Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 47229-001 December 2014 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (Roads & Bridges), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehardun This report has been submitted to ADB by the Program Implementation Unit, Uttarkhand Emergency Assistance Project (R&B), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehradun and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Initial Environmental Examination November 2014 India: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Restoration Work of roads in Uttarkashi District (1) Silkyara Bangaon Chapda Saroth Motor Road (UEAP/PWD/C-52) (2) Badethi Banchora Badrigad Motor (UEAP/PWD/C-53) (3) Naogaon Paunti Rajgadi Road (UEAP/PWD/C-54) (4) Damta Kandari Motor Road (UEAP/PWD/C-54) Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand, for the Asian Development Bank. i ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BOQ - Bill of Quantity CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy DOT - Department of Tourism CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - Environment Assessment and Review Framework EC - Environmental Clearance EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EMP - Environment Management Plan GoI - Government of India GMVN Gharwal Mandal Vikas Nigam GRM - Grievance Redressal Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IST - Indian Standard Time KMVN Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam LPG - Liquid Petroleum Gas MDR - Major District Road MoEFCC - Ministry of Environment, Forests &Climate Change NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards NDBR - Nanda Devi Biospher Reserve NDNP - Nanda Devi National Park NH - National Highway ODR - Other District Road OM - Operations Manual PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PWD - Public Works Department REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SDMA - State Disaster Management Authority SH - State Highway SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement SRTC - State Road Transport Corporation UCADA - Uttarakhand Civil Aviation Development Authority UEAP - Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project UEPPCB - Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board UJS - Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan VR - Village Road ii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm - centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Km – Kilometer Kph - Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter MSL - Mean sea level - 10-6 meter g/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter S/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit Ppm – parts per million iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters Contents Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 I INTRODUCTION 4 A. Project background/rationale 4 B. Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) 4 C. Purpose of the environmental assessment 5 D. Extent of IEE 5 E. IEE contents 5 F. Methodology 6 G. Public consultation 6 II POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 7 III DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 11 A. Project location 11 B. Proposed category of the project 12 C. Key rehabilitation and reconstruction activities 12 D. Project implementation schedule 12 IV DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 14 A. Physical environment 14 1. Geography 14 2. Geology 14 3. Physiography 16 B. Pedology 16 C. Climate and meteorology 17 D. Air and noise quality 18 E. Hydrology 19 1. Water drainage 19 2. Water quality 19 F. Mineral resources 20 G. Seismology 21 H. Ecology 22 1. Forestry 22 2. Biodiversity 24 3. Biosphere reserves 27 4. Fishery 28 I. Socio-economic 28 1. Social and cultural development 28 2. Land use pattern 29 J. Health 30 K. Literacy 31 L. Cultural and archaeological resources 31 M. Economic development 32 1. Transportation and communication 32 2. Industrial development 33 3. Agriculture, forestry and fishery 33 N. Fisheries 36 O. Energy and electric power potential 36 P. Aesthetic and tourism 36 V ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 38 MEASURES 5.1 Negative impacts related project location, preliminary planning and Design 38 A. Impact and mitigation measure during planning and design phase 38 B. Impacts during construction phase 38 a. Impacts on the physical environment and mitigation measures 39 iv i. alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by 39 roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site. ii. Impacts on water quality 39 iii. Disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills and 39 quarries. iv. Loss of productive soil 40 v. Compaction and contamination of soil 40 b. Impacts on environmental quality 40 i. Increase in local air pollution due to rock crushing, and filling works 40 and chemicals from asphalt processing. ii. Noise and vibration from civil works 41 C. Impacts on the socio-economic 42 i. Encroachment on historical and cultural areas 42 ii. Impacts on occupational health and safety 42 iii. Impacts on community health and safety 42 VI INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 44 A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE 44 B. Future consultation and disclosure 47 C. Consultation during detailed design 47 D. Consultation during construction 48 E. Public disclosure 48 F. Project disclosure 48 VII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN AND 49 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM A. Environment management plan 49 B. Institutional arrangement 49 I. UEAP, SDMA (PMU) 50 II. UEAP, IA, FPIU 50 III. The Engineer (DSC) 51 IV. Environmental expert of engineer (DSC) 51 V. The Contractor 51 C. Environmental monitoring programme 79 D. Performance indicators 79 E. Environmental budget 82 IX CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 87 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE II-1 : Applicable environmental national and state requirements for 7 UEAP TABLE III-1 : Distribution of road sections to be upgraded under UEAP, by 12 hierarchy and length TABLE IV-1 Geological formation of Central Crystallines along with lithology 14 TABLE IV-2 : The soil types of district Uttarakashi 17 TABLE IV-3 Availability of important minerals (million tonnes) 20 TABLE IV-4 : District-wise forest cover, Uttarakhand 23 TABLE IV-5 : Predominant top-canopy (tree) species according to altitude 24 TABLE IV-6 : Wildlife in Uttarakhand 24 TABLE IV-7 : National parks in Uttarakhand 25 TABLE IV-8 : Wildlife sanctuaries in Uttarakhand 25 TABLE IV-9 : List of major flora 26 TABLE IV-10 : List of major fauna 27 TABLE IV-11 : Land utilisation in Uttarakhand 30 TABLE IV-12 : Health indicators of Uttarakhand 30 TABLE IV-13 : Health infrastructure of Uttarakhand 31 TABLE IV-14 : Transportation of Uttarakhand state. 32 TABLE IV-15 : Industrial Development of Uttarakhand State 33 TABLE IV-16 : Area under principal crops and productivity in Uttarakhand 34 TABLE IV-17 : Ecological sub-regions and altitude-wise major agriculture crops 35 TABLE IV-18 : Mode of irrigation and drainage system in Uttarakhand 35 TABLE VII-1 : Environmental management and monitoring plan 53 TABLE VII-2 : The Performance Indicators and monitoring plans 79 TABLE VII-3 : Environmental monitoring for air, water, noise and soil 81 TABLE VII-4 : Environmental Budget for Badethi-Banchora-Badrigarh Motor 82 Road TABLE VII-5 : Environmental Budget for Silkyara-Bangaon-Chapda Saroth Motor 83 Road TABLE VII-6 : Environmental Budget for Naogaon-Paunti-Rajgadi Motor Road 84 TABLE VII-8 : Environmental Budget for Damta Kandari Motor Road 85 vi LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) 88 APPENDIX B Public consultation record 112 APPENDIX C Site photographs 130 APPENDIX 1 Disposal site management 132 APPENDIX 2 Environmental standards 134 APPENDIX 3 Oil inceptors 139 APPENDIX 4 Typical bituminous disposal pit 140 APPENDIX 5 Work safety in common operation and in construction 141 APPENDIX 6 Tree plantation strategy 149 APPENDIX 7 Enhancement measures 152 APPENDIX 8 Guidelines for management of road section through forest area 154 APPENDIX 9 Arrangement of traffic during construction 156 APPENDIX 10 General guidelines for contractor construction water 161 management plan APPENDIX 11 Environmental friendly construction methodology 162 APPENDIX 12 Borrow area management 165 APPENDIX 13 Soil erosion and sedimentation control 168 APPENDIX 14 Locating quarries, rehabilitating quarries and guidelines of stone 169 crushers APPENDIX 15 Storage, handling, use and emergency responses for hazardous 171 chemical APPENDIX 16 Site and management of construction camp 173 This initial environmental examination is a document of the State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors , Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. vii Executive Summary The State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) has Undertaken Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance