longtime Jane Addams saw a way “to help the cause of women friend, Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House where, as and to promote woman suffrage.”4 noted by author Daniel Levine, she created “an effec- Addams had her differences with other supporters tive challenge to a view of man as a selfish individual of the woman suffrage movement. Most advocated a engaged in ceaseless battle with other selfish individu- closed system with the vote for upper- and middle- als.”2 As Hull House grew, both in size and reputation, class women. Some even allowed that working-class Addams worked tirelessly on a seemingly endless women should have the vote. Jane Addams, however, parade of social issues. Like so many reform-minded consistently advocated the vote for all women, includ- social workers of the day, Addams joined the struggle ing poor and immigrant women. She maintained that to prohibit child labor, to promote better housing, and immigrant women “needed the vote to protect them- to regulate employment for women. In addition to her selves and their families from exploitation by govern- social work, Jane Addams was active in the women’s ment and society.”5 She would testify before congres- suffrage movement. sional committees and travel extensively through the While she had been an advocate for women’s rights East and Midwest speaking everywhere, arguing for as early as 1897, it wasn’t until 1906 that Addams the vote for all women, rich and poor alike, naturalized became active in the woman suffrage movement itself. citizen as well as native-born. This concern for poor Historian Allen Davis notes that in that year she joined and immigrant women who worked long hours at the National American Suffrage Association. Addams mind-numbing jobs in order to see that their children spoke to women’s clubs, college students, faculties, had a better life was a theme to which Addams re- and “in public lectures [argued] for woman’s right and turned again and again. Mothers and children would responsibility to take a more active roll in government also be at the heart of her pacifism. and society.”3 In 1912, she became involved in the Pacifism had been a part of the American landscape Progressive Party and Theodore Roosevelt’s campaign long before World War I.
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