:1.&6:1.-:1.96:1. Eisenhower Museum at Abilene GEoRGE DocKING Governor KANSAS CENTENNIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS MAURICE E. FAGER Chairman Colorful pageantry and exciting special events in recreational facilities in hundreds of spots JoHN MoNTGOMERY each of the one hundred five counties . . . Hun- Picturesque and scenic drives One hun­ Vice-chairman Mns. FnANK HAucKE dreds of fairs, rodeos and other outdoor attractions dred forty roadside parks, modern highways and a Vice-chairman Elaborate stage shows and spectaculars new turnpike for the convenience of the motoring JACK HARRIS Vice-chairman . Old trail re-enactments . Special art public Some three hundred fifty historic MISS BARBARA ALDRICH and historical exhibits . . . Swimming, boating, sites, museums and other points of interest . Secretary LAWRENCE SMITH fishing and picnicking at forty-one state lakes and Relive the romance and color of the old west in Treasurer seven federal reservoirs Golfing and other Kansas! Mns. LOis BARRETT AnnEN BooTH FRIENDLY KANSAS INVITES YOU TO ITS FESTIVE, YEAR-LONG BIRTHDAY PARTY IN 19611 F. w. BRINKERHOFF R. A. CLYMER COMPILED BY KANSAS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION Mns. MAx JoNES Sm Knoss z. AnTHUR NEVINS, Jn. DoN PHILLIPS GEo. W. STANLEY HE history of the state of Kansas a pleasant one. As this book will State Executive Director T tells a story of people who have point out, Kansas has many attractions RoGER D. KIRKWOOD met cheerfully and courageously the -scenic, recreational, historical, and many problems confronting a growth industrial-which you will want to see. in one hundred years from a section of Plan to visit some of these attrac­ Whether you come for a day, a few country inhabited only by a small tions, and sample the friendly spirit days, or to make Kansas your perma­ number of nomadic tribesmen to the of the people of Kansas, where there nent home, we welcome you and hope great civilization we have today. is still time and space to relax. Enjoy Many hands have co-operated to the rolling hills of eastern Kansas; the produce this guide book of interesting upland pastures and wheatlands of places in Kansas, and likewise, many central Kansas; the great sweep of the hands are ready to co-operate in mak­ high plains to the west; the roadside 'ii;"Zi ing your visit to the Sunflower State parks, lakes and streams. George Docking, Governor ------

THE KANSAS SCENE is far more varied than it may seem to the casual visitor. The elevation rises from about 700 feet above sea level in southeastern Kansas to more than 4,000 feet Meadowlark, state bird Sunflower, state flower Cottonwood, stale tree Buffalo, state animal near the western border. The surface changes from the gently rolling landscape of eastern Kansas , , to the upland pastureland of 4,200 wholesale establishments. Total per­ and gravel. TRANSPORTATION. Kansas holds the Flint Hills . . to areas distinguished sonal incomes of Kansans are now approxi­ second place in the nation in rural highway by cliffs and canyons . . . and finally to mately $4 billion annually. MANUFACTURING. mileage, and third place in total highway the high plains of the western part of the state. Rising upon Kansas' fertile and mineral-rich and city street mileage. Kansas ranks fifth in Fourteenth in area ( 82,276 square miles) soil is a growing industrial empire which al­ the United S'tates in railway mileage, with among the states, Kansas is "Midway U.S. A." ready lists more than 3,500 plants turning out 8,700 miles of track owned by sixteen railroad "Home on the Range," composed in 1872 by thousands of products ranging from glass companies. More than 1,700 motor vehicle Dr. Brewster Higley and Dan Kelley near Smith fibers to bombers. Kansas ranked fourth in common carriers operate some 800 interstate Center, is the official state song. The name the nation in percentage increase of manufac­ routes in Kansas, and over 1,000 intrastate "Kansas" originated from a Siouan Indian word turing employment from 1947 to 1954, fourth routes. Five airlines serve the state, and loosely translated "swift or south wind." Kan­ in manufacturing payrolls gain, and fifth in Kansas has a network of 191 airports, 107 of sas is popularly known as the "Sunflower" state, increase of value added by manufacture. In which are fully attended and operationally or the "Jayhawker" state. PEOPLE. Kansas' 1958 manufacturing industries in Kansas em­ active fields. The state ranks eleventh in the population passed the 2 million mark in 1952, ployed an average of about 115,000 persons. nation in ownership of personal aircraft. Three and in 1958 the estimated population of the MINERALS. Mineral production in Kansas in Kansas cities-Atchison, Leavenworth, and state had reached 2,100,665. From 1950 to 1958 had an estimated value of $516.4 million, Kansas City-are served by barge transporta­ 1956 Kansas showed the largest percentage the third highest year on record. Tenth in tion on the Missouri river from April to No­ gain in population ( 10.4 percent) in the seven the nation in mineral production, Kansas has vember each year. AGRICULTURE. Bread­ West North Central States, according to the twenty-two basic minerals in commercial pro­ basket of the world, Kansas is the nation's U. S. Bureau of the Census. There are 105 duction, with five others available for produc­ leading wheat state, producing about one-fifth counties, 613 incorporated cities, and approxi­ tion. Petroleum is the state's greatest mineral of the country's supply. Kansas agriculture, mately 120,000 farms and ranches. About asset. Kansas ranks fifth in the nation in pro­ however, is varied and diversified. The state 404,000 pupils are enrolled in Kansas public duction of crude oil, which in 1957 amounted has about 50 million acres in farmland and schools, and approximately 42,500 students to an estimated 124 million barrels with a pasture. Total farm value of all crops pro­ are registered in forty-three institutions of value of $378.7 million. Production of nat­ duced in Kansas in 1958 was more than $821.6 higher learning. TRADE AND BUSINESS. Kan­ ural gas, the second leading mineral, amounted million, while livestock and poultry produc­ sas retail trade totaled over $2.8 billion in to 580.7 billion cubic feet in 1957, valued at tion had an additional value of $494.7 million. 1958, and has exceeded the $2 billion mark $59.1 million, and placed Kansas sixth in na­ In addition to wheat, the state's leading crops each year since 1950. Retail, wholesale, and tional rank. Other important minerals com­ include corn, oats, barley, alfalfa and other service establishments now employ about 188,- mercially produced in Kansas include natural forage, grain sorghums, flax, soybeans, potatoes, 400 persons. There are more than 25,000 gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases, ce­ sugar beets, apples and other fruits. Kansas retail establishments in Kansas, and about ment, coal, zink, lead, stone, salt, clay, sand livestock is the primary market for Kansas crops. 2 became well known for independent patterns of thought. To the Spanish-American War Kansas sent four regiments and hero General Funston. Kansas furnished more than its quota in World War I, and in World War II 230,000 Kansans saw service.

IN THIS GUIDE BOOK, the state has been divided into six areas, At the beginning of each area is a map showing highways, cities and towns of the section. Major tourist sites not located in a city are also indicated on the map. The cities of each region are listed alphabetically, followed by a code lettel·-num­ ber referring to the letters and numbers on the margin of the area maps. These symbols also coincide with the letters and numbers on "They crossed the prame as of old the Pil­ the official state highway map published by grims crossed the sea, to make the West, as the Kansas State Highway Commission. they the East, the homestead of the free!" Following the location code is a number in­ dicating the population of each town or city, as reported by County Assessors March 1, 1958, to the Union. During the Civil War, Kansas The story of Kansas begins 79 years before and published by the Kansas State Board of was plagued by Indian uprisings in the west the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. Coro­ Agriculture. nado rode north from Mexico as far as central and guerrilla warfare in the east. After the Kansas in 1541. Three centuries later William Civil War, the lengthening ribbons of rails This symbol on the maps indicates a Becknell opened the great trade route of the prompted the beginning in 1867 of the Chis­ Roadside Park. Santa Fe Trail which stretched 750 miles from holm .Trail along which long-horned cattle were the Missouri River to Santa Fe, New Mexico, driven from Texas to Abilene to be shipped to GENERAL INDEX ...... Page 63 with 500 miles of it in Kansas. After 1840 the east. As the railroads built west and south, travel increased over the Santa Fe and along Ellsworth, Newton, Hays, Wichita, Caldwell the Oregon and California trails to the west. and Dodge City had their days as wild cow On May 30, 1854, President Pierce signed towns. Then came the settlement of western the Kansas-Nebraska Bill creating the territory Kansas as peace was made with the Indians. of Kansas, thus opening it to white settlement. In 1874, Mennonite emigrants from Russia John Brown, abolitionist, played a conspicuous arrived in central Kansas with their famous Red part in the pre-Civil War border warfare and Turkey hard winter wheat seed which even­ operated his "underground railway" for run­ tually helped to make Kansas the Wheat State. away slaves through Kansas. Sparked by prophets like Sockless Je.rry Simp­ On January 29, 1861, Kansas was admitted son, and crusaders like Carry Nation, Kansas 3 I_./ -: A:.:t •- ..,. SOUTHWEST SECTION Page ~34 2 3 • 4 5 Beeler ( D-4). A marker honoring the memory of Dr. George Washington Carver, famed Negro scientist, stands on the old Carver home­ stead one mile south of Beeler. Castle Rock ( C-4), chalk spire, 70 feet high and visible for miles, is located 22 miles south­ east of Quinter and 26 miles northwest of Utica. There is an all-weather road from Quinter to Castle Rock. Cedar Bluff Dam and Reservoir ( C-5) is 18 miles southwest of Ellis and 18 miles south­ east of WaKeeney. Constructed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the dam is 12,560 feet long and rises 134 feet above the stream bed. The lake covers 6,600 acres with a 54- mile shore line. Fishing, camping, boating and concession facilities are available; the Res­ ervoir has been stocked with channel catfish, bass, crappie and walleyes.

Col~y (B-3) (pop. 3,866) is known as the "Golden Buckle on the Wheat Belt" because it is situated in the heart of one of the largest wheat growing areas in Kansas. A major tour­ ist attraction is a reconstructed sod house lo­ cated on the Thomas County fairgrounds on K-25, six blocks south of US-24. The house (open May-October, 7 a. m.-9 p. m. daily) is furnished with authentic pieces and contains other historic items. It is the headquarters for the organization, "Sons and Daughters of

Castle Rock is a 70-foot eroded chalk pin­ nacle in the Smoky Hill River basin of Gove County 22 miles southeast of Quinter.

5 the Soddie." Anyone who has lived or at­ tended church or Sunday school in a sod house is eligible for membership. The Colby Experi­ ment Station, a branch of Kansas State Uni­ versity, is located west of the city, south of US-24 (open daily). Tourists are invited to play golf at the Colby Country Club, rest in the City Park, and swim in the municipal pool. The annual Tractor and Implement Show is held in Colby during the last week in April.

Goodland ( B-2) (pop. 4,072). One of Kan­ sas' best-known cities, Goodland has a glass enclosed swimming pool, three comfortable city parks, tennis courts and picnic grounds for tourists. Goodland also is in the center of a pheasant hunting area. The city has several large wheat elevators. The U.S. Government Weather Station here serves a wide area.

Hill City (B-5) (pop. 2,112) is located in the artesian well district. The Wallis Gardens (open daily) contain every flower and shmb known to the area; and hand-carved figures, Copyright Notional Geographic Society, Courtesy Notional Geographic Magazine depicting pioneer modes of transportation, Water playground and fishing center are made and displayed by a local resident. for northwest Kansas is the 6,600-acre An Oil Museum and derrick, open to the pub­ lic, are on U.S. highway 24 at the west edge Cedar Bluff Reservoir in Trego County of the city. Law's pony farm (open Sunday), southeast of WaKeeney. one mile south of Hill City, is a children's favorite with free Shetland pony rides. A CAA weather station is at the Municipal Air­ port.

Leoti ( D-3) (pop. 1,300) has a 490,000 bushel This reconstructed sod house on the elevator, one of the largest all-gravity feed Thomas County fairgrounds at Colby is elevators ever built. Another one, similar to furnished in authentic pioneer Kansas it, has recently been completed at Selkirk, nine style. miles west of Leoti. 6 Monument Rocks ( C-3), 27 miles southeast of Norton ( B-5) (pop. 3,550), the "Pheasant Oakley, ar.e all that remain of shale and chalk Capital" of Kansas, attracts hundreds of hunt­ beds that at one time completely filled the ers from the Midwest each year for the 10-day Smoky Hill River valley. The walls connecting pheasant season. One of the la;rgest volcanic these pinnacles are no more than a foot thick. ash mines in the state is located seven miles Wind and rain eventually will eliminate them east of Norton just north of U£-383. A State and leave the pinnacles isolated from each Sanatorium for Tuberculosis is four miles east other, as is the brooding Sphinx at the end of the city. of the group. Oakley ( C-3) (pop. 2,063). The largest cre­ Morland ( B-4) (pop. 321). The Sam Paintin taceous fossil beds in the United States are collection of Indian relics ( open by appoint­ found in chalk deposits along the Smoky Hill ment), one of the largest in the area, is six River south of Oakley. As early as 1870, expe­ miles south of Morland. ditions from Yale University collected specimens here. There is a large cretaceous fossil collec­ tion (open daily) in the Oakley High School, which was collected by George F. Sternberg,

Monument Rocks, or Chalk Pyramids, are in the Smoky Hill River Valley, near US-83 between Oakley and Scott City. world authority on the subject. Twenty-six miles southeast of Oakley (seven miles east of US-83) are the famous Monument Rocks (see Monument Rocks). Oberlin ( B-4) (pop. 2,310). Here are the Decatur County Historical Museum and recon­ structed sod house. A memorial monument in the Oberlin cemetery at the east edge of the city on US-36 has been erected to settlers killed in the last Indian raid in Kansas, made by renegade Cheyennes September 30, 1878. Seventeen of the victims have marked graves. A community festival is held on September 30 each year. Quinter ( C-4) (pop. 7 43). Castle Rock rises from the plains 22 miles southeast of here. (See Castle Rock.) Scott City ( D-3) (pop. 3,401). The 1,280- acre Scott County State Park, one of the state's most attractive areas, is 12 miles north of here off US-83. Within the park is a shaft monu­ ment marking the El Quartelejo ruins, an important archeological site. The old pueblo was built by the Pueblo Indians who fled from the Spaniards in New Mexico and was oc­ cupied by them from 1650-1720. The ruins were excavated in 1898, revealing a pueblo with traces of an irrigation system. Today they are mostly buried by drifting soil. Monu­ ment Rocks are 32 miles northeast of Scott City (see Monument Rocks).

The area around beautiful Scott County Victims of the last Indian raid in Kansas are State Lake is of considerable historical im­ buried near this memorial monument in the portance. The lake is 12 miles north of Oberlin cemetery, near US-36. The raid Scott City. was made by Cheyennes in 1878. Jack Curtis, Gorden City, Kansas 8

Ada Swineford, Kansas Stale Geological Survey A cavern, formed by the dissolving of under­ ground rock strata, collapsed to form the Sharon Springs ( C-2) (pop. 984). Five miles the seat of Trego County which produces some basin of the Old Maid's Pool flve miles of the highest protein wheat in the world. northwest of Sharon Springs is the Old Maid's northwest of Sharon Springs. Pool, a geological sink filled with water to a West are the fossil-rich chalk beds of the depth of 200 feet. The pool, which has never Smoky Hill River valley. Eighteen miles gone dry, was used as a watering place for the southeast of WaKeeney is Cedar Bluff Dam early settlers and transient caravans. About 17 and Reservoir (see Cedar Bluff Dam). Several members of the German family, whose miles west of Sharon Springs, on US-40, is the massacre by the Indians east of Fort Wallace highest highway point in Kansas (elevation, Wallace ( C-2) (pop. 111). Here is the Fort in 1874 was one of the most gruesome in the 3,975 feet). V/allace Memorial Museum on US-40. Opened history of Kansas, have marked graves here. in 1955, the museum contains many relics of The cemetery is the only remaining evidence Tribune ( D-2) (pop. 935). An experimental the pioneer days and of old Fort Wallace, an of old Fort Wallace which was across the road farm (open), a branch of Kansas State Uni­ Indian wars outpost where Wild Bill Hickok south of the cemetery. versity, is near Tribune. and Buffalo Bill Comstock were scouts. Gen­ eral Custer also was stationed there. The mu­ Utica (D-4) (pop. 325). Twenty-six miles seum is open every day of the summer and on northwest of Utica is Castle Rock (see Castle Sundays during winter months. At old Fort One of the major pheasant hunting areas Rock). Wallace Cemetery two miles southeast of Wal­ in the U. S. is in central and western Kan­ WaKeeney ( C-5) (pop. 2,632) is halfway be­ lace, the monument erected by Custer's Seventh sas, visited by many hunters during the tween Denver and Kansas City on US-40 and Cavah·y to many of their men is still standing. autumn shooting season. 10

Abilene ( C-9) (pop. 6,682), The Eisenhower ivlemorial lvluseum and the boyhood home, 201 South East Fourth Street, of President Dwight D. Eisenhower (open 9-5 daily, including Sundays), are among the nation's leading tour­ ist attractions. Located on three acres of land where the six Eisenhower boys plowed and planted a garden more than 50 years ago, the $400,000 Memorial houses President Eisen­ hower's collection of souvenirs and mementos assembled during his long military career and presidential terms. Admission to the Museum is 50 cents and 25 cents. The new Eisenhower Presidential Library will be built across the street south of the Museum, while south of the Presidential Library site is the reconstructed Old Abilene Town as it was in frontier days. In the western part of Abilene, on the edge of Eisenhower Park, is the unusual aluminum­ dome factory building of the Vacu-Blast Co., Inc. The Dickinson County Historical Museum is in the basement of the new and modern The boyhood home of President Dwight D. courthouse. A boulder on the post office lawn Eisenhower and his brothers is located at marks the end of the famous extended Chis­ 201 South East Fourth Street in Abilene, holm Trail, over which hundreds of thousands adjoining the Eisenhower Museum. of cattle were driven from Texas to the railhead here in the late 1860's and early 1870's. In the Abilene Cemetery is a boulder marking the Salt Marsh, a 4,000-acre pool of brine where grave of Marshal Tom Smith, a revered fron­ early settlers obtained salt by evaporating the tier peace officer. Abilene is the scene of the water. The North Central Kansas Free Fair, National Coursing Meets, the "World Series" third largest in the state, is held at Belleville. of greyhound racing, held semiannually in A floral garden on the grounds of the Republic April and October. Also held here are the Central Kansas Free Fair, and the Wild Bill Texas Street in Abilene of the 1870's was Hickok Rodeo, usually in late August. very much like this realistic replica of "Old Belleville ( B-8) (pop. 2,840). Thirteen miles Abilene Town," which now awaits the vis­ southeast of Belleville, on US-81, is the Seapo itor near the Eisenhower Center.

13 The Brookville Hotel, built in 1870, still The Forsyth Library on the campus of Fort The blockhouse of old Fort Hays, an im­ operates without change of service. It is Hays Kansas State College, at Hays, houses portant military post on the frontier, may famous for its food, historical associations a museum with world-famous specimens of be seen in the Historical Park at the south and old fashioned atmosphere. fossils, geology and natural history. edge of Hays.

County courthouse is an attractive summer Cawker City ( B-7) (pop. 678). About three homestead of Boston Corbett, the man who display. miles east of Cawker City on US-24 is historic shot John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Waconda or Great Spirit Springs (see Waconda Abraham Lincoln. Beloit ( B-7) (pop. 3,750). The State Indus­ Springs). Delphos ( C-8) (pop. 605) was the home of trial School for Girls is here. Cheyenne Bottoms (D-7) is one of the nation's Mrs. Grace Bedell Billings, the "little girl" who Brookville ( D-8) (pop. 245). The Brookville outstanding migratory waterfowl refuges, pub­ wrote to Abraham Lincoln suggesting that he Hotel is nationally famous for its fried chicken, lic shooting grounds and recreational areas. grow a beard. The original of Lincoln's reply hot biscuits, and old-fashioned atmosphere. Total water area is approximately 13,000 acres. is at the Delphos State Bank. Ellis (C-5) (pop. 2,142). The old roundhouse Built in 1870, it is probably the oldest hotel in Claflin ( D-7) (pop. 939). Cheyenne Bottoms where Walter Chrysler made his first model Kansas still operating as a hotel in its original is located 5Jf miles southwest of Claflin (see engine is here. The VValter Chrysler boyhood location and without a change of service. Cheyenne Bottoms). A 20-power telescope home (open daily 9-12, 1-5 six months of the Bunker Hill ( C-6) (pop. 258). The home of which is coin operated has been installed in a year) is a popular tourist attraction. "Cotton­ roadside park between Claflin and Hoisington ,t..'Iother Bickerdyke, famous Civil vVar nurse, wood Lane," US-40 for two miles west of Ellis, on K-4, K-45 to get a view of Cheyenne Bot­ is located here. is lined with cottonwo(l)d trees. Eighteen miles toms. Carneiro (D-7). Mushroom Rocks and other southwest of Ellis is Cedar Bluff Dam and Res­ unique formations, including Balanced Rock, Concordia ( B-8) (pop. 6,939) is the home of ervoir (see Cedar Bluff Dam, Northwest Sec­ are on a farm two miles south of Carneiro. the Nazareth Motherhouse and Novitiate for tion). Five miles northeast of Carneiro is Palmer's Sisters of St. Joseph. This community was Ellsworth (D-7) (pop. 2,482), which suc­ Cave, which was used for shelter by Indians. organized in 1854. A plaque marks the Kansas ceeded Abilene as the northern terminus of the 14 --~~~~~~~~- ----

Texas cattle trail in 1872, is the heart of many ( 1867) of Rome, northwest of Hays. That boat or on foot. On the northeast shore is scenic and historic spots. Unique rock forma­ town lost out when the railroad was built to Kanopolis State Park, the pilot outdoor recre­ tions, including Mushroom Rocks and Palmer's Hays a mile east. All that remains is a marker. ational project of the Kansas State Park and Cave, are located near Carneiro (see Carneiro) Resources Authority. There is a landing strip 12 miles east of Ellsworth. South of Ellsworth, Hoisington ( D-6) (pop, 4,523) is at the north­ for private airplanes. on K-14, at Ash Creek, buffalo tracks still can west corner of Cheyenne Bottoms (see Chey­ be seen in the creek's steep sandstone banks. enne Bottoms). A 20-power telescope which Kanopolis Dam and Reservoir are 18 miles is coin operated has been installed in a road­ southeast of Ellsworth (see Kanopolis Dam). side park between Hoisington and Claflin on K-4 and K-45 to permit better views of Chey­ Hays ( C-6) (pop. 10,864), a wild "end-of­ enne Bottoms. track" town on the Union Pacific railroad, was named for Fort Hays, one of the famous mili­ Jamestown (B-8) (pop. 469). A monument tary posts on the old frontier. The stone block­ five miles southeast of Jamestown marks the I house, guardhouse and parade grounds may homestead of Benjamin White, killed by the still be seen in Frontier Historical Park at the Cheyennes in 1868. A daughter carried away south edge of the city. Old Fort Hays nm­ by the Indians was rescued by Custer's Cav­ semn in the Fort guardhouse (open 7:30-6 alry. daily) contains articles from the frontier and Kanopolis (D-7) (pop. 749) is the site of old military days during the period when the fort Fort Harker, a starting point for stage lines to was an important Plains military outpost. Ad­ Santa Fe and a freighting and supply depot for jacent to the park is Fort Hays Kansas State southern and western forts. This region was College. In Forsyth Library, on the campus, in the heart of the Indian country and maraud­ are geological, paleontological, natural history ing tribes kept troops from the fort almost con­ and historical museums (weekdays 8-5 when stantly in the field. Some of the buildings are college is in session; 2-5 Sundays). They in­ still in use and the old guardhouse was con­ clude a fossil fish 13 feet long, a marine molo­ verted into a museum (1-5 Sundays) contain­ saur skeleton over 30 feet long, a flying rep­ ing documents, files, guns and war equipment tile skeleton with a wing expanse of 22 feet of the 1870's plus a rock collection and Indian and other collections. Also on the campus is relics. Salt mines are visible south of US-40 the Kansas car of the Merci Train, France's near here. Kanopolis Reservoir is 12 miles thank you to Americans for the Friendship southeast of Kanopolis (see Kanopolis Dam). Train in 1947. A Capuchin Monastery is here. St. Joseph's Military Academy in Hays is the Kanopolis Dam and Reservoir ( D-7) on the only military academy in Kansas listed by the Smoky Hill river has a dam 15,810 feet long ROTC as an essentially military school. The rising 131 feet above the stream bed. Recre­ Fort Hays Agricultural ExperJment Station ational facilities include fishing, hiking, boat­ Boating is a favorite sport of Kansans and (open) covering 3,200 acres is one of the larg­ ing, swimming, camping, picnicking, and a visitors to Kansas. One of the most popu­ est dryland experiment stations in the world. children's fishing lake. Horse Thief Canyon lar bodies of water in the state is Kanopolis Buffalo Bill Cody was one of the founders and Red Rocks Canyon can be reached by reservoir, near Ellsworth. 15 Kirwin Dam and Reservoir ( B-6) is five miles southwest of Kirwin and 15 miles southeast of Phillipsburg. Kirwin Dam and Reservoir is one of Kansas' newest and most popular fishing and boating areas. Surfboarding and water skiing are also popular sports at Kirwin. There are picnicking facilities.

Lebanon ( B-7) (pop. 602). A popular spot for photographers and picnickers is the Geo­ graphical Center of the United States ( exclu­ sive of Alaska and Hawaii) located two miles northwest of Lebanon. The traveler finds the Center an interesting and restful place to visit, with shelter house, fireplaces, picnic tables, and the stone Center marker in a nicely landscaped area. Nearby are a restaurant and motel.

Lincoln (C-7) (pop. 1,653). Near Lincoln, the Cheyennes killed four buffalo hunters in 1864, tortured three women in 1868 and mas­ sacred ten settlers in 1869, taking along two women who were later rescued. There is a monument to the victims in the courthouse square and a historical museum ( 8-5 except Sundays) in the courthouse. Quartzite quar­ ries still are mined one mile southeast. The Indians used the quartzite along with flint for their arrow and spear points.

A center of Kansas culture is the new Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery in Lindsborg. Many works of the famous artist for whom the Gallery is named are on display here.

16 Lindsborg ( D-8) (pop. 2,268). Three miles recognized Swedish-American painter and northwest of Lindsborg is Coronado Heights at teacher of art. Many of Sandzen's paintings the summit of which is a shelter house. Coro­ and graphic works are on display, as well as nado is believed to have camped on the the works of other artists. The Swedish Pa­ "heights" in his search for the mythical king­ vilion on the Bethany College campus, which dom of Quivira. Lindsborg is the seat of was a part of the Swedish Exhibit at the St. Bethany College (Lutheran) which is world­ Louis World Fair in 1904, was a gift of the famous for its Messiah Festival held annually Swedish Government to the college. Popular during Holy Week since 1882. The Messiah, are tours of Lindsborg's practicing artists' stu­ sung on Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday, is dios, which may be arranged through the presented in Presser Hall for which ground was Lindsborg Chamber of Commerce. A unique broken by the Crown Prince of Sweden in gift shop on US-81 retails works of Lindsborg 1927. Next to Presser Hall is the beautiful artists and craftsmen (open aftemoons, daily). Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery (open 1-5 p. m. daily except Mondays) honoring the late Lovewell Dam and Reservoir ( A-7) is a 3,100- Birger Sandzen, internationally known and acre irrigation lake on White Rock Creek about

The exact geographical center of the U. S. {exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) is two miles northwest of Lebanon. It is a popular attraction to visit and photograph.

Coronado Heights near Lindsborg offers a commanding view of the Smoky Hill River valley. The Heights were probably first visited by white men in 1541.

17 four miles southwest of Ohnitz, specializes in flowers of all kinds. Osborne ( B-6) (pop. 1,962). On a ranch about 18 miles southeast of Osborne a bronze plate marks the geodetic center of North Amer­ ica. What Greenwich is to the longitude of the world, this Kansas pasture (known as Meade's Ranch) is to the lines and boundaries of this continent. A historical ma.rker, calling attention to the Geodetic Center, is located one­ quarter mile north of Osborne on US-24 and US-281. Phillipsburg (B-6) (pop, 3,379) is the site of the state's largest rodeo, held annually, be­ ginning in late July. At Phillipsburg is the Jess Boyce Rock Garden and Museum, con­ Harold Wolfe, Topeka, Kansas sisting of miniature castles and towers made from tiny rocks and pebbles, and a large col­ Rock City, with its 200 large eroded sand­ lection of pioneer relics (open daily and eve­ stone concretions, is a curious geological nings). Kirwin Dam and Reservoir are lo­ formation located near Minneapolis, Kansas. Mankato ( B-7) (pop. 1,324). The first clinic cated near Phillipsburg (see Kirwin Dam). built under the nationally famous Kansas Rural Health Plan is at Mankato. Lovewell Dam and Republic ( A-8) (pop. 383). Two miles south­ Reservoir is about 15 miles northeast of here west of Republic is Pike's Pawnee Village Park 15 miles northeast of Mankato. It is a popular (see Lovewell Dam). where in 1806 the United States flag first was raised in what is now Kansas. A tall shaft recreational area with facilities for water sports, Marquette ( D-8) (pop. 603). Kanopolis Dam picnicking, and camping. commemorates the general area where United and Reservoir are located 10 miles northwest States army officer and explorer Zebulon Pike, Lucas ( C-7) (pop. 603). A man-made "Gar­ of Marquette (see Kanopolis Dam). backed by an "army" of 22 men, faced 400 den of Eden," located at Lucas, consists of Minneapolis (C-8) (pop. 1,944). Two and Pawnee braves at one of their villages and molded cement figures of Adam and Eve and one-half miles southwest of Minneapolis is persuaded them to lower the Spanish flag from other Biblical characters. S. P. Dinsmoor, Rock City, noted for its 200 or more unusually its pole in front of the chief's lodge. builder of the garden, is buried in a stone log­ well-formed large sandstone concretions. Some Russell ( C-6) (pop. 6,555). A plaque and cabin mausoleum. Miller's Rock Gardens and are almost perfect spheres with diameters ex­ monument, 16)~ miles northwest of Russell, picnic grounds is a privately owned park at the ceeding 12 feet. Others, with diameters rang­ western edge of town. It contains thousands of near Fairport, mark the site of Carrie Oswald ing from eight to 27 feet, vary from rounded to No. 1, discovery well of the Fairport pool and many-colored rocks, miniature mountains, and elliptical forms. historical relics. Visitors are welcome, and one of Kansas' most famous oil wells. Two group picnics may be arranged by appointment. Olmitz (D-6) (pop. 159). Josie's Gardens, miles northwest of Russell is Kit Fork's Canyon, 16 The Phillipsburg Rodeo, largest in Kansas, is held in late July each year. A number of other Kansas cities also schedule rodeo attractions during the summer season.

This Indian Burial Pit, 4 miles east of Salina, is a notable archeological discovery. It contains more than 140 skeletal remains of prehistoric Indians.

from which a band of Indians rushed to attack Heart resembles a wheat elevator in architec­ a party of railroad section workers in 1869. tural design. Schilling Air F:orce Base is four Memorial Park on US-40 offers roadside park miles southwest of Salina. Salina is the na­ and picnicking facilities, a grass greens golf tion's sixth largest flour milling center. All the course, and swimming. flour mills admit visitors and guided tours may be arranged by appointment. The Smoky Salina ( C-8) (pop. 36,209). Four miles east Hill Historical Museum in Oakdale Park (1-5 of Salina on US-40 is a prehistoric Burial Pit daily except Mondays) features departments containing more than 140 skeletal remains of on Stone Age Man, the American Indian, the Indians six feet or more tall who antedate pioneer and his life, natural history and oriental Coronado. It is covered by a permanent struc­ art. ture which also contains a large collection of Indian artifacts ( 8-6 daily; 51 cents for adults, Smith Center ( B-6) (pop. 2,345). On the 12 cents for child1'en). Here are Kansas banks of Beaver Creek about 17 miles north­ Wesleyan University (Methodist); Marymount west of Smith Center is a one room cabin, College for Girls (Catholic); St. John's Military home of Dr. Brewster M. Higley, pioneer Kan­ School (Episcopal); and headquarters for the sas doctor who wrote the words to the famous St. Francis Boys' Homes (Episcopal) noted for song, "Home on the Range," in the early 1870's. rehabilitation work with wayward youngsters. The tune was written by Daniel Kelley, a car­ The Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Sacred penter-musician who lived in nearby Gaylord.

19 The cabin was dedicated as a historic memo­ rial to Higley in 1954. It is open daily. A quaint octagonal Dutch windmill, five stories high, stands in the city park. Stockton ( B-6) (pop. 1,954). Twelve miles southeast of Stockton are Twin Mounds stand­ ing 200 feet above the prairie and used as n landmark and signal point by the Indians. Also near Stockton is Sugar Loaf Mound, over 300 feet high, which was an Indian lookout. Both these formations can be seen from US-183. V/ebster Dam and Reservoir is southwest of Stockton (see Webster Dam). Victoria ( C-6) (pop. 1,128). St. Fidelis church at Victoria, commonly known as "The Cathedral of the Plains," took three years to build. Each parishioner was assessed 45 dol­ lars and six loads of stone. This Romanesque structure of natural limestone is 221 feet long and 73 feet wide, with a transept 107 feet in width and two towers 141 feet high. The Christmas crib on display (December 15 to January 15) in the church yard consists of eight life-sized statues of genuine wood carv­ ings fashioned in Oberammergau, Germany. Also in the city is a Union Pacific railroad memorial and cemetery for laborers killed by the Cheyennes in 1867. On the Lang farm near Victoria is an immense clock installed in the 1880's which can be heard striking the hours for miles around.

Each parishioner was assessed $45 and six loads of stone to build this Romanesque St. Fidelis Church at Victoria, "The Cathedral of the Plains." 20 Waconda Springs (B-7). Historic Waconda Fork Solomon River about 8 miles west of or Great Spirit Springs is a mineral pool about Stockton. Campsites, picnic grounds, and water 50 feet in diameter and set in a curious lime­ sports may be found here. stone basin. Several romantic Indian legends are associated with the Springs. (Admission, 25 cents, adults.) A trade-mark of the north-central Kansas Webster Dam and Reservoir ( B-5), containing area is the stone fence post. Many miles about 3,400 acres of water, is on the South of the imperishable posts may be seen.

This rustic cabin, 17 miles northwest of Smith Romantic Indian legends are associated with Center, was the home of Dr. Brewster Higley Waconda or Great Spirit Springs, east of who wrote the words to "Home on the Cawker City, a mineral pool 50 feet in di­ Range," the Kansas State Song. ameter, set in a limestone basin. »~

21

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Benedictine monasteries of the Middle Ages. Civil War." Also near the park can be seen Here is Mount St. Scholastica Academy and ruts of the old Santa Fe Trail. Baldwin is the College (Catholic girls). Two miles south of home of Baker University (Methodist), the Atchison ( B-12) (pop. 13,007). A plaque in Atchison is a converted limestone quarry which oldest four-year college ( 1858) in Kansas. The the courthouse square marks the spot where is the world's largest single storage space on Case Library on the campus contains the Lincoln in 1859 first delivered his Cooper one level, now used by the U. S. Government Bishop Quayle Collection of rare manuscripts Union speech. Lewis and Clark camped near as a storage facility. and Bibles ( 8-5:30, 7-9:30 p.m. weekdays; Atchison on July 4, 1804. A monument in 9-3 Saturdays; 3-5 Sundays). There is also a front of Memorial Hall commemorates the Baldwin (C-12) (pop. 1,419). Black Jack museum containing thousands of specimens in­ organization of the Santa Fe Railway in 1860. Park, an attractive spot for towists and pic­ cluding North Polar artifacts and Chinese coins Amelia Earhart's birthplace overlooks the Jvlis­ nickers, is located on US-56 about three miles ( 9-5 daily except Sundays). "Old Castle," souri River hom one of Atchison's bluffs. St. east of Baldwin. The park is near the marker the oldest college building in Kansas, houses Benedict's College (Catholic men) is the site describing the Battle of Black Jack (1856), a museum of Santa Fe Trail relics, Masonic of a million-dollar monastery copied after the which has been termed the "first battle of the records and other items of historical interest.

This house on one of the Missouri River bluffs in Atchison was the birthplace of Amelia Earhart, famed aviatrix.

Bluffs overlooking the Missouri River in Jackson Park, Atchison, offer one of the most attractive scenic views in Kansas. 23 Council Grove ( D-10) (pop. 2,550), is the most historic town on the old Santa Fe Trail. For many years it was the last outfitting post between the Missouri River and Santa Fe. Two marked trees are on the north side of Main Street. They are Post Office Oak, where letters were left for passing caravans, and the remaining stump of Council Oak, near which a treaty with the Indians was signed in 1825, giving the government the right of way for the Santa Fe Trail. Kaw Mission ( 1851), a school for Indians, and one of the first in Kansas for white children, is now a state-owned museum (10-12, 2-5 weekdays, 1:30-5 Sundays and holidays). Of interest are the Last Chance Store; Hays Tavern; The Old Indian Warning Bell; Custer Elm; Madonna of the Trail Monu­ ment; Padilla Monument; Hermit's cave; and the old Cowboy Jail. Eskridge (C-10) (pop, 536). Lake Wabaun­ see, four miles west of Eskridge on K-4 and K-99, is owned and operated by the city of Eskridge. A commercial resort, it has a 14- room lodge, rental cabins and dining room. There are also boating, swimming and picnic grounds. There is a charge of 75 cents per day or three dollars per season for fishing. There is also a fee for boating and boats may be rented. Eskridge stages an annual rodeo on Labor Day. Fairway ( C-12) (pop. 5,342). The Old Shaw­ nee Methodist Mission, established in 1830 and

A cache at the base of this oak tree in Council Grove served as a post office for wagon trains traveling the Santa Fe Trail from 1825 to 1847.

24 moved to this site in 1839, was a manual train­ ing school for the Indians and twice the ter­ ritorial capital of Kansas. It is located in Fair­ way (near US-56) at Fifty-third Street and Mission Road. Here three buildings, more than a century old, still are standing. The East Building contains a state-owned pioneer mu­ seum, and the North Building has been re­ stored and furnished to look as it did when it was used for living quarters and classrooms. (10-12, 2-5 on weekdays; 1:80-5 on Sundays and holidays.) Kansas State Historical Society

Madonna of the Trail monument on Main Shawnee Methodist Mission at Fairway, now Street in Council Grove honors the pioneer a State Museum, was a school for Indian ~ake Wabaunsee, 4 miles west of Eskridge, mothers who braved the hardships of the children, and temporary territorial capital. 1s owned and operated by the city. It is a popular resort and water recreation area. trail in covered wagon days. Ada ~inef()rd, Kansas State Geological Survey

Kaw Methodist Mission, completed in 1851 as a mission and school for Kansas Indian children, is in Council Grove. It is now a State Historical Museum.

Kansas State Historical Society a bronze statue of General Grant by Lorado Taft; a museum (open Sunday afternoons) of early transportation equipment including prairie schooners, buggies, carriages, and stage coaches, all maintained in perfect condition; the Old Stone ·wall with gun slots for cannon and smaller slots for gunner observation, con­ structed as a protection against marauding bands of Indians; Santa Fe and Oregon trail markers, where wagon ruts up the steep slope from the river can still be traced between the trees; the old Territorial Governor's residence; the Post Chapel, the walls of which are covered Erected in 1855, the building now housing with plaques in memory of men killed in the wars in which the United States has been en­ the Fort Riley Historical Museum formerly gaged; and a National Cemetery. No per­ was Post Hospital, later Post Headquarters. mission is needed to visit these sites. Informa­ tion can be obtained at the Information Check Point. Fort Leavenworth ( B-12), the oldest army post This statue of General Grant is at Fort leav­ in continuous existence west of the Missouri Fort Riley ( C-9) is one of the largest inland enworth. The stone wall in the background River, was established in 1827 for protection military reserves in the United States. It covers provided protection from Indians. against the Indians and as a starting point for 53,000 acres including Marshall Army Air Field; wagon trains. Today the Fort Leavenworth Camp \Vhitside, Camp Forsyth, and Camp Military Reservation comprises 7,000 acres. Funston, home of the 1st Infantry Division. The Command and General Staff College, Fort Riley, which was the cradle of Cavalry world famous as the most important post-grad­ for 83 years, is now the home of the Army Gen- uate military institution combining all arms and ,--- services, is located here. Points of interest are

This limestone building on the Fort Riley Mil­ itary Reservation was the first territorial capitol of Kansas (1855).

The Hollenberg Station northeast of Hanover is the only original unaltered Pony Express station still standing. It contains a small pioneer museum. 26 II. In the old post headquarters building, near Patton Hall, is the Fort Riley Museum, which preserves the military history of the Fort and the cavalry arm of the service, and also the civilian history of the region. It is sponsored by the Fort Riley Historical So­ ciety, a joint military-civilian organization. The museum houses more than 2,500 items of his­ torical interest, and a large historical library. (Open 10-4 Monday through Friday; 1-4 Sat­ urday, Sunday and holidays.) Kansas State Historical Society Hanover ( A-9) (pop. 803). The Hollenberg Once a part of a Presbyterian Mission to the Station, only original unaltered Pony Express Iowa, Sac and Fox Indians, this interesting station left standing today, is two miles north­ historical museum is near Highland. east of Hanover. A long narrow structure, it was built originally as a ranch house in 1857. eral School. Established in 1852 as Camp It is now owned by the state and contains a Center to protect trade along the Santa Fe small pioneer museum (9-5 Mondays through Trail, it was renamed Fort Riley in 1853 and Saturdays, 1-5 Sundays). Also in Hanover is was a base of operations against Indian upris­ the Neugebauer Rock Garden (open by ap­ ings during and after the Civil War. On the pointment). "Days of '49," an annual cele­ military reservation is the first Territorial Cap­ bration, is held at Hanover in July. itol of Kansas ( 1855), a two-story limestone Herington ( D-9) (pop. 3,716). In the city building maintained by the state as a public park is a tall sandstone shaft erected as a mon­ museum ( 9-5 Other points of interest daily). ument to Father Padilla, the soldier-priest who are the Ogden Monument commemorating Maj. The John M. Davis Memorial in Hiawatha's accompanied Coronado and later ( 1542) was E. A. Ogden who died at Fort Riley in 1855 Mount Hope Cemetery is an elaborate mon­ killed near here by the Indians, making him while fighting a cholera epidemic; Wounded the first Christian martyr on what is now ument containing 11 life-sized statues. Knee Monument in honor of Seventh Cavalry­ United States soil. men slain in the battle against the Sioux In­ Highland ( B-11) (pop. 764) is the home of dians at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, Hiawatha (B-11) (pop. 3,535). The John M. Highland Junior College ( 1858), the oldest in 1890; the chimney to Gen. Leonard Wood's Davis Memorial in Mount Hope Cemetery, institution of higher learning in the state. Two World War I Headquarters; a marker to the southeast edge of Hiawatha, is an unusual miles east of here is the old Iowa, Sac, and Fox Defenders of Bataan; and a military cemetery. monument with a vault, pavilion and eleven Indian Mission (1837). A portion of the Many notable military leaders in the country's life-sized portrait statues, all but one carved in building erected in 1846 is now a state mu­ history are buried here. The cemetery also Italy, of Mr. and Mrs. Davis at various stages seum (open 1-6, except Mondays). contains the graves of Seventh Cavalrymen in their lives. Brown County State Lake, 7Jf slain at Wounded Knee, and of prisoners of miles east of Hiawatha on US-36, is stocked Horton (B-11) (pop. 2,866). Five miles west war who died in the U.S. during World War with fish. Grounds have picnic area. of Horton is the 6,500-acre Kickapoo Indian 27 I_ --

Reservation. An annual Pow-Wow is usually modern planning for industry in building de­ held at Horton in July. sign, railroad service and street layout. In the heart of Kansas City's business district is Huron Junction City (C-9) (pop. 18,842). Rock Cemetery, the tribal burial ground of the Wy­ Springs Ranch, a 348-acre 4-H Club camp is andotte Indians, with an estimated 400 burials 13 miles south of Junction City. On a steep from 1844-1855. Other historic points of inter­ hill, seven miles south of here just off US-77, est include Kaw Point, upon which Lewis and is an Indian statue which legend says stands Clark camped in their exploratory expedition above an old Indian burial ground. Scenic up the Missouri River; Old Grinter House tours of Junction City, nearby Fort Riley, and ( 1420 South 78th, Muncie) and frontier mili­ the area south of the city have been mapped tary road ferry site on the Kaw. Here also and marked with signs. are the Central Baptist Theological Seminary, University of Kansas Medical Center, and the Kansas City, Kansas ( C-12) (pop. 131,245) is State School for the Blind. A major point of the second largest city in the state. Kansas interest in Kansas City's well planned park sys­ City is a major grain storage and milling, live­ tem is Wyandotte Lake and Park, five miles stock and meat-packing center. Fairfax In­ northwest of the city on K-5. The Wyandotte dustrial District is an outstanding example of County Historical ]'vluseum (second floor of

A landmark on the campus of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, is the 120-foot Cam­ panile and carillon of 53 bells erected as a World War II memorial.

Wyandotte County Lake and Park, north­ west of Kansas City, is part of an extensive park system serving Kansas' second largest city. Here are many recreation facilities. 28 the Memorial Building) is open Tuesdays 1-4, in 1856, a luxury hotel of the period, and host and Saturdays, 9-12. Tours of large industries to many famous persons including Abraham in Kansas City, Kansas, are held daily at 9 Lincoln, who delivered a speech from its west a.m. and 1 p.m. for groups only. Advance steps December 5, 1859. The Cathedral of arrangements should be made with the public the Immaculate Conception was completed in relations department of each industry. 1868. Long a furniture manufacturing center, Leavenworth has one of the state's oldest flour Lawrence ( C-12) (pop. 23,889) established in mills; manufactures flour milling machinery; 1854 as a Free-State stronghold, was sacked has steel and iron plants; and one of the larg­ and burned twice by proslavery forces. There est sash and door plants west of the Missouri. is a monument in Oak Hill Cemetery to the A shipyard builds landing craft and commercial 150 victims of the Quantrill raid. Points of river boats and barges, and house boats for interest on the University of Kansas campus river, lake and ocean use. The Federal Peni­ are the 120-foot Campanile dedicated as a tentiary adjoins the city on high grounds to World War II Memorial (carillon schedule while the northwest. The Veterans Administration school is in session: 11:50-noon daily except Center with its hospital and quarters for dom­ Sundays, 3-3:45 Sundays, 7-7:30 p.m. Wednes­ iciliary patients is at 'Wadsworth, on the south­ days); Dyche Museum with one of the largest ern edge of Leavenworth, as is St. Mary Col­ collections of fossil remains and mounted ani­ lege (Catholic women) at Xavier, and the Anderson Hall on the attractive campus of mals displayed in their natural habitats (week­ Mother House of the Sisters of Charity. Fort Kansas State University, Manhattan, con­ days 8:30-5, Sundays 1:30-5); Spooner Thayer Leavenworth is north of the city (see Fort tains a contemporary art collection. Art Museum with collections of Indian craft­ Leavenworth). work, glassware, silverware and Oriental paint­ ings (weekdays 9-5, Sundays and holidays 2-5); Lecompton ( C-11) (pop. 290). In Lecompton one of the most attractive in the state. A con­ Wilcox Museum with Greek sculpture, Greek is Constitution Hall where the Proslavery con­ temporary art collection in Anderson Hall ( 8-6 and Roman antiquities (weekdays 8-5); and stitution was drafted in 1857. The building except Sundays), Museum of Natural History Snow Entomological Museum, one of the most which housed old Lane University is also still in Fairchild Hall ( 8-6 except Sundays), and complete in the nation, with two million speci­ to be seen. Here, in the middle 1880's, David the experimental farm are interesting attractions. mens (weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-12). Kansas J. Eisenhower and Ida Elizabeth Stover met as Damon Runyon was born in Manhattan and University's two and one-half million dollar students. They were married at Lecompton on his birthplace is marked (corner of Fourth and Allen Fieldhouse, 17,000 seating capacity, is September 23, 1885, and became the parents Osage streets). Tuttle Creek Dam, one of the the second largest on-campus playing arena in of Dwight D. Eisenhower on October 14, 1890, largest of its kind in the world, is five miles the country. It is named for F. C. "Phog" while the family was then residing, for a short north of Manhattan on K-13 and can be viewed Allen, fmmer Jayhawker basketball coach who two years, in Texas. from a specially constructed observation area. made K. U. teams world-famous. Haskell In­ Sunset park has a zoo, picnic facilities and dian Institute is located in Lawrence. Manhattan ( C-10) (pop. 19,223) is the home a Fairyland. A pioneer cabin is located in of Kansas State University of Agriculture and the 45-acre City Park. Riley County Historical Leavenworth ( C-12) (pop. 22,812) is the old­ Applied Science. The two-million dollar Ahearn Museum and the City Memorial Building are est city in Kansas. A bronze plaque marks the Fieldhouse is one of the largest in the country. open on legal holidays and Sundays, Tuesdays site once occupied by Planters' House, opened The campus with its native stone buildings is and Fridays, 1-5.

29 1850's. A boulder at Alcove Springs honors Oskaloosa ( C-11) (pop, 767). The Jefferson Grandma Keyes of the Donner Party, who died County Courthouse at Oskaloosa ( 1867) is tlte at the Crossing. Marysville was the first home oldest still in use in the state. station out of St. Joseph, Mo., on the Pony Express route and one of the buildings used Ottawa ( D-11) (pop. 10,784), built near the to stable horses is still standing in remodeled site of the Ottawa Indian Baptist Mission es­ form. tablished in 1837, is the seat of Ottawa Uni­ versity (Baptist). In Ward Science Hall on the Mayetta ( B-11) (pop. 223). The 7,040-acre campus is the Crevecoeur Entomological Col­ Pottawatomie Indian Reservation, largest in lection of 21,000 specimens. Four miles north­ Kansas, is located west of Mayetta. east of Ottawa is the Tauy Jones Home, once an underground railroad station and stopping Ogden ( C-9) (pop. 1,815). Chartered in place for John Brown. Also, northeast of the 1857, Ogden was called "the last place on the city is the Ottawa Indian Burial Ground, con­ map" in the 1860's. taining the marked grave of the Rev. J otham Olathe ( C-12) (pop. 8,915), called the "Cow­ Meeker, missionary and printer who established boy Boot Capital" for its nationally known the Ottawa Mission and earlier printed the first boot factories, is the location of the State periodical in Kansas at the Shawnee Baptist School for Education of the Deaf (visitors wel­ Mission in present Johnson county. Forest Park, come during regular school term, September located two blocks west of US-59 and 50, has through May). AU. S. Naval Air Station is five fine recreational facilities. This cabin in John Brown Memorial State miles southwest of the city. Park, Osawatomie, served for a time as Paola (D-12) (pop. 4,325) is the site of headquarters of the abolitionist leader. Osawatomie ( D-12) (pop. 4,671) was head­ Ursuline College (Catholic women). The first quarters for John Brown in the turbulent days gas well in Kansas was drilled in Miami County preceding the Civil War. The John Brown and gas from the well was piped to Paola. Oil Memorial State Park, in the west part of town, was discovered near Paola in 1854 and was contains a log cabin in which John Brown stayed commercially produced in the 1880's. The Maria dahl ( B-9), located midway between for a time. Now preserved in a modern build­ Randolph and Cleburne, on the Blue River, Miami County Fair and Horse Show is held has the oldest Swedish Lutheran Church or­ ing (open weekday afternoons and all day Sun­ annually, usually in mid-August, in Paola. ganization ( 1863) and building ( 1867) west of days), the cabin houses a museum and is the Missouri River. furnished much as it was in the days of John Prairie Village (C-12) (pop. 16,828) was Brown. The park also includes a statue of awarded first place by the National Associa­ Marysville ( B-9) (pop. 4,095). The Oregon Brown. A marble shaft, in a little park on tion of Home Builders in 1950 as the "Best and Mormon Trails converged at a point on the \Vest Main Street, marks the graves of four of Complete C.ommunity Development in the Blue River known as Independence Crossing five men killed in the Battle of Osawatomie U.S." near Alcove Sptings, about five miles south of in 1856. A Congregational church building Marysville. The Donner Party, ill-fated emi­ (1860), and an old land office building are Sabetha (A-ll) (pop. 2,237) has one of the grants from Illinois to California, camped here still to be seen here. Osawatomie State Has­ world's largest direct farm to market co-opera­ in 1846 as did many others in the 1840's and pi tal (mental) is northeast of town. tive creameries which each year names a But- 30 ter Queen to reign over the annual 4-H Club Immaculate Conception is a rare painting by and Future Farmers of America show at Sa­ an Italian Court painter of the sixteenth century, betha, held in mid-August. which was a gift of Pope Pius IX to the Pot­ tawatomie in 1854. St. Marys (C-10) (pop. 1,209). Now a Jesuit Seminary, St. Mary's College at St. Marys was Seneca ( B-10) (pop. 2,106). Nemaha County an outgrowth of St. Mary's Catholic Mission State Park, four miles south of Seneca on K-63, founded in 1848 for the Pottawatomie Indians. has a 356-acre lake and offers fishing, picnick­ A boulder on the campus marks the site of the ing, camping, boating and swimming. "Fort first Cathedral between the Missouri River and Markley," a replica of an old frontier fort, is the Rocky Mountains. In the Church of the one-half mile west of the city on US-36.

The Kansas State Capitol was begun in 1866 and finished in 1903. It occupies a 20-acre site near the center of Topeka.

This painting of the arch-abolitionist John Brown is part of a series of murals in the State Capitol building, Topeka, by famous artist John Steuart Curry.

31 a world-famous psychiatric clinic, hospital and training center. Topeka V. A. Hospital, in southwest Topeka, is one of the principal psy­ chiatric hospitals of the Veterans Administra­ tion. Also in the capital city are Topeka State Hospital (mental) and the State Industrial School for Boys. Capper Publications, Inc., founded by the late Sen. Arthur Capper, is the largest publisher of farm periodicals west of the Mississippi. In the northeastern section The museum of the Kansas State Historical of the city are the Santa Fe shops. Northwest Society in Topeka contains many interesting a Concord stagecoach and a 1912 Topeka-made of Topeka, on US-24, is the Goodyear Tire exhibits and several period rooms. airplane. One of the oldest articles on display and Rubber Company plant, and eight miles is a Coronado era sword of 1541 found on the east of the city is the new DuPont cellophane plains of Kansas. The Society's newspaper plant. South of Topeka, on US-75, are Forbes Tonganoxie ( C-12) (pop. 1,449). Leaven­ Air Force Base and the Topeka Air Force sta­ worth County State Park, two miles west of collection is the largest in the country except­ ing that of the Library of Congress. It also tion. On the campus of Washburn University Tonganoxie, on K-16, includes a park area of of Topeka is Mulvane Art Museum (9-5 Man- 506 acres and a 175-acre lake. has large library, manuscripts and state archives sections, and extensive collections of pictures Topeka ( C-11) (pop. 110,648). The state and maps. Also east of the statehouse is the capitol building is located in a 20-acre square large general office building of the Santa near the center of Topeka. On the statehouse Fe railroad, the rail line which laid its first grounds are the Lincoln Statue and the Pioneer tracks from Topeka in 1868 headed for the Woman Statue, both by Topeka-born sculptor trade area of the southwest. West of the state­ Robert Merrill Gage. The Old Cottonwood house is the new nine-million dollar state office Tree, southeast quarter of the statehouse building, completed in 1957. The Executive grounds, is a venerable representative of the Mansion is eight blocks west of the statehouse official state h·ee. In the statehouse (8-5 week­ at the corner of Eighth and Buchanan Streets. days, 2-5 Sundays; guides available) are the Topeka is the home of Alfred M. Landon, Re­ famous John Steuart Curry murals on the sec­ publican candidate for President in 1936, and ond floor and a series of new murals on the Harry H. Woodring, Secretary of War, 1936- first floor by a Topeka artist, David H. Over­ 1940. Charles Curtis, part Kaw Indian and myer. East of the statehouse is the Kansas U.S. vice-president 1929-1933, the only "native Memorial Building (open daily) which in­ American" ever to hold so high an office, lived cludes the headquarters of the Kansas State at Topeka and is buried here. The late Dr. Historical Society. Its museum (open 8:15-5 Charles M. Sheldon, author of "In His Steps," weekdays, 8:15-4 Saturdays, 1-4:30 Sundays) was for many years pastor of the Central Con­ Still in use as a Congregational church, the I contains scores of displays, several period gregational Church in Topeka. The Men­ Beecher Bible and Rifle Church building, ! rooms, and many interesting exhibits, including ninger Foundation near the west city limits is Wabaunsee, was dedicated in 1862. 32 day through Friday, 7-9:30 Tuesday and Thursday evenings, 2-5 Sundays during school term; open by appointment in summer) which contains valuable permanent collections of American paintings and sculpture and offers contemporary exhibits. On the campus of To­ peka High School is a flagpole made from the lower foreyard of the frigate Constitution or "Old Ironsides." Reinisch Rose and Rock Gar­ den in Gage Park, at the western edge of To­ peka, is one of the most beautiful in the nation. Mid America Fair is held (second week in September) at Topeka on 80 acres of fair­ grounds with many permanent buildings and a large grandstand. Vinland (C-12). The Coal Creek Library opened in 1859, the first library in Kansas, is at Vinland. Wabaunsee ( C-10). The historic Beecher Bible and Rifle Church, dedicated in 1862, is still being used regularly for services. The church was organized in 1857 by abolitionist settlers aided by Henry \Vard Beecher. Wamego (C-10) (pop. 2,135). An old Dutch mill (1875) in the city park, east part of Wa­ mego, was transported stone by stone from a farm 12 miles north of town. Williamsburg ( D-11) (pop. 284). Three miles west of Williamsburg, whitewashed lime­ stone buildings mark the site of Old Silkville, a silk-growing colony of the 1870's.

The Old Dutch Mill in the city park at Wa­ mego was originally 12 miles north of town. It was dismantled stone-by-stone in 1925 and rebuilt on its present site. 33

Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey solving supporting rock strata and forming ',-~ caverns which eventually collapsed. Highway US-160, US-283 traverses north-south through Ashland ( F -5) (pop. 1,369). Thirteen miles the Big Basin. A half mile east of Big Basin west of Ashland on US-160 are Big Basin, is Little Basin, a smaller depression. This sink Little Basin and St. Jacob's Well (see Big is especially attractive for the pool of standing Basin). Clark County state park and lake is water which it contains known as St. Jacob's 16 miles no.rth of Ashland (see Kingsdown). Well. Little Basin and St. Jacob's 'Nell can be .reached by a two-mile path on the southern Big Basin ( F -5) is a mile-wide depression, 100 rim of Big Basin, east from highway US-160, feet deep, formed by underground water dis- US-283.

United States Geological Survey

Big Basin, an undrained depression in west­ ern Clark County, is one of the more noted sink holes in this section of Kansas. It is traversed by US-160, US-283.

St. Jacob's Well was a famous watering place in pioneer days near the Fort Supply­ Fort Dodge military road. It is said to have never gone dry, even in drought years. 35 Cimarron ( E-4) (pop. 1,093). Cimarron Crossing Park, on the Arkansas River, four miles west of Cimarron, marks a noted crossing and a short cut on the old Santa Fe Trail. It was also a favorite crossing of Indians. The park has a replica of a covered wagon, picnic tables and fireplaces. A pioneex museum is housed in the city hall ( 8-5:80 p. m. except on Sun­ day). North of US-50 may be seen remnants of the Soule Irrigation Ditch built in the 1880's by a New York patent medicine millionaire. Stretching from Ingalls for about 75 miles east,

Symbolic of early days when Dodge City was a cowboy capital and a wild frontier The "dry route" connected with the main town, this Cowboy Statue marks site of Boot Santa Fe trail at Cimarron Crossing on the Hill. Arkansas River west of Cimarron. it was intended to transform the prairie into a Garden of Eden. Coolidge ( E-2) (pop. 92). Twelve miles south of Coolidge is the Hamilton Sink, a de­ pression about 100 feet in diametex and about 50 feet deep. In the vicinity of Coolidge are several artesian wells.

An unusually extensive collection of Indian Dodge City ( E-4) (pop. 12,304) established relics and mementos of pioneer days is in 1872, became known as the "Queen of the housed in Beeson Museum at junction of Cow Towns." During the following 15 years millions of Texas Longhorns were driven up the US-56 and US-283 south of Dodge City. cattle trail from Texas herded by hundreds of 36 cowboys, and Dodge City became famous as a wild and woolly Western outpost. The Cow­ boy Statue near the municipal building marks the site of Boot Hill where at least 40 desper­ adoes and cowboys were buried "with their boots on." Also near the city hall are a mock cemetery (the bodies were moved to Prairie Grove in 1879), and a museum ( 9-6 daily f!'Om December to May; 7-10 daily, May to Decembe1·). Front Street, scene of shooting scrapes, once was the noisiest and most no­ torious street in the Wild West. Bat Master­ son and Wyatt Earp were among the few who were able to rule and control Front Street. A replica of a portion of old Front Street stands on Wyatt Earp Boulevard at the foot of Boot Hill. Here the colorful history of the pioneer West comes to life for the visitor (see picture, inside back cover). South of Dodge City at junction of US-283 and US-56 is Beeson Mu­ seum (7-9 daily; 25 cents for children, 50 cents for adults), a remarkable exhibit of Indian and pioneer relics. Five miles east of Dodge City on US-154 is old Fort Dodge, an army outpost established in 1864 for the protection of Trail travelers and settlers from Indians and Texas privateers. Several of the rock buildings are still in use as a State Soldier's Home. The first westbound pack train on the Santa Fe Trail was snow-bound four miles west of what is now Dodge City in 1828. Losing their ani­ mals, the pioneer traders cached their mer­ chandise on the slope of a hill north of present

Nine miles west of Dodge City the old Santa Fe trail ruts appear as dark streaks on the earth in this aerial photo. These are the most prominent trail ruts in Kansas. 37 US-50 and the depressions left by the later removal of their goods are known as The Caches. There is a marker near the site. Point Rocks, seven miles west of Dodge City on US-50, is a landmark of the Santa Fe Trail, and nine miles west of Dodge City on US-50 are ruts left by the passage of wagon trains during the period 1828-1878. Coronado in his search for the bountiful land of Quivira in 1541 is believed to have crossed the Arkansas River about seven miles east of the city. The site is marked by the Coronado Bridge and a wooden cross high on the bluff overlooking the 1iver

Garden City's Finnup Park contains what is Buffalo still roam in Scott County State Park reputed to be the world's largest free con­ north of Scott City; in the Finney County crete municipal swimming pool. In the park State Game Preserve south of Garden City; also is Kansas' largest zoo. and elsewhere in Kansas. 38 l Clark County State lake and Park, south­ west of Kingsdown, is a popular fishing and water activities area. valley. St. :tvlary of the Plains (Catholic) is the only four-year college in southwest Kansas. Important annual events scheduled in Dodge City include the Southwest Kansas Square Dance Festival in late March; Boot Hill Fiesta, the first week in May; and the 200-mile Na­ tional lVIotorcycle Race, the weekend of Labor Day.

Elkhart ( G-2) (pop. 1,549). The 10,000-aci·e Hugoton ( F -2) (pop. 2,871), located at the Morton County Wildlife Refuge is 8 miles heart of the world's largest natural gas field, north of Elkhart and west of highway K-27 is believed to be the first city in the world to along the Cimarron River. own a gas well within its corporate limits.

Garden City (E-3) (pop, 10,623) is the center Jetmore ( E-5) (pop. 975). Twelve miles of the state's irrigation industry. One of the southwest of Jetmore is Horsethief Canyon. state's branch experimental farm stations is There is a marker on the Fort Hays to Fort located at Garden City. Irrigation is impor­ Dodge Trail at Duncan Crossing on Pawnee tant to the area's chief crops which are wheat, Creek 11 miles east of Jetmore. A collection grain sorghums, sugar beets and alfalfa. Beef of Indian and pioneer relics is in the courthouse cattle and lamb feeding are also important ( 8-6 weekdays). agricultural industries. The city claims the Kingsdown (F-5). Clark County state park, largest country elevator in the world. Garden 11 miles southwest of Kingsdown, is located City is the home of famous Finnup Park which in picturesque Bluff Creek canyon, where includes the world's largest free concrete mu­ Indians of many hibes sought shelter and nicipal swimming pool and Kansas' largest zoo. security in days gone by. A 337-acre lake in An attractive tourist hospitality house is lo­ the park provides exceptionally good fishing cated in the park. Located a short distance and other recreational opportunities. south of the city on US-83 is a 3,600-acre State Game Preserve, home of the largest buffalo Lakin ( E-3) (pop. 1,351). Kearny County herd in the state. State Lake, known as Lake McKinney, two 39 An outstanding gun collection is in the mu­ seum of the Dalton Gang Hideout, Meade, rendezvous of the famous outlaw gang. On Shrove Tuesday each year, housewives in liberal, Kansas, and in Olney, England, miles east of Lakin near US-50, is a 3,000-acre compete simultaneously in an International area. Pancake race against time. Liberal ( G-3) (pop, 11,945) is the home of the International Pancake Race in which house­ wives compete simultaneously with housewives in Olney, England, on Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday) in the latter's cus­ tom of running nearly a quarter mile with a A game preserve containing buffalo, elk, pancake in a skillet, tossing it twice en route. deer, and many birds make the Meade Liberal is a key city of the Hugoton-Oklahoma­ County State Park interesting. There are Texas Panhandle natural gas field. Large gas also a fishing lake, and camping facilities. pumping stations and gasoline extraction plants 40 are near by. Irrigation in the district has led and elk, while deer have the run of the entire to a wide diversity of crops including onions 1,240 acres of park. and honeydew melons as well as winter wheat, Satanta (F-3) (pop. 648). The world's larg­ sorghums and broomcorn. The Rock Island est furnace-type carbon black plant is at Sa­ bridge across the Cimarron River, 1,200 feet long and 100 feet above the river bed, is knowi;l tanta. as the "Samson of the Cimarron." Syracuse (E-2) (pop. 1,762). The Perkins Park Zoo is here (open 6-8, summer; 7-6 win­ Meade (F-4) (pop, 1,819) is the home of the ter. Admission, 50 and 25 cents). Dalton Gang Hideout and Museum (7-7 daily) on US-54. Visitors go through the secret escape Ulysses (F-2) (pop. 2,724). Large carbon black plants are located in the Ulysses region, tunnel from the house to the barn which houses one east of Hickok and another near Ryus. A a Western museum, including one of the na­ natural gas capital, Ulysses is also an irrigated tion's finest gun collections. The world's largest farming region famous for its onions, honeydew volcanic ash mine is located near the city. melons and cantaloupes. A historical marker 11 Meade County state park and lake, 13 miles miles south of Ulysses on US-270 describes southwest of Meade, has a pheasant farm and Wagon Bed Springs, a popular but perilous fish hatchery maintained by the State Forestry, watering spot on the Santa Fe Trail. Near the Fish and Game Commission. A half section marker is a memorial to the noted Western of game preserve in the park contains buffalo explorer and fur trader, Jedediah S. Smith.

Stripping plants near Ulysses serve the Hugo­ ton gas field. Kansas ranks sixth in the nation in natural gas production.

Carbon black, produced in plants like this one in the Ulysses area, is used in the making of rubber tires, and in the ink, paint, polish, and other industries.

41

Cheyenne Bottoms (D-7), one of the nation's outstanding migratory waterfowl refuges, pub­ Argonia ( F -8) (pop. 562) had the first woman lic shooting grounds and recreational areas, is a mayor in the world. A marker in front of the state-federal project composed of a deep, cen­ Township Building honors Susanna Madora tral lake surrounded by four shallow lakes. Salter, mayor of Argonia, 1887-1888. Total water area is approximately 13,000 acres. Ellinwood ( D-7) (pop. 2,934). Three miles Belle Plaine (F-9) (pop. 1,640), Bartlett north of Ellinwood is the Frank W. Robl Game Arboretum (open), a 25-acre formal garden, is Refuge and Banding Station (open 8-5, call in nationally famous for its collection of flowers, shrubs, trees, and grasses. advance for special interview) where migratory birds are banded so their movement across the country can be studied. Over 22,000 birds Caldwell ( G-8) (pop, 1,936). On the Chis­ have been banded and they have been recov­ holm Trail, Caldwell was wild and woolly in ered on the entire North American continent, the 1880's, when it was receiving thousands of as far north as Alaska and a few as far south Texas cattle for shipment by rail. A historical as South America. Hundreds of geese winter marker on US-81, one mile south of Caldwell here from November to March. marks the place where the Chisholm Trail .en~ Great Bend (D-6) (pop. 17,184), "Oil Cap­ tered Kansas. ital in the Heart of the Wheat Belt," is located

.. '

Oil derricks and pumps are prominent fea­ tures on the landscapes of south-central Kansas where many of the state's major oil producing fields are located.

Cheyenne Bottoms is a nationally known and important wildlife refuge near Great Bend. Hunting is permitted in certain parts of the area during waterfowl season. 43 in the great bend of the Arkansas Rive;r, Its Hillsboro ( D-9) (pop. 2,199). Tabor college famous Tenth Street, site of scor.es of supply (Mennonite) at Hillsboro has in its library a houses and allied oil businesses, is known as collection of books on Mennonite history and j "the oil artery of Kansas." A historical marker, literature and a small museum (open by ap­ three miles east of Great Bend, marks the site pointment). A pioneer adobe house was moved of old Fort Zarah. Cheyenne Bottoms is lo­ to the city park, reconstructed, and furnished cated 6)f miles northeast of Great Bend (see as a replica of a type of home built by Men­ Cheyenne Bottoms). nonite settlers of the 1870's.

Greensburg ( F -6) (pop. 1,986) claims the Hutchinson ( E-8) (pop. 36,863), atop the world's largest hand-dug well, measuring 32 greatest salt deposits in the world, is a major feet in diameter and 109 feet deep, with steps salt production center with three of the largest leading to the water level. Adjacent to the salt evaporation plants and one of the most well is the Celestial Museum containing the modern salt mines in the world. They are largest Pallasite Meteorite ever found and many open to visitors by appointment. Hutchinson other articles. This double feature attraction has several large wheat elevators including one is open during the summer ( 7-9) and during of the largest and longest in the world, and is the winter (9-5). the largest primary hard wheat market in the Halstead ( E-8) (pop. 1,6:35) is the home of country. A vast oil field surrounds the city. Halstead Hospital built by Arthur E. Hertzler The Kansas State Fair is held at Hutchinson whose autobiography, Horse and Buggy Doc­ annually in September, as is the National tor, attracted nation-wide attention. Junior College basketball tournament each March. The State Industrial Reformatory is Hesston ( E-8) (pop. 859). Here is Hesston in the east part of the city. At the entrance to College (Mennonite). Carey municipal park is the Emerson Carey This huge hand-dug, stone-lined well at Greensburg has been developed into a widely known Kansas travel attraction. A flight of steps leads downward to the water level.

Huge grain elevators dominating the sky­ line of Hutchinson reveal that city's leading position as a primary market for hard wheat. It is also a major salt producing center. 44 West of lyons is this granite cross in mem­ ory of Father Padilla, Spanish priest and flrst Christian martyr in present U. S.

bakery and hospital on the east, and stables on the south. The parade ground was in the center. In case of siege-and the fort was under siege by Indians at least three times­ a secret tunnel led from under one of the buildings to the creek, 75 yards to the north, so water could be obtained by the besieged garrison. Every building in the quadrangle still stands and may be visited by the public. Topeka Daily Capital Fort Lamed was officially opened as a tourist attraction in May, 1957, and has a pioneer museum in one of the buildings. Larned State Fort larned is an excellent surviving example Hospital (mental) is 3)~ miles west of the city. of a frontier military post, and the best pre­ served along the Santa Fe trail. Lyons ( D-7) (pop. 4,615). Four miles west of Lyons on US-56 is a historical marker de­ scribing Quivira and next to it a 30-foot granite Memorial Fountain with its beautiful ever­ cross commemorating Father Juan de Padilla, changing colored lights and water sprays. who accompanied Coronado to Kansas in 1541 and returned the following year to become the Kingman (F-7) (pop. 3,648). The Kingman first Christian martyr on what is now U.S. soil. Rodeo is held annually in late May. Kingman The cross is illuminated at night. In the court­ County State Park is eight miles west on US-54. house is a museum (7:30-5 except Sundays) Kinsley (E-5) (pop. 2,484), "Half Way and with an outstanding collection of pioneer and a Place to Stay," is near the half-way point Indian relics. Near Lyons is a salt mine, and between San Francisco and New York. A a new and modern salt processing plant. pioneer sod house replica has been erected at Macksville ( E-6) (pop. 553). The citizens Kinsley. of Macksville have built a band shell, shelter Larned ( E-6) (pop. 5,150). Fort Larned, house and outdoor fireplaces of rocks from 26 about six miles west of Larned on US-156, was the most important Kansas military post on the Santa Fe Trail. Built of huge blocks of sand­ Hutchinson and lyons are major salt pro­ stone, the fort was a quadrangle, with officers' ducing centers. The salt is extracted both quarters to the west, barracks on the north, by underground mining and by evaporation. 45 I states, Canada and J'viexico. A rock bridge is nearby. The city park is fine for picnicking and a new swimming pool has been completed. '' ' McPherson ( D-8) (pop, 9,084). Five public ' parks welcome the traveler. Lakeside Park, on US-56, has a large swimming pool, just two blocks north of the highway. The park also is close to the McPherson College museum i (open Mondays th1'ough F1'idays, daytime jl haul's) where the world's first man-made dia­ :i mond is on display. Picnicking is permitted in all of the parks, three of which are on US-56. Five miles southeast of McPherson is a monu­ ment on Dry Turkey Creek where United States commissioners made a treaty with the Kansas Indians in 1825 for the right of way on the Santa Fe Trail tlu·ough central Kansas. McPherson is the location of Central College (Free Methodist) and McPherson College

On the high school grounds in Medicine The shelter house and monument on Pawnee lodge is this monument to an important sign­ Rock mark a site used by hostile Indians to ing of peace treaties with five tribes of observe movements of wagon trains along Plains Indians in 1867. the Santa Fe trail in frontier days. »~ 46 (Church of the Brethren). A statue of Gen­ hills about eight miles west of the city. The eral McPherson, Civil War leader for whom Gyp Hills Trails are well-marked with more the city is named, is in Central Park. All than 200 markers. A 42-mile stretch along Schools Day, a unique May fete and festival US-160 between Medicine Lodge and Cold­ honoring McPherson county eighth grade grad­ water will become Cedar Tree Lane. More uates, is held annually in mid-May. than 1,000 trees already have been planted.

Medicine Lodge (F-7) (pop. 2,966) is the site Newton (E-8) (pop, 14,434), The area in of peace treaties negotiated by United States and around Newton is the home of the largest government representatives and the chiefs of Mennonite settlement in the United States. five hostile Plains Indian tribes in 1867. The In Athletic Park is a tall limestone shaft, a treaties permitted settlement of the country memorial to the Mennonites who brought Red and the building of railroads. Once every five Turkey hard winter wheat to this country from years (next presentation October, 1961) a. cast Russia in 1874 and thus helped Kansas to of 1,500 presents the Peace Treaty Pageant march toward fame as the "Breadbasket of the commemorating the pacts. Site of the Pageant World." The city has four flour mills, the is Memorial Peace Park, natural amphitheater largest of which, Ross Industries, Inc. ( 300 seating 25,000 persons, on US-160 two miles E. Broadway), is open to visitors. Newton has east of town. Medicine Lodge was the home become a mobile home manufacturing center. of Carry A. Nation, stom1y antiliquor crusader, Two of the largest manufacturing firms, the American Coach Company and Guerdon In­ The Carry A. Nation Home is now a VV. C. Kaufmann Museum, on the campus of Bethel T. U, shrine and museum (open daily). The dustries, Inc., are open to visitors ( 8-5, M on­ First National Bank was the scene of a robbery days through Fridays). College, North Newton, is noted for its in 1884 in which the bank's president and its animal and bird collections. cashier were shot and killed. The bandits' North Newton ( E-8) (pop, 529), Bethel Col­ leader was the marshal of Caldwell. Pursued lege is the oldest and largest collegiate Men­ by a huge posse, the four thieves were boxed nonite school in the nation. On its campus is in and captured at Jackass Canyon southwest Kaufmann Museum (Mondays th1'ough SatU1'­ of town. Later, citizens stormed the jail, shot days, 1-5, 50 cents adults and 25 cents stu­ the leader and hanged the others from Hang­ dents). man's Tree, symbolized by the macabre rope Oxford ( F -9) (pop. 943). An old mill built and tree in the city park. The National Gyp­ in 1874 still stands here. sum Company here operates the most modern wallboard plant in America. South of Medi­ cine Lodge are the Gypsum Hills. Deep can­ yons and hills, carved by erosion into towering mesas and buttes, give tourists another type The home of Carry A. Nation, famous anti­ of Kansas scenery. The red shale of the mesas liquor crusader, is now a museum in Medi­ is capped with white gypsum. Noted among cine Lodge. It is maintained by the Women's the formations are the Twin Buttes, pointed Christian Temperance Union. 47 Pawnee Rock (D-6) (pop. 384). One­ quarter mile north of town and visible from US-56 is Pawnee Rock, a famous landmark on the Santa Fe Trail. As a lookout and ambush for hostile Indians, the rock was one of the most dangerous points on the Central Plains. It is now a state park. A shelter house and monument are on the summit. Peabody (E-9) (pop. 1,425). Four miles east of Peabody, along US-50, is Indian Guide Hill, an early-day guidepoint now topped by a con­ crete pylon. Peabody claims the oldest Ma­ sonic building still standing in Kansas. It is a stone structure located nine miles south of town. Peabody also claims the first public library in the state. Pratt ( F -6) (pop. 7,966). Headquarters for the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commis­ sion are southeast of Pratt on the grounds of the state fish hatchery. One of the world's largest fresh-water hatcheries and the first channel catfish hatchery, it covers 187 acres and has 105 brood ponds as well as a museum, aquarium, zoo and the Commission's head­ quarters. Thousands of visitors annually visit the hatchery (open the entire year) and the well-kept grounds and exhibits, Pretty Prairie ( E-7) (pop. 522) is the site of Kansas' largest night rodeo, usually held in early August.

One of the largest fresh water fish hatch­ eries in the world, and the headquarters of the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Com­ mission, are southeast of Pratt.

48 ------St. John ( E-6) (pop. 1,819). The Great Salt Marsh area in Stafford-Rice-Reno counties, northeast of St. John, is being developed into a national wildlife refuge by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Approximately 20,000 acres on Rattlesnake Creek will be included in the refuge. Sterling ( E-7) (pop. 2,065), Sterling College (United Presbyterian) is here.

Sun City (F-6) (pop, 184). Natural Bridge, six miles south of Sun City, is about 35 feet wide and 50 feet long. Its underside is 12 feet above a small intermittent stream. Near the bridge is a tunnel-like cave more than 250 feet in length. The bridge and cave were formed out of the gypsum by circulating un­ derground water .

.-~---:--____A___ d_a Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey

<:----<< Because of colorful buttes and mesas Formed from gypsum rock by the circulation of red shale topped with white gypsum, the of underground water, this natural bridge Gyp Hills area of Barber County is one of six miles south of Sun City is an interesting the state's most scenic regions. scenic attraction.

49 Wellington ( F -8) (pop. 9,275). At the west city limits Woods' park, a pleasant 171-acre spot with 5,000 trees, offers facilities for golf­ ing, fishing, swimming and picnicking. Well­ ington's community museum includes a col­ lection of 1,000 canes, many unusual clocks, large collection of guns, vehicles, farm items, arrowheads and other items. 1j Wichita ( F -9) (pop. 250,099), largest city in l Kansas, is first in the world in production of personal airplanes and an important military l airplane manufacturing center. The Beech, l Boeing and Cessna plants are familiar to the I airplane industry, and smaller plants make air­ plane parts. For security reasons admission to airplane plants is restricted, but visitors may drive along the highways and see the bombers l\1 li in training flights. The old municipal airport, five miles southeast of Wichita, has become McConnell Air Force Base. The new municipal airport, six miles southwest of the city, is also headquarters of the National Flying Farmers Association. Wichita is a major flour milling, meat packing, oil producing and refining center. It is the largest broomcorn market in the world, Lawrence Stadium in Wichita, Kansas' larg­ and home of Coleman lighting and heating est city, is the scene of a full season of base­ equipment. On the banks of the Arkansas ball g<;~mes, including the National Semi­ river west of Seneca and Central streets, the Pro Ba~eball Toutnament, held annually. Cow Town of 1872 is being reconstructed by Historic Wichita, Inc. The first log home and hotel, first jail and first church have been moved to Cow Town. In keeping with that period, there will be a blacksmith shop, job printery, general store, land office, feed mill, millinery, A maJor attraction in Wichita is the Cow railroad station and post office. A Santa Fe Town of 1872, the reconstructed old Wich­ depot, tracks and cattle yards, a fire station ita village, now partly completed, and with with original equipment, drugstore which has more under construction and planned. antique fixtures and stock, and a replica of the 50 first log schoolhouse have been completed. Of architectural interest is 'Wichita High School North with walls adorned with pioneer, In­ dian and buffalo scenes. Adjacent is similarly adorned Minisa Bridge, across the Little Arkan­ sas, named for a symphonic poem written by Thurlow Lieurance, famed Wichita composer of Indian music. In the city are the University of Wichita, first municipal university west of the Mississippi; Friends University (Society of Friends); and Sacred Heart College (Catholic). On Friends University campus is a museum (open by appointment) containing many In­ dian and pioneer relics, an authentic covered wagon that actually made the trip from North Carolina to Kansas in 1863 and numerous mounted African animals. The Walter H. Beech Memorial 'Wind Tunnel on the Univer­ ,sity of Wichita campus can create an artificial hurricane of 200-mile-an-hour velocity and is used to test airplane models. There is a pioneer museum (1:30-4:30 daily except Mondays; closed August) in the Forum, 221 S. Water. Wichita Art Museum ( 11-5 daily except Mondays, 2-6 Sundays), 619 Stackman, has an outstanding collection of contemporary American art and loan exhibits of national importance on tour schedules. Wichita Art Association Galleries ( 1-5 daily except Mondays; closed from mid­ dle of July to middle of September), 401 N. Belmont, has ever-changing exhibitions of fine and applied arts. In Wichita also are a Veterans Administration Center Hospital and the Institute of Logopedics, one of the world's outstanding speech correction centers. Wichita Wichita is one of the country's most impor­ Zoo ( 9-5 daily) is in Central Riverside Park. tant aircraft production centers. Three fac· The National Semipro Baseball Tournament tories produce many types of military and is held annually in Lawrence Stadium. civilian planes, including jet bombers.

51 Baxter Springs (B-12) (pop. 4,545), once a wild cattle town, was the site of the Baxter Springs Massacre by Quantrill's Guerrillas in October, 1863. A monument in the National Cemetery commemorates the victims. Military Avenue, the main street (US-166), is named for the old military road which linked Fort Leavenworth and the Indian Territory to the south. Great chat piles are evidence of the lead and zinc mining in the vicinity.

Bazaar ( D-10). Thousands of Indian artifacts are mounted and on display in cases at the George and Frank Roniger farm home which overlooks Bazaar from the southeast. A me­ morial to Knute Rockne, famed Notre Dame football coach, is located in a pasture five miles southwest of Bazaar, near K-13, marking the spot where Rockne and seven others were killed in an airplane crash in 1931.

Benedict ( F -ll) (pop. 121). In the Harley Masters Nature Park (open daily 8 a. m.-10 p. m.) groups of stones have been painted to resemble animals and birds.

Caney ( G-ll) (pop. 2,805) has the only glass­ making plant in Kansas.

Cedar Vale ( F -10) (pop. 861) has a miniature village which contains 82 buildings, all replicas of early day and present buildings in the city.

Chanute (E-ll) (pop. 10,499). The late Osa Johnson, a native of Chanute, and her husband, Martin Johnson, noted explorers, are buried here. A new museum containing trophies and This pile of chat, the residue of lead and souvenirs of their African trips has been opened zinc mining operations, is evidence of the on the corner of Main and Highland (open extraction of those metals in the area around Saturdays, 2-8 p m. ) . There is a herd of Baxter Springs. buffalo 12 miles west of Chanute on land

54 adjoining K-39 just .east of the junction with US-75. Coffeyville ( G-11) (pop, 18,291). The Dal­ ton family of desperadoes made their b.IDody raid on the city on October 5, 1892, in an attempt to rob two banks at the same time. Still to be seen is Death Alley down which the gang raced to their horses through a withering cross fire from aroused citizens. Three mem­ bers of the Dalton gang, Bob and Grat Dalton and Bill Powers, are buried in Ellinwood Cem­ etery. The Dalton Defenders Museum is lo­ cated on the Plaza (open 9-5 Tuesdays through Saturdays, 1-5 Sundays). The museum has on display souvenirs from the famous gun bat­ Knute Rockne, famed Notre Dame football tle. Also in the museum are mementos of coach, and seven others were killed in a Walter Johnson, famous major league baseball 1931 airplane crash at the site of this memo­ pitcher. There is a memorial to Johnson in rial 5 miles southwest of Bazaar. Memorial Park. Columbus ( F -12) (pop. 3,449) is a coal, lead Three members of the Dalton gang of early­ and zinc center. day outlaws are buried at Coffeyville. They Cottonwood Falls (D-10) (pop. 958). The were killed in 1892 while attempting two Chase County courthouse, built in the 1870's, simultaneous bank robberies. is situated on a small hill at the .end of the town's main street. Knute Rockne monument is 13 miles southeast of here near K-13 (see Bazaar). Dexter ( F -9) (pop. 301). The first discovery of helium gas was made at Dexter in 1903. El Dorado ( E-9) (pop. 12,580), flanked by oil fields, is the seat of Butler County, the largest county in the state, and is at the western edge of the Flint Hills. On October 9, 1915, Staple­ ton No. 1 oil well converted ElDorado from a Dating from the 1870's, the Chase County small town into a booming, progressive city. Courthouse at Cottonwood Falls is French A marker, at the northwestern edge of the city, Renaissance architecture of the period of commemorates the event. ~ouis XIII. 55 I I

tions may be seen by following the green and white markers of the William Allen White i'v!Gm10rial Drive. The College of Emporia (Presbyterian) with a museum ( 8-5 week days; 9-12 Saturdays) is located here; and also Kan­ sas State Teachers College with a museum of natural science and industrial exhibits (week days 8-5), and "Summer Theatre" in air-con­ ditioned Albert Taylor Hall, mid-June to mid­ August. The Museum of the Lyon County Histo.ldcal Society is in the basement of civic auditorium (open Wednesday afternoons). Eureka ( E-10) (pop, 4,073) is at the center of the Magic Circle, a ring 400 miles in diam­ eter at the heart of the United States and drawn by Economist Roger W. Babson to em­ brace what he terms "the richest and safest area in the nation." Here, also, is the Midwest Institute of Business Administration founded by Babson. Southeast of Eureka is Fall River Dam. Fall River Dam and Reservoir ( E-10) is 25 miles southeast of Eureka and 20 miles north­ west of Fredonia. Recreation facilities include fishing, hunting, boating, camping, picnicking, swimming and a lookout tower. Farlington (F-12). Two miles north of here The late great small-town newspaper editor, is Crawford County state park and lake No. 2, William Allen White, lives on in memory in one of the outstanding Southeast Kansas beauty spots. Peter Pan Park and other places in Emporia. daughter. In the park is the William Allen White Memorial by sculptor Jo Davidson and Emporia ( D-10) (pop. 15,283). Here are the dedicated in 1950 by former President Herbert late William Allen White's Emporia Gazette, Hoover. The William Allen White library on now published by his son and famous author, the campus of Kansas State Teachers College Fall River Reservoir, between Eureka and W. L. White; the William Allen White home, has many of the famous editor's mementos in­ Fredonia, is a 2,600-acre lake built by the "Red Rocks"; and Peter Pan Park donated by cluding the original of his widely published U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. It is a pop­ Mr. and Mrs. White as a memorial to their editorial "Mary White." All of these attrac- ular recreation area. 56

Fort Scott ( E-12) (pop. 10,203) is the out­ growth of a frontier military outpost estab­ lished in May, 1842. Boasting a dramatic and interesting history, Fort Scott is rich with tour­ ist attractions. Included in these sightseer spots are Fort Blair, renovated Civil War blockhouse; Carroll Plaza, the parade ground of the orig­ inal Fort; the well-preserved 100-year-old Of­ fleers' Quarters which house a Historical Mu­ seum (open daily 9-5); National Cemetery, southeast edge of town, first officially desig­ nated cemetery in the nati@n to be used for burial of soldiers. A historical marker in memory of Eugene Ware, "Ironquill," Amer­ ican poet of international fame who called Fort Scott his home town, is in the National Ceme­ tery.

Fredonia (F-ll) (pop. 3,373). Twenty miles northwest of Fredonia is the Fall River Dam and Reservoir (see Fall River Dam).

Galena ( F -12) (pop, 3,848). Lead was dis­ covered here in 1877; the Galena smelter is one of the largest of its kind in the world.

Garnett ( D-12) (pop. 2,698). The birthplace of the late U. S. Senator Arthur Capper, noted newspaper publisher and the first native Kan­ san to be elected governor, is located on East Fifth Street. The Walker Collection of Art and Letters, housed at the Garnett Public Li­ brary, 129 West Fourth Avenue (open 2-5, 7-9, Mondays through Saturdays), includes

This historical museum at Fort Scott was once officers' quarters at old Fort Scott, estab­ lished in 1842, and an important military post during the Civil War. 58 works of John Steuart Curry, Henry Varnum Poor, and other noted artists. Independence ( F -11) (pop, 11,622), About one mile east of Independence on US-160 a historical marker stands near the site of a Civil War battle between 20 Confederates and some loyal Osage Indians. In 1870, Drum Creek Treaty, near here, moved the Osage Indians back to Oklahoma where ironically they struck oil and became among the wealthiest people on earth. Riverside Park includes a vari-colored illuminated fountain, monkey island and zoo. The nation's first game of organized baseball under lights was played in the Independence ball park. Montgomery County state lake and park four miles south of town offers good fish­ ing, boating, swimming and camping. lola (E-ll) (pop, 6,893). The boyhood home of Gen. Frederick Funston, hero of the Philip­ pine campaign, is located four and one-half miles north of lola on US-59. It has been made into a museum by the state of Kansas and contains many historical mementos. Open (10-12 and 2-5 weekdays, 1:80-5 Sundays) to the public during all but the winter months. Remnants of Stony Lonesome Schoolhouse, eight miles south of lola, where General Fun­ ston first taught school, have been preserved and enclosed within a rail fence. lola claims Kansas State Historical Society the largest courthouse square in the United States, and the oldest jail in continuous use, Marion ( D-9) (pop. 2,172). The !\•!arion General Frederick Funston of Philippine cam­ 1869 to 1959. It will soon be opened as a County 152-acre lake, four miles southeast of paign fame lived in this house near lola as museum, sponsored by the Allen County His­ Marion, has facilities for boating, swimming, a boy. It is now a State Museum. torical Society, which also has a museum in fishing, picnicking and camping. the new courthouse. Moline (F-10) (pop, 679). Some of the state's Latham ( F -10) (pop. 189), Butler County state lake (Lake Clymer) is three miles north­ largest rock quarries are two miles east of Mo­ west of here. line. 59 Neodesha ( F -11) (pop, 3,959), The first Kan­ sas oil well to produce in commercial quantities was drilled in Neodesha in 1892 in what be­ ! -i came known as the Mid-Continent field. The site is identified with a marker at the west edge of the city on US-75. Boster's Museum, 620 Main Street, features antiques and historical items.

Oswego ( F -12) (pop, 2,333), The corner of 4th and Union Streets is the site of an old town well and a trading post established in the 1840's, Riverside Park, on a high bluff over­ looking the broad Neosho River Valley, has facilities for swimming, tennis, picnicking and hiking. Oswego's scenic dam on the Neosho River below Riverside Park is a favorite fish­ ing place for sportsmen of southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma.

Parsons (F-12) (pop. 13,362). About 12 miles west of Parsons are visible the Bender Mounds, named for the Bender family-William, his wife, son John and daughter Kate. Here oc­ cmTed several ghastly murders committed by the Benders, who vanished and were never brought to trial. The Parsons State Hospital and Training Center is here. Neosho County state park and lake (Lake McKinley) is eight miles northeast of Parsons.

Pittsburg ( F -12) (pop, 19,418) is the center of large strip coal mining operations. Also in this industrial vicinity are one of the largest

Neosho County State Park, northeast of Par­ sons, is the oldest and one of the most at­ tractive in the state park system. 60 ammonium nitrate plants; the nation's largest plant devoted largely to the production of coal preparation equipment; the main repair shops of the Kansas City Southern railway; and one of the largest and most modern clay sewer pipe plants. A museum (8-10 daily) in Porter Library on the campus of Kansas State Ccllege of Pittsburg contains biological, zoological and historical collections. Crawford County state park and lake No. 1 is four miles north of Pitts­ burg. The many small lakes within the park, formed as a result of strip mining operations, total about 150 acres of water.

Pleasanton (E-12) (pop. 1,120). About two miles south of Pleasanton on US-69 a historical marker stands on the site of the Battle of Mine Creek between 25,000 Union and Confederate forces in October, 1864. The Union victory ended the threat of a Confederate invasion of Kansas. The 6,000-acre Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Refuge is north of Pleasanton and west of U.S. Highway 69.

Saint Paul ( F -12) (pop, 775). An old Cath­ olic and Jesuit Monastery are here. Neosho County state lake is six miles south of Saint Paul (see Pa1'sons).

Shaw ( F -ll). A marker on US-59, three miles east, briefly describes old Mission Neosho, near Shaw, the first Indian Mission and School in Kansas ( 1824).

Some of the largest power shovels in the world are used to strip the earth from coal beds in the vicinity of Pittsburg.

61 Toronto (E-ll) (pop. 583). Woodson County state park and lake (Lake Fegan), five miles east of Toronto, is one of the most beautiful of the state lakes. A prehistoric cave containing mysterious Indian writings is located 12 miles north of Toronto. Toronto Dam and Reservoir, with 2,800 acres of water and 51 miles of shore­ line, south of town, is under construction. Trading Post ( D-12) was an Indian trading post in 1834. A memorial park, four miles northeast of Trading Post, is the site of the Marais des Cygnes massacre, where in 1858 a raiding party of Proslavery men herded several F,ree-State men into a ravine and shot them, killing five and wounding five. The massacre aroused the North and broke the strength of slavery sentiment in Kansas. A monument bearing lines from Whittier's tribute to the victims is in the Trading Post cemetery. Winfield (F-9) (pop. 10,923). A huge mural, 62Jf feet long and 13 feet high, on a wall of the First National Bank, depicts the history of Winfield since 1872. (Open Mondays through Fridays, 9-2:30.) Located in Winfield are Southwestern College (Methodist), St. John's College (Lutheran), and the Winfield State Hospital and Training Center. Island Park surrounded by a lagoon attracts thousands of visitors annually. Yates Center ( E-11) (pop. 2,033) is an im­ portant hay shipping point in a large hay pro­ ducing section. Woodson County state park (Lake Fegan) is located eight miles southwest of Yates Center (see Toronto),

Beautiful woods and rugged lake shores mark Woodson County State Park, located eight miles southwest of Yates Center. 62 Coolidge ...... 36 Halstead ...... 44 Coronado Heights, lindsborg ...... 17 Hanover ...... 27 Abilene ...... 13 Cottonwood Falls ...... 55 Haskell Indian Institute, lawrence. . . . . 29 Argonia ...... 43 Council Grove ...... 24 Hays ...... 15 Arkansas City ...... 53 Delphos ...... 14 Herington ...... 27 Ashland ...... 35 Dexter ...... 55 Hesston ...... 44 Atchison ...... 23 Dodge City ...... 36 Hiawatha ...... 27 Augusta ...... 53 Eisenhower Home, Museum, Abilene. . . 13 Highland ...... 27 Baldwin ...... 23 El Dorado ...... 55 Hill City ...... 6 Baxter Springs ...... 54 Ellinwood ...... 43 Hillsboro ...... 44 Bazaar ...... 54 Ellis ...... 14 Hoisington ...... 15 Beeler ...... 5 Ellsworth ...... 14 Horton ...... 27 Belle Plaine ...... 43 Emporia ...... 56 Hugoton ...... 39 Belleville ...... 13 Eskridge ...... 24 Hutchinson ...... 44 Beloit ...... 13 Eureka ...... 56 Independence ...... 59 Benedict ...... 54 Fairfax Industrial District, Kansas City. . 28 Indian Burial Pit, Salina...... 19 Big Basin ...... 35 Fairway ...... 24 lola ...... 59 Boot Hill, Dodge City ...... 36 Fall River Dam and Reservoir...... 56 Jamestown ...... 15 Brookville ...... 14 Farlington ...... 56 Jetmore ...... 39 Bunker Hill ...... 14 Fort Hays Kansas State Co/lege, Hays. . 15 Junction City ...... 28 Caldwell ...... 43 Fort leavenworth ...... 26 Kanopolis ...... 15 Caney ...... 54 Fort Riley ...... 26 Kanopolis Dam and Reservoir ...... 15 Carneiro ...... 14 Fort Scott ...... 58 Kansas City, Kansas ...... 28 Castle Rock ...... 5 Fredonia ...... 58 Kansas State Co/lege of Pittsburg. . . . . 61 Cawker City ...... 14 Front Street Replica, Dodge City...... 36 Kansas State Teachers Co/lege, Cedar Bluff Dam and Reservoir ...... 5 Galena ...... 58 Emporia ...... 56 Cedar Vale ...... 54 Garden CHy ...... 39 Kansas State University, Manhattan . . . 29 Chanute ...... 54 Garnett ...... 58 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, Horton . . 27 Cheyenne Bottoms ...... 14, 43 Geodetic Center, North America, Kingman ...... 45 Cimarron ...... 36 Osborne ...... 18 Kingsdown ...... 39 Claflin ...... 14 Geographic Center, lebanon ...... 16 Kinsley ...... 45 Coffeyville ...... 55 Goodland ...... 6 Kirwin Dam and Reservoir...... 16 Colby ...... 5 Great Bend ...... 44 Lakin ...... 39 Columbus ...... 55 Greensburg ...... 44 larned ...... 45 Concordia ...... 14 Gyp Hills, Medicine Lodge...... 47 Latham ...... 59 63 lawrence ...... 29 Osawatomie ...... 30 Sterling ...... 49 leavenworth ...... 29 Osborne ...... 18 Stockton ...... 20 lebanon ...... 16 Oskaloosa ...... 30 Sun City...... 49 lecompton ...... 29 Oswego ...... 60 Syracuse ...... 41 leoti ...... 6 Ottawa ...... 30 Territorial Capitol, First, Fort Riley. . . . . 26 liberal ...... 40 Oxford ...... 47 Tonganoxie ...... 32 Topeka ...... 32 Paola ...... 30 lincoln ...... 16 Toronto ...... 62 lindsborg ...... 17 Parsons ...... 60 Trading Post ...... 62 lucas ...... 18 Pawnee Rock ...... 48 Tribune ...... 10 lyons ...... 45 Peabody ...... 48 Ulysses ...... 41 Macksville ...... 46 Phillipsburg ...... 18 University of Kansas, lawrence ...... 29 Manhattan ...... 29 Pittsburg ...... 61 Utica ...... 10 Mankato ...... 18 Pleasanton ...... 61 Victoria ...... 20 Mariadahl ...... 29 Pony Express Station, Hanover . . . . . 27 Vinland ...... 33 Marion ...... 59 Pottawatomie Indian Reservation, Wabaunsee ...... 33 Marquette ...... 18 Mayetta ...... 30 Waconda Springs ...... 21 Marysville ...... 30 Prairie Village ...... 30 WaKeeney ...... 10 Mayetta ...... 30 Pratt ...... 48 Wallace ...... 10 McPherson ...... 46 Pretty Prairie ...... 48 Wamego ...... 33 Meade ...... 41 Quinter ...... 8 Wellington ...... 50 Medicine lodge ...... 47 Republic ...... 18 Wichita ...... 50 Minneapolis ...... 18 Rock City, Minneapolis ...... 18 Williamsburg ...... 33 Moline ...... 60 Russell ...... 18 Winfield ...... 62 Monument Rocks ...... 7 Sabetha ...... 30 Yates Center ...... 62 Morland ...... 7 St. John ...... 49 Natural Bridge, Sun City ...... 49 St. Marys ...... 31 Neodesha ...... 60 St. Paul ...... 61 Newton ...... 47 Salina ...... 19 North Newton ...... 47 Satanta ...... 41 Norton ...... 7 Scott City ...... 8 Oakley ...... 7 Seneca ...... 31 Oberlin ...... 8 Sharon Springs ...... 10

Ogden ...... 30 Shaw ...... 61 PRINTED lN THE STATE PRINTING PLANT, TOPEKA Olathe ...... 30 Shawnee Methodist Mission, Fairway. . 24 ~ Olmitz ...... 18 Smith Center ...... 19 28-3423 64