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(Vocs and Svocs) from Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Natural Zeolite and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Sustainable Pavements
sustainability Article Evaluation of Reductions in Fume Emissions (VOCs and SVOCs) from Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Natural Zeolite and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Sustainable Pavements Javier Espinoza 1,2 , Cristian Medina 1,2, Alejandra Calabi-Floody 3 , Elsa Sánchez-Alonso 3 , Gonzalo Valdés 3 and Andrés Quiroz 1,2,* 1 Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; [email protected] (J.E.); [email protected] (C.M.) 2 Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA), University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile 3 Department of Civil Works Engineering, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; [email protected] (A.C.-F.); [email protected] (E.S.-A.); [email protected] (G.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 September 2020; Accepted: 10 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Conventional asphalt mixtures used for road paving require high manufacturing temperatures and therefore high energy expenditure, which has a negative environmental impact and creates risk in the workplace owing to high emissions of pollutants, greenhouse gases, and toxic fumes. Reducing energy consumption and emissions is a continuous challenge for the asphalt industry. Previous studies have focused on the reduction of emissions without characterizing their composition, and detailed characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in asphalt fumes is scarce. This communication describes the characterization and evaluation of VOCs and SVOCs from asphalt mixtures prepared at lower production temperatures using natural zeolite; in some cases, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used. -
A Ovel, Locally Engineered Crude Asphalt Crusher
Seventh LACCEI Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI’2009) “Energy and Technology for the Americas: Education, Innovation, Technology and Practice” June 2-5, 2009, San Cristobal. A ovel, Locally Engineered Crude Asphalt Crusher Kenneth Roberts Lake Asphalt of Trinidad and Tobago, [email protected] Kenny Cupid Lake Asphalt of Trinidad and Tobago, [email protected] Kamel Singh The University of Trinidad and Tobago, [email protected] Musti KS Sastry The University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, [email protected] ABSTRACT The ‘Pitch Lake’ located in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies is perhaps the largest natural and commercial asphalt deposit in the world. The asphalt is mined continuously and processed to produce different commercial products, which are used for different purposes all over the world. The extracted crude asphalt usually will be in large crumbs and difficult to process. This paper presents a safe, low cost, locally engineered crude asphalt crusher to improve the overall processing operations. Keywords: Crude Asphalt, Machine Design, Sustainable Technology, Innovative Solution 1. ITRODUCTIO Trinidad Lake Asphalt is a natural product from the famous Asphalt or “Pitch” Lake located in La Brea, southwest Trinidad Island (southern Carribean), 90 km from the capital Port-of-Spain. This natural resource is actively mined for many years; however the first commercial operations commenced in 1888. It is from this location that refined asphalt, known as Trinidad Lake Asphalt . The lake measures approximately 40 hectares, with an estimated depth up to 76meters at the centre. This wonder holds an estimated ten million tons of pitch; a total of 150 tons of pitch is extracted from the lake per day. -
BP Executive: True Test of Downturn Will Come During Recovery
2016.otcnet.org Tuesday, May 3 | Houston, Texas | THE OFFICIAL 2016 OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE NEWSPAPER | DAY 2 BP Executive: True Test Fiery Ice of Downturn Will Come Takes Center During Recovery Stage n Leading experts to discuss advances n Energy demand is expected to increase by one-third by 2035, but oil and gas in E&P testing of gas hydrates during companies need to start looking at hydrocarbons as products to streamline. Wednesday luncheon. BY DARREN BARBEE “It’s how we will improve through BY JENNIFER PRESLEY the productivity of our oil sector and magine the oil and gas world as an assembly line, put costs on a downward curve.” t is the ice that burns, and it is more than an industrial Ichurning out cubes of oil and natural gas. Assem- For instance, BP’s Mad Dog Ihazard plugging pipelines. It goes by many names—fire bly lines are efficient. Changes mean swapping out Phase 2 project in the Gulf of Mex- in the ice or fiery ice being two of the more popular descrip- one part—not the entire system. Industrial and avia- ico went through about $10 billion tors. Gas hydrate is the curious clathrate formed by natural tion companies typically cut costs annually. But on the in cost trims, Looney said. gas and water. Found in the Arctic and in the deepwater hydrocarbon conveyor belt, cost efficiency doesn’t seem “This was a $20 billion project, continental margins around the globe, the energy poten- to follow any logical pattern. Bernard Looney and we’ve brought it down to under tial of this other unconventional hydrocarbon is keeping “In oil and gas, specifically the upstream, costs as we $10 billion with expected returns researchers busy unlocking its secrets to better understand know tend to follow oil price and in general have trended improved despite a lower oil price,” he said. -
Paving the Way
HISTORICAL NOTE Paving the Way On the road of progress, where did the road surfaces were slabs of stone laid upon passing vehicle to the underlying soil with asp_halt come from? a strong foundation of rubble or broken out damaging the road surface. Paving ma Throughout history, the creation and stone. Other Roman roads used a concrete terial must resist the degradation caused maintenance of roads has been a barome made from lime and pozzolana (volcanic by traffic and must also provide a smooth ter for the rise and fall of civilizations. ash). surface for a comfortable ride. Ideally, pav While other new science and technology For centuries after the downfall of the Ro ing material should resist damage caused developed over the centuries, surprisingly man Empire (about the fifth century A.D.) by changes in temperature, moisture, and little progress was made in the construc long-term environmental chemical action. tion of roads or the materials and tech In the 1770s two self-taught engineers niques used to surface them. changed roadbuilding methods and mate The word "highway" is derived from the rials used throughout Europe-John Roman roads built on a mound of dirt piled The United States and Loudon McAdam and Pierre Tresauguet. up from ditches on either side, raising the Europe have nearly Tresauguet became inspector general of route above the surrounding ground and bridges and roads for France in 1775. He making it a "high way:' The term "road" 5,000,000 total miles of proposed a new theory for a light road sur comes from the Anglo-Saxon rad ("to paved roads-most of face, suggesting that the subsoil should ride"), for the path on which travelers support the load of traffic, not the surface rode. -
Characteristics of Oil Sands Products
CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SANDS PRODUCTS Heather D. Dettman Center for Spills in the Environment Oil Sands Products Training Portland, Maine December 4 & 5, 2012 2 Simplified —Oil Sands to Motor“ Value Chain Tailings Pipeline Transport Desalter Extraction Mining Pipeline Terminal Distillation W ater/Solids Primary Upgrading Removal Coking or Residue Performed at Upgraders DiluentAddition Hydrocracking Performed at Refineries In Situ Production Secondary Upgrading May be needed in future Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Refining Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Gasoline Diesel 3 Pipeline Definitions Transm ission Tailings Pipeline Transport Desalter Extraction Mining Pipeline Terminal Distillation Feeder W ater/Solids Primary Upgrading Removal Coking or Residue Performed at Upgraders DiluentAddition Hydrocracking Gathering Performed at Refineries In Situ Production Secondary Upgrading May be needed in future Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) http://www.cepa.com /about-pipelines/types-of-pipelines Refining Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Gasoline Diesel 4 0hat Is Bitumen? ° Bitumen is the —extra heavy“ crude oil that remains after the biodegradation of oil in Northern Alberta ° Initial boiling point is 204°C/399.2°F ° Approximately 50wt% of the oil boils at temperatures below 524°C/975.2°F ° Biodegradation has resulted in organic acids being left behind in the oil ° Total acid number (TAN) is 3mg KOH/g which corresponds to an organic acid content of 3wt% in the oil ° Organic acid species in bitumen are relatively large molecules with 70wt% boiling -
MINES and MINERALS Exploration and Development Continued Not
538 MINES AND MINERALS Exploration and development continued not only unabated but accelerated. During 1948 rotary bits drilled 1,663,687 ft. into the earth compared with 882,358 ft. in 1947 and 401,920 ft. in 1946. At the end of the year, 65 exploration parties were carrying out operations, most of them north of the North Saskatchewan River. The 1948 revenue to Alberta crude oil producers amounted to $35,127,751 as compared with $18,078,907 in 1947. Early in 1949, the capacity of the Alberta refinery, estimated at 35,250 bbl. daily, was found to be insufficient to handle the average daily production of crude oil, not including natural gasoline, which was 50,673 bbl. at May 1, 1949. To remedy the situation a pipeline with a capacity of 40,000 bbl. daily is being constructed from Edmonton to the Head of the Lakes. The following table gives production by fields in 1948. 24.—Production of Alberta Oil Fields, 1948 NOTE.—Figures for total production of petroleum for 1922-46 are given at p. 473 of the 1947 Year Book' and production in the different fields for 1947 at p. 477 of the 1948-49 edition. Field Quantity Field Quantity bbl. bbl. 4,900,739 112,331 4,657,371 36,8751 648,055 17,131 Taber 201,527 30,215 189,712 179,627 Totals 10,973,583 1 Three months. The Tar Sands and Bituminous Developments*—Alberta, in its bituminous sands deposit at McMurray, has the greatest known oil reserve on the face of the earth. -
Petroleum History Society Oil Sands Oral History
Ch F-X ang PD e -1- w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac PETROLEUM HISTORY SOCIETY OIL SANDS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT TRANSCRIPT MARY CLARK SHEPPARD, DAUGHTER OF KARL ADOLPH CLARK, THE SCIENTIST WHO DEVELOPED THE HOT-WATER RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY FOR EXTRACTION OF THE OIL FROM THE ALBERTA OIL SANDS. AUTHOR OF OIL SANDS SCIENTIST: THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK: 1920-1949 AND ATHABASCA OIL SANDS: FROM LABORATORY TO PRODUCTION – THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK, 1950-66. Date and place of birth: Edmonton, Alberta – January 29, 1927 Date and place of interview: 10:45 a.m., May 23, 2011.in Mrs. Sheppard’s home at 905, 10135 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton, AB Tel. 780-439-1690 110 Causeway Head Road Sheffield S17 3DW England Name of Interviewer: Adriana A. Davies, CM, PHD Name of Videographer: David Bates Consent form signed: Yes Initials of Interviewer: AAD Last name of subject: SHEPPARD AD: Mary is the third child of four born to Karl and Dora Clark. She attended the University of Alberta from 1946 to 1949 in a general Arts program. She then went to Toronto to attend the Royal Conservatory of Music, but her studies were cut short by her mother’s illness. Eventually, she ended up working for about ten years in the 1950s in the conventional oil industry. Sponsors of The Oil Sands Oral History Project include the Alberta Historical Resources Foundation, Athabasca Oil Sands Corp., Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Canadian Oil Sands Limited, Connacher Oil and Gas Limited, Imperial Oil Limited, MEG Energy Corp., Nexen Inc., Suncor Energy and Syncrude Canada. -
COGENERATION PLANT and HYDROGEN PIPELINE Addendum to Decision 2000-30 FORT SASKATCHEWAN AREA Applications No.990464 and 1051618
ALBERTA ENERGY AND UTILITIES BOARD Calgary Alberta SHELL CANADA LIMITED COGENERATION PLANT AND HYDROGEN PIPELINE Addendum to Decision 2000-30 FORT SASKATCHEWAN AREA Applications No.990464 and 1051618 DECISION 2000-30 The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (Board/EUB) issued Decision 2000-30 (attached) on May 30, 2000, approving the applications. This addendum provides the reasons for the Board’s decisions. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Application 990464 Shell Canada Limited (Shell) applied to the Board, pursuant to Section 9 of the Hydro and Electric Energy Act, for approval to construct and operate a 150 megawatt (MW) natural-gas- fired cogeneration plant on its approved Scotford Upgrader site. This site is adjacent to the Scotford Refinery in Strathcona County, about 14 km north of Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. The cogeneration plant would include • a natural-gas-fired combustion gas turbine, which would generate 80 MW of electric power, • a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and • a steam turbine, which would generate about 70 MW of electric power. The applicant described the cogeneration process as follows: • Natural gas would be fired in the combustion turbine to generate about 80 MW of electricity. • Heat would be recovered from the hot combustion turbine exhaust gases in the HRSG, which would produce steam. • The steam would be delivered to the upgrader to help meet its steam requirements. • High-pressure HRSG steam and the excess high-pressure steam from the upgrader process units would be delivered to the steam turbine to produce an additional 70 MW of electricity. 1.2 Application 1051618 Shell also applied, pursuant to Part 4 of the Pipeline Act, for approval to construct and operate approximately 8.7 km of 762 mm outside diameter pipeline to transport hydrogen gas from the existing Dow Chemical Canada Inc. -
NACE Tour and Dinner Meeting Shell Scotford Upgrader Shell Scotford Upgrader
NACE Tour and Dinner Meeting Tuesday, May 20, 2008 Shell Scotford Upgrader Dow Center, Fort Saskatchewan, AB TTTOOOPPPIIIICCC Shell Scotford Upgrader Plant Tour SSSPPPEEEAAAKKKEEERRR Harm de Groot P.Eng. Engineering Services Coordinator Shell Canada Scotford Upgrader It has been a while since NACE Edmonton has organized a plant tour so we are happy to announce that Shell has offered to organize a plant tour of their Upgrader plant for NACE Edmonton, ASM and AWS members. For now the tour is limited to 40 people so please make sure that if you are interested sign up in time. After the tour there will be a dinner and a presentation on materials and corrosion issues in Upgraders by Harm de Groot. The Scotford Upgrader is located next to Shell Canada's Scotford Refinery near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. The Scotford Upgrader uses hydrogen-addition technology to upgrade the high viscosity "extra heavy" crude oil (called bitumen) from the Muskeg River Mine into a wide range of synthetic crude oils. A significant portion of the output of the Scotford Upgrader is sold to the Scotford Refinery. Both light and heavy crudes are also sold to Shell's Sarnia Refinery in Ontario. The balance of the synthetic crude is sold to the general marketplace. The Scotford Upgrader - which is part of the joint venture project between Shell Canada, Chevron Canada (a wholly owned subsidiary of Chevron Corporation) and Western Oil Sands – is operated by Shell Canada. UUUpppgggrrraaadddiiiiiinnnggg Upgrading is the process of breaking large hydrocarbon molecules (such as bitumen) into smaller ones by increasing the hydrogen to carbon ratio. -
A Comprehensive Guide to the Alberta Oil Sands
A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE ALBERTA OIL SANDS UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACTS , EXPORT IMPLICATIONS , AND POLITICAL , ECONOMIC , AND INDUSTRY INFLUENCES Michelle Mech May 2011 (LAST REVISED MARCH 2012) A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE ALBERTA OIL SANDS UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACTS , EXPORT IMPLICATIONS , AND POLITICAL , ECONOMIC , AND INDUSTRY INFLUENCES ABOUT THIS REPORT Just as an oil slick can spread far from its source, the implications of Oil Sands production have far reaching effects. Many people only read or hear about isolated aspects of these implications. Media stories often provide only a ‘window’ of information on one specific event and detailed reports commonly center around one particular facet. This paper brings together major points from a vast selection of reports, studies and research papers, books, documentaries, articles, and fact sheets relating to the Alberta Oil Sands. It is not inclusive. The objective of this document is to present sufficient information on the primary factors and repercussions involved with Oil Sands production and export so as to provide the reader with an overall picture of the scope and implications of Oil Sands current production and potential future development, without perusing vast volumes of publications. The content presents both basic facts, and those that would supplement a general knowledge base of the Oil Sands and this document can be utilized wholly or in part, to gain or complement a perspective of one or more particular aspect(s) associated with the Oil Sands. The substantial range of Oil Sands- related topics is covered in brevity in the summary. This paper discusses environmental, resource, and health concerns, reclamation, viable alternatives, crude oil pipelines, and carbon capture and storage. -
Oil Sands Scientist: the Letters of Karl A
Document generated on 09/29/2021 5:18 a.m. Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A. Clark 1920-1949, (ed) Mary Clark Sheppard, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1989. Pp xvi + 498, illus., index, cloth $30.00 James P. Hull Volume 13, Number 2 (37), automne–hiver 1989 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800290ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/800290ar See table of contents Publisher(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (print) 1918-7750 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Hull, J. P. (1989). Review of [Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A. Clark 1920-1949, (ed) Mary Clark Sheppard, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1989. Pp xvi + 498, illus., index, cloth $30.00]. Scientia Canadensis, 13(2), 123–124. https://doi.org/10.7202/800290ar Copyright © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association / This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 1990 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A. -
A Selected Western Canada Historical Resources Bibliography to 1985 •• Pannekoek
A Selected Western Canada Historical Resources Bibliography to 1985 •• Pannekoek Introduction The bibliography was compiled from careful library and institutional searches. Accumulated titles were sent to various federal, provincial and municipal jurisdictions, academic institutions and foundations with a request for correction and additions. These included: Parks Canada in Ottawa, Winnipeg (Prairie Region) and Calgary (Western Region); Manitoba (Depart- ment of Culture, Heritage and Recreation); Saskatchewan (Department of Culture and Recreation); Alberta (Historic Sites Service); and British Columbia (Ministry of Provincial Secretary and Government Services . The municipalities approached were those known to have an interest in heritage: Winnipeg, Brandon, Saskatoon, Regina, Moose Jaw, Edmonton, Calgary, Medicine Hat, Red Deer, Victoria, Vancouver and Nelson. Agencies contacted were Heritage Canada Foundation in Ottawa, Heritage Mainstreet Projects in Nelson and Moose Jaw, and the Old Strathcona Foundation in Edmonton. Various academics at the universities of Calgary and Alberta were also contacted. Historical Report Assessment Research Reports make up the bulk of both published and unpublished materials. Parks Canada has produced the greatest quantity although not always the best quality reports. Most are readily available at libraries and some are available for purchase. The Manuscript Report Series, "a reference collection of .unedited, unpublished research reports produced in printed form in limited numbers" (Parks Canada, 1983 Bibliography, A-l), are not for sale but are deposited in provincial archives. In 1982 the Manuscript Report Series was discontinued and since then unedited, unpublished research reports are produced in the Microfiche Report Series/Rapports sur microfiches. This will now guarantee the unavailability of the material except to the mechanically inclined, those with excellent eyesight, and the extremely diligent.