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Office Lighting Free dissemination (Contract- TREN/D1/40-2005/LOT8/S07.56452) Preparatory Studies for Eco-design Requirements of EuPs Final Report Lot 8: Office lighting P. Van Tichelen, B. Jansen , T. Geerken, M. Vanden Bosch (Laborelec), V. VanHoof, L. Vanhooydonck (Kreios), A. Vercalsteren Study for the European Commission DGTREN unit D3, contact: Andras Toth Contractor Subcontractors: 2007/ETE/R/115 VITO April 2007 DISCLAIMER & IMPORTANT NOTE The authors accept no liability for any material or immaterial direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this report or its content. Note: This report contains the results of research by the authors and is not to be perceived as the opinion of the European Commission. In a multi-stakeholder consultation a number of groups and experts provided comments on a preliminary draft of this report prepared by Vito. The report was then revised, benefiting from stakeholder perspectives and input. The views expressed in the report remain those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission or the individuals and organisations that participated in the consultation. TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................ 13 1 PRODUCT DEFINITION ................................................................. 17 1.1 Product category and performance assessment ..............................17 1.1.1 System boundary and technical product definition.................................................17 1.1.2 Prodcom classification of office luminaires, lamps and ballasts..............................21 1.1.3 Performance requirements for office lighting.........................................................22 1.1.4 Segmentation of luminaires...................................................................................24 1.1.5 Segmentation of ballasts.......................................................................................27 1.1.6 Segmentation of lamps .........................................................................................30 1.1.7 Functional unit for office lighting..........................................................................33 1.2 Lighting test standards or guidelines...............................................34 1.2.1 Standards and guidelines related to the functional unit ..........................................34 1.2.2 Other test standards and guidelines not related to the functional unit....................39 1.3 Existing legislation............................................................................44 1.3.1 Legislation and Agreements at European Community level...................................44 1.3.2 Legislation at Member State level.........................................................................48 1.3.3 Third Country Legislation ....................................................................................48 2 ECONOMIC AND MARKET ANALYSIS ...................................... 53 2.1 Generic economic data .....................................................................53 2.1.1 Data retrieval .......................................................................................................53 2.1.2 Generic economic data lamps ...............................................................................54 2.1.3 Generic economic data ballasts.............................................................................56 2.1.4 Generic economic data luminaires.........................................................................58 2.1.5 Overview and conclusions....................................................................................59 2.2 Market and stock data......................................................................60 2.2.1 Data retrieval .......................................................................................................61 2.2.2 Current sales lamps ..............................................................................................62 2.2.3 Current sales office luminaires ..............................................................................67 2.2.4 Current sales ballasts............................................................................................67 2.2.5 Current stock lamps in offices...............................................................................69 2.2.6 Current stock of ballasts in offices ........................................................................72 2.2.7 Current installed base: lighting control..................................................................73 2.2.8 Current stock luminaires in offices........................................................................75 2.2.9 Past and future stock of office luminaires..............................................................76 2.3 Market trends ...................................................................................83 2.3.1 General trends in product design and features from marketing point of view .........83 2.3.2 Description of market and production structure and identification of major players85 2.3.3 Duration of redesign cycle of the EuP...................................................................86 2.3.4 Latest consumer tests...........................................................................................87 2.4 Consumer expenditure data .............................................................88 2.4.1 Product prices......................................................................................................88 2.4.2 Electricity rates ....................................................................................................89 3 2.4.3 Repair, maintenance and installation costs ............................................................91 2.4.4 Interest and inflation rate......................................................................................91 3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE 93 3.1 Definition of 'consumer' ...................................................................93 3.2 Real Life Efficiency and quantification of relevant parameters.....94 3.2.1 Lamp efficacy, lamp efficiency, lamp colour spectra and the sensitivity of the human eye.......................................................................................................................94 3.2.2 Influence of maintenance factors (LMF, LLMF, RSMF).......................................96 3.2.3 User influence on switching schemes (annual operating time)................................98 3.2.4 External factors influencing energy consumption during real use.........................100 3.3 End-of Life behaviour related to consumers .................................103 3.4 Local infra-structure and facilities ................................................105 3.4.1 Influence of local infrastructure on the lighting installation..................................105 3.4.2 Influence on the number of lamps per ballast.......................................................108 3.4.3 Impact of the over dimensioning of the task area relative to the surrounding area in real circumstances ..............................................................................................108 3.4.4 Lack of interest by the office building owner ......................................................109 3.4.5 Lack of knowledge or skilled subcontractors ......................................................109 3.4.6 Lack of user acceptance for automatic control systems.......................................109 4 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING PRODUCTS..................... 111 4.1 Production phase ............................................................................111 4.1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................111 4.1.2 Lamps production ..............................................................................................113 4.1.3 Ballasts (control gear) production.......................................................................114 4.1.4 Luminaires production........................................................................................118 4.2 Distribution phase...........................................................................119 4.3 Use phase (product) ........................................................................119 4.3.1 Rated annual resources consumption (energy, lamps) during product life according to the test standards defined in chapter 1 ................................................................120 4.3.2 Assessment of resources consumption (energy, lamps) during product life in off- standard conditions (i.e. at variable load)............................................................134 4.4 Use phase (system)..........................................................................134 4.5 End-of-life phase.............................................................................139 5 DEFINITION OF THE BASE CASE ............................................. 141 5.1 Product-specific inputs ...................................................................143 5.2 Base case Environmental Impact Assessment...............................147 5.3 Life Cycle Costs ..............................................................................152 5.4 EU Totals ........................................................................................153 6 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BAT AND BNAT................................
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