Section 16.4: FISH and FISH HABITAT STUDY
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Section 16.4 FISH AND FISH HABITAT STUDY Technical Volume George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................... iii Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... iv 1.0 Scope of Study ................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Review of Existing Literature and Data ......................................................................... 2 3.0 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Temporal Scope .................................................................................................... 4 3.3 Study Methods ...................................................................................................... 5 3.3.1 Literature Review of Major Water Features ............................................ 5 3.3.2 Field Habitat Assessment ....................................................................... 5 3.3.3 Field In Situ Water Quality Assessment ................................................. 6 3.3.4 Fish Sampling ......................................................................................... 7 3.3.5 Incidental Observations .......................................................................... 7 3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................ 7 4.0 Results ............................................................................................................................. 9 4.1 Information Review of Previous Fish Sampling ..................................................... 9 4.2 Study Results ........................................................................................................ 9 4.2.1 Fraser River South Arm .......................................................................... 9 4.2.1.1 Hydrology and Hydraulics ........................................................ 9 4.2.1.2 Physical Fish Habitat ............................................................. 11 4.2.1.3 Aquatic Resources ................................................................. 12 4.2.1.4 Deas Slough .......................................................................... 29 4.2.1.5 Green Slough ......................................................................... 31 4.2.1.6 Upland Watercourses ............................................................ 33 4.3 Incidental Observations ....................................................................................... 49 5.0 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 51 5.1 Key Findings ........................................................................................................ 51 5.1.1 Commercial, Recreational, or Aboriginal Fish Values .......................... 51 5.1.2 Non-Commercial, Recreational, or Aboriginal Fish Values ................... 52 6.0 References ..................................................................................................................... 54 i George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Study Components and Major Objectives ............................................................. 1 Table 3-1 Evaluation Criteria for Water Quality Parameters .................................................. 6 Table 3-2 Fish and Fish Habitat Study Watercourse Classification System .......................... 8 Table 4-1 Upland Watercourses Identified within the Study Area (Listed in Southbound Order) .................................................................................................................. 34 Table 4-2 Summary of Water Quality Data for Upland Watercourses Sampled in the Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 42 Table 4-3 Summary of Historic and Recent Fish Captures within Upland Watercourses in the Study Area ..................................................................................................... 43 Table 4-4 Summary of Incidental Observations of Aquatic Organisms ............................... 49 Table 4-5 Summary of Incidental Observations of Terrestrial Wildlife ................................. 50 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment A Study Area and Watercourse Classifications Figures, Fish and Amphibian Distribution Map, and FREMP Habitat Inventory Figure Attachment B Tables (1 through 8) Summarizing Historical Fish Presence, Field Water Quality, and Fish Capture Results for the Project Attachment C Photographs of Watercourses Assessed during the Fish Field Program for the Project ii George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study Abbreviations and Acronyms Term Definition µS/m1 microsiemens per metre B.C. WQG British Columbia water quality guidelines BIEAP Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program cm/km centimetre per kilometre COSEWIC Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada CRA commercial, recreational, or Aboriginal (refers to fisheries) DFO Fisheries and Oceans Canada DO dissolved oxygen ESA environmentally sensitive area FISS Fisheries Information Summary System FREMP Fraser River Estuary Management Program GIS geographic information system m/s metres per second m/year metres per year m3/s cubic metres per second m3/year cubic metres per year mg/L milligrams per litre Ministry Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure RISC Resources Information Standards Committee ROW right-of-way SARA Species at Risk Act SFPR South Fraser Perimeter Road Tunnel George Massey Tunnel iii George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study Glossary Term Definition alevin A newly hatched salmonid that is still attached to the yolk sac. anadromous Migrating from sea to freshwater to spawn. Sediment that is transported by river flow along the river bottom and bed material load comprises particles found in appreciable quantities in the channel bed. The B.C. CDC designation for species considered to be of special Blue-listed concern (formerly vulnerable) in British Columbia. The proportion of the sky hemisphere obscured by vegetation when crown closure viewed from a single point. detritus Organic matter produced by the decomposition of organisms. epibenthic Living above the bottom (also demersal). The number of salmon arriving at their natal river or stream to spawn escapement (or the number of salmon that have escaped fisheries and are available to spawn). The potential reproductive capacity of an organism (e.g., the number fecundity of eggs a fish produces during each reproductive cycle). fry A young fish at the post-larval stage. The right-of-way owned by the Province of B.C. for Highway 99 from Highway 99 corridor the Peace Arch Canada‒U.S. border crossing in Surrey to the Oak Street Bridge in Richmond. Aquatic habitat between the mean lowest low water level and the intertidal mean highest high water level. mesohabitat Basic structural features of a river or stream such as pools, backwaters, runs, glides, and riffles. The spatial extent within which Project components and related Project alignment activities are proposed. The B.C. CDC designation for species considered extirpated, Red-listed endangered, or threatened. Freshwater from a river floats on top of seawater in a layer that gradually thins toward the sea. The denser seawater moves upstream along the bottom of the river estuary, forming a wedge- salt wedge shaped layer that is thinner as it moves upstream. A difference in velocity occurs between the two layers that acts against the mixing tendency of tide- and wind-induced turbulence. iv George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study Term Definition smolt A young salmon that first migrates from freshwater to the sea. From a longitudinal view, the deepest part of a riverbed from the thalweg source to the mouth; the deepest point in any given river cross- section. Sediment that moves in suspension in the river flow but is not wash load represented in the bed of the channel. v George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project Technical Volume – Fish and Fish Habitat Study 1.0 Scope of Study This technical volume presents the objectives, methods, and findings of the fish and fish habitat study undertaken to support the environmental assessment of the George Massey Tunnel Replacement Project (Project). A review of the available information and the state of knowledge pertaining to fish and fish habitat in the study area was undertaken. Field studies were undertaken in 2014 to supplement and update existing information. This appendix provides a synthesis of the literature review and 2014 field studies. A summary of study components, objectives, and scope is provided in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 Study Components and Major Objectives Component Objective Scope Determine fish habitat values and freshwater fish species’ use of Comprehensive information review of