Library of Congress Men of Progress 1261 3717 Men of Progress: EMBRACING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF Representative Michigan Men WITH AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE DEDICATED TO THE NEWSPAPER PRESS OF MICHIGAN DETROIT, MICH.: PUBLISHED BY THE EVENING NEWS ASSOCIATION 1900 89770 Library of Congress Two Copies Received DEC 17 1900 Copyright entry Nov. 12, 1900 No a 27906 SECOND COPY Delivers to ORDER DIVISION DEC 24 1900 Copyright, 1900, BY THE EVENING NEWS ASSOCIATION. .M55 Press of John F. Eby & Co., 65-69 Congress St. W., Detroit, Mich. PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. Men of Progress is a legitimate fruit of the law of evolution. Modern journalism takes note of events in the history of persons as well as of peoples. When any noteworthy event in the life of a person of prominence in the social or business world occurs, the newspaper press regards it as within the line of its duty to publish a brief sketch of the person, in many cases giving, also, an etching or miniature likeness. When a person pays the last debt of nature, these publications are a source of information to the public, as well as of a satisfaction to friends, and may, in many cases, be valuable as matter of record in cases involving the rights of living persons. Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress The difficulty of procuring information of the character indicated, just at the time when it is wanted, suggested to those connected with publications of The Evening News Association the desirability of the preparation, arrangement and publication of sketches in the form embodied in this work. Primarily, therefore, the work is designed for the convenience of the newspaper press of the State, and hence is, as first stated, a legitimate fruit of the law of evolution. Only a limited number of copies of the work are published. Aside from copies supplied to those directly represented in the work, copies will be placed in the leading libraries and leading newspaper offices of the State, and here its circulation will end. The Evening News Association. INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCHES. THE CIVIL COMMONWEALTH. POSITION AND EARLY HISTORY. Geography and Topography—First European Visitations—A French Dependency—Early Explorations—Roman Catholic Missions—First Permanent Settlement—Territorial Sovereignty—Part of the State of Virginia—Claims of Massachusetts and Connecticut—General George Rogers Clarke—The Western Reserve —Civil Jurisdiction of the United States 1-3 TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT. The Ordinance of 1787—The Governor and Judges— A Landed Qualification—A Legislative Council Provided for—The Territory to Be Formed Into States—First Seat of Government—The Five States of the Nortwest—Michigan as a Separate Territory—Large Grants of Land to Revolutionary Heroes—Comparative Influence of Cities—The Landed Qualification Abrogated 3-4 ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. The Right to Statehood—Adoption of the Constitution and Election of State Officers—Meeting of the Legislature—Election Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress of United States Senators—The Disputed Boundary—Objections to the Admission of the State—Judge Campbell's View of the Case, and Other Authorities—Terms Proposed by Congress—Military Demonstrations—A New Territorial Governor Appointed—The Slavery Question a Factor—Two Conventions of Assent—Final Admission of the State—Calendar of Events Leading Up to Statehood—Seat of Government and State Capitol 5-8 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY HISTORY. First Constitution and Statutes to Those of New York—Method of Choosing State Officers and Judges—Time of Elections —Process of Amendment—Senators and Representatives, How Chosen—Salaries— Constitution of 1850—Legislative in Its Character—Variances from the First Constitution— The More Important Amendments—Constitutional Convention of 1867 and Constitutional Commission of 1873—The Work of Both Rejected by the People—Subsequent Votes on the Question of Ordering a General Convention—Legislative Authority Under the Territory —Compilations of the Statutes in 1822 and 1833—Revised Statutes of 1838 and 1846 —Compilations of 1857—The Howell Compilation—The Miller Compilation—Reprint of Territorial Laws 8-12 THE JUDICIARY. Judges and Courts Under the Territorial Government and Under the First Constitution—Associate Judges in the Counties—Increase in the Number of Circuits —County Courts—The Supreme Court—When Provided for and Organized—Provision for a Fifth Judge—Circuit Court Commissioners and Masters in Chancery 12-13 THE MILITARY RECORD. COLONIAL AND INDIAN WARS. First Conflict on Michigan Soil—One Thousand Indians Slain—Decisive Campaigns Elsewhere—Conspiracy of Pontiac—Battle of Bloody Bridge —Massacre at Mackinac 14-15 THE WAR OF 1812. Indian Discontent—Tecumseh and His Brother, “The Prophet”—The Hull Surrender—Massacre at the River Raisin—Perry's Victory on Lake Erie—Battle of the Thames and Death of Tecumseh—British Occupancy of Detroit—A British Provisional Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress Government—Joint Proclamation by General Harrison and Commodore Perry—Capture of Mackinac Island by the British 15-17 viii THE SHADOW OF TWO WARS. The Toledo War—A Bloodless Campaign—The Patriot War—Canadian Refugees in Detroit—Local Sentiment in Sympathy With Them—efforts of State and Government Officials to Maintain Neutrality—Invasion of Canada at Windsor— Its Disastrous Failure—Participants Hanged and Transported—John H. Harmon—Dr. E. A. Theller 17-18 THE WAR WITH MEXICO. Causes Leading to the War—The Annexation of Texas— Michigan Troop in the War—General Taylor—General Scott—Alleged Political Scheming 18-19 THE GREAT CIVIL WAR. First Steps Taken in Michigan—First Troops Raised— Successive Calls for Troops—Ready Response on the Part of the State—Enlistments, Drafts and Commutations—Whole Number of Troops sent to the Front From Michigan —Table of Enlistments by Counties—Bounty Jumpers—“We are Coming, Father Abraham”—Southern Refugees in Canada—C. L. Vallandigham—Capture of the Philo Parsons—Bennet G. Burley—“Michigan in the War”—A Brief Summary—Tabular Exhibit of Michigan Regiments in the War—The Artillery Service—Col. C. O. Loomis—Grand Army of the Republic 19-25 THE WAR WITH SPAIN. War Loan Authorized—Mobilization of the National Guard— Regiments Mustered In—Summary of Their Service—Gen. Henry M. Duffield—Col. Cornelius Gardener—The Naval reserves 25-26 THE STATE MILITARY. Early Laws on the Subject—General Trainings—Derivation of the Custom—Fell Into Disfavor—Independent Volunteer Companies—Absence of Military Spirit—A Marked Revival Preceding the Civil War—A Demand for Legislation Favorable to the Military—Revision of the Militia Laws—The State Troops—Re-organization After the Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress War—Encampment—Home Service of the State Troops—Michigan National Guard—The Naval Militia—General John E. Schwarz and General John Robertson 26-29 EDUCATIONAL. EARLY AND CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES. The Ordinance of 1787—Land Grants by Congress—Provisions of the State Constitution—First Superintendent of Public Instruction—A Comprehensive System Outlined 30-31 THE STATE UNIVERSITY. Act of Congress, 1804—Judge Woodward's Pedantic Scheme —Second Act of Establishment, 1821—Branches—Local Academies—The Branches Abandoned 31-32 THE UNIVERSITY UNDER STATE CONTROL. Organic Act of 1937—Located at Ann Arbor—Proposed Separate Departments for Females—State Loan for Building Purposes —First Opened in 1842—The First Professorships—Financial Embarrassment—Elements of Hostility—First Graduating Class—Dismissal of Members of the Faculty—Professor Ten Brook's Work 32-34 THE UNIVERSITY UNDER THE NEW REGIME. First Elective Board of Regents— President Tappan—A Feeling of Unfriendliness Toward Him—Tempest Over the Term “Chancellor”—Other Carping Allegations—Fruits of Dr. Tappan's Work—The Astronomical Observatory—The Law Department—Remission of the University Loan—Dr. Angell's Tribute—Removal of Dr. Tappan—President E. O. Haven—Acting President Henry S. Frieze 34-36 THE UNIVERSITY UNDER PRESIDENT ANGELL. Appointment of Dr. Angell—His Diplomatic Service—Acting President Hutchins—Incidents in the History of the University —Admission of Women—Introduction of New Schools and Extension Courses—The Semi-Centennial and the Quarter Centennial of President Angell's Administration—A Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress Comparative Summary—A Metrical Prophecy—Homeopathic Medical College—Annual Revenues—List of Acts Relating to the University 36-38 ix OTHER STATE COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. The Agricultural College—The Normal Schools—College of Mines—Schools for Deaf Mutes And the Blind—Educational and Reformatory Institutions 39-40 THE PRIMARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS. Views of the First Superintendent—Views of Governor Mason—Development of the High School—Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor—Teaching of Foreign and Classical Languages in the Schools—Changes in the School Laws— Comparative School Statistics—Former Superintendents 41-43 THE TRUST FUNDS. Origin of the Trust Funds—First Loaned to Private and Local Interests—Absorbed Into the State Treasury—Constitutional Provision—Tabular Exhibits —Are the Trust Funds a Debt? 43-45 RELIGIOUS TEACHING IN STATE SCHOOLS. Early Sentiment on the Subject—The Historical Ordinance—Condition of an Early Land Purchase—As Related to the Primary Schools—As Related to the University—Views of President Angell, Professor Frieze and President Tappan—The Select Bible Readings 45-49 MATERIAL INTERESTS. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS BY THE STATE. Fanciful Schemes of the Earlier Days —Prophetic of What is Now Seen—Work Projected—The Five Million Loan—Views of Governor Barry—Sale of the Railroads—Abandonment of the System 49-50 BANKING AND CURRENCY. First Effort at Banking—Chartered Banks—General Banking Law of 1837, or “Wild Cat” Banks—Collapse of the System—Scarcity of Bank Currency —Canadian, Indiana and Illinois Notes—General Banking Law of 1857—State Banks of Men of Progress http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.29692 Library of Congress Issue Superseded by National Currency—Shinplasters and State Scrip—Savings Bank, State Banks and National Banks—Tabular Exhibits 50-52 RAILROADS.