Darwin and the Evolution of a Theory
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Mammal Collections Accredited by the American Society of Mammalogists, Systematics Collections Committee
MAMMAL COLLECTIONS ACCREDITED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS The collections on this list meet or exceed the basic curatorial standards established by the ASM Systematic Collections Committee (Appendix V). Collections are listed alphabetically by country, then province or state. Date of accreditation (and reaccreditation) are indicated. Year of Province Collection name and acronym accreditation or state ARGENTINA Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Colección de Mamíferos Lillo (CML) 1999 Tucumán CANADA Provincial Museum of Alberta (PMA) 1985 Alberta University of Alberta, Museum of Zoology (UAMZ) 1985 Alberta Royal British Columbia Museum (RBCM) 1976 British Columbia University of British Columbia, Cowan Vertebrate Museum (UBC) 1975 British Columbia Canadian Museum of Nature (CMN) 1975, 1987 Ontario Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) 1975, 1995 Ontario MEXICO Colección Nacional de Mamíferos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CNMA) 1975, 1983 Distrito Federal Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR) 1999 Baja California Sur UNITED STATES University of Alaska Museum (UAM) 1975, 1983 Alaska University of Arizona, Collection of Mammals (UA) 1975, 1982 Arizona Arkansas State University, Collection of Recent Mammals (ASUMZ) 1976 Arkansas University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALRVC) 1977 Arkansas California Academy of Sciences (CAS) 1975 California California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) 1979, 1980 California Humboldt State University (HSU) 1984 California Natural History Museum of Los -
Hutton, Kelvin, and the Great Earth Debates. • the Beginnings of Modern Geology “All Natural Processes That Affect the Earth’S Crust (Erosion, Deposition, • Ca
Chapter 1 The Science of Geology An Introduction to Geology • Geology - the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth • Physical geology - examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface • Historical geology - seeks an understanding of the origin of “If there is an interesting place you want to go, there is Earth and its development interesting geology that you can study there” through time Mersin ophiolite, (Cappadocia, Central Turkey). Turkey The Science of Geology The Science of Geology 1.3: satellite image of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. • Some historical views • Geology, people, and the environment of the Earth • Many important relationships exist between • Aristotle, 300 BC; people and the natural environment • James Ussher, ca. 1600, ‘Earth was created in Problems and issues 4004 BC;’ addressed by • Catastrophism geology include • Earth’s features formed through • Natural hazards, sudden and violent resources, world changes. ‘The Dog population growth, of and environmental Pompeii’ issues Dwelling in Goreme, Cappadocia The Science of Geology Hutton, Kelvin, and the great Earth debates. • The beginnings of modern geology “All natural processes that affect the Earth’s crust (erosion, deposition, • ca. 1780, James Huton’s volcanic eruptions, faulting, glaciation Theory of the Earth; etc.) operate with the same intensity • Uniformitarianism: “the and under the same set of physical processes that operate constraints now as in the geologic past.” today have operated in “(as to the age of Earth) we see no the past.” vestige of a beginning, no prospect of • a uniformitarian view of an end.” Earth requires a vast These points are incorrect - why? amount of time…. -
The First Geological Map of Patagonia
Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 64 (1): 55 - 59 (2009) 55 THE FIRST GEOLOGICAL MAP OF PATAGONIA Eduardo O. ZAPPETTINI and José MENDÍA Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR) - Av. Julio A. Roca 651 (1322) Buenos Aires Emails: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT This contribution analyses the first geological map of Patagonia drawn by Darwin around 1840, and colour-painted by Darwin himself. It had remained unpublished and only a small version in black and white had been printed before. The different units mapped by Darwin are analysed from a modern perspective, and his ability to show a synthesis of the complex geological structure of Patagonia is stressed. Keywords: Geological map, Patagonia, Patagonian Shingle, Darwin geologist. RESUMEN: El primer mapa geológico de la Patagonia. La presente contribución analiza el primer mapa geológico de la Patagonia reali- zado por Darwin cerca de 1840, pintado en colores por el mismo Darwin, que ha permanecido inédito y del que sólo se cono- cía una versión de tamaño reducido en blanco y negro. Se analizan las diferentes unidades mapeadas por Darwin desde una perspectiva actual, destacándose su habilidad para mostrar en esa síntesis la compleja estructura de la Patagonia. Palabras clave: Mapa geológico, Patagonia, Rodados Patagónicos, Darwin geólogo. DARWIN AND THE VOYAGE OF HMS BEAGLE At the time Charles Darwin set sail on board HMS Beagle on a journey that was to last two years and ended up lasting five, he was not more than an amateur naturalist that had quitted his medical courses and after that abandoned his in- tention of applying for a position in the Church of England, just to embrace the study of natural history. -
1 VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (BIO 353) Spring 2019 MW 8:45-10:00 AM, 207 Payson Smith Lab: M 11:45-3:35 PM, 160 Science INSTRUCTOR
VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (BIO 353) Spring 2019 MW 8:45-10:00 AM, 207 Payson Smith Lab: M 11:45-3:35 PM, 160 Science INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Chris Maher EMAIL: [email protected] OFFICE LOCATION: 201 Science (A Wing) or 178 Science (CSTH Dean’s office, C Wing) OFFICE PHONE: 207.780.4612; 207.780.4377 OFFICE HOURS: T 12:00 – 1:00 PM, W 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM, or by appointment I usually hold office hours in 201 Science; however, if plans change, I leave a note on the door, and you probably can find me in 178 Science. Office hours are subject to change due to my meeting schedule, and I try to notify you in advance. COURSE DESCRIPTION: Vertebrate Zoology is an upper division biology elective in Area 1 (Organismal Biology) that surveys major groups of vertebrates. We examine many aspects of vertebrate biology, including physiology, anatomy, morphology, ecology, behavior, evolution, and conservation. This course also includes a laboratory component, the primary focus of which will be a survey of vertebrates at a local natural area. As much as possible, we will spend time in the field, learning survey techniques and identifying vertebrates. This syllabus is intended as a guide for the semester; however, I reserve the right to make changes in topics or schedules as necessary. COURSE PREREQUISITES: You must have successfully completed (i.e., grade of C- or higher) Biological Principles III (BIO 109). Although not required, courses in evolution (BIO 217), ecology (e.g., BIO 203), and animal physiology (e.g., BIO 401) should prove helpful. -
1 Charles Darwin's Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, Edited and Introduced by Gordon Chancellor and John
Charles Darwin’s Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, edited and introduced by Gordon Chancellor and John van Wythe. xxxiii + 615 pp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2009. $ 150 (cloth). Until now, it has not been possible to read in book form the immediate notes that Darwin himself had written during his 1832-1836 voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. Darwin’s Beagle records comprised five different kinds: field notebooks, personal diary, geological and zoological diaries, and specimen catalogues. Unlike the many other documents that Darwin created during the voyage, the field notebooks are not confined to any one subject. They contain notes and observations on geology, zoology, botany, ecology, weather notes, barometer and thermometer readings, ethnography, archaeology, and linguistics as well as maps, drawings, financial records, shopping lists, reading notes, and personal entries. The editors described the notebooks as the most difficult and complex of all of Darwin’s manuscripts. They were for the most part written in pencil which was often faint or smeared. They were generally not written while sitting at a desk but held in one hand, on mule or horseback or on the deck of the Beagle. Furthermore the lines were very short and much was not written in complete sentences. Added to this, they were full of Darwin’s chaotic spelling of foreign names so the handwriting was sometimes very difficult to decipher. Alternative readings were often possible. Darwin did not number the pages of the notebooks, and often wrote in them at different times from opposite ends. Most of the notebook space was devoted to geological descriptions and drawings, a reflection of Darwin’s interest in the works of Charles Lyell and his previous fieldwork with Adam Sedgwick. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sussex Research Online A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Cuvier in Context: Literature and Science in the Long Nineteenth Century Charles Paul Keeling DPhil English Literature University of Sussex December 2016 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to an- other University for the award of any other degree. Signature:……………………………………… UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX CHARLES PAUL KEELING DPHIL ENGLISH LITERATURE CUVIER IN CONTEXT: LITERATURE AND SCIENCE IN THE LONG NINETEENTH CENTURY This study investigates the role and significance of Cuvier’s science, its knowledge and practice, in British science and literature in the first half of the nineteenth century. It asks what the current account of science or grand science narrative is, and how voicing Cuvier changes that account. The field of literature and science studies has seen healthy debate between literary critics and historians of science representing a combination of differing critical approaches. -
The Geological Revolution: Deep Time and the Age of the Earth
Lecture 6: The Geological Revolution: Deep Time and the Age of the Earth Astronomy 141 – Winter 2012 This lecture explores the geological revolution that revealed the antiquity of the Earth. Understanding the age of the Earth requires having a conception of a beginning for the Earth. Historical and Physical age estimates give different answers. Geological discoveries uncovered the deep history of the Earth, and developed techniques for reading that history. The Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 Billion Years old, measured by radiometric age dating of meteorites, the oldest Earth rocks, and Moon rocks. In order for “what is the age of the Earth?” to make sense, you must conceive of a beginning. Two ways people have conceived of time: Cyclical Time: Earth has no beginning or end, only repeated cycles of birth, death, and rebirth/renewal. Linear Time: Earth has a past beginning & will have a future end. On human scales, time appears to be cyclical Natural cycles around us: Cycle of day & night Monthly cycle of moon phases Yearly cycle of the seasons Generational cycle of birth, life, and death... Examples: Hinduism & Buddhism posit cyclical time Plato’s 72,000 year cycle: 36,000 Golden Age followed by a 36,000 age of disorder & chaos. Linear Time posits a definite beginning in the past, and an eventual ending in the future. Judaism provides an example of linear time: Past divine creation of the Earth (Genesis) Promised end of times. Christianity & Islam adopted this idea: See history as fulfillment, not growth. No change in the world, except decay from past perfection (“fall from grace”). -
Darwin Charles
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was born the fifth of six children into a wealthy Shropshire gentry family in the small market town of Shrewsbury. His father Robert Waring Darwin (1766-1848) was a successful physician and fincancier and son of the famous poet Erasmus Darwin. Charles Darwin's mother, Susannah Wedgwood (1765-1817), died when he was eight years old. Darwin, watched over by his elder sisters and maidservants, grew up amidst wealth, comfort and country sports. He attended the nearby Shrewsbury School as a boarder from 1818-1825. 1 In October 1825, Darwin went to Edinburgh University with his brother Erasmus to study medicine with a view to becoming a physician. While in Edinburgh, Darwin investigated marine invertebrates with the guidance of Robert Grant. Darwin did not like the study of medicine and could not bear the sight of blood or suffering, so his father proposed the church as a respectable alternative. On 15 October 1827, Charles Darwin was admitted a member of Christ's College, Cambridge. Darwin was never a model student, but he did become a passionate amateur naturalist. He became the devoted follower of Professor of botany John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861). Darwin passed his B.A. examination in January 1831. Henslow passed on to Darwin the offer of Commander Robert FitzRoy of travelling on a survey ship, HMS Beagle , as a "scientific person" or naturalist. The round- the-world journey lasted five years. Darwin spent most of these years investigating the geology and zoology of the lands he visited, especially South America, the Galapagos islands, and Pacific oceanic islands. -
Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism: Logical Roots and Current Relevance in Geology
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 29, 2021 Catastrophism and uniformitarianism" logical roots and current relevance in geology VICTOR R. BAKER Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA Abstract, Catastrophism in the Earth sciences is rooted in the view that Earth signifies its causative processes via landforms, structures and rock. Processes of types, rates and magnitudes not presently in evidence may well be signified this way. Uniformitarianism, in contrast, is a regulative stipulation motivated by the presumed necessity that science achieves logical validity in what can be said (hypothesized) about the Earth. Regulative principles, including simplicity, actualism and gradualism, are imposed a priori to insure valid inductive reasoning. This distinction lies at the heart of the catastrophist versus uniformitarian debates in the early nine- teenth century and it continues to influence portions of the current scientific program. Uniform- itarianism, as introduced by Charles Lyell in 1830, is specifically tied to an early nineteenth century view of inductive inference. Catastrophism involves a completely different form of inference in which hypotheses are generated retroductively. This latter form of logical inference remains relevant to modern science, while the outmoded notions of induction that warranted the doctrine of uniformitarianism were long ago shown to be overly restrictive in scientific practice. The latter should be relegated solely to historical interest in the progress of ideas. On 4 July 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft Antarctic ice, was interpreted as showing various made a highly successful landing in the Ares Vallis indicators of possible relic biogenic activity region of Mars. -
Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: a Selected Bibliography
Library and Information Services Division Current References 2009-1 The Year of Darwin 2009 Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library: Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: A Selected Bibliography Prepared by Anna Fiolek and Kathleen A. Kelly U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanographic Data Center NOAA Central Library October 2009 http://www.lib.noaa.gov/researchtools/subjectguides/darwinbib.pdf Contents: Preface …………………………………………………………………. p. 3 Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………. p. 4 I. Darwin Chronology ………………………………………………….. p. 5-6 II. Monographic Publications By or About Charles Darwin ………... p. 7-13 in the NOAA Central Library Network Catalog (NOAALINC) III. Internet Resources Related to Charles Darwin ……. ……………. p. 14-17 And His Science (Including online images and videos) IV. Darwin Science-related Journals in the NOAA Libraries’………. p. 17-18 Network 2 Preface This Bibliography has been prepared to support NOAA Central Library (NCL) outreach activities during the Year of Darwin 2009, including a “Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library” Exhibit. The Year of Darwin 2009 has been observed worldwide by libraries, museums, academic institutions and scientific publishers, to honor the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth. This Bibliography reflects the library’s unique print and online resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands. It includes citations organized “by title” from NOAALINC, the library’s online catalog, and from the library’s historical collections. The data and listings are comprehensive from the 19th century to the present. The formats represented in this resource include printed monographs, serial publications, graphical materials, videos, online full-text documents, a related journal list, and Web resources. -
Of Agrias (Nymphalidae)
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 39(4), 1985, 266-267 THE HOST PLANT, ERYTHROXYLUM (ERYTHROXYLACEAE), OF AGRIAS (NYMPHALIDAE) THOMASS. RAY School of Life & Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 ABSTRACT. A male of Agrias amydon philatelica DeVries was reared from its host plant, Erythroxylum jimbriatum Peyritsch, in the wet Caribbean lowland forests of Heredia Province, Costa Rica. This is the first host plant record for Agrias amydon. A male of Agrias amydon philatelica DeVries (DeVries, 1980) was reared from its host plant Erythroxylum fimbriatum Peyritsch, at Fin ca La Selva, an Organization for Tropical Studies field station in the wet Caribbean lowland forests of Heredia Province, Costa Rica. This is the first host plant record for Agrias amydon. In March 1979, a penultimate instar larva was found feeding on a 2.5 m individual of E. fimbriatum in the forest. The plant was a member of a clump of five individuals of E. fimbria tum within a space of 100 m along the Holdridge Trail. The plants have been vouchered and deposited in the Duke University Herbarium, Hammel 8929, Kress 76-526. The larva was fed in the lab on leaves from the same plant. Pupation occurred on the upper surface of the cage. The adult emerged in April. The last larval shed skin and head capsule, the empty chrys alis, and the preserved adult were deposited in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University. The speci men was designated a paratype by DeVries (1980). Previous records of the subspecies, all since 1977, were from the Pacific lowland dry forests in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, the Caribbean lowland wet forests of Herrera Province, Panama, and Fin ca La Selva (DeVries, 1980). -
DNA and the Origin of Life: Information, Specification, and Explanation
DNA and the Origin of Life: Information, Specification, and Explanation Stephen C. Meyer QQQ heories about the origin of life necessarily presuppose knowledge of the Tattributes of living cells. As historian of biology Harmke Kamminga has observed, “At the heart of the problem of the origin of life lies a funda- mental question: What is it exactly that we are trying to explain the origin of?”1 Or as the pioneering chemical evolutionary theorist Alexander Oparin put it, “The problem of the nature of life and the problem of its ori- gin have become inseparable.”2 Origin-of-life researchers want to explain the origin of the first and presumably simplest—or, at least, minimally complex—living cell. As a result, developments in fields that explicate the nature of unicellular life have historically defined the questions that origin- of-life scenarios must answer. Since the late 1950s and 1960s, origin-of-life researchers have increas- ingly recognized the complex and specific nature of unicellular life and the biomacromolecules on which such systems depend. Further, molecular biol- ogists and origin-of-life researchers have characterized this complexity and specificity in informational terms. Molecular biologists routinely refer to DNA, RNA, and proteins as carriers or repositories of “information.”3 Many origin-of-life researchers now regard the origin of the information in these 223 224 Stephen C. Meyer biomacromolecules as the central question facing their research. As Bernd- Olaf Kuppers has stated, “The problem of the origin of life is clearly basically equivalent to the problem of the origin of biological information.”4 This essay will evaluate competing explanations for the origin of the in- formation necessary to build the first living cell.