DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AND TOURISM INTERSECT: GENDER, POWER STRUCTURES AND LOCAL MARKET VENDORS IN AGUAS CALIENTES, PERU by Jennifer L. McGowan Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia March 2010 © Copyright by Jennifer L. McGowan, 2010 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63620-6 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63620-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Nnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre im primes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1+1 Canada DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY To comply with the Canadian Privacy Act the National Library of Canada has requested that the following pages be removed from this 'copy of the thesis: Preliminary Pages Examiners Signature Page (pii) Dalhousie Library Copyright Agreement (piii) Appendices Copyright Releases (if applicable) Dedication To my parents who have taught me the true meaning of sacrifice and open, unconditional love. I am forever thankful for the morals and love they, and my entire extended family as well, have instilled in me. They will be with me, always. And to my brother; I know he's on the cusp of something great. iv Table of Contents Table of Figures vii Abstract viii List of Abbreviations Used ix Acknowledgements x Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Purpose and Objectives 6 Significance of Study 7 Methodology 8 Data Recording Procedures 10 Ethical Considerations 15 Limitations 16 Overview of Chapters 19 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 20 Theoretical Framework: Sustainable Livelihoods and Power Relations 24 Tourism and Sustainable Development 25 Sustainable Livelihoods and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach 27 Tourism, Power and Development 34 Local Participation and Power 34 Theories of Power 36 Gender Power Relations 40 Development and Empowerment 40 Feminist Anthropologies: Gender in the Latin American Context 44 Chapter 3: Peruvian Tourism, Aguas Calientes and the Artisan Market 47 Peruvian Development and Tourism 47 Tourism in Aguas Calientes 49 The Artisan Market 53 The Municipal Government of Aguas Calientes and the Market 55 Market and Social Organization 57 Chapter 4: Women, Power, and Changing Livelihoods 61 The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach 62 v Livelihoods in the Past 64 Vulnerability Context 66 Livelihood Assets •. 69 Contemporary Livelihood Strategies 70 Livelihood Goals 73 Power Relations and Livelihoods 75 Transforming Structures and Processes 75 Power Relations and Constraints on Livelihoods 77 Forms of Resistance Already in Existence 83 Chapter 5: Conclusion 85 References Cited 91 Appendix A: Letter of Introduction 99 Appendix B: Verbal Consent Script 100 vi Table of Figures Figure 1: Map of Aguas Calientes, Peru 3 Figure 2: The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework 29 Figure 3: Relationship between Sustainable Development, Rural Development, and Tourism 30 Figure 4: The Sustainable Livelihood Framework for Tourism 31 Figure 5: The Mercado Artesanal de la Municipalidad Distrital de Machupicchu 56 vn Abstract This thesis addresses two central questions: Can tourism positively contribute to sustainable livelihood goals for marginalized populations? How has the introduction of tourism in semi-rural areas interacted with livelihood priorities over time? In order to attempt to answer these questions, this thesis, using livelihoods and power based approaches, analyses the case study of the small tourist town of Aguas Calientes, Peru (near Machu Picchu), and specifically its artisan market, through a series of interviews with market vendors in the Fall of 2007. This research indicates that unequal political, economic and social power structures and relationships within the market setting and the interacting surrounding area are currently restricting livelihood choices and access to tourism benefits. For greater equality in tourism to occur, change will need to be initiated in large part by those benefiting the least from tourism. Key Words: sustainable livelihoods, tourism, power, Peru, market vendors, Machu Picchu viii List of Abbreviations Used APT Anti-Poverty Tourism CBC Center Bartolome de las Casas (Andean Research and Study Centre) CBT Community Based Tourism CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIDA Canadian International Development Agency DFID United Kingdom Department for International Development ENAFER Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles del Peru FDI Foreign Direct Investment FIM The Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) USD International Institute for Sustainable Development IMF International Monetary Fund INRENA Peruvian National Institute of Natural Resources (Institute Nacional de Recursos Naturales) NGO Non-Governmental Organization PPT Pro-Poor Tourism SAPs Structural Adjustment Programs SLA Sustainable Livelihoods Approach SLFT Sustainable Livelihood Framework for Tourism ST-EP Sustainable Tourism as an Effective Tool for Eliminating Poverty STLA Sustainable Tourism Livelihoods Approach UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization (aka WTO) WB World Bank WCED 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council ix Acknowledgements If it were not for the love, help and support of so many people, this thesis would not exist. First off I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr. Marian Binkley and Dr. John Cameron. Dr. Binkley, your support and example, both academic and personal, helped inspire me to finish this work. I appreciated your tough, concise and yet extremely approachable style of both writing and teaching, and I will forever (at least attempt!) to look at the verb "to be" in a new light. Dr. Cameron, your support during my field work and especially at the ending stages of this research was phenomenal. I am always in awe of how much you do and am inspired by how much you do truly care about both your students and your work. I would also like to thank all those that helped me and worked with me in Peru, including the Casa Campesina hostel of the Center Bartolome de las Casas (CBC) Andean research and study centre, the fifteen women I interviewed in the market, Martin and Mariella Bernasconi, and anyone else whose kind actions, however small, helped me find my way during my stay. Thank you to Nicole and Marian and everyone else in the International Development Studies Department as well. Nicole and Marian you were so very helpful every step of the way! The Department is lucky to have you! Everyone in the Department has helped make my time here at Dalhousie fun, interesting and rewarding. And finally, of course, thank you so much to all my friends and family. None of this would have been possible without the love and support of all of you. I am very lucky to have each and every one of you in my life and I only hope I can be as giving and supportive for each of you as you have been for me. Where would we be without the help, love and support of others? x Chapter 1: Introduction In 2009, tourism and travel employed over 236 million people and generated over US$5.4 trillion globally (WTTC 2010). With the aim of tapping into this multi-billion dollar industry, less developed countries around the globe are increasingly promoting themselves as tourist destinations in the global market place.1 In the realm of development, tourism has been touted as a means toward economic development and poverty elimination by both the governments of developing nations and development agencies alike.2 But how do the local populations in these countries experience and benefit from tourism? Do the supposed economic benefits of tourism actually reach the populations that need more livelihood options and support? And if local populations are not benefiting, especially economically, in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Master Thesis
    MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis / Title of the Master‘s Thesis “Quo vadis, Peru? Between continuity and change: Challenges of the Peruvian extractivism as a development model” verfasst von / submitted by Claudio Francis Barrantes León, BA, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2015 / Vienna, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 824 Postgraduate programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Universitätslehrgang lt. Studienblatt / Politikwissenschaft / Political Science UG2002 Postgraduate programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ. Doz. Dr. Gernot Stimmer List of abbreviations ALBA-TCP – Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América - Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos, engl. Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Trade Treaty of the Peoples APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation AR – Accumulation Regime CAN - Comunidad Andina, engl. Andean Community CLAES Centro Latino Americano de Ecologia Social, engl. Latin American Center of Social Ecology CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility CC – Corporate Citizenship CCT’s – Conditional Cash Transfers CFBL – Claudio Francis Barrantes León (Author) ECA – Economic Complementation Agreement ECLAC, UNECLAC – United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean EEZ – Exclusive Economic Zones EJOLT - Environmental Justice Organisations, Liabilities and Trade EU – European Union FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FTAs – Free Trade Agreements GRI – Global Reporting Initiative IDB – Inter American Development Bank ILO – International Labour Organization 2 INEI – National Institute of Statistics and Informatics of Peru ISI – Import Substitution Industrialization MR – Mode of Regulation Mercosur – Mercado Común del Sur, engl. Southern Common Market PR – Public Relations SAPs – Structural Adjustment Programs TPP – Trans-Pacific Partnership Unasur – Unión de Naciones Suramericanas, engl.
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaica in the Tourism Global Value Chain
    Jamaica in the Tourism Global Value Chain April 2018 Prepared by Karina Fernandez-Stark and Penny Bamber Contributing researcher: Vivian Couto, Jack Daly and Danny Hamrick Duke Global Value Chains Center, Duke University Global Value Chains Center This research was prepared by the Duke University Global Value Chains Center on behalf of the Organization of American States (OAS). This study is part of the establishment of Small Business Development Centers in the Caribbean. The report is based on both primary and secondary information sources. In addition to interviews with firms operating in the sector and supporting institutions, the report draws on secondary research and information sources. The project report is available at www.gvcc.duke.edu. Acknowledgements The Duke University Global Value Chains Center would like to thank all of the interviewees, who gave generously of their time and expertise, as well as Renee Penco of the Organization of American States (OAS) for her extensive support. The Duke University Global Value Chain Center undertakes client-sponsored research that addresses economic and social development issues for governments, foundations and international organizations. We do this principally by utilizing the global value chain (GVC) framework, created by Founding Director Gary Gereffi, and supplemented by other analytical tools. As a university- based research center, we address clients’ real-world questions with transparency and rigor. www.gvcc.duke.edu. Duke Global Value Chain Center, Duke University © April 2018
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural and Mining Labor Interactions in Peru: a Long-Run Perspective
    Agricultural and Mining Labor Interactions in Peru: ALong-RunPerspective(1571-1812) Apsara Iyer1 April 4, 2016 1Submitted for consideration of B.A. Economics and Mathematics, Yale College Class of 2016. Advisor: Christopher Udry Abstract This essay evaluates the context and persistence of extractive colonial policies in Peru on contemporary development indicators and political attitudes. Using the 1571 Toledan Reforms—which implemented a system of draft labor and reg- ularized tribute collection—as a point of departure, I build a unique dataset of annual tribute records for 160 districts in the Cuzco, Huamanga, Huancavelica, and Castrovirreyna regions of Peru over the years of 1571 to 1812. Pairing this source with detailed historic micro data on population, wages, and regional agri- cultural prices, I develop a historic model for the annual province-level output. The model’s key parameters determine the output elasticities of labor and capital and pre-tribute production. This approach allows for an conceptual understand- ing of the interaction between mita assignment and production factors over time. Ithenevaluatecontemporaryoutcomesofagriculturalproductionandpolitical participation in the same Peruvian provinces, based on whether or not a province was assigned to the mita. I find that assigning districts to the mita lowers the average amount of land cultivated, per capita earnings, and trust in municipal government Introduction For nearly 250 years, the Peruvian economy was governed by a rigid system of state tribute collection and forced labor. Though the interaction between historical ex- traction and economic development has been studied in a variety of post-colonial contexts, Peru’s case is unique due to the distinct administration of these tribute and labor laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Substitution Effect Through Fiscal Transfers?! Incidence of the Peruvian Property Tax
    Substitution Effect through Fiscal Transfers?! Incidence of the Peruvian Property Tax Markus Rühling 1 Substitution Effect through Fiscal Transfers?! Incidence of the Peruvian Property Tax University of Potsdam, Germany Markus Rühling Dissertation zur Verleihung des Doktorgrades der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (doctor rerum politicarum; Dr. rer. pol.) an der Universität Potsdam Thesis advisor: Prof. Dr. Harald Fuhr Co-advisor: Prof. Dr. Christoph Reichard Co-advisor: Prof. Dr. Paul Bernd Spahn February 2008 2 Published online at the Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam: URL http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4210/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42100 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42100 Contents 1. Introduction ..................................... .......... 11 1.1 General Introduction into the Research Subject . .......... 11 1.2 Elaboration of the Research Design . ......... 17 1.3 Methodology ...................................... ..... 20 2. Theoretical Context .............................. ........... 24 2.1 Theoretical Background of Fiscal Decentralization and Local Public Finances ............................ ........ 24 2.2 Substitution of Municipal Revenues Through Intergovernmental Transfers ...................... ....... 44 2.3 Theories on Decision Making .. ........... 50 3. Economic Framework Conditions and Analysis of the Peruvian Budget .................................. ......... 59 3.1 Revenues of the Central State . ............. 61 3.2 Public Expenditure ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Files.Pucp.Edu.Pe
    DT DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO DECON DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú DEPARTAMENNºTO 480 DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Presidential Approval DEPARTAMEN in Peru:T AnO Empirical DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Analysis Using Católica a del Perú DEPARTAMEN FractionallyTO DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Cointegrated VARCatólica del Perú DEPARTAMENAlexanderT OBoca DE Saravia ECONOMÍA y Pontificia UniversidadGabriel Rodríguez Católica del Perú DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO N° 480 Presidential Approval in Peru: An Empirical Analysis Using a Fractionally Cointegrated VAR Alexander Boca Saravia y Gabriel Rodríguez Diciembre, 2019 DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO 480 http://doi.org/10.18800/2079-8474.0480 Presidential Approval in Peru: An Empirical Analysis Using a Fractionally Cointegrated VAR Documento de Trabajo 480 © Alexander Boca Saravia y Gabriel Rodríguez Editado e Impreso: © Departamento de Economía – Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32 – Perú. Teléfono: (51-1) 626-2000 anexos 4950 - 4951 [email protected] http://departamento.pucp.edu.pe/economia/publicaciones/documentos-de-trabajo/ Encargado de la Serie: Jorge Rojas Rojas Departamento de Economía – Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, [email protected] Primera edición – Diciembre, 2019. ISSN 2079-8474 (En línea) Presidential Approval in Peru: An Empirical Analysis Using a Fractionally Cointegrated VAR Alexander Boca Saravia Gabriel Rodríguez Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Central Reserve Bank of Peru Fiscal Council of Peru Abstract Presidential approval in Peru depends on economic outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • La Teoría De La Dependencia En La Historia Económica Sobre La República
    216 LA TEORÍA DE LA DEPENDENCIA EN LA HISTORIA ECONÓMICA SOBRE LA REPÚBLICA Carlos Contreras Enero, 2003 DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO 216 http://www.pucp.edu.pe/economia/pdf/DDD216.pdf LA TEORIA DE LA DEPENDENCIA EN LA HISTORIA ECONOMICA SOBRE LA REPUBLICA Carlos Contreras RESUMEN ¿Cuál era la imagen de la historia económica del Perú republicano un cuarto de siglo atrás? ¿En qué medida se ha transformado hoy y en virtud de qué trabajos o factores? Estas son las preguntas que me propongo afrontar en las páginas siguientes. Mi argumento es que en el período de los últimos veinticinco años, la historia económica peruana, pero especialmente la del período independiente, estuvo dominada por el esquema interpretativo dependentista. Este comenzó a ser cuestionado severamente, durante los últimos quince años, sobre todo desde la perspectiva liberal, pero sin que podamos decir que haya ocurrido ya un desplazamiento del esquema anterior por uno nuevo. Al final, planteo algunas razones de la durabilidad del enfoque dependentista para la explicación de la historia económica del Perú. ABSTRACT What was, twenty five years ago, the image about Peruvian economic history during its independent period? Which are the changes in it now and which the factors of that changes? My argue is that in the period of last twenty five years, the economic history of Peru, but especially its republican period, was dominated by the Dependency Theory frame. This insight suffered several attacks recently, especially since liberal perspective, but its main lines are stand up yet. In the last part of this article, I offer some reasons to explain the strong and durable of dependency approach to explain the economic history of Peru.
    [Show full text]
  • On Fragile Soils. Place-Making and Unsustainable Tourism in Northern Peru
    Building a ‘Paradise’ on Fragile Soils. Place-making and Unsustainable Tourism in Northern Peru. by FERNANDO GONZÁLEZ-VELARDE School of Modern Languages Newcastle University A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of Newcastle University for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Latin American Studies. August, 2013 - Abstract Building a ‘Paradise’ on Fragile Soils. Place-making and Unsustainable Tourism in Northern Peru. This thesis critically examines the current characteristics of the tourism industry in Peru. By taking the case of the coastal district of Mancora, Northern Peru, this study explores processes of place-making occurring in a context of neoliberal reform, whereby territories highly vulnerable to the ‘El Niño’ phenomenon are developed into tourist attractions. The approach of this thesis is interdisciplinary, using multi-sited ethnography and Critical Discourse Analysis as key instruments. The interpretative framework relies on anthropological theory about the nature and society interface; studies about socio-economic development, sustainable tourism and neoliberalism; debates concerning the socio-cultural elaboration of space, place, and identity in post- colonial societies; as well as literature on natural disasters. By portraying tourism as an efficient tool for economic growth, businessmen and national elites are seeking to transform the identity of Northern Peru into an ‘attractive’ tourist destination. Whilst this is expected to develop rural populations and the nation, the overwhelming enthusiasm triggered by tourism revenues has widely neglected the socio-cultural and environmental impacts this industry generates and, more importantly, the cyclical exposure of this region to the ‘El Niño’ phenomenon. Recent occurrences of this natural event provoked millions of dollars worth of damage, severely hitting the economic development of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Stewardship and the Production of Subjectivities: Indigenous, Scientific, and Economic Rationalities in Ancash, Peru
    ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND THE PRODUCTION OF SUBJECTIVITIES: INDIGENOUS, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC RATIONALITIES IN ANCASH, PERU By Rowenn Beth Kalman A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Anthropology—Doctor of Philosophy 2017 ABSTRACT ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND THE PRODUCTION OF SUBJECTIVITIES: INDIGENOUS, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC RATIONALITIES IN ANCASH, PERU By Rowenn Beth Kalman In the region of Ancash, Peru, rural farmers, NGO staff, state workers, and mine engineers all argue that environmental conciencia (consciousness) is crucial for protecting natural resources from pollution and overuse. However, they draw on different rationales of indigeneity, science, and economics to define what constitutes effective conservation and who has authority over nature. NGOs train rural farmers to be “environmental promoters” who monitor pollution and embrace ancestral (indigenous Andean) views of nature as they coordinate among mine companies, state authorities, and their fellow villagers. This dissertation argues that promoter training reflects an attempt to create environmental subjects—those who view the stewardship of nature as necessary for resource preservation (Agrawal 2005)—but that differently situated subjects decide to protect nature for different reasons. Through community- based stewardship, promoters and other actors draw from the multiple discourses of conciencia (indigenous, scientific, and economic) to dispute both state-sanctioned and private sector authority, articulating competing ideas of environmental management. This argument departs from previous analyses of decentralization and environmental governance that suggest community stewardship initiatives lead marginal resource users into deeper compliance with a singular, state-sanctioned logic. Further, existing scholarship on environmental subjectivity does not consider how other dimensions of subjectivity are engaged and reconstructed through processes cultivating environmental subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Models, Agricultural Policies, and Agricultural Growth: Peru, 1950-2010
    Sociedad de Estudios de Historia Agraria - Documentos de Trabajo DT-SEHA n. 1704 Julio de 2017 www.seha.info DEVELOPMENT MODELS, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AND AGRICULTURAL GROWTH: PERU, 1950-2010 Jackeline Velazco* y Vicente Pinilla** * Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú Contacto: [email protected] ** Universidad de Zaragoza e Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón Contacto: [email protected] © Julio de 2017, Jackeline Velazco y Vicente Pinilla ISSN: 2386-7825 Abstract Throughout its history, Peru, as a small open economy, has undergone cycles of crisis and recovery, usually linked to fluctuations in the international market. The Peruvian economy has always been an exporter of primary products and an importer of manufactured goods This paper has a two-fold aim: to identify the salient characteristics of the development models and policies affecting Peruvian agriculture since the mid-twentieth century, and to identify what effect they have had on agricultural production and productivity based on an estimation of total-factor productivity (TFP) for the 1950-2010 period.Development strategy models have ranged from the diversification of primary exports, to import-substitution industrialisation, and the promotion of non-traditional exports, which is the current model. These strategies have determined the outcome for agriculture. Key words: Peruvian economic history, Peruvian agriculture, development models, Latin American economic history, agricultural growth Resumen: Históricamente Perú, como una economía abierta pequeña, ha atravesado
    [Show full text]
  • DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Forthe 21St Century: the Case of Peru
    & IaS-:), 0 Co DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES forthe 21st century: the case of Peru Coordinator: Francisco Sagasti agenda: PERU D Monitor Development Strategies for the 21st century: the case of Peru © AGENDA: PERU Av. Manuel Olguin 533, Of. 403-404, Lima 33 - Peru - Apartado Postal 18-1194, Lima 18 - Peru Telefono: (51-1)437-3792 Fax: (51-1) 435-0410 E-mail: [email protected] Pagina web: www.agendaperu.org.pe This edition was made possible through a grant from the International Development Research Centre, IDRC (Canada). First published in Spanish by Editorial Apoyo, November 2000. This edition by Peru Monitor S.A., May 2001 Diego Ferre 387, Miraflores, Lima-Peru Tel: 445-0525 Fax: 446-0111 Email: [email protected] ISBN: 972-760-05-7 Legal deposit: 1501222001-1655 Printed by: PERFECT WORK Tel: 242-8165 Telefax: 241-1121 Index Preface 17 Coordinator's note 19 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT Chapter 1: The starting point Life in Peru: crisis and promise 25 Evolution of the idea and practice of development 27 Futures of the past and shared aspirations 29 Visions of the future Peru and notions of the common good 32 Development strategy and democratic governance 35 Crisis, strategy and promise at the start of a new century 36 Chapter 2: Peru in the new international arena Introduction 43 The fractured global order 43 Globalization, ideology, the State and foreign policy 47 Toward active management of international insertion 51 Economic insertion and productive transformation 52 The international dimension of social policies 54 The
    [Show full text]
  • VI. Institutional Activities
    CENTRAL RESERVE BANK OF PERU INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITY 1. Board of Directors On December 31, 2020, the Board of Directors of BCRP was integrated by Julio Velarde Flores (Governor), Miguel Palomino Bonilla (Deputy Governor), José Chlimper Ackerman, Elmer Cuba Bustinza, Javier Escobal D’Angelo, Rafael Rey Rey, and Gustavo Yamada Fukusaki. During 2020 the Board held 60 meetings. 2. Transparency and Social Responsibility Efficiency and transparency characterize the actions of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP). Monetary policy decisions are taken in accordance with the BCRP independence and informed to the public through various communication channels. 2.1 Transparency The Board of BCRP informs the public about monetary policy decisions through the Monetary Policy Statements, which are published each month on the BCRP website and its social media sites, disseminated through press releases, and e-mailed to subscribers. Teleconferences are also held with the media to inform the public about these decisions. In addition to the regular meetings, the Board held an extraordinary meeting in March 2020 and the April meeting was brought forward due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, the Inflation Report was published in the months of June, September, and December due to the circumstances generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This report contains the BCRP analysis of economic developments, explains monetary policy actions, provides information on the evolution of prices, and discusses inflation forecasts and the main macroeconomic variables. The Inflation Report is published on the BCRP website and analyzed in presentations to representatives of the financial system, economic analysts, the media, authorities, and business and academia representatives, both in Lima and in several cities of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • World Gold Council. the Economic Contribution of Large-Scale Gold
    The economic contribution of large-scale gold mining in Peru About the World Gold Council Contents The World Gold Council is the market development organisation Executive summary 01 for the gold industry. Working within the investment, jewellery Introduction: background and methodology 02 and technology sectors, as well as engaging in government affairs, our purpose is to provide industry leadership, whilst stimulating Part I: Peru – economy, history and mining industry 04 and sustaining demand for gold. Part II: Impact of the sample mines 14 We develop gold-backed solutions, services and markets, Conclusion 29 based on true market insight. As a result, we create structural Appendix: Data collection template 30 shifts in demand for gold across key market sectors. References 32 We provide insights into the international gold markets, helping people to better understand the wealth preservation qualities of gold and its role in meeting the social and environmental needs of society. Based in the UK, with operations in India, the Far East, Europe and the US, the World Gold Council is an association whose members include the world’s leading and most forward thinking gold mining companies. The World Gold Council has 22 members representing approximately 60% of global corporate gold production. Members’ active support of the World Gold Council represents their shared vision of ensuring a sustainable gold mining industry, based on a deeper understanding of gold’s role in society, now and in the future. African Barrick Gold Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd Alamos Gold Inc. AngloGold Ashanti Barrick Gold Corporation Buenaventura China Gold Corporation Coeur d’Alene Mines Corporation Eldorado Gold Corporation Franco-Nevada Corporation Goldcorp Inc.
    [Show full text]