DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview of Safety Measures at Selected Airports During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview of Safety Measures at Selected Airports During the COVID-19 Pandemic sustainability Article Overview of Safety Measures at Selected Airports during the COVID-19 Pandemic Monika Blišt’anová , Michaela Tirpáková * and L’ubomíra Br ˚unová Department of Air Traffic Management, Faculty of Aeronautics, Technical University of Košice, 040-01 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (L’.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The year 2020 was very challenging for the whole world, given the outbreak of the ongoing coronavirus-related pandemic, and was marked in particular by overcoming new hitherto unknown obstacles. For air transport, in particular, airlines stopped flying altogether and were forced to ground hundreds of planes worldwide involuntarily. Airports had to close their terminals for a long time, wholly suspend operations, and its resumption required significant organizational changes. This article summarizes the measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic adopted by airports to minimize the risk of spreading the disease. The article focuses on countermeasures and their implementation at selected airports in a specific time frame and airports’ behavior during a pandemic which varies depending on country and time of the year. The results demonstrated that steps being taken at airports include the use of face coverings or masks, social distance, enhanced cleaning and disinfection, or temperature checks and/or symptoms (fever, loss of smell, chills, cough, shortness of breath), RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) screening and data collection with health declaration. These measures have now become an essential standard for the operation of airports and can, therefore, be used to assess the level of airport safety achieved. Citation: Blišt’anová, M.; Tirpáková, In the final phase, the article evaluates the level of achieved airport safety based on the proposed M.; Br ˚unová,L’.Overview of Safety scoring method. Measures at Selected Airports during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Keywords: safety; safety measures; pandemic; airports Sustainability 2021, 13, 8499. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su13158499 Academic Editors: Armando Cartenì 1. Introduction and Ilaria Henke Since early cases were identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Received: 29 June 2021 coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading rapidly [1,2]. The outbreak of COVID-19 Accepted: 28 July 2021 Published: 29 July 2021 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11 2020, and now it is considered global, with significant autochthonous transmission in different Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral countries [3]. The virus that causes COVID-19 is released, primarily in droplets that can be with regard to jurisdictional claims in propelled a short distance away and in smaller aerosol particles that can stay suspended published maps and institutional affil- and move further. If these particles enter a person’s mouth or nose, either directly or iations. through hands, another person may be infected. In some cases, transmission via surface contact is also probable [4,5]. According to the WHO, it takes 5–6 days after being infected for symptoms to become visible. The common symptoms are fever, cough, tiredness and headache [6]. The WHO declared Europe the epicenter of the latest 2019 coronavirus pandemic on March 13 2020, with more confirmed cases and deaths than the rest of Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. the globe combined. As the novel coronavirus pandemic spread worldwide in March This article is an open access article 2020, travel restrictions were introduced in many European countries and worldwide [7]. distributed under the terms and Nations worldwide have adopted various approaches to handle arising issues. States conditions of the Creative Commons have used travel bans, the closure of borders (lockdowns) and restrictions on people’s Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// mobility to reduce the virus’s spread [8]. Europe took various mobility containment creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The main reason is that mobility data at 4.0/). the EU scale can improve knowledge of the dynamics of the pandemic and probably Sustainability 2021, 13, 8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158499 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2021, 13, 8499 2 of 14 limit the result of future waves [9]. Tourist mobilities helped COVID-19 become a global pandemic. Due to mobilities being a proper theoretical framing where positions tourism is a part of everyday life, the disease spread so quickly [10]. According to the study by the authors of [11], the relationship between positive COVID-19 cases and transport accessibility of an area was investigated within a multiple linear regression model. The estimation outcomes reveal that transportation accessibility was the variable that better described the number of COVID-19 infections, indicating that the larger the accessibility of a particular geographic area, the easier the virus reaches its population. The COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted air transport mobility internationally and the airline industry in general. Numerous airline travel restrictions have been imposed, potentially leading to significant long-term effects on the global airline industry [12]. Aviation is one of the industries that has been experiencing most problems due to the results of the pandemic outbreak, despite apparently being one of its most significant initial drivers [13]. However, most studies demonstrated that contracting COVID-19 during air travel is lower than from an office, classroom, supermarket, or train. Air travel might appear such as the ideal way for COVID-19 transmission: it carries many people into a limited space, often for hours at a time. However, many modern aircraft have great high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that catch more than 99 per cent of particles in the air, including microbes as SARS- CoV-2 [14]. However, being in a plane and flying might not even be the most dangerous part of travel. According to studies [15,16] the more hazardous part is staying at the airport. Airports are potentially dangerous places for swapping microbes. They’re closed in, with no open windows and a high concentration of people, especially during peak hours. The crisis has forced the aviation industry (especially airports) to adapt to the situation quickly. With many aircraft grounded due to a substantial decrease in passenger demand, the civil aviation authorities, airlines and airports try to find alternate, quick and effective measures to survive as the crisis continues worldwide [17]. While the pandemic could not be entirely stopped, air travel partly returned to service, and passengers could use airline services during the summer of 2020. It was conditional on strict hygiene and health measures being followed, not only onboard the aircraft but also at the airports. It was essential to realize that stopping the disease worldwide can be ensured by appropriate measures already at the airport. There is a high concentration of passengers and, at the same time, if an infected case boards the aircraft, measures are often unnecessary. Passengers are exposed to a much higher risk of infection. Nevertheless, most research concentrates directly on the flight and transmission of the virus onboard the aircraft or the overall impact caused by the pandemic, with little mention of the spread of the virus at airports or the adoption of measures. There are various national and international strategies or recommendations that allow and help adapt to the situation. However, the truth is that they differ significantly, and what applies at one airport may not be of use at an airport in a neighboring state. It is precisely this fact that may raise the question of how safe individual airports are. Public health measures aim to prevent the person-to-person spread of disease by separating people to interrupt transmission. The used tools are isolation and quarantine, social distancing and community containment. All these tools are being applied at an unprecedentedly large scale [18,19]. Preventive measures are the primary approach to limit the spread of cases. Still, unless these measures are already taken at the airport, there is a high probability that an infected passenger will board the aircraft. The most fundamental strategy is to wear face masks, constantly wash hands, use compact hand sanitizer and avoid touching the face and mouth after interacting with a probably contaminated environment. Although the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic proceeded more slowly, the second wave appeared much more aggressive, with many more cases [20]. A relaxation of lockdowns and the public’s loosening of precautionary behaviors during summer 2020 has seen recorded cases and deaths rise across Europe [21]. As the second wave emerged in the rapidly spreading disease and many infected people, there is an essential requirement for efficient infection prevention and control measures. Even though the second (August–September 2020) and third waves (November 2020–present) began with growing social activity with Sustainability 2021, 13, 8499 3 of 14 lower social distancing, the spread was decreased successfully by the rapid strengthening of social distancing policies through the initial stages. Despite considerable numbers of studies [22–24] there is still only limited evidence assessing anti-pandemic measures for air travel or everyday life. 2. Theoretical Background Airports had to adjust to the new requirements and measures arising from the adopted situation. It entered into force in the May 2020 Doc 10144 ICAO Handbook for Civil Avia- tion Authorities (CAAs) on the Management of Aviation Safety Risks related to COVID-19, the ICAO’s response to the pandemic to prevent the spread of the virus and ensure the safe operation of air traffic. The ICAO developed the content with the support of aviation safety management experts. Addressing a pandemic situation requires cooperation and commu- nication at international, national and regional levels.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Do Regional Airlines in Eastern Europe Have the Right to Survive in the European Single Sky Environment?
    AVIATION ISSN 1648-7788 / eISSN 1822-4180 2017 Volume 21(4): 155–161 doi:10.3846/16487788.2017.1415226 DO REGIONAL AIRLINES IN EASTERN EUROPE HAVE THE RIGHT TO SURVIVE IN THE EUROPEAN SINGLE SKY ENVIRONMENT? Sven KUKEMELK1, 2 1Nordic Aviation Group, Sepise 1, Tallinn, 11415, Estonia 2Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Economics and Business Administration, Akadeemia tee 3, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia E-mail: [email protected] Received 15 June 2017; accepted 06 December 2017 Sven KUKEMELK Education: Estonian Aviation Academy (2010), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (2012), Tallinn University of Technology, PhD studies (since 2013). Experience: 7 years of experience in network planning and aviation business analysis. Research interests: network planning, fleet development, commercial management. Present position: CEO of Nordic Aviation Advisory, Executive Director for Business Development at Nordic Aviation Group. Abstract. The European aviation market can be characterised by extreme growth and turbulence ever since the markets were deregulated and low cost carriers emerged on the continent. Initially the biggest toll was paid by main legacy carriers when low costs emerged on trunk routes, which lead to the bankruptcy of Sabena, Swiss airlines and Spanair. However, once big legacy carriers started merging and creating more alliances, sustainability was once again reached. Despite this, as low cost carriers entered the Eastern-European market and looked to stimulate even smaller regional routes, smaller carriers started to suffer. This article is assessing the status quo of the current European region- al aviation, highlighting the recent trends and ultimately coming to a conclusion that regional airlines can be sustaina- ble provided that certain key criteria have been met.
    [Show full text]
  • Passengers at Frankfurt Airport
    Passengers at Frankfurt Airport Top 3 Destinations by world region Frankfurt Airport (FRA) is Germany’s global gateway and one of the world’s largest aviation Age Group hubs. In 2019, over 70 million passengers departed, arrived or connected to another flight via under 30 years 16 % Berlin TXL London LHR FRA. Who are these passengers passing through the terminals or seated on the planes at FRA? 30 – 39 years 26 % Hamburg HAM Palma PMI Where do they come from and where are they flying to? To find this out, Fraport (the owner and Europe* Germany operator of Frankfurt Airport) has been continuously conducting passenger surveys since 1991. Munich MUC Vienna VIE 40 – 49 years 31 % Each month, some 2,400 passengers on average are surveyed on topics such as age, residency, Johannesburg JNB Dubai DXB or reason for flying. Did you know, for example, that passengers stay at FRA for an average of 50 – 59 years 20 % Hurghada HRG Shanghai PVG 2 hours and 19 minutes per journey? over 60 years 7 % Asia Africa Cairo CAI Seoul ICN New York JFK São Paulo GRU Country of origin/residence Toronto YYZ Rio de Janeiro GIG Other countries 22.3 % Chicago ORD Cancún CUN South America North America *excluding Germany 54.6 % 45.4 % Germany Average number of flights by business and leisure U.S. 9.8 % passengers (per year) U.K. 3.9 % Austria 3.6 % Italy 3.3 % 5.3 France 2.9 % Sweden 1.8 % 11.1 flights Spain 2.6 % Canada 2.2 % flights 2.2 Reason for flying Reason for flying Switzerland 2.2 % flights All travelers 35 % 65 % Business Leisure Mode of ground access to FRA Leisure travelers Business travelers Private car 40 % Passenger split Taxi 20 % S-Bahn metropolitan train 14 % ICE/ 11 % 39 % 61 % Long-distance train Female Male Private Transfer 54 % 46 % Origin & shuttle service 5 % passengers Destination Rental car 4 % passengers Others 3 % Survey methodology: Ongoing individual interviews with passengers i (from a representative sample of passengers, selected at random).
    [Show full text]
  • EQUINIX INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS EXCHANGE™ (IBX®) and Xscale™ DATA CENTER QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
    EQUINIX INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS EXCHANGE™ (IBX®) AND xSCALE™ DATA CENTER QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Updated July 2021 NORTH AMERICA IBX ADDRESS LOCATION OWNERSHIP COLO SQ M COLO SQ FT BUILDING TYPE AT1 Atlanta 180 Peachtree Street NW • 11 mi (18 km) from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Intl Leased 7,469 80,397 6-story, reinforced steel and concrete with 2nd, 3rd and 6th Floors Airport (ATL) brick face Atlanta, GA 30303 AT2 Atlanta 56 Marietta Street NW • 11 mi (18 km) from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Intl Leased 602 6,475 10-story, concrete steel structure, glass 5th Floor Airport (ATL) face Atlanta, GA 30303 AT3 Atlanta 56 Marietta Street NW • 11 mi (18 km) from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Intl Leased 872 9,390 10-story, concrete steel structure, glass 6th Floor Airport (ATL) face Atlanta, GA 30303 AT4 Atlanta 450 Interstate North Parkway • 21 mi (34 km) from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Intl Owned 6,204 66,774 2-story, steel-framed building with Atlanta, GA 30339 Airport (ATL) concrete block over steel frame AT5 Atlanta 2836 Peterson Place NW • 28 mi (45 km) from Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Intl Leased 1,982 21,337 1-story, steel-framed building with Norcross, GA 30071 Airport (ATL) concrete block and brick veneer BO2 Boston 41 Alexander Road • 21 mi (33 km) from Logan Intl Airport (BOS) Owned 7,036 75,734 1-story, tilt-up concrete panels over steel Billerica, MA 01821 CH1 Chicago 350 East Cermak Road • 10 mi (17 km) from Midway Intl Airport (MDW) Leased 4,737 50,992 9-story (main section), two-way flat slab 5th Floor concrete construction (existing
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives Annual Report 2011 Introduction Company Profile and Strategy Service Portfolio Communication and Social Responsibility
    Annual Report 2011 Report Annual Perspectives Annual Report 2011 Introduction Company profile and strategy Service portfolio Communication and social responsibility Perspectives. We are an airport operator. We run a major piece of aviation infrastructure – part of an international, interconnected transport network that sustains global mobility and unites people across national boundaries. We are also a responsible corporate citizen who seeks an open, fair and balanced dialogue with stake - holders and interest groups and for whom the long-term protec- tion of the environment, climate and natural resources is para- mount. As such, we pursue a forward-looking business strategy intended to strike a successful balance between business, envi- ronmental and social objectives. We provide our dedicated work- force with the training and continuing education they need to be their best; we offer attractive, long-term employment; and we deliver valuable economic and labor-market stimulus with a reach far beyond the bounds of our airport. Our goal: to create value – for our customers, employees, owners and host region. Workforce and work environment Environmental and climate protection Financial review Sustainable development Motivation Munich Airport is a key hub for domestic German and international air traffic. Our de- sire as the airport’s operating company is to unite the world’s people, markets and con- tinents. People – our passengers, business partners, employees and neighbors – are the main motivating force behind everything we do. They drive and inspire us to be our best. Economy Environment Social equity Introduction Company profile and strategy Service portfolio Communication and social responsibility Perspectives 2011 Motivation Markets Message Economy Our goal is to sharpen our cus- tomer focus and enhance the appeal of the products and services we offer air travelers and visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd Joint Meeting of US and European DIERS User Group
    2nd Joint Meeting of US and European DIERS User Group 10th -12th JUNE 2015 MARITIM HOTEL DÜSSELDORF (GERMANY) CONFERENCE VENUE The Conference will be held at: Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf Maritim Platz 1 D-40474 Düsseldorf, Germany DATE AND TIME Wednesday, 10th June 2015, 08:30 am – Friday, 12th June 2015, 06:00 pm ACCOMMODATION Please make sure to take care of booking a hotel room yourself. We have reserved a contingent of single rooms in the Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf Nights between Special price Keyword Reservations via Maritim Hotel +49 211 52091456 9th -12th June 2015 169€/night incl. breakfast DIERS-REMBE [email protected] The special rates are guaranteed for bookings made by 13th April 2015. Alternative Hotels: Holyday-Inn Hotel Ratingen and Lindner Hotel Airport with fares starting from 100€ per night. These two hotels include free of charge Shuttle Service to reach the terminal B, which is less than a 5-minute walk to the Conference Hotel. TRAVELING Maritim Hotel Düsseldorf is located right next to the airport terminals and can be reached by a 5- minute walk via the pedestrian bridge. 1 By plane: There are several airlines which fly directly to Düsseldorf International Airport. *Please note that some Lufthansa flights flying to Frankfurt Airport, with connection flight to Düsseldorf Airport operate by train (DeutscheBahn) between both airports and not by plane. It is desirable to book a direct flight to Düsseldorf Airport. By train: Düsseldorf International Airport has two railway stations: (http://www.dus.com/dus_en/bahn/) • “Düsseldorf Airport Station” (Düsseldorf Flughafen) is located at the eastern end of the airport site.
    [Show full text]
  • Das »Münchner Modell« – Vorbild Für Die Ganze Branche
    / Aircraft Noise and Aircraft Noise Abatement The environment at Munich Airport Living ideas – Connecting lives D2 Contents 4 Munich Airport in comparison 8 Causes of noise 11 Noise research 14 Air traffic basics 16 Planning flight procedures 18 Aircraft noise monitoring 22 Reducing aircraft noise 32 Legal requirements 35 Appendix 36 Glossary 38 Imprint D3 Foreword Air traffic is a major factor in societal development. It helps to secure Germany's economic place in the face of international competition and has immense signifi- cance in times of increasing globalization. It makes a substantial contribution not only to exports, but also to the needs of the population in terms of mobility and well-being. Air traffic also means noise, however. The subject of aircraft noise and complete protection for residents is a chief con- cern for Munich Airport in dialog with the neighborhood. We, together with the air- lines and air traffic control, have for many years been actively engaged in all areas of noise abatement in order to take account of the local residents’ need for rest. Aircraft noise must also be considered and assessed against traffic noise as a whole. The figures show air traffic as a whole to cause the least traffic noise by far, and no other mode of transport has achieved as much success in reducing noise through technological innovations over the past decades as air traffic. We want to find the right balance based on the legal situation between the in- terests of residents and the environment and the requirements of industry and people’s needs for mobility.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts & Figures & Figures
    OCTOBER 2019 FACTS & FIGURES & FIGURES THE STAR ALLIANCE NETWORK RADAR The Star Alliance network was created in 1997 to better meet the needs of the frequent international traveller. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION Combined Total of the current Star Alliance member airlines: FOR ALLIANCE EXECUTIVES Total revenue: 179.04 BUSD Revenue Passenger 1,739,41 bn Km: Daily departures: More than Annual Passengers: 762,27 m 19,000 Countries served: 195 Number of employees: 431,500 Airports served: Over 1,300 Fleet: 5,013 Lounges: More than 1,000 MEMBER AIRLINES Aegean Airlines is Greece’s largest airline providing at its inception in 1999 until today, full service, premium quality short and medium haul services. In 2013, AEGEAN acquired Olympic Air and through the synergies obtained, network, fleet and passenger numbers expanded fast. The Group welcomed 14m passengers onboard its flights in 2018. The Company has been honored with the Skytrax World Airline award, as the best European regional airline in 2018. This was the 9th time AEGEAN received the relevant award. Among other distinctions, AEGEAN captured the 5th place, in the world's 20 best airlines list (outside the U.S.) in 2018 Readers' Choice Awards survey of Condé Nast Traveler. In June 2018 AEGEAN signed a Purchase Agreement with Airbus, for the order of up to 42 new generation aircraft of the 1 MAY 2019 FACTS & FIGURES A320neo family and plans to place additional orders with lessors for up to 20 new A/C of the A320neo family. For more information please visit www.aegeanair.com. Total revenue: USD 1.10 bn Revenue Passenger Km: 11.92 m Daily departures: 139 Annual Passengers: 7.19 m Countries served: 44 Number of employees: 2,498 Airports served: 134 Joined Star Alliance: June 2010 Fleet size: 49 Aircraft Types: A321 – 200, A320 – 200, A319 – 200 Hub Airport: Athens Airport bases: Thessaloniki, Heraklion, Rhodes, Kalamata, Chania, Larnaka Current as of: 14 MAY 19 Air Canada is Canada's largest domestic and international airline serving nearly 220 airports on six continents.
    [Show full text]
  • Airport Classification Based on Cargo Characteristics Robert
    Airport Classification based on Cargo Characteristics Robert Mayer* *Centre for Air Transport Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0TR, UK Tel.: +44 (0)1234 754971, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Air cargo has received little attention in airport research. In this paper, 114 airports are grouped according to their cargo business characteristics. Applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, the paper uses absolute (cargo tonnage) and relative measures (share of cargo work load units, of freighter movements and of international cargo) to establish the reliance of different airport types and groupings on air cargo. Eight distinct clusters are identified which show clear differences in the characteristics of the sample with regards to cargo activities. Geographic patterns of these airports are also revealed. For example, North American and European airports are characterised by features unique to these regions. Airports that are highly dependent on air cargo tend to benefit from a central location within networks of cargo airlines, while other airports with high cargo volumes generate these as a result of significant belly-capacity of passenger operations. Understanding the heterogeneity of cargo airports is important for future benchmarking studies in this field. 1 Introduction Airports fulfil a vital function in the air transport system by providing key infrastructure to the industry. Traditionally their (physical) output is measured by passenger numbers, aircraft movements and cargo tonnage (Graham, 2005) but also non-aeronautical service outputs (Oum and Yu, 2004). Airports Council International (ACI) identify five measures of airports’ core activities; namely, passengers, origination and destination passengers, aircraft movements, freight or mail loaded/unloaded, and destinations (nonstop) (ACI, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Dublin Airport Economic Impact Study
    Dublin Airport Economic Impact Study Final Report Prepared by InterVISTAS Consulting April 2017 on behalf of daa Dublin Airport Economic Impact Study ii Dublin Airport Economic Impact Study Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Defining Economic Impact 5 1.1 Categories of Economic Impact 6 2. Methodology for the Economic Impact Study 9 2.1 Updating the Previous Economic Impact Study 10 3. Overview of Dublin Airport 12 3.1 Air Passenger Movements 13 3.2 Overview of Dublin Airport’s Air Services 15 3.3 Measuring Airport Connectivity 18 4. Current Economic Contribution of Dublin Airport 25 4.1 Direct, Indirect and Induced Impacts 26 4.2 Catalytic Impacts 27 4.3 Total Impacts 29 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations 32 Appendix A: 34 Further Information on the Input-Output Tables and the Economic Multipliers Appendix B: 37 Overview of Catalytic Impacts 1 Dublin Airport Economic impact Study Dublin Airport Economic Impact Study Executive Summary The current economic impact of Dublin daa had previously commissioned a study of the Airport: combining the direct, indirect, economic impact of Dublin Airport based on 2013 traffic and employment levels. These economic impact induced and catalytic impacts, Dublin Airport estimates have been updated to reflect 2016 traffic and currently generates or facilitates 117,300 activity levels, and are summarised in Figure ES-1. jobs and generates €8.3 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA).1 Direct employment supported by ongoing operations at Dublin Airport (e.g., daa, airlines, air traffic control, ground handlers, airport security, immigration, customs, airport As a small, open economy, Ireland is crucially dependent retail, etc.) amounts to 19,200 jobs.
    [Show full text]
  • Arriving at Koelnmesse
    Arriving at Koelnmesse Arriving by public transportation Arriving by air Underground Lines 1 and 9: “Bahnhof Deutz” station We generally advise our guests to travel by rail from The South Entrance is approx. three minutes walk from the Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf and Frankfurt airports to platform at this station. Cologne. Alternatively you can take a taxi or arrange a hire car. Underground Lines 3 and 4: “Koelnmesse” station Lines 3 and 4 stop directly at the East Entrance. Cologne-Bonn Airport (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 16 km) Cologne-Bonn Airport has its own station called “Köln/Bonn Arriving by the Deutsche Bahn (German Railways) Flughafen”. In the airport, follow the signs to the train platforms. Cologne “Messe/Deutz” train station Here you can either take the No. 13 suburban railway (in the (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 0.3 km) direction of Horrem) or the Regional Express (in the direction of We recommend you to arrive at Cologne “Messe/Deutz” train Mönchengladbach) to the station “Köln Messe/Deutz”, located station. From there the South Entrance is approx. three minutes adjacent to the exhibition centre. The trip from the airport takes walk away. about 12 minutes. (Further information “Arriving by the Deutsche Bahn/German Railways”) Cologne Main Station (Hauptbahnhof) (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 1.5 km) Düsseldorf Airport If your train arrives at Cologne Main Station, there are four ways (Distance Koelnmesse: approx. 65 km) to get from there to Koelnmesse: Düsseldorf airport has its own station called “Flughafen Düsseldorf”. After leaving customs, follow the signs in the airport 1. By foot over the “Hohenzollern” bridge to the Sky Train.
    [Show full text]
  • Functioning of Selected Airports in Poland
    Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Transport Volume 112 2021 p-ISSN: 0209-3324 e-ISSN: 2450-1549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.11 Journal homepage: http://sjsutst.polsl.pl Article citation information: Macioszek, E. Functioning of selected airports in Poland. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport. 2021, 112, 135-144. ISSN: 0209-3324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.7.11 Elżbieta MACIOSZEK1 FUNCTIONING OF SELECTED AIRPORTS IN POLAND Summary. Nowadays, air transport is treated as a dynamically developing sector of the world economy. The technological solutions used in this kind of transport are highly advanced; thus, generate high costs, ranging from research through production to the implementation phase. Due to its technological advancement, air transport has several significant advantages over other kinds of transport. This paper presents the characteristics of selected airports in Poland together with statistical data characterising the functioning of the airports. In addition, the plans in recent years regarding the development of air transport infrastructure in Poland were summarised. Keywords: transportation, air transport, civil engineering and transportation 1. INTRODUCTION Air transport is the fastest and safest kind of transport for people and goods in the world. The importance of air transport on a global scale is constantly growing. The increase in the share of this kind of transport is majorly responsible for the development trends and intensification of international economic relations, as well as for the use of foreign investment capital and the generation of a high percentage in the tourism sector.
    [Show full text]
  • American Airlines in Europe American Operates up to 434 Weekly Flights Between Europe and the United States
    American Airlines in Europe American operates up to 434 weekly flights between Europe and the United States. Overview • From its hubs in the United States, American offers connections to nearly 350 cities in over 50 countries worldwide, with approximately 6,700 daily flights. • American now offers up to 62 daily flights between Europe and Chicago O’Hare (ORD), Charlotte (CLT), Dallas Fort Worth (DFW), Los Angeles (LAX), Miami (MIA), New York (JFK), Philadelphia (PHL) and Raleigh/ Durham (RDU). • American has dedicated sales offices in Amsterdam, Dublin, Frankfurt, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Rome and Zürich. • American has a dedicated reservations center in Liverpool, England, handling European reservations queries, AAdvantage customers, special assistance and ticketing. • American has dedicated Admirals Club lounges in London Heathrow, Terminal 3 (LHR) and Paris Charles de Gaulle, Terminal 2A (CDG American also has a Flagship First Class lounge and an Arrivals Lounge in Heathrow Terminal 3, the only one of its kind in the airline’s network. • Beginning May 6th, 2017, American will launch new seasonal services from Rome Fiumicino Airport (FCO) and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS) to Dallas/ Fort Worth and from Barcelona El Prat Airport (BCN) to Chicago O’Hare. Leadership in Europe • Olympia Colasante, Managing Director – London Heathrow • Andy Kynoch, Director – European Operations • Ivonne Brauburger, Director – European Sales • Mark Danis, Manager – UK Corporate Sales • Tim Isik, Manager – UK Channel Sales • Isabelle Gannoun, Manager – Sales France • Jose Blazquez, Regional Manager – Sales Spain & Portugal • Roberto Antonucci, Regional Manager – Sales Italy & Southeast Europe • Markus Boecker, Regional Manager – Sales Germany & Switzerland • Caitriona Toner, Manager – Sales Ireland • Javier Equisoain Blanco, Manager – Regional Sales Benelux Updated Jan.
    [Show full text]