DOCSLIB.ORG

Paika Rebellion of 1817 : Was It the First War of Independence ?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paika Rebellion of 1817 : Was It the First War of Independence ? Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 orty years before the Ewer in his report has mentioned Foccurrence of the great that the rising was promoted by revolt of 1857, the Paik rebellion the “misery beyond endurance took place in Odisha in 1817. It under which the people of was an outbreak in which mostly Khurda were sinking.” So the the Paikas and the Ryots of rebellion had definite connection Khurda participated. Though it with the people’s grievances. originated in Khurda, spread to Though the personal suffering of different parts of Odisha. Bakshi Jagabandhu was immense and he Jagabandhu who inspired the spearheaded the movement, the movement became its leader. people’s grievances can never be The rebellion which avoided. originated from Khurda and Ewer has also remarked that the Banpur later spread to Pipli, rebellion was not pre-planned Paika Rebellion of 1817 : Was it the First War of Independence ? Dr. Saroj Kumar Panda Gop,Tiran, Harishpur, Marichpur, Kujanga, and it was sudden upsurge of the spirit of revenge 1 Kanika, Paradip, Nuagarh and Pattamundai. In smouldering in Jagabandhu. But facts don’t March 1817, about 400 Kandha tribals of substantiate this view. Jagabandhu had conceived Ghumsar came marching towards Khurda. They of plans long before to restore Mukunda Dev II were joined by the Paikas and attacked the police to the gadi of Khurda. Further he had induced station at Banpur and burnt all Government the Garhjat Rajas to join him. The Rajas of quarters. There they killed 100 men and looted Ghumsur, Kujang and Nayagarh were in direct 2 15,000 rupees from the Government treasury. league with him. When the Kandhas were marching towards A contemporary British officer named Khurda ,people from adjoining villages joined with W.Ker characterised the rebellion of 1817 as a them in large number.This event proves that the freedom movement in the following words, tribal as well as common people participated in “Jagabandhu has given a lead in organising a the movement. Their aim was to throw out British movement, no matter in how haphazard manner rule from Odisha . for ousting the newly established English from AUGUST - 2017 55 ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review Odisha; he expected that other people who (oh, skeleton; arise) invocation. Eight years after (were) also hit hard by the mal-administration this rebellion Madhusudan Bipra, an eye-witness under the English and the Odisha chiefs, who had wrote a kavya, entitled Firingi Kali Bharata been deprived of all their freedom would follow which gives an account of conflicts of the Khurda up the lead to make a common cause with him people with the British, particularly the rebellion for the purpose of liberating their motherland from of Tapanga.5 foreign yoke.”(3) Trower, the then collector of References : Cuttack stated that, “the rebellion was a crusade, the objective of which was to expel the English 1. Guide to Orissan Records ,vol-2, p-33, W.Trower to J.P. ward, 23 May,1817. from all interference with the land of Purusottam Khetra.”4 2. Odisha Review, August 1989, p-14. Whether freedom movement or 3. B.C.Ray, Bakshi Jagabandhu: The path finder of freedom movement of India, Bhubaneswar, 2001, resistance movement, the rebellion of 1817 p-163. became a source of inspiration for the nationalist 4. Guide to Orissians Records, vol-2, p-33, W.Trower leaders, intellectuals and poets to create to J.P. ward, 23 May,1817. awareness against foreign dominance and its repercussion on common people. The leftist 5. Odisha Review, August 2007, p-2,3. politician Prananath Pattnaik infused new life into the Paikas by giving a clarion call in the spirit of Dr. Saroj Kumar Panda, Principal, Gadibrahma College, late Godavarisha Mohapatra’s Utha Kankala Delang, Puri, Email-saroj_kumarpanda @yahoo.com. "Moments" : 22nd Asian Athletics Championships-2017 56 AUGUST - 2017.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paika Rebellion : Heterogeneities and Linkages
    International Journal of Asian Studies (2020), 17,1–18 doi:10.1017/S1479591420000157 ARTICLE “ ” . Genealogies of the Paika Rebellion : Heterogeneities and Linkages Akio Tanabe* The University of Tokyo *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract The “Paika Rebellion” of 1817 in Orissa, India has been depicted by colonial officers as a local disturbance https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms caused by the dissatisfaction of one powerful individual deprived of traditional privileges who instigated the pāikas. The nationalist reconstruction has depicted the event as a popular freedom movement involv- ing various castes and classes of Orissan society. This has culminated in a current move to declare the “Paika Rebellion” the First Indian War of Independence. I would like to suggest a third perspective, which focuses on the heterogeneities and linkages of the Rebellion. It is important to note that the “Paika Rebellion” was a meeting point of plural genealogies: “tribal” revolts to protect autonomy, “peas- ant” resistance to secure livelihood, restorative attempts by the traditional landed class, and ruling class efforts to defend and expand authority. Appreciating the plural genealogies of the Rebellion leads to more perceptive understandings of the heterogeneous characteristics of popular movements and their aftermaths in modern India. Lastly, in order to go beyond colonial and dominant-caste centred perspec- tives, I propose that we name it the “Orissa Uprising of 1817”. Keywords: Paika Rebellion; India; Orissa; tribe; caste; nationalism; the First War of Independence , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Introduction The year 2017 marked the bicentennial of what is called the “Paika Rebellion” that took place in coastal Orissa1 in 1817.
    [Show full text]
  • Statisticai Abstract 01 Orissa 1981
    i jovF B N M rm 01 o «! ssa STATISTICAI ABSTRACT 01 ORISSA 1981 NIEPA DC ri04487 I Rl Al ()1 S rATlSTICJS AND rC O N O M K S DRISSA. BHUBANESWAR o « i ' - 8ufc. National Systems Ttfiit, National Institute o f Education&ji P la n n in f -Jfjd A m iriistT a tion 17-B.SflAuiI Marg,NrwDrlb^ilOaii li^OO# N 0»*. ^»j D m Materials compiled by : ■*’ 1. Shrl K N Patm, S. I 2. Shri Niranjan Mohanty, S.4. X Shri Naresh Chandra Mohanty, S.-I. 4. Shri R N. Dash, S A 5. Shri K= C. Sahani, S. A. 6. Shrl P. C, Dash. S. A 7 Shri S. B. Adhya, S. A. 8, Shri B. B Bural, J. S A 9, Shri P. K,. fCanutigo, J. S, A. 10, Shri S. Sahoo, J. S. A. Materials typed by :— Shri B. C. Bhoi, Sr. Stenographer Charts and Designs prepared by ; — 1. Shri R N. Swa\a, AtUst 2. Shri M N. Biswal, Artist Technical Guidance given by : - 1. Shri B. Das, Director 2. Shri R. C. Khuiitia, Deputy Director PREFACn The ■‘Statistical Abstract o f Orissa, 1981” is the 12lh issue in Its serie,s Tlic sooio-ecotiomic <lata eo'vering all fields o f Developmental activities in the State for a period o f decade ending 1980-81/1981 witth district wise break up for last two years have been inc<»rpofated in thi - issu A brief note analysing thee data on oat h chaptu" rtloug with some specific programme has been ad led to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Paika Rebellion of 1817 : the First Independence War of India
    Odisha Review ISSN 0970-8669 he powerful Kalinga Empire lost its September 1803 after 35 years Puri and Cuttack Tindependence and sovereignty in 1568. After after defeating Marathas and Balasore at the same fall of Kalinga Empire the portion from the river time went under control of the company. In 3rd Godavari to Ichhapur went under administration phase in 1804 Sambalpur district etc. the western of Golkonda Sultan, the vast area from the river part of Odisha were captured and annexed to Kathajodi to the river Hugli went to the control the Bengal presidency. Thus it took about 50 of Afgans and then to Mughals in 1592. Balance years for the British Company to occupy Odisha. coastal area came under administration of Khurda Kings. From 1572 to 1804 December 5th for 232 The revolt of 1817 is a significant landmark years Khurdagarh was the capital and cultural and turning point in the history of Odisha in which centre of Odisha. But prior to this, the capital the epoch making “Paika (Peasant militia) Cuttack (Barabati Fort) was under the Control Rebellion” against the oppressive British colonial of Afgans followed by Mughals, Maratha administration was organised. occupied Odisha in 1751. Frequent attack and plunder by the horse-trotting Marathas devastated Paika Rebellion of 1817 : The First Independence War of India Akshyaya Kumar Nayak the economic condition of Odisha. Collection of There have been a number of revolts, th “Chautha” or a quarter of the expected income agitations, insurrections, protests in the 18 & th of the cultivable land without considering the crop 19 centuries against the British rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Paika Rebellion - Facts About Paika Bidroha [UPSC History Notes]
    Paika Rebellion - Facts about Paika Bidroha [UPSC History Notes] Paika Rebellion of 1817 is an armed revolt against the British by the Paikas of Khurda in Odisha. The rebellion took form and shape under the leadership of Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhara. On 24th December 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative stamp and coin on the Paika Rebellion. Along with the stamp and coin, PM announced to set up a Chair on Paika Rebellion in Bhubaneshwar’s Utkal University. The Union Budget speech of 2017-18 mentioned about the commemoration of the 200 years of the Paika Rebellion. History of Paikas (Paika Rebellion) “Paika” literally translates to warrior/ fighter in Odiya. “Paika Akhada”, their style of fighting can be traced back to ancient Kalinga and was patronized by king Kharavela. Paikas of Odisha were the landed militia who were involved in performing policing functions for the Gajapati rulers. They also acted as warriors to help the king during wars. They were divided into: 1. Praharis – experts in fighting with swords 2. Banuas- excellent marksmen using matchlocks 3. Dhenkias- the archers in the battlefront. The kingdom of Khurda had granted them rent-free land for the military services that they offered to the kingdom. Paika Rebellion – Reason of Paikas’ Revolt Soon after taking over Odisha from the Marathas in 1803, the British started to introduce a system of administration that angered the King of Khurda, Mukunda Deva II. His planned revolt in collaboration with the Paikas was soon discovered by the British and he was torn apart. They then usurped all the land from the Paikas under the deposed King’s estate.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Affairs December 2019
    VISION IAS www.visionias.in CURRENT AFFAIRS DECEMBER 2019 Copyright © by Vision IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Vision IAS. 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS Table of Contents 1. POLITY & GOVERNANCE _______________ 4 6.2. SDG India Index 2019 _________________ 63 1.1. Citizenship Amendment Act ____________ 4 6.3. Global Gender Gap Report 2020 ________ 63 1.2. Creamy Layer Criteria for SC/ST in 6.4. Universal Health Coverage _____________ 65 Promotions _____________________________ 6 6.5. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and 1.3. 126th Constitutional Amendment Bill _____ 7 Senior Citizens (Amendment) Bill, 2019 ______ 66 1.4. Reforms in Criminal Laws_______________ 8 6.6. Mental Health ______________________ 68 1.5. Doctrine of Neutrality _________________ 9 6.7. PISA Test ___________________________ 70 1.6. Good Governance Index ______________ 10 6.8. EChO Network ______________________ 71 1.7. Political Parties Registration Tracking 7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ____________ 72 Management System (PPRTMS) ____________ 11 7.1. The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 __ 72 1.8. Arms (Amendment) Act, 2019 __________ 11 7.2. National Guidelines for Gene Therapy ___ 74 2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS __________ 13 7.3. Annular Solar Eclipse _________________ 76 2.1. India-US 2+2 Dialogue ________________ 13 8. CULTURE ___________________________ 78 2.2. Russia-China Relations and India________ 14 8.1. Earliest Sanskrit inscription in South India 2.3. UN Peacekeeping Forces ______________ 15 found in A.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Paika Rebellion
    Paika Rebellion drishtiias.com/printpdf/paika-rebellion The Government will release the commemorative coin and postage stamp in memory of Paika Rebellion. The decision to commemorate the bicentenary of the revolution was announced in the 2017-18 Budget Speech. Pre-dating what has been popularly regarded as the first war of independence in 1857, the Paika Bidroha (Paika Rebellion) of 1817 in Odisha briefly shook the foundations of British rule in the eastern part of India. 2017 marked the double centenary of one of the biggest revolts ever seen in eastern India and one which was quelled with great brutality. Paikas were essentially the peasant militias of the Gajapati rulers of Odisha who rendered military service to the king during times of war while taking up cultivation during times of peace. Brief History Till 1803, Odisha was under Maratha rule, however after the second Anglo-Maratha War, the Marathas were forced to cede most of their territory in Odisha to the British East India Company. Establishment of British rule in Odisha was followed by a policy of repression against the Paikas. They lost their traditional position in the society and their lands were taken away. In addition to losing their estates, the Paikas were also heavily exploited by the revenue collectors under the British. The Rebellion Paikas under the leadership of Baxi Jagabandhu, the hereditary chief of the militia army of the Gajapati King of Khurda (a kingdom near Puri), rose in rebellion in March 1817, taking support of tribals and other sections of society. 1/2 The Paikas attacked British symbols of power, setting ablaze police stations, administrative offices and the treasury during their march towards Khurda.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tribute to the Martyrs of Paika Rebellion
    ISSN 0970-8669 Odisha Review A Tribute to the Martyrs of Paika Rebellion Satyabadi Baliarsingh he presiding deity of the state of Utkal was time, was later named as “Jagannathpur, Cuttack”. TLord Sri Jagannath and the King Gajapati So from 1572 to December 5th 1804, for 232 was his representative. The state had lost its years Khordha-Gada remained the capital of independence and Odisha and was the centre sovereignty in 1868 A.D. of culture and tradition of To protect and preserve Utkal. It is said that because the tradition, Gajapati Ram of the razor-sharp Chandra Dev ascended the appearances and the valour throne of Khordha. His first of Paikas, Khordha had and primary work was to been named so, i.e re-install the three idols, Khordha. kidnapped by By the time, Kalapahada, from the Khordha kingdom was temple of Puri. The history created and Khordha fort says, Kalapahada had was built, the traditional taken away the three idols capital of Odisha Empire and had burnt them on the was Cuttack. The Barabati bank of Ganga. A pious Fort had come under the man named Bishara Mohanty rescued the possession of Afghans and thereafter the Mughals. ‘Brahma’ and hide it in Kujanga. Gajapati Ram With the fall of Utkal Empire, the areas from the Chandra Dev brought the ‘Brahma’ from river Godavari to Icchapur came under the Sultan Kujanga, and built three wooden idols of Lord of Golkunda and the areas from the river Jagannath, Balabhadra and Shubhadra and placed Kathajori to Hoogly came under the rule of them at Gada-Khordha.
    [Show full text]
  • Paika Rebellion
    Paika Rebellion July 14, 2020 Recently the President of India laid the foundation stone to the memorial being built in memory of the Paika rebellion (1817), a 200-year-old armed revolt against the British East India Company in Odisha. What is Paika rebellion? It was an armed rebellion against the British East India Company’s rule in Odisha in 1817. In 1817, some 400 Kondhs, who belonged to the state of Ghumsur, banded together to revolt against the British. Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bharamarbar Rai, the highest- ranking military general of King of Khorda Mukund Dev II, led the Paikas to join the uprising. The Paika Rebellion is one among the peasant rebellions Causes of the rebellion The Paika rebellion had several social, economic and political reasons. The Paikas were alienated by the British regime, who took over the hereditary rent-free lands granted to them after the conquest of Khurda. They were also subjected to extortion and oppression at the hands of the company government and its servants. The extortionist land revenue policy of the company affected the peasants and the zamindars alike. The company also abolished the system of cowrie currency that had existed in Odisha prior to its conquest and required that taxes be paid in silver. This caused much popular hardship and discontent. Effects In May 1817, the British posted judges to Khurda to sentence the captured rebels. The rebels were awarded sentences of death, transportation and long-term imprisonment. Between 1818 and 1826, the company’s forces undertook combing operations in the jungles of Khurda to capture and put to death rebels who had managed to escape.
    [Show full text]
  • Odisha's Paika Rebellion
    Odisha’s Paika Rebellion What is the issue? The Odisha government identified 10 acres of land for the Paika memorial in Khordha district, dedicated to the 1817 Paika Rebellion. President Ram Nath Kovind will visit the Khorda to lay the foundation of the memorial. What is the Paika rebellion of 1817? Paikas had been recruited since the 16th century by kings in Odisha. They were from a variety of social groups who render martial services in return for the rent-free land (nish-kar jagirs) and titles. After entering Odisha in 1803, the British introduced new revenue settlements due to which many Odia proprietors ended up losing their lands to absentee Bengali landlords. Changes in the currency and revenue systems meant the Odias had to pay taxes in silver, which was more expensive for them. This resulted in further marginalisation and oppression of the Odias. In 1817, Kondhs who belonged to the state of Ghumsur banded together to revolt against the British. Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bharamarbar Rai, the highest- ranking military general of King of Khorda Mukund Dev II, led the Paikas to join the uprising. During the course of the rebellion, they burnt government buildings in Banapur, killed policemen and British officials, and looted the treasury. The uprising lasted few months but was eventually crushed by the better- equipped and trained forces of the East India Company (EIC). Bakshi escaped to the jungles, and ultimately surrendered in 1825 under negotiated terms. Why is the rebellion being remembered now? 200th anniversary of the Paika Rebellion (April 2017) - Prime Minister Narendra Modi honoured descendants from 16 families that were associated with the uprising.
    [Show full text]
  • Magazine Can Be Printed in Whole Or Part Without the Written Permission of the Publisher
    MONTHLY ISSUE - SEPTEMBER - 2017 CurrVanik’s ent Affairs Banking | Railway | Insurance | SSC | UPSC | OPSC | PSU IAS Vanik’s Question Hub CHOOSING THE Vanik’s Practice Set RIGHT OPTIONAL FOR Vanik’s Extra Dose UPSC CSE - 2017 Vanik’s Knowledge Garden VA N I K S A H E E D N A G A R C E N T R E VA N I K C U T TA C K C E N T R E Centralized A/C Counseling Central A/C Classroom Fully Wi-Fi Enabled Lab Interview Grooming Session Food Court WHY YOU SHOULD JOIN VANIK INSTITUTE FOR “BANKING, RAILWAY AND SSC” 1. BEST FACULTY OF INDIA FOR CLASSES COMPARE TO ALL 18. Weekly Current Affairs handout separately. OTHER INSTITUTE. 19. Weekly newspaper reading classes. 2. Highest no of Classes from basic to advance level. 20. One month free online test (MTD – Banking Test & Discussion) 3. Highest no of hours in every subject for better understanding. and six month free practice test (TBT, SBT, MCT, FPT & PPT) Total hours for banking - 450+HRS (6 MONTHS DAILY 2 HRS 21. Two month free online test (MTD, VTD) and six month free CLASS) AND SSC - 750+ HRS (6 MONTH DAILY 4 HRS CLASS) practice test (TBT, SBT, MCT, FPT & PPT) 4. Separate vocabulary class (1000 - BANKING AND 2000 WORDS 22. Interview classes , mock interview with video recording and - SSC) (Weekly Once) analysis 5. Special class for upcoming exams. 23. Personal development and group discussion class 6. Separate traditional GK class for easy remember GK in the class itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Iasbaba's 60 Days Plan –COMPILATION (History)
    IASBABA.COM 2018 IASBABA [IASBABA’S 60 DAYS PLAN –COMPILATION (HISTORY)] Born with the vision of “Enabling a person located at the most remote destination a chance at cracking AIR 1 in IAS”. IASbaba’s 60 Days Plan –COMPILATION (History) 2018 Q.1) Consider the following pairs about Mughal administration: Officer Function 1. Wazir Looked after revenue and finance. 2. Mir Bakshi Record and requirement of the state karkhanas, stores, order, interactions and internal relations. 3. Khan-i-Saman Military pay and accounts and related duties. 4. Sadr The head of religious donations and contributions. Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? a) 1, 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 4 only c) 2 and 4 only d) All the above. Q.1) Solution (b) Central Administration Enjoying the absolute power, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire was always the central administrative authority. A number of officers in the different governmental departments were appointed for the smooth functioning of transactions involving various affairs. The state had four main departments and the four main officers of the central government were diwan; Mir bakhshi; Mir saman; and sadr. The diwan (also called the Wazir or chief minister), held the primary position among them and looked after revenue and finance, but kept an overview of all matters of expenditure and related departments recording all imperial orders and assigning duties and expense to district faujdars. Mir Bakshi handled the military pay and accounts and related duties. He not only was the Paymaster for all officers but also played role in recruitment of soldiers, listing of mansabdars and important officials.
    [Show full text]
  • 35-MAGAZINE-JULY-2017.Pdf
    MONTHLY ISSUE - AUGUST - 2017 CurrVanik’s ent Affairs Banking | Railway | Insurance | SSC | UPSC | OPSC | PSU IAS Vanik’s Question Hub Preparation Strategy for Vanik’s Practice Set UPSC Civil Service Vanik’s Extra Dose Examination Main-2017 Vanik’s Knowledge Garden VA N I K S A H E E D N A G A R C E N T R E VA N I K C U T TA C K C E N T R E Centralized A/C Counseling Central A/C Classroom Fully Wi-Fi Enabled Lab Interview Grooming Session Food Court WHY YOU SHOULD JOIN VANIK INSTITUTE FOR “BANKING, RAILWAY AND SSC” 1. BEST FACULTY OF INDIA FOR CLASSES COMPARE TO ALL 18. Weekly Current Affairs handout separately. OTHER INSTITUTE. 19. Weekly newspaper reading classes. 2. Highest no of Classes from basic to advance level. 20. One month free online test (MTD – Banking Test & Discussion) 3. Highest no of hours in every subject for better understanding. and six month free practice test (TBT, SBT, MCT, FPT & PPT) Total hours for banking - 450+HRS (6 MONTHS DAILY 2 HRS 21. Two month free online test (MTD, VTD) and six month free CLASS) AND SSC - 750+ HRS (6 MONTH DAILY 4 HRS CLASS) practice test (TBT, SBT, MCT, FPT & PPT) 4. Separate vocabulary class (1000 - BANKING AND 2000 WORDS 22. Interview classes , mock interview with video recording and - SSC) (Weekly Once) analysis 5. Special class for upcoming exams. 23. Personal development and group discussion class 6. Separate traditional GK class for easy remember GK in the class itself.
    [Show full text]