Concise Fact Kit 1 TIME LINE OF JERUSALEM

- 2 - ISRAEL 1920-1949 - RIGHTS AND REALITIES

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San Remo Resolution, April 24 1920 Mandate for Palestine, July 24 1922 The Supreme Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, Italy, The League of Nations unanimously approved the Mandate for Japan and the USA recognized the Balfour Declaration and Palestine, appointing Great Britain as a trustee to accompany incorporated it into a legally binding resolution, conferring the growing Jewish population to Statehood. However, in 1922, sovereignty for the Jewish people over Palestine. The above Britain cut off 77% of the land promised to the Jews (on the east map shows the boundaries of the land in which the Jewish bank of the Jordan) and handed it over to Abdullah, compensating National Home was to be reconstituted. him for his efforts for Britain during the first World War.

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1947 Partition Plan - UN Resolution 181 After the War of Independence In 1947 the area that Israel was willing to accept for a state Israel landed up with more territory than expected – after the Holocaust was 10% of what was promised to the but Judea, Samaria (West Bank) and Eastern Jerusalem Jewish people at San Remo in 1920. The Arabs rejected UN fell into Jordanian hands – until 1967. In 1950 Jordan Resolution 181 and 5 Arab armies invaded the nascent state illegally annexed these territories with only 2 countries when it was declared on 14th May 1948 (5th Iyar 5708). recognizing this act; Britain and Pakistan. - 3 - Demographic Table of Legal Rights Jerusalem 1844-2012 Under International Law Percentage of Arabs to Total Year Jews Muslims Christians Total Population Professor, Judge Stephen M. Schwebel, former President of the International Court of Justice in the Hague, 1844 7,120 5,000 3,390 15,510 54% explains: "State [Israel] acting in lawful exercise of its right of self-defense 1876 12,000 7,560 5,470 25,030 52% may seize and occupy foreign territory as long as such seizure and RAMALLAH 1896 28,112 8,560 8,748 45,420 38% occupation are necessary to its self-defense. ... Where the prior holder [Jordan] of territory had seized that territory unlawfully, the 1922 33,971 13,411 4,699 52,081 35% state which subsequently takes that territory in the lawful exercise Kochav Ya'akov of self-defense, [Israel] has, against that prior holder, better title. Kfar 1931 51,222 19,894 19,335 90,451 43% Akab To Modiin As between Israel, acting defensively in 1948 and 1967, on the ← Road 443 1948 100,000 40,000 25,000 165,000 39% one hand, and her Arab neighbors, acting aggressively, in 1948 Atarot Checkpoint and 1967, on the other, Israel has the better title in the territory Airport 1967 195,700 54,963 12,646 263,309 26% Giv'at of what was Palestine, including the whole of Jerusalem, than Ze'ev Judeira A-Ram 1987 340,000 121,000 14,000 475,000 28% do Jordan and Egypt." Beit 'Anan New El Jib Atarot Dahiyat el Barid Givon Givon Adam 1990 378,200 131,800 14,400 524,400 28% Eugene Rostow - Former Undersecretary of State USA, Bir Nabala Dean of Yale Law School: 2000 448,000 193,900 14,800 656,700 32% Highway 60 Neve "The Jewish right of settlement in the West Bank is conferred Kubeiba Beit Ya'akov Tomb of Shmuel Hanina 2009 476,000 247,800 15,200 739,000 36% by the same provisions of the Mandate under which Jews settled the Prophet Hizma Bidu Har in Haifa, Tel Aviv, and Jerusalem before the State of Israel was Katna Shmuel Anatot 2012 515,100 288,000 12,000 815,100 37% created. Har Pisgat 2014 520,700 303,400 25,600 849,800 39% In Palestine the British Mandate ceased to be operative as to the Adar Beit Beit Tel-el Ful Ze'ev Surik Iksa Hussein's territories of Israel and Jordan when those states were created Palace Ramot Shuafat Shuafat and recognized by the international community. But its rules Refugee Ramat Anata apply still to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which have not Shlomo Camp 2030 If Current Demographic Trends Continue 50% yet been allocated either to Israel or to Jordan or become an Mevaseret Highway 1 French Hill independent state." To Zion Ramat Eshkol Isawiya ← Tel Aviv Hebrew E-1 Ammunition University Mt. Scopus Strings bridge Hill Arzei Habira Az-Zayim Sheikh Jarah Me'a Augusta She'arim Shimon HaTsadik A-Tur Victoria Har Hamenuchot Old Wadi Joze 6 Cemetery City City Center Eizariya Jerusalem Ma'ale Hadassa Begin Boulevard Mt. of Adumim Ein Kerem Olives Church of before 1967 Hospital Silwan Ascention Abu-Tor Abu Area under Jabel Dis Jordanian control West Mukaber Kedar Jerusalem under Israeli Haas Promenade control including the Jerusalem East enclave of Mount Scopus U.S. Talpiyot Embassy Beit Safafa Observation point Givat Following the 1949 armistice agreements, Jordan Hamatos Sur Separation fence Bahir East occupied Judea and Samaria and eastern Jerusalem Gilo Planned fence for 19 years. Jewish Jerusalem was cut off from the Umm Tuba Walajeh Jerusalem Municipal border 1949-1967 Old City and Holy sites including the Temple Mount, Har Gilo Har Municipal border since 1967 Homa Western Wall and Mount of Olives. Meanwhile, the Roads Jordanians destroyed 59 religious structures in the Jewish population in Eastern Jerusalem Old City and over 30,000 tombstones in Judaism's Beit Jala Rachel's Tomb Jewish population in Western Jerusalem oldest cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Christian Beitar Ilit BETHLEHEM Planned neighborhood access to their holy sites was severely restricted. Arab Population Mount Scopus remained an Israeli enclave, housing Gush Etzion East Jerusalem a police station. Jewish Arab Neighborhood - 4 - New borders of Jerusalem drawn and Israeli law applied Legal Rights 7 Jerusalem Geopolitical Map after the 6 Day War. After 1967 and Current Eastern Jerusalem - area between the black and green lines Under International Law Over 60% of Jerusalem's residents live in eastern Jerusalem. Close to half of all of Jerusalem's Jews live in the areas liberated in the 6 Day war Approx. equal ratio of Jews to Arabs living in eastern Jerusalem.

RAMALLAH

Kochav Ya'akov Kfar Akab To Modiin ← Road 443 Atarot Airport Checkpoint Giv'at Ze'ev Judeira A-Ram Beit 'Anan New El Jib Givon Givon Atarot Dahiyat el Barid Bir Nabala Adam

Highway 60 Neve Kubeiba Beit Ya'akov Tomb of Shmuel Hanina the Prophet Hizma Bidu Har Katna Shmuel Anatot

Har Pisgat Adar Beit Beit Tel-el Ful Ze'ev Surik Iksa Hussein's Palace Ramot Shuafat Shuafat Ramat Refugee Shlomo Camp Anata

Mevaseret Highway 1 French Hill To Zion Ramat Eshkol Isawiya ← Tel Aviv Hebrew E-1 Ammunition University Mt. Scopus Strings bridge Hill Arzei Habira Az-Zayim Sheikh Jarah Me'a Augusta She'arim Shimon HaTsadik A-Tur Victoria Har Hamenuchot Old Wadi Joze Cemetery City City Center Eizariya Ma'ale Hadassa Begin Boulevard Mt. of Adumim Ein Kerem Olives Church of Hospital Silwan Ascention Abu-Tor Abu Jabel Dis West Mukaber Kedar Jerusalem Haas Promenade East U.S. Talpiyot Embassy Beit Safafa Observation point Givat Hamatos Sur Separation fence Bahir East Gilo Planned fence Umm Tuba Walajeh Jerusalem Municipal border 1949-1967 Har Gilo Har Municipal border since 1967 Homa Roads Jewish population in Eastern Jerusalem Beit Jala Rachel's Tomb Jewish population in Western Jerusalem Beitar Ilit BETHLEHEM Planned neighborhood Arab Population Gush Etzion East Jerusalem Jewish Arab Neighborhood - 5 - 1972 Jewish population in Liberated Jerusalem (1967) - 0 Arab population in Liberated Jerusalem (1967) - 55,000 NORTHERN JERUSALEM Jewish population in Liberated Jerusalem (2012) - 250,000 Arab population in Liberated Jerusalem (2012) - 250,000 NORTHERN JERUSALEM

Gaza Strip inside Jerusalem? 2012

- 6 - Future Jerusalem? Map and Possible Implications of a Divided Jerusalem 8 Palestinian State Arab neighborhoods to the Arabs Jewish neighborhoods to the Jews

Map showing possible division of Jerusalem based on "Jewish neighborhoods to Israel, Arab neighborhoods to Palestine

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Gaza Strip inside Jerusalem? Creating Arab continuity from Ramallah to Bethlehem

Handing over the Arab neighborhoods in eastern Jerusalem to Palestinian sovereignty would create a territorial continuum from Ramallah in the north through the middle of Jerusalem and the Old City to Bethlehem in the south. The area vacated is likely to draw a myriad of terrorist organizations competing for domination of the areas 'liberated'. In effect, a new "Gaza Strip" would be created in the heart of Jerusalem.

- 7 - Ten Guidelines in Considering the Future Status of Jerusalem

1. History: Jerusalem has served as capital of Jewish states as early as 2,880 years ago – and was never the capital of any other nation. 2. Sanctity: Jerusalem, site of the two Holy Temples, has been Judaism's most holy spot ever since the Binding of Isaac on Mt. Moriah. It is mentioned 641 times in the Bible – and not once in the Quran. 3. Legal Rights: Jewish legal rights to Jerusalem were unanimously and internationally recognized in 1922 by the League of Nations, based on the San Remo Conference of two years earlier. No similar rights were accorded to Arabs. 4. Demography: Jews have been the majority population in Jerusalem since at least the 1870's, have constituted the largest single group of inhabitants there since the 1840's and, have lived in the city continuously for nearly two millennia. The majority of Jerusalem’s Arabs came after the Six Day War in 1967. 5. Strategic Importance: Dividing Jerusalem will leave almost all of the high ground – an area of paramount strategic and security importance – under the control of the Arabs. 6. Security: Dividing Jerusalem would cause security chaos, as the various Arab terror groups would compete for supremacy over the areas “liberated”. Jewish Jerusalem, seen as the crown in the jewel of the Jewish state, would become the focus of a myriad of Arab terrorist groups, located only across the road. 7. Democracy: Most Arabs in Jerusalem do not want to be under Palestinian or Hamas control compelling them to give up their financial and other Israeli benefits. Surveys by international groups continually reflect this opinion. 8. Religious Freedom and Holy Sites: History has shown that only Israel can guarantee that Jerusalem remains an open city, embracing all religions with holy sites freely accessible to all. 9. International Tensions: Tensions resulting from a change in Jerusalem’s political status would cause similar tensions around the world between Jews, Muslims, and Christians. 10. Ramifications on the Rest of Israel: Arab control of even any parts of Jerusalem, and especially claiming it as its capital, would be not only be a blow 25/06/2019 to Israeli sovereignty, identity, and morale, but would also embolden existing Arab aspirations , continuing the conflict.

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