DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS OF GAMBIAN KORA PERFORMANCE PRACTICES DEAN ANDREW DAMIAN CRONE ATHESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FORTHEDEGREEOF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MUSIC YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO SEPTEMBER 2009 Library and Archives Bibliothéque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de 1'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Yourfile Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-64998-5 Ourfile Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-64998-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- Uauteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant å la Bibliothéque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Clnternet, préter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and seil theses monde, å des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright Uauteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thése. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thése ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent étre imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément å la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thése. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1+1 Canada iv Abstract My goals for this study include a desire to expand upon the research put forth by other authors regarding Gambian kora performance practices. I explore the social and cultural dynamics that surround the patronage of kora music by the contemporary tourist industry in The Gambia. Chapter One of this thesis, "Introduction," begins by articulating some of the main academic figures in the area of West African studies and an introduction to kora music. Chapter Two, "Tradition From the Early Twentieth Century," presents and discusses performance practices of traditional musicmaking, known a&jaliya, that is believed to have existed about a century ago. West African musical practices have undergone considerable change as a result of interaction with Western colonialism, independence-era governments in West Africa, and the growth of tourism. Chapter Three, "Changes and Influence of Media," will address the impact of technological devices of musical reproduction and the effect that they appear to have on the cultural production of West African musicians. These changing cultural contexts have also affected the types of music that audiences in West Africa want to hear. Chapter Four, "Contemporary Repertoire, Technique, and Structures", examines contemporary performance practices, repertoires, and performers in order to give an idea of what is currently happening in this artform. Other academic studies of instruments related to the kora, such as the balafon, will offer examples of changes to performance practices that are comparable to those of the kora. Some of the conclusions l have drawn are that West African music in general has beeji greatly affected by interaction with v Western music and culture. Gambian kora music in particular has been affected as the main system of patronage, that was at the heart of the kora tradition, has been disrupted and altered by the mechanisms of colonial rule in The Gambia. Tourism has provided new and different patronage opportunities for Gambian musicians while also contributing to the creation of various social problems. vi Acknowledgments My koras have always been built by the family of Alieu Suso of Bakau Newtown, The Gambia. Alieu and his family provided me great hospitality while I resided at their family compound in Bakau Newtown. Alieu had been crafting some of the finest koras for the past sixty years and had built untold numbers of koras as well as other instruments. I must also thank and acknowledge two of Alieu's sons Lamin Suso and Mamudou Suso. Lamin and Mamudou both looked after me and were my friends. We shared many funny and dramatic moments, as well as a few card games and concerts. These three individuals were involved in my attempts to learn to play and understand the kora. After living in Alieu's compound and sharing too many early morning cigarettes with him, I had the sad misfortune of hearing that Alieu had suddenly passed away. It happened while sitting in his favourite chair at his workshop at the Bakau craftmarket about ten days after I had left The Gambia. Alieu Suso was well known and respected among Gambians and International travelers. He in fact appears on the cover of Charry's book, Mande Music (2000). Alieu Suso's kindness and encouragement of my efforts to learn about the kora is something I will not forget and I am often filled with sadness that a man who gave so much of what he had to his family, is now gone. Alieu was also greatly responsible for my safekeeping while in The Gambia and I will cherish the memories our many long conversations over morning tea, cigarettes, a meal, or attia (green tea brewed Gambian style). I was pleased to hear that Lamin Suso took over vii Alieu's business and continues to make high quality koras that are still being sold all over the world, including Canada. I want to thank everyone else I can think of and if I missed a nåme, I still thank you. Mohammed Badjie, Lamin Kuyateh, M Badjie, Modou Boy, The Suso Family of Bakau Newtown, Alieu Suso, Mamudou Suso, Lamin Suso, Manding Culture Band, The Holy Family Band, Kaykuta (Kex Republic) Kouyate, Lamin (L Body) Drammen, Jansaba (Baby J) Suso, Ablie Chorr, Jalex, Ramis Touray, Yankuba Suso, Alahji (Alah) Najie, Doudou (Taty) Gaye, Lamin Njie, The Boys on The Border, Lamin Kinteh, The good people of Barry Kunda in Bakau Kachikaly, For those whom have already come and left, Hasan, Taylar, The People of The Gambia, Senegal, Ghana, The Cassamance, My Morn, Dad, Gma, Josh, Paul, all my family and friends around the world. Everybody that had me as part of their life while I was in The Gambia, The Cassamance, Dakar, Mbour, and Ghana. I extend a very heartfelt thanks to all the teachers and musicians with whom I have shared the experience of sound. Lamin Kuyateh, Cherno Suso, Mustapha Jobateh, Lamin Kouyateh, Alieu Suso, Manding Culture Band, The Holy Family Band, Mory Ba Jobateh, Tåta Dindin, and, Rob Simms. My beautiful wife Maimuna and baby Isha. Vill Table of Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgments vi List of Figures x Parti Chapter One: Introduction 1 Intro 1 Review Literature 3 Terminology 4 Pre-Colonial Performance Practices 6 Chapter Two: Tradition From the Early Twentieth Century 11 Colonialism 11 Post-Independence Era 15 Chapter Three: Changes and Influences of Media 22 Radio and West African Music 22 Tourism 26 The Work of Marshall McLuhan 30 Part II Chapter Four: Contemporary Repertoire, Technique, and Structures 37 The Gambia: An Overview 37 Guinea and the Balafon: The Gambia and the Kora 44 The Image of a Jåli 55 Chapter Five: On the Ground 61 Field Experience in The Gambia 61 Transcriptions 70 Tablature 74 Allah La Ke 83 Kaira 86 Kelefaba 90 Masani Cisse 91 Kura Bissan 94 Bani Lay 96 IX Jarabi 97 The Importance of the Sauta Tuning 99 Conclusion 106 Appendix I: My renditions of kora pieces using my tablature method 109 Kelefaba 109 Masani Cisse (in tomora ba/silaba tuning) 110 Masani Cisse (in sauta tuning) 111 KuraBissan 112 Jarabi 113 Allah La Ke 114 Kaira 115 BaniLay 116 Appendix II: My renditions of Kaira and Allah La Ke in 117 duple and triple Western notation Appendix III: A representation of Charry's six transcription of 119 the kora kumbengo for Allah La Ke Bibliography 121 Discography 125 Video Examples 127 List ofFigures Figure 1. Map of West Africa. xii Figure 2. Figure 2. Diagram of a kora. xiii Figure 3. Picture of the hand positioning while playing the kora. xiv Figure 4. Example of Knighfs triple-pulsed notation. 72 Figure 5. Example of the same transcription in duple-pulsed notation. 73 Figure 6. Example of combined kora notation and tablature. 75 Figure 7. Example of my tablature method. 77 Figure 8. Breakdown of my tablature method. 77 Figure 9. Charry's transcription of Amadu Bansang Jobarteh's version 84 of "Allah La Ke" in Western notation. Figure 10. My rendition of "Allah la Ke" in tablature. 85 Figure 11. My rendition of "Kaira"in tablature. 86 Figure 12. Examples of the comparable lengths of my renditions of "Kaira" 87 and "Allah La Ke" in Western notation. Figure 13. Birimintingo pattern that works for both "Kaira" and "Allah La Ke." 88 Figure 14. My rendition of "Kelefaba" in tablature. 90 Figure 15. My rendition of "Masani Cisse" in tablature using tomora ba/siliba 92 tuning. Figure 16. My rendition of "Masani Cisse" in tablature using sauta tuning. 92 Figure 17. My rendition of "Kura Bissan" in tablature. 95 xi Figure 18. My rendition of "Jarabi" in tablature.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gambia Parliamentary Elections, 6 April 2017
    EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT The GAMBIA National Assembly Elections 6 April 2017 European Union Election Observation Missions are independent from the European Union institutions.The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. EU Election Observation Mission to The Gambia 2017 Final Report National Assembly Elections – 6 April 2017 Page 1 of 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. 3 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 4 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 9 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 9 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ELECTORAL SYSTEM ................................................................................. 11 A. Universal and Regional Principles and Commitments ............................................................................. 11 B. Electoral Legislation ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gambia Official Guide
    2016 official country guide The Gambia Tourism Board THE GAMBIA 2016 Official Country Guide www.visitthegambia.gm 1 THE GAMBIA 2016 Official Country Guide 2 www.visitthegambia.gm 2016 official country guide The Gambia Tourism Board THE GAMBIA 2016 Official Country Guide www.visitthegambia.gm 3 INSIDE 6 MESSAGE FROM HONOURABLE MINSITER 1 OF TOURISM & CULTURE MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR GENERAL, 3 GAMBIA TOURISM BOARD COUNTRY INFORMATION 4 12 HISTORY OF THE GAMBIA 6 COME EXPLORE 8 BEAUTY & WELLBEING 12 26 SPORTS TOURISM 14 EATING OUT 16 NIGHT ENTERTAINMENT 18 FASHION 20 16 ART IN GAMBIA 22 DOING BUSINESS 23 BIRD WATCHING 26 FISHING PARADISE 28 28 NATURE LIES HERE 30 STAYING OFF THE BEATEN TRACK 34 EXCURSIONS 36 THE ‘ROOTS’ EXPERIENCE 38 34 A FEW THINGS YOU SHOULD NOT MISS 39 THE HUNTING DEVIL MASQURADE 40 UNVELING 2016 42 30 GETTING TO THE GAMBIA 46 NATIONAL CALENDAR OF EVENTS 49 SPEAK THE LANGUAGE 52 SOCIAL MEDIA AND E-PLATFORMS 53 36 TOURISM INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 54 THE GAMBIA 2016 Official Country Guide 4 www.visitthegambia.gm message from Honourable Minister of Tourism & Culture Thank you for picking Project in relation to the Kunta Kinteh Roots Heritage is up the 5th Edition of our also gaining momentum and meaningful developments Official Tourist Guide, are taking place at both the Kunta Kinteh Island and the annual publication the villages of Juffureh and Albreda where signage that updates you on installation and architectural design works have developments within commenced to improve the image and aesthetic appeal the Tourism, Culture, and of this UNESCO World Heritage site.
    [Show full text]
  • A Word of Welcome from the Conference Organizer
    A word of welcome from the conference organizer Dear conference delegates, Welcome to the Nordic Africa Days 2014 in Uppsala! The Nordic Africa Days (NAD) is the biennial conference which for the past six years has been organized rotatively in each of the Nordic countries. Already since 1969 the Nordic Africa Institute has organised this regular gathering of Nordic scholars studying African issues, and the event has for the past 15 years been formalized under the name of the Nordic Africa Days. The theme of this year’s conference is Misbehaving States and Behaving Citizens? Questions of Governance in African States. We are proud to host two distinguished keynote speakers, Dr Mo Ibrahim and Associate Professor Morten Jerven, addressing the theme from different angles in their speeches entitled “Why Governance Matters” and “Africa by Numbers: Knowledge & Governance”. The conference is funded by long-standing and committed support from the Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian and Icelandic governments. This year, we are also particularly pleased to be able to facilitate participation of about 25 researchers based on the African continent through a generous contribution from Sida (The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). Providing a platform for Nordic and African researchers to meet and cooperate at NAD is becoming ever more important, in addition to creating a prime meeting place for researchers on Africa within the Nordic region. The main conference venue is Blåsenhus, one of the newest campuses within Uppsala University, situated opposite the Uppsala Castle and surrounded by the Uppsala Botanical Gardens. This particular area of Uppsala has a historical past that goes back 350 years in time and offers many interesting places to visit.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gambia’S Notorious Prison System, Has Proven Deadlier Than the Previous Laws
    The more recent Publication of False Information Act, which mandates heavy fines or imprisonment in The Gambia’s notorious prison system, has proven deadlier than the previous laws. THE GAMBIA 152 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2010 INTRODUCTION OVERALL SCORE: 1.66 THE GAMBIA THE Repressive media laws continue to hamper the independent press in The Gambia—in sharp contrast to the country’s constitution, which grants all citizens the freedom of expression and supports press freedom. The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), the ruling party since a bloodless coup in R1994, eroded and flouted the existing principles of democracy and human rights. APRC wasted little time introducing legislation, such as Newspaper Decree 70 and 71, aimed at gagging the media. The more recent Publication of False Information Act, which mandates heavy fines or imprisonment in The Gambia’s notorious prison system, has proven deadlier than the previous laws. Those who petition the president, seeking redress when their rights are violated, must prove their allegations in court—and if they fail to prove their cases, they face jail time. A human rights advocate was jailed recently under this law. Libel is punishable with civil penalties as well as criminal penalties, and the accused bear the burden of proof. The libel law and the laws on sedition and false publication all carry the same minimum custodial penalty of one year in prison and/or heavy fines. In 2009, several journalists were fined or imprisoned under these three laws. Although no one faced charges of libel, sedition, or false publication in 2010, the psychological impact of threatening remarks from the president’s office has driven editors to self-censorship, and dampens free speech among citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Literaturliste Für „Einführung in Die Moderne Afrikanische Musik“
    Literaturliste für „Einführung in die moderne afrikanische Musik“ Dozent: Dr. Wolfgang Bender Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Allgemeiner Teil: 1. Theorie S. 2 2. Produktion, Distribution & Archivwissenschaften S. 3 3. Afrikanische Musik allgemein S. 3 4. Moderne afrikanische Musik allgemein S. 5 5. Traditionelle afrikanische Musik allgemein S. 7 6. Weltmusik S. 8 7. Musik aus der Diaspora S. 9 8. Bibliographie S. 11 9. Zeitschriften S. 11 2. Länderspezifischer Teil: 10. Nordafrika S. 13 11. Westafrika S. 14 12. Frankophones Westafrika S. 14 13. Anglophones Westafrika S. 17 14. Zentralafrika S. 22 15. Horn von Afrika S. 25 16. Ostafrika S. 26 17. Süd-Zentralafrika S. 28 18. Südafrika S. 29 19. Lusophones Afrika S. 31 20. Inseln S. 32 1 1. Theorie: Agawu, Kofi: Representing African Music: Postcolonial notes, 2003 queries, positions. New York & London: Routledge Bröcker, Marianne (Hg.): Musik und Religion. 1992 Reihe: Bericht über die Jahrestagung des Nationalkomitees der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im International Council for Traditional Music; Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg, ICTM Bröcker, Marianne (Hg.): Musik und Symbol. Musik und Region. 1998 Reihe: Berichte über die Jahrestagung des Nationalkomitees der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im International Council for Traditional Music, Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg, ICTM Bröcker, Marianne (Hg.): Traditionelle Musik und ihre Funktion. 2001 Reihe: Berichte über die Jahrestagung des Nationalkomitees der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im International Council for Traditional Music, Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg, ICTM Nettl, Bruno: The Concept of Preservation in 1985 Ethnomusicology. In: Jackson, Irene V. (Hg.): More than Drumming. Essays on African and Afro-Latin American Music and Musicians. Westport: Greenwood Press Simon, Arthur: Ethnomusikologie: Aspekte, Methoden und 2008 Ziele. Berlin: Simon Verlag 2 2.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Chair
    AASR-Newsletter 20 (November 2003) 1 Jacob Kehinde Olupona AASR-President FROM THE CHAIR In February 2004, AASR will meet in Ghana to deliberate on the West Afri- can situation and to examine the role of religion in the social and cultural transformation of the region. The meeting also culminates our efforts to convene meetings in the three major regions of AASR activity on the conti- nent - Southern, Eastern, and Western Africa. I trust and hope that a good number of you will come. There are several reasons why we choose the top- ic of religion and social transformation. First, there is an explosion of religi- ous organisations and movements in West Africa – especially Pentecostal and Charismatic churches, Islamic groups, and neo-traditional religious movements. This exponential increase is unprecedented in West African history. With large number of adherents comes also physical growth of de- nominations, mosques, and temples in West African urban centers. Remark- ably, many religious organizations command larger numbers of constituents than some popular West African politicians and political leaders command. However, during the last two decades a sobering rift has risen between unprecedented growth and the mobilisation of West African masses to de- velop social and cultural transformation comparable to this growth. West Africa is a region embedded in war, violence, and enormous economic ‘crises’ certainly requiring critical intervention. Participants at the conference will examine possible roles religion may play in tackling these issues, as much as how religion itself is impli- cated in these crises. We are delighted that many members of AASR in Af- rica, Europe, and the United States indicated strong interests in attending this significant regional meeting! While in Ghana, members will also deliberate on the future of AASR, especially as we prepare for the IAHR Congress in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Mini-Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The
    A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Prevalence of Polygamous Marriages in the Gambia MINI-DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY HUMAN RIGHTS LAW CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA SUBMITTED BY NUHA SAIDY STUDENT NO: 15265545 SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR M HANSUNGULE May 2017 1 © University of Pretoria Declaration I declare that this mini dissertation is my original work. Where other peoples work has been used either from print or internet, this has been properly acknowledged and referenced in accordance with the requirements of the department. I have not used work previously produced by another student or any other person to hand in as my own. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature of student…………………………… Date………………………… 2 © University of Pretoria ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, author would like to express loving gratitude to her finance, Margrieta Jansen and her husband, Meinte, who all inspired the author to continue with the study, motivated and stood by the author in times of distress. I would also like to thank Prof. Michelo Hansugule, my thesis advisor, for his patience, guidance, wisdom, support and understanding in the formulation and completion of this paper. His kindness and understanding allowed this research to be conducted from beginning to end. I am also grateful to following people: Cristiano D’orsi, Peter Mendy (human rights activist in the Gambia) and Sherrif Kumba Jobe (Barrister and Solicitor) for their diligently and carefully reviewed all the drafts and provided insightful comments to make this mini-dissertation more meaningful, coherent and of the highest possible quality.
    [Show full text]
  • MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles
    www.westafricaninsight.org V ol 5. No 2. 2017 ISSN 2006-1544 WestIAN fSrI iGcHaT MOROCCO’s ACCESSION TO ECOWAS Centre for Democracy and Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial 2 ECOWAS Expansion Versus Integration: Dynamics and Realities 3 ISSUES AND OPTIONS In Morocco's Quest to 11 join the ECOWAS THE ACCESSION of The Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community 20 of West African States MOROCCO‟s APPLICATION TO JOIN ECOWAS: A SOFT-POWER ANALYSIS 27 MOROCCO AND ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles Centre for Democracy and Development W ebsit e: www .cddw estafrica.or g 16, A7 Street, Mount Pleasant Estate, : [email protected] Jabi-Airport Road, Mbora District, : @CDDWestAfrica Abuja, FCT. P.O.Box 14385 www.facebook.com 234 7098212524 Centr efor democracy .anddev elopment Kindly send us your feed back on this edition via: [email protected] Cover picture source: Other pictures source: Internet The Centre for Democracy and Development and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa are not responsible for the views expressed in this publication Chukwuemeka Eze makes the argument that Editorial Morocco's application to join ECOWAS is moved by his December, the Economic Community of self-interest. Morocco is seeking to position itself as a West African States (ECOWAS) has to decide continental power sitting at the top of the political whether Morocco's application to join should and economic table in Africa. By joining ECOWAS T Morocco would have additional opportunities and be accepted or thrown out. Jibrin Ibrahim makes the case that ECOWAS should not allow itself to be benefits in the international community and would stampeded into accepting Morocco into its fold also benefit from the Arab League quota as well as without thinking through the implications for its core West African quota.
    [Show full text]
  • USDA/FAS Food for Progress LIFFT-Cashew
    USDA/FAS Food for Progress LIFFT-Cashew SeGaBi Cashew Value Chain Study 2 March 2018 CONTACT Katarina Kahlmann Regional Director, West Africa TechnoServe [email protected] +1 917 971 6246 +225 76 34 43 74 Melanie Kohn Chief of Party, LIFFT-Cashew Shelter For Life International 1 [email protected] +1-763-253-4082 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 4 DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS 8 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 2 INTRODUCTION 13 3 METHODOLOGY 15 3.1 DESK RESEARCH AND LITERATURE REVIEW 15 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 16 3.3 ANALYSIS AND REPORT WRITING 16 3.4 A NOTE ON SENEGALESE AND GAMBIAN CASHEW SECTOR INFORMATION 17 4 GENERAL CASHEW BACKGROUND INFORMATION 18 4.1 PRODUCTION 18 4.2 SEASONALITY 20 4.3 PROCESSING 22 4.4 CASHEW AND CLIMATE CHANGE 24 5 OVERVIEW AND TRENDS OF GLOBAL CASHEW SECTOR 26 5.1 GLOBAL KERNEL DEMAND 26 5.2 PRODUCTION 31 5.3 PROCESSING 36 5.4 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 40 6 REGIONAL OVERVIEW 44 6.1 REGIONAL RCN TRADE 46 6.2 REGIONAL POLICIES AND COLLABORATION 50 6.3 ACCESS TO FINANCE 51 6.4 MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS 56 7 GUINEA-BISSAU VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 58 7.1 VALUE CHAIN OVERVIEW 61 7.2 SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS 64 7.3 PRODUCTION 67 7.4 RCN TRADE 74 7.5 PROCESSING 76 7.6 MARKET LINKAGES 82 7.7 KERNEL MARKETS 83 8 SENEGAL VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 85 8.1 VALUE CHAIN OVERVIEW 86 2 8.2 SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS 89 8.3 PRODUCTION 90 8.4 RCN TRADE 100 8.5 PROCESSING 101 8.6 MARKET LINKAGES 106 8.7 KERNEL MARKETS 107 9 THE GAMBIA VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 109 9.1 VALUE CHAIN OVERVIEW 110 9.2 SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS 113 9.3 PRODUCTION 114 9.4 RCN TRADE 119 9.5 PROCESSING 120
    [Show full text]
  • Tubabs in Africa Study Guide
    DOCUMENTARYDOCUMENTARY EDUCATIONALEDUCATIONAL RESOURCESRESOURCES DOCUMENTARY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Film Guide for Tubabs In Africa A Teacher’s Guide for the Classroom Synopsis Objectives The Gambia is one of the smallest and least developed countries • The student will compare and contrast his or her own life, envi- in Western Africa, bordered by Senegal and the Atlantic Ocean. Filmmakers Amy Flannery, Mary Flannery, and Michael Ford ronment and culture with that of contemporary Gambians. followed eight college students and their professor from St. Mary’s College of Maryland to The Gambia for culture and language • The student will analyze the impact of colonialism, imperialism training, extensive travel, and ethnographic fieldwork. After two weeks of language and culture training near the coastal capital and slavery upon developing Gambia. city of Banjul, the students travel in country to rural Bajakunda where they encounter the stark realities of a developing country: no • The student will explore issues of identity and power between the running water, no electricity, and dirt roads. Upon their return to the capital, Anne works in a women’s communal garden, Summer US and The Gambia. assists midwifes, and Andrew goes ten miles offshore with local fisherman in a wooden pirogue. Together, the students explore dif- • The student will evaluate documentary film for its objectivity, ferences between African and American culture, language, religion, work, and living conditions. thoroughness, and/or anthropological uses. Suggested Uses A film by Amy Flannery, Mary Flannery, Michael Ford Grades 6-12: Geography, Social Studies, Anthropology, Biology, Color, 56 minutes, 30 seconds, ©2003 World History; or, twelve to eighteen year olds.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Violence
    Religion and Violence Edited by John L. Esposito Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions www.mdpi.com/journal/religions John L. Esposito (Ed.) Religion and Violence This book is a reprint of the special issue that appeared in the online open access journal Religions (ISSN 2077-1444) in 2015 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/ReligionViolence). Guest Editor John L. Esposito Georgetown University Washington Editorial Office MDPI AG Klybeckstrasse 64 Basel, Switzerland Publisher Shu-Kun Lin Assistant Editor Jie Gu 1. Edition 2016 MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan ISBN 978-3-03842-143-6 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-144-3 (PDF) © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, the dissemination and distribution of physical copies of this book as a whole is restricted to MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. III Table of Contents List of Contributors ............................................................................................................... V Preface ............................................................................................................................... VII Jocelyne Cesari Religion and Politics: What Does God Have To Do with It? Reprinted from: Religions 2015, 6(4), 1330-1344 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/6/4/1330 ............................................................................ 1 Mark LeVine When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World Reprinted from: Religions 2015, 6(4), 1277-1313 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/6/4/1277 .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Memory, Power and Knowledge in African Music and Beyond
    MEMORY, POWER AND KNOWLEDGE IN AFRICAN MUSIC AND BEYOND June 10–13, 2015 Dhow Countries Music Academy, Zanzibar, Tanzania Dhow Countries Music Academy Zanzibar University of University of African Music Center for Cape Coast Maiduguri Archives World Music TABLE OF CONTENTS MEMORY, POWER AND KNOWLEDGE IN AFRICAN MUSIC AND BEYOND 3 Introduction This conference seeks to explore, both from historical and contemporary perspectives, the nexus between memory, power, and knowledge in the music of Africa and its 4 Words of Welcome various diasporas. These explorations encompass the history and politics of sound Center for World Music, Hildesheim archiving and scholarly practices as much as intersections of memory, power, and Dhow Countries Music Academy, Zanzibar knowledge in musical performance itself. The contexts within which we would like Volkswagen Foundation to examine this broader field include, but are not limited to, the realms of popular University of Cape Coast culture, politics, religion, as well as education. Throughout history, music has been University of Hildesheim University of Maiduguri a crucial means in the representation of power and status as well as the negotiation African Music Archives, Mainz of individual and collective identities. As a repository of knowledge, musical practice often functions as a form of social memory, which we understand not as 12 Conference Programme a static entity but as a dynamic field within shifting power relations on both the local and translocal level. Media technology has, over more than a century now, played an 20 The Zanzibar Taraab/Kidumbak Ensemble important role in the reconfiguration of this nexus, and particularly the rise of 21 Keynote Abstracts electronic media in recent years has changed and accelerated its dynamics.
    [Show full text]