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The Community Industry: an Analysis of Reddit and /R/Socialism
THE COMMUNITY INDUSTRY: AN ANALYSIS OF REDDIT AND /R/SOCIALISM Richard Babb A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2021 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Samuel T McAbee, Graduate Faculty Representative Lara Lengel Yanqin Lu © 2021 Richard Babb All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Advisor Social media is an increasingly important space for community formation and interactions. Coinciding with the rise of social media has been an increasing interest in leftist ideologies once outside the mainstream. This analysis seeks to understand the social media site Reddit.com’s enabling and constraining features on the community /r/socialism. Using the communicative theory of identity and Marxist media theory not only to look at Reddit and /r/socialism’s relationship, but five key functions of a media: capital-economic, media sales and media market function, commodity circulation, domination, and the audience. Employing a mixed-methods approach enabled various data to be analyzed and relationally understood. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine user’s salient topics and their uses for the community. Survey methods were deployed to the community to gather demographic data on the /r/socialism community and user opinions on the group’s relationship with Reddit. Finally, secondary documents were analyzed to provide greater context to the other findings. Findings from the content analysis of salient subjects showed a preference for contemporary capitalist critique, socialist quotations, and class issues. However, topics impacting women and other minority groups were light to nonexistent. -
Internetsownboy Transcri
[Music] >>A cofounder of the social, news and entertainment website Reddit has been found dead. >>He certainly was a prodigy, although he never kind of thought of himself like that. >>He was totally unexcited about starting businesses and making money. >>There's a profound sense of loss tonight in Highland Park, Aaron Swartz's hometown, as loved ones say goodbye to one of the Internet's brightest lights. >>Freedom, open access, and computer activists are mourning his loss. >>An astonishing intellect, if you talk to people who knew him. >>He was killed by the government, and MIT betrayed all of its basic principles. >>They wanted to make an example out of him, okay? >>Governments have an insatiable desire to control. >>He was potentially facing 35 years in prison and a one million dollar fine. >>Raising questions of prosecutorial zeal, and I would say even misconduct. Have you looked into that particular matter and reached any conclusions? >>Growing up, you know, I slowly had this process of realizing that all the things around me that people had told me were just the natural way things were, the way things always would be. They weren't natural at all, they were things that could be changed and they were things that, more importantly were wrong and should change. And once I realized that, there was really kind of no going back. >>Welcome to story reading time. The name of the book is "Paddington at the Fair". >>Well, he was born in Highland Park and grew up here. Aaron came from a family of three brothers, all extraordinarily bright. -
Should You Take Investment Advice from Wallstreetbets?
Should You Take Investment Advice From WallStreetBets? Should You Take Investment Advice From WallStreetBets? A DataDriven Approach May 2021 Tolga Buz Gerard de Melo Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Reddit’s WallStreetBets (WSB) community has come to prominence in light of its notable role in affecting the stock prices of what are now referred to as meme stocks. Yet very little is known about the reliability of the highly speculative investment advice disseminated on WSB. This paper analyses WSB data spanning from January 2019 to April 2021 in order to assess how successful an investment strategy relying on the community’s recommenda tions could have been. We detect buy and sell advice and identify the community’s most popular stocks, based on which we define a WSB portfolio. Our evaluation shows that this portfolio has grown approx. 200% over the last three years and approx. 480% over the last year, significantly outperforming the S&P500. The average shortterm accuracy of buy and sell signals, in contrast, is not found to be significantly better than randomly or equally distributed buy decisions within the same time frame. However, we present a tech nique for estimating whether posts are proactive as opposed to reactive and show that by focusing on a subset of more promising buy signals, a trader could have made investments yielding higher returns than the broader market or the strategy of trusting all posted buy signals. Lastly, the analysis is also conducted specifically for the period before 2021 in or der to factor out the effects of the GameStop hype of January 2021 – the results confirm the conclusions and suggest that the 2021 hype merely amplified preexisting characteristics. -
Reddit Quarantined: Can Changing Platform Affordances Reduce Hateful Material Online?
Volume 9 | Issue 4 Reddit quarantined: can changing platform affordances reduce hateful material online? Simon Copland Australian National University [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1516 Published: 21 October 2020 Received: 20 May 2020 Accepted: 6 August 2020 Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist that have influenced the text. Licence: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (Germany) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/deed.en Copyright remains with the author(s). Citation: Copland, S. (2020). Reddit quarantined: can changing platform affordances reduce hateful material online?. Internet Policy Review, 9(4). DOI: 10.14763/ 2020.4.1516 Keywords: Reddit, Affordances, Misogyny, Manosphere, Digital platforms, Online platforms Abstract: This paper studies the efficacy of the Reddit’s quarantine, increasingly implemented in the platform as a means of restricting and reducing misogynistic and other hateful material. Using the case studies of r/TheRedPill and r/Braincels, the paper argues the quarantine successfully cordoned off affected subreddits and associated hateful material from the rest of the platform. It did not, however, reduce the levels of hateful material within the affected spaces. Instead many users reacted by leaving Reddit for less regulated spaces, with Reddit making this hateful material someone else’s problem. The paper argues therefore that the success of the quarantine as a policy response is mixed. 2 Internet Policy Review 9(4) | 2020 This paper is part of Trust in the system, a special issue of Internet Policy Review guest- edited by Péter Mezei and Andreea Verteş-Olteanu. -
Le Site Américain Reddit Comme Espace De Variation De L'anglais
lol thats how reddit talks;) : le site américain Reddit comme espace de variation de l’anglais : étude de corpus intersectionnelle et quantitative d’usages non standard, au prisme du genre, de l’âge et de l’ethnicité Marie Flesch To cite this version: Marie Flesch. lol thats how reddit talks;) : le site américain Reddit comme espace de variation de l’anglais : étude de corpus intersectionnelle et quantitative d’usages non standard, au prisme du genre, de l’âge et de l’ethnicité. Linguistique. Université de Lorraine, 2020. Français. NNT : 2020LORR0192. tel-03129082 HAL Id: tel-03129082 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-03129082 Submitted on 2 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. -
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 图 片来源： 2014
湾区⽇报 wanqu.co 创业简史 10 湾区⽇报创业简史系列之 Reddit 篇。载录 REDDIT Reddit 2015 年创始⼈回归之前关键事件与 数字。 2005 6⽉， ⼤学同学 Steve Huffman & Alexis Ohanian 在 Medford, MA 创 ⽴ Reddit；进⼊ YC；刚开始两⼈创建 了很多假账号发帖，营造欣欣向荣的假 象 12⽉，添加评论功能 later in year，与 Aaron Swartz 的 Infogami 合并 1 Source: mashable.com 2 Source: nymag.com 2006 10⽉，/r/science 上线；⽇独⽴⽤户达 到 7 万；⽇访问量达到 70 万；Condé Nast （Wired 的⺟公司）以不到 $2 千万收购 Reddit；团队搬到旧⾦⼭ 2007 1⽉，Aaron Swartz 被开除 Source: reddit.com 3 Source: github.com 4 2008 1⽉，对⽤户开放 subreddits 3⽉，r/MensRights 创建 6⽉，Reddit 开源 2009 1⽉，著名的 AMA (Ask Me Anything) 创建 10⽉，收购合约到期，Steve Huffman & Alexis Ohanian 离开 Reddit 12⽉，上线 self-serve advertising later in year，Redditgifts 上线 Source: redditblog.com 5 Source: redditblog.com 6 2010 1⽉，⽉ pageviews 达到 2.5 亿 2011 6⽉，上线新的 mobile interface 7⽉，上线 Reddit Gold；上线 Reddit 2⽉，⽉ pageviews 超过 10 亿；⽉独 Enhancement Suite；上线新的搜索 ⽴访客超过 1750 万 引擎，来⾃外包公司 Flaptor 提供的 6⽉，Alexander Rhodes 创建 IndexTank r/NoFap 9⽉，Restoring Truthiness 9⽉，⽉ pageviews 超过 16 亿； Campaign 在 Reddit 启动，最后募集 Reddit 从 Condé Nast 独⽴出来单独 到 $60 万 运营 12⽉，⽉ pageviews 达到 8.29 亿 10⽉，关闭 jailbait；关闭 r/reddit.com，default subreddits 增 ⾄ 20 个 Source: thenextweb.com 7 Source: someecards.com 8 2012 1⽉，断⽹ 12 ⼩时以抗议 “Stop Online Piracy Act” 2013 2⽉，⽉ pageviews 超过 20 亿 Reddit Gold 3⽉，Yishan Wong 出任 CEO 2⽉， 订阅服务接受⽐特 4⽉，Barack Obama 在 AMA 回答问 币⽀付 multireddits 题，访问量激增把⽹站弄挂 7⽉，上线 功能 The Atlantic’s video 12⽉，年 pageviews 超过 370 亿；年 11⽉，与 channel Ask Washington 独⽴访客 4 亿 合作 “ Anything” 12⽉，年 pageviews 超过 560 亿； 年独⽴访客 7.31 亿 Source: venturebeat.com 9 Source: venturebeat.com 10 2014 2⽉，Reddit 宣布捐出⼴告年收⼊的 10% 给⾮营利组织，由⽤户票选出受捐 赠组织 4⽉，投资 Imgur 2015 beatingwomen 6⽉，管理员关闭了 “ ” 1⽉，The Button 上线； TheFappening 8⽉，⽤户开始在 “ ” 5⽉，发布“反骚扰”规定；上线 上⼤量分享名⼈裸照，Reddit 关掉这 Reddit Video 个 subreddit 6⽉，根据 “反骚扰”规定，关掉了 5 9⽉，获得 Sam Altman 领投 B 轮 $5 个 subreddits；/r/The_Donald 创 千万；上线官⽅ reddit AMA app 建； （ iOS & Android） 6-7⽉，Victoria Taylor 被解雇，多个 10⽉，收购 Alien Blue subreddits 被关闭，致使 Pao 在⽤户 11⽉，Yishan Wong 辞职，Ellen Pao 抗议声中下台；Steve Huffman 回归 暂任 CEO，Alexis Ohanian 回来任 接任 CEO executive chairman 12⽉，年 pageviews 超过 712.5 亿 Source: nytimes.com 11 图⽚来源： 1. -
(In)Equality on Reddit
DICTATING THE TERMS: GAMERGATE, DEMOCRACY, AND (IN)EQUALITY ON REDDIT Shane Michael Snyder A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2019 Committee: Radhika Gajjala, Committee Chair Laura Landry-Meyer Graduate Faculty Representative Sandra Faulkner Timothy Messer-Kruse © 2019 Shane Snyder All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Radhika Gajjala, Committee Chair In late 2014 the mainstream press reported about a far-right movement that sought to discredit feminist, anti-racist, and trans-inclusive interventions in the video games industry, its products, and its consumer culture. Called GamerGate by its devotees, the movement began when American game designer Zoë Quinn weathered public harassment after her ex-boyfriend published a five-part essay falsely alleging she had sex with a game journalist to collect a positive review for her game Depression Quest. GamerGate activists launched a smear campaign against Quinn but attempted to absolve themselves of harassment by rebranding the movement as a game consumer revolt against unethical journalists and leftist academics. Almost five years later, GamerGate continues to grow in membership on its official subreddit, /r/KotakuInAction, which is a self-governed community hosted on the popular discussion forum-based social media platform Reddit. Shortly after /r/KotakuInAction materialized, a conscientious objector created the pro-feminist /r/GamerGhazi to resist GamerGate. Despite Reddit’s massive user base, its 1.2 million subreddits, and its ubiquity in American culture, it remains an underexplored space in the academic literature. Academics have neither adequately addressed Reddit’s role in promoting far-right communities like /r/KotakuInAction, nor the efficacy of using Reddit as a space for staging feminist resistance to such communities. -
Cyber-Metapragmatics and Alterity on Reddit.Com
Paper Cyber-metapragmatics and alterity on reddit.com by Jack LaViolette© (Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford) [email protected] October 2017 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ CYBER-METAPRAGMATICS AND ALTERITY ON reddit.com Jack LaViolette Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Building on recent work in linguistic anthropology, this paper addresses textually mediated participatory practices on the online platform reddit.com. The primary focus is on forms of discourse participation that are unique to online environments—voting, creating subreddits, commenting on threads—and their relationship to the “ideological intervention” that maps sociocultural meaning onto contextual language use whenever and wherever it occurs. First I examine how users of reddit appropriate, re-present, and (usually, derisively) caption sample utterances posted to another online platform, tumblr.com. I am able to show how the online environment facilitates the display and re- entextualization of “others’” speech, and here I draw parallels with Miyako Inoue’s discussion of the print-mediated metapragmatics of citation that played a central role in the creation of the Japanese schoolgirl stereotype: both are based on overheard utterances. What is it that enables reddit’s users to interpret and participate in the ritualistic displacement and re-entextualization of others’ speech (e.g. Tumblr posts on reddit forums such as /r/TumblrInAction)? In order to illustrate the participatory semiotic processes that constitute and reproduce these everyday online practices, I introduce the concept of cyber-metapragmatic knowledge. -
“Rule 14: Men and Women Are Meant to Get Together”
“Rule 14: Men and Women Are Meant To Get Together” An ethnographic exploration of Reddit’s gender-related issue publics Derrek Chundelikatt MA Thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam Programme: Media Studies (Research) Supervisor: dhr. dr. Bernhard Rieder Second reader: mw. Natalia Sánchez-Querubín th Referencing: MLA 8 edition 28 June 2019 Chundelikatt 2 Index Abstract 4 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Reddit and its discontents 7 2 Theory: Of Platforms and Communities 11 3 Methodology 17 3.1 Reddit’s issue publics of gender 17 3.1.1 r/TwoXChromosomes 18 3.1.2 r/MensRights 20 3.1.3 r/MensLib 22 3.1.4 r/TheRedPill 23 3.2 Approach 27 3.3 Data 31 3.3.1 Dataset 1: Comprehensive 33 3.3.2 Dataset 2: Manual 33 3.3.3 Dataset 3: Subreddit homepages and archives 34 3.4 Methods 35 3.4.1 Extracting Significant Words 35 3.4.2 Tracing Concepts Across Subreddits 36 3.4.3 Contextualising discourse with word trees 36 3.4.4 Subreddit Referrals 37 3.4.5 Subreddit Similarity 38 3.4.6 Close reading of subreddit homepages 39 4 Data Ethnography of Subreddits 42 4.1 Rules 42 4.2 Significant terms 49 4.2.1 Overall 49 4.2.2 Significant terms over time 51 4.2.3 Significant terms across subreddits 55 4.3 Explicating Organisational Ecologies 61 4.3.1 Subreddit similarity and homepage outlinks 61 4.3.2 Subreddit Referrals 65 4.4 Contextualised Discourse 72 Chundelikatt 3 5 Conclusions 89 Works Cited 91 Appendix 98 Chundelikatt 4 Abstract This research is concerned with ethnographically exploring gender-related issue publics within Reddit, one of the world’s largest social media platforms. -
Learning in the Wild: Coding for Learning and Practice on Reddit. Learning, Media and Technology 43(3): 219-235
This is a pre-publication copy. The final article is published at https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2018.1498356 Haythornthwaite, C., Kumar, P., Gruzd, A., Gilbert, S., Esteve Del Valle, M., & Paulin, D. (2018). Learning in the Wild: Coding for Learning and Practice on Reddit. Learning, Media and Technology 43(3): 219-235. Learning in the Wild: Coding for Learning and Practice on Reddit Caroline Haythornthwaitea; Priya Kumarb*; Anatoliy Gruzdc; Sarah Gilbertd; Marc Esteve Del Vallee; Drew Paulinf a School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States b Social Media Lab, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada, [email protected] c Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada d The iSchool, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada e Department of Media Studies and Journalism, University of Groningen, Netherlands f School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, United States Learning in the Wild: Coding for Learning and Practice on Reddit Abstract Learning on and through social media is becoming a cornerstone of lifelong learning, creating places not only for accessing information, but also for finding other self-motivated learners. Such is the case for Reddit, the online news sharing site that is also a forum for asking and answering questions. We studied learning practices found in ‘Ask’ subreddits AskScience, Ask_Politics, AskAcademia, and AskHistorians to develop a coding schema for informal learning. This paper describes the process of evaluating and defining a workable coding schema, one that started with attention to learning processes associated with discourse, exploratory talk, and conversational dialogue, and ended with including norms and practices on Reddit and the support of communities of inquiry. -
A Rhetorical Recuperation of Public Sphere Theory in a Digital Age
ABSTRACT SWIFT, JEFFREY CHARLES. Flash Publics: A Rhetorical Recuperation of Public Sphere Theory in a Digital Age. (Under the direction of Dr. Carolyn R. Miller). This dissertation explores the idea of “flash publics” as a useful model for interrogating the roles and practices of rhetoric in the digital age. When it comes to a public sphere, digital rhetoric has the potential to be more about community organizing than Habermasian rational persuasion. In this sense, my project is less interested in how movements use symbolic messages to persuade audiences, but is instead concerned with how citizens use new communication technologies to “flash” themselves into political relevance and existence, creating an ethic of “we weren’t here yesterday and we won’t be here tomorrow, but we still matter today.” This dissertation argues that Habermas’s idea of the public sphere is again relevant, even after significant practical and theoretical postmodern critiques, in an age of the digital. To demonstrate this renewed appropriateness, I locate a digitally appropriate theoretical frame, informed by a refocusing and recuperation of public sphere theory. This project explores flash publics through the lens of a reanimated public sphere ideal based on natural evolutions of Habermas’ ideas, and proposes three characteristics of public spheres: they are agonistic, compositional, and procedural. I explore this rhetorical reconceptualization of the public sphere as it is understood through flash publics—digitally augmented, flexible, and for the most part passive but ultimately activist, collectives of democratic engagement. These flash publics build networks that are then ready to take action when the time is right. -
Department of Economics and Finance Chair of Financial Markets
Department of Economics and Finance Chair of Financial Markets and Institutions The Gamestop Case: How a reddit group shocked the stock market SUPERVISOR PROF. STEFANO DI COLLI CANDIDATE GIORGIO LUCANGELI ID: 225111 ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 4 1. CHAPTER 1: How is it even possible 5 1.1 Short Selling 1.1.1 Short Squeeze 1.1.2 Naked Short 1.2 r/wallstreetbets 1.3 Hedge Fund 1.4 Retail Investing 1.5 Robinhood 2. CHAPTER 2: What happened. 15 2.1 GameStop 2.2 Before 25/01/2021 2.3 After 25/01/2021 2.4 The Bubble Burst 2.5 Consequences 2.5.1 For GameStop Giorgio Lucangeli. 2 2.5.2 For Short Sellers 2.5.3 For Retail Investors CONCLUSION 22 REFERENCES 23 Giorgio Lucangeli. 3 INTRODUCTION How a reddit group shocked the stock market In January 2021 the price of GameStop’s stock skyrocketed, going up from $17 to more than $500, more or less 30 times of the valuation at the beginning of the year. Short sellers, represented mostly by Hedge fund, have suffered an estimated loss of $19 billion [1]. That price increase has almost nothing to do whit GameStop managerial choice, as a matter of fact GME is a dying company, it happened because there was a short squeeze. That is not been the first short squeeze (Volkswagen in 2008, where their share price went up to more than$1000 [2], KaloBios in 2015, which share price grew by 10,000% in a week [3]) but as a matter of facts this is the first one organized by a group of retailer investor, that coordinated themselves on a reddit group called r/wallstreetbets.