LA Brillante

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LA Brillante www.elboomeran.com LA bRILLANtE vida Y tRágIcA MuERtE DE Aaron Swartz Era un niño prodigio, una de las mentes que inventaron Internet, pero también un activista que nunca cejó en su lucha por la libertad, ni siquiera cuando el FBI intentó domarle. POR DAVID AMSDEN n la foto, todo parece estar bien. Swartz aparece arrodillado en la primera fila, con las manos sobre el regazo. Lleva barba de dos días, y su abundante cabello castaño, normalmente un desastre, está peinado hacia un lado. Es una de las 30 per- sonas de una instantánea que refleja a un grupo de activistas de Internet que se había reunido ese día –el 9 de enero de 2013– para una cumbre en Holmes, Nueva York, bucólico AH BERGER. O pueblo al norte de Manhattan. Nunca le gustó posar para ERS/N las fotos: sus mejores imágenes –como las que aparecerían días más tarde T Een periódicos y webs de todo el mundo– son en las que aparece ocupado, FOTO: REU FOTO: diciendo algo importante o pensando la frase perfecta que decir. rollingstone.es 105 AARON SwARtz www.elboomeran.com Aun así, cuando todos se juntaron ese miérco- corta vida. Tim Berners-Lee, creador de la World batalla para definir todo lo que ocurre en Internet Infogami, que ayudaría a los usuarios a crear sus les después de cenar para un retrato espontáneo Wide Web, describió a Swartz como “un luchador”, en términos de lo tradicional, lo que la ley entiende. propias páginas. Además Y Combinator estaba en en la cabaña, estaba relajado y se animó a acurru- uno cuyo trabajo tuvo un impacto más allá de la pro- ¿Es compartir un vídeo en BitTorrent lo mismo que Cambridge, Massachusetts, y viviría en un colegio carse con el resto sin rechistar y sí, sonriendo. gramación, un mundo estrecho de miras: “Brillando robar de una tienda de películas, o equivale a pres- mayor del MIT, epicentro de la cultura hacker y Con 26 años, Aaron Swartz se había establecido por el oscuro cielo de la gente común, los sistemas tarle una cinta a un amigo? ¿La libertad de conexión de la cultura libre. En una entrada de su blog, dejó como una fuerza singular que unía el mundo de la rotos, una fuerza reluciente que brilla para siempre, es como la libertad de expresión o como la libertad muy claro que no volvería a Stanford. tecnología y el activismo, un joven movido por una un creador de cosas”. para matar?”, planteó en un discurso que dio en la Swartz llegó a Cambridge preparado para su- curiosidad inquieta y la creencia de que la informa- En vida, Swartz había sido un prodigioso lector conferencia Freedom to connect en mayo de 2012. mergirse en un mundo donde confluían la seriedad ción era la moneda de cambio más valiosa, un tipo de y escritor. En su blog, Raw Thought [pensamien- A pesar de que nunca había hablado pública- académica con la adrenalina del emprendedor y riqueza de la cual nadie debía ser privado. De adoles- to crudo], había ganado un culto de seguidores de mente sobre lo que su propia acusación represen- se lanzó de lleno a trabajar en Infogami. Pronto la cente, siendo un prodigio de la programación, había sus ideas subjetivas, eruditas, a veces rebeldes y taba en este conflicto, al morir se convirtió en un inspiración que le había hecho cruzar el país se vio ayudado a desarrollar el RSS, la herramienta de sindi- a menudo divertidas sobre cualquier tema, desde símbolo de un gobierno equivocado y que se había teñida de frustración y falta de confianza en sí mis- cación web ahora ubicua, y con 19 años fue uno de los las chicas que le gustaban, sus discrepancias con extralimitado, creyendo que la descarga de textos mo, un tema que abordó en su blog ese agosto. creadores de Reddit, el medio social de noticias com- académicos merecía pe- En noviembre, el día antes de cumplir 19 años, prado por la poderosa empresa editorial Condé Nast, nas más severas que las comentó su descontento con los resultados de Info- que le convirtió en millonario antes de tener la edad impuestas a banqueros gami con Paul Graham, el inversor de capital de ries- legal para pedir una cerveza. Desde entonces, se con- responsables del colapso go detrás de Y Combinator. Graham le sugirió una virtió en un incansable e innovador defensor de nu- económico. “En una era solución: que trabajara con otros dos miembros del merosas causas relacionadas con la política y el poder en la cual las fronteras programa, Steve Huffman y Alexis Ohanian, ambos de la conexión libre. Por ejemplo, en 2011, lideró con tras su suicidio, son digitales, el sistema un par de años mayores que Swartz, que acababan éxito una campaña para evitar la SOPA, proyecto de penal amenaza algo tan- de lanzar una pequeña empresa llamada Reddit, una ley introducido en el Congreso que habría legalizado gible pero tremendamen- página donde los usuarios votaban y comentaban las la censura en Internet. se generalizó la te valioso. Swartz era un historias más populares. Reddit tenía un comienzo Pero al igual que su complexión desgarbada y su ca- excéntrico apasionado De niño prodigio a poderoso activista prometedor, aunque la página tendía a caerse, y Gra- rácter callado contradecían a su fiereza interna, visto que podría haber sido Arriba, Swartz en un mitin contra la ley antipiratería ham creía que la habilidad de Swartz para la codifica- ahora con distancia, el comportamiento de Swartz de idea de que Swartz uno de los grandes inno- SOPA, en 2012. A la derecha, entre Ted Nelson y ción ayudaría a estabilizarla. “Empezamos a trabajar ese miércoles parecía enmascarar más verdades que vadores y creadores de Doug Engelbart, pioneros de Internet, siendo aún un juntos ese mismo día e inmediatamente vimos que niño: desde muy pequeño Swartz se mantuvo cerca las que revelaba. Dos años antes, había sido arres- nuestro futuro. Ahora, las cosas iban a ir genial”, escribió Swartz. era una víctima del de gente bastante mayor que él. tado por piratear supuestamente los servidores del nunca lo sabremos”, es- Lo que siguió fue un frenético periodo de co- MIT (Instituto de Tecnología de Massachussets) cribió Tim Wu, profesor laboración que desde entonces ha sido idealizado para robar millones de documentos de una biblioteca gobierno de EE uu de la Escuela de Derecho i en el mundo físico se sentía en los anales de las start-up de tecnología moder- virtual de revistas académicas y, desde entonces, el de Columbia, en la página fuera de lugar por su apariencia, na: la unión de Infogami y Reddit bajo una com- gobierno federal se había mostrado implacable en su web de The New Yorker. en Internet descubrió un sitio pañía paraguas llamada Not a Bug, Inc; Swartz empeño por castigarle severamente. Estaba previsto colegas o sus reflexiones filosóficas. A su muerte, donde sólo le definían sus mejores mudándose a un armario del piso de Huffman y que el caso llegara a los tribunales en abril, y, si perdía, Swartz no dejó ninguna nota, ni una explicación. aron Swartz creció en cualidades. “Nos conectábamos a Ohanian; los tres codificando y conspirando sin Swartz se enfrentaba a 35 años de cárcel. Raramente Hubo amigos que andaban preocupados por su Highland Park, un suburbio al Internet antes de que existieran parar, y, en el proceso, convirtiendo Reddit en hablaba sobre el daño mental y financiero que le su- salud mental, que le habían sugerido que busca- norte de Chicago, y casi desde los navegadores gráficos. Y en- una de las páginas más populares del mundo, una ponían sus batallas legales, por tanto resultaba difícil ra ayuda mucho antes de su detención y que, en su nacimiento empezó a per- seguida nos dimos cuenta de que jo, llevándole a San Francisco para escribir el código de las primeras en reconocer que, en Internet, saber cuánto le estaba afectando, incluso, para la gen- privado, se preguntaban si su muerte había sido feccionar las aptitudes que le esto lo iba a cambiar todo”, recuerda su padre, Ro- para Creative Commons, la organización sin ánimo el comentarista anónimo podía tener tanto peso te más cercana a él. Sin embargo, dos días después de la trágica consecuencia de una depresión oculta y definirían a lo largo de su vida: bert.S Siendo un chaval, se sumergió en numerosas de lucro que ofrece a los usuarios un sistema de licen- como el experimentado columnista de opinión. la conferencia, realizó una declaración final que dejó no detectada. Sin embargo, a medida que el suici- la inquietud interior, la necesi- páginas, entre ellas una llamada The Info Network, cias de copyright menos restrictivas. Sin embargo, la relación era complicada desde el claro que el caso de Estados Unidos contra Aaron dio se convirtió en noticia a nivel internacional y dad crónica de aventurarse en una enciclopedia generada por los usuarios que A los 17, Swartz fue aceptado en la Universidad principio y no hizo más que tensarse con el tiem- Swartz era una batalla en la cual ya no estaba dis- se publicaron los detalles de su acusación, la ola innumerables proyectos de forma simultánea, el creó en 1999, cuando tenía 12 años. “Básicamente de Stanford, y su experiencia ahí inició un patrón po. La contribución de Swartz era significativa: se puesto a luchar. El 11 de enero, casi exactamente dos de dolor se vio superada por una ola de ira, de re- Adeseo de organizar la información, de reparar siste- era Wikipedia, pero mucho antes de que se lanzara que se reafirmaría a lo largo de su vida: emoción a pasó el primer mes convirtiendo la web de Lisp a años después de ser arrestado, Swartz se quitó la vida sentimiento: una sensación de que sus acciones no mas rotos.
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