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Wind Farm – Kriegers Flak

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Wind Farm – Kriegers Flak This environmental impact assessment for Kriegers flak is procuced by Sweden Offshore Wind AB. Sweden Offshore Wind AB is now incorporated in the Vattenfall Group. Wind Farm – Kriegers Flak ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Sweden Offshore Wind AB Hammarby Fabriksväg 23 120 33 Stockholm Sverige www.swedenoffshore.se CONTENTS Contents 1 Preamble and reader notesr ............................6 5.7.1.3 Spills and pollution ........................................................34 5.7.2 The operational phase ....................................................34 2 Summary ......................................................10 5.7.2.1 Noise and vibrations .......................................................34 5.7.2.2 Clouding and changed sedimentation ............................36 3 Background ..................................................16 5.7.2.3 Spill and pollution ..........................................................36 3.1 The need for new electricity production ......16 5.7.2.4 Light, shadow and reflexes ............................................ 37 5.7.2.5 Barrier effects .................................................................38 3.2 Why wind power ..........................................16 5.7.2.6 Reef effects .....................................................................38 3.3 Why this project ...........................................16 5.7.2.7 Protected area .................................................................38 3.4 Description of Sweden Offshore Wind AB .. 17 5.7.2.8 Hydrographical impact ...................................................38 3.5 Description of the project administration ....18 5.7.2.9 Occupied area .................................................................38 5.7.2.10 Impact on the landscape picture ....................................38 4 Consultation report .......................................20 5.7.3 The dismantling phase ...................................................38 4.1 Early consultation ........................................20 5.7.3.1 Noise and vibrations .......................................................38 5.7.3.2 Clouding and sediment spreading ................................. 38 4.2 Extended consultation ..................................21 5.7.3.3 Spills and pollution ........................................................ 38 5 Description of the wind farm .......................24 6 Project economics ........................................40 5.1 Scope ............................................................24 5.2 Localisation ..................................................25 7 Time table .....................................................42 5.3 Placing of the turbines .................................26 8 Alternative locations ....................................44 5.4 Layout ...........................................................26 5.4.1 The wind turbines ..........................................................26 8.1 Important criteria for choice of location ......44 5.4.2 The foundations ..............................................................27 8.2 Studied locations, description and 5.4.3 Measuring masts ............................................................29 assessment ....................................................46 5.5 Obstacle marking of the turbines .................30 8.2.1 Fladen .............................................................................46 8.2.2 Lilla Middelgrund ..........................................................47 5.6 Description of the different project phases ..30 8.2.3 Stora Middelgrund .........................................................47 5.6.1 The development phase ..................................................30 8.2.4 Norra Midsjöbanken ......................................................48 5.6.2 The construction phase .................................................. 31 8.2.5 Södra Midsjöbanken ......................................................48 5.6.3 The operational phase .................................................... 33 8.2.6 Hoburgs bank .................................................................49 5.6.4 The dismantling phase ................................................... 33 8.2.7 Persgrunden ....................................................................49 5.7 Physical impact on the surroundings ...........34 8.2.8 AB 1 ................................................................................50 5.7.1 The construction phase ..................................................34 8.2.9 Finngrunden ...................................................................51 5.7.1.1 Noise and vibrations .......................................................34 8.2.10 Kriegers Flak ..................................................................52 5.7.1.2 Sediment and sedimentation ..........................................34 CONTENTS 8.3 Comparative discussion ...............................52 11.6.2 Fish ..................................................................................80 8.4 Choice of Kriegers Flak ...............................53 11.6.3 Birds ................................................................................84 11.6.3.1 Resting birds ...................................................................84 9 Alternative layout/scope ................................56 11.6.3.2 Migrating birds ...............................................................85 a) Literature study ..............................................................89 9.1 More turbines in a larger area ......................56 b) Species configuration ....................................................89 9.2 More turbines in the same area ....................56 c) Visual observations ........................................................90 9.3 Fewer turbines ..............................................56 d) Radar study .....................................................................96 9.4 Smaller turbines (less capacity) ...................57 11.6.4 Bats ...............................................................................100 9.5 Larger turbines (higher capacity) ................ 57 11.6.4.1 Resting bats ..................................................................100 11.6.4.2 Migrating bats ..............................................................100 10 The zero alternative ......................................60 11.6.5 Sea living mammals .....................................................101 10.1 National energy supply ................................60 11.6.5.1 Gray seal .......................................................................102 11.6.5.2 Harbour seal .................................................................103 10.2 Environmental impact ..................................60 11.6.5.3 Arctic ring seal .............................................................103 10.2.1 Fossil fuels ......................................................................60 11.7 Cultural environment .................................105 10.2.2 Wind turbines in a different location ............................ 61 11.8 Sea picture/landscape picture ....................105 10.3 The Kriegers Flak area ................................61 11.9 Natural resources .......................................105 10.4 Alternative I to the zero alternative .............61 11.10 Shipping .....................................................106 10.5 Alternative II to the zero alternative ............61 11.10.1 Traffic flow in the southern Baltic ..............................106 11 Area description ...........................................64 11.10.2 Traffic flow at Kriegers Flak .......................................108 11.11 Commercial fishing ...................................108 11.1 Geotechnical/geological description ............65 11.11.1 General about the fishermen in Skåne ........................ 108 11.1.1 General about Kriegers Flak ..........................................66 11.11.2 Fishing in the affected area ..........................................110 11.1.2 Specifics for the chosen area ......................................... 67 11.12 Leisure fishing ...........................................114 11.2 Hydrography ................................................68 11.2.1 Current conditions/salt water inflow in 11.13 Recreation ..................................................114 the Baltic Sea ..................................................................68 11.14 Interest of the defence forces ..................... 114 11.2.2 Salt content, temperature and oxygen level ...................70 11.15 Cables .........................................................114 11.2.3 Visibility depth ...............................................................72 11.2.4 Ice conditions .................................................................72 12 Impact of the wind farm .............................116 11.2.5 Wave height ....................................................................73 12.1 Human health .............................................116 11.2.6 Water level ......................................................................73 12.1.1 Impact ...........................................................................116 11.3 Wind conditions ...........................................74 12.1.2 Mitigating measures .....................................................118 11.4 Visibility conditions .....................................75 12.1.3
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