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Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics EJAIB Vol 16(6) November 2006 ISSN 1173-2571 Copyright ©2006 Eubios Ethics Institute (All rights reserved, for commercial reproductions). 31 Colwyn Street, Christchurch 8005, New Zealand c/o Darryl Macer, RUSHSAP, UNESCO Bangkok, 920 Sukhumvit Rd, Prakanong, Bangkok 10110, THAILAND Eubios Ethics Institute World Wide Web: eubios.info/index.htm Official Journal of the Asian Bioethics Association (ABA) Contents page Editorial: New website eubios.info 167 Editorial: New website eubios.info ABA Presidential message 168 - Darryl Macer, Ph.D. - Song Sang-yong UNESCO Bangkok, Thailand Human Behaviourome as Cross Cultural Tool with Reference to Conflict Resolution 168 The Eubios Ethics Institute has a new independent - Arthur Saniotis domain name and website, eubios.info. The entire site Human death: paradoxes of mortal being (Fedor has been shifted to that website, so please update your Dostoevsky and modern bioethical challenges) 172 references in browsers and websites. This will ensure - Serge Roganov independence as a forum for free deliberation of Narrating Pain: The Role of Medical Humanities 177 different points of view in bioethics and philosophical - Paolo Cattorini reflection. The views of papers are always those of the Biotechnology and Soul 181 authors, and this is important in a field like bioethics - K. K. Verma which encourages interaction and dialogue over topics Consequentialism and Climate Change Policy: An with many policy implications, and often divergent Exploratory Paper 182 viewpoints. - Charlotte Kendra G. Castillo In this issue we can find several examples of Bangkok Declaration on Ethics in Science and philosophical analysis applied to bioethics issues facing Technology 192 individuals and societies, which both face rapid and -COMEST 4th session dramatic changes in the communities we are members Dakar Declaration 193 of. Arthur Saniotis examines the application of the -COMEST 5th session human behaviourome to conflict resolution. The Asian Bioethics Association (ABA) Elections 195 behaviourome yahoo listserve still has some debate News in Bioethics & Biotechnology over the proposal I made in 2004, which was subject to several intensive conference sessions. UNESCO Asia-Pacific School of Ethics Serge Roganov explores parallels between debates Conferences 196 of individual death with the demise of the Soviet Union. Ordering Information 197 Paolo Cattorini examines the way that pain is experienced and the narratives held on it. There is Send papers to the editor in electronic form if possible. criticism of reductionist trends against religion by Verma, Please use reference style used in News section, do not use followed by an extensive review and debate over the automatic footnotes or endnotes. Papers are peer reviewed. ethics of climate change policy and the Kyoto Protocol. The papers do not represent the views of Eubios Ethics Institute, which upholds the principles of freedom of Asian Bioethics Association (ABA) members can find expression. the composition of the new Board, in the ABA election results notice in this issue, and a farewell message from Editorial address: Prof. Darryl Macer, RUSHSAP, UNESCO the Fourth ABA President, Song Sang-yong. The Bangkok, 920 Sukhumvit Rd, Prakanong, Bangkok 10110, forthcoming ABC will be in Bangkok, 19-23 March, THAILAND 2007, and promises over 100 original papers from Fax: Int+66-2-664-3772 Email: [email protected] around the region in 5 days of intense dialogue and debate. Two recent COMEST declarations are included Deadline for the January 2007 issue is 18 January, 2007. to remind us of the need to apply our research in ethics to policy, and that policy commitments have been made which can be useful catalysts for practical bioethics. 168 Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 16 (November 2006) operation for the present and future. The development ABA Presidential message of a common language for life studies and ideas is a projected objective of the human behaviourome (Macer - Song Sang-yong, 2004:9). 3rd President, Asian Bioethics Association The human behaviourome’s scope and aims work within the ambit of the human social sciences. For Dear ABA members, example, in both anthropology and sociology human As the outgoing President of the Asian Bioethics cultures are viewed as dynamic, non-static and Association (ABA), I confirm the report (p.195) of the syncretistic. In addition, human beings are resourceful, Secretary on the results of the 2006 election. My whole- often re-working old ideas and paradigms within new hearted congratulations to Jayapaul Azariah, the 4th social contexts. This concurs with the anthropologist ABA President; Pak Un Jong, re-elected Vice-President; Claude Levi Strauss’s notion of the “bricoleur”― a ‘bits Asai Atsushi, Abhik Gupta, Soraj Hongladarom, Aamir and pieces’ person who can re-adapt old ways of Jafarey, Alireza Bagheri and Wang Yanguang, newly- thinking to new social experiences. While Levi Strauss elected Vice-Presidents, and Darryl Macer, re-elected examines the transformation of indigenous myths during Secretary. It has been a great pleasure for me to work the time of colonialism, my interest here is to explore with wonderful Vice-Presidents in the past: Zhai how human beings continually use conflict resolution Xiaomei, Tanida Noritoshi, Jayapaul Azariah, Leonardo models in order to mitigate various kinds of violence. de Castro, Sahin Aksoy and Frank Leavitt. This is one area in which the human behaviourome can The Asian Bioethics Association started in Beijing in be used. 1995 as East Asian Association of Bioethics, changing to the ABA in 1997 at the time of the UNESCO Asian Human Aggression: Cultural Constructions Bioethics Conference in Kobe. In 1995 we elected Aggression has seemingly been intrinsic to the Hyakudai Sakamoto as Founding President. He served evolution of Homo sapiens. Although we have little for seven years and then the rule of rotation of knowledge on the reasons and machinations of human Presidents was made with the adoption of the conflict in prehistory, it stands to good reason that our constitution at the Fourth Asian Bioethics Conference in prehistoric predecessors had developed conflict Seoul. Qiu Renzong was elected the 2nd ABA President resolution methods alongside other social systems. The in Seoul in 2002. I took over the presidentship in 1998 apparent universal propensity of human aggression has two years later. We are sure to have no shortage of led behaviourist theorists to suggest that there is an capable persons for future Presidents. “innate drive” towards aggressive behaviour (Ehrlich It’s time to bid farewell as President. I would like to 2000:210). However, as Eibl-Eibesfedt points out: extend my gratitude to all ABA members for their co- “There is no conclusive proof of the existence of a primary aggressive drive, but there is strong operation. I very much hope that ABA will be activated 1 by the new younger team. I wish all a Happy New Year circumstantial evidence that suggests it” (1979:114). for 2007 and I hope to see you all in Bangkok in March. The ability for early Homo sapiens to survive and November 2006 become masters of their environment was contingent upon the level of co-operation between group members. Homo sapiens would have known early in their development that inter and intra-necine conflict Human Behaviourome as Cross diminished the chances for group survival. The Cultural Tool with Reference to development of the neo-cortex with its prolific parallel processing led to the formation of complex social Conflict Resolution systems, technology, language, advanced planning and intense consciousness (Ehrlich 2000:209). The - Arthur Saniotis technological explosion in the last 10,000 years (Van Department of English Schaik 2006:37), has also given rise to new kinds of College of Liberal Arts and Communication Arts social aggression based on organized power and The University of Thailand; Australia ritualized forms of violence. Email: [email protected] Eminent thinkers such as Paul Ehrlich contend that early hunter-gatherer societies probably followed Introduction acephalous and non-stratified systems which fostered This paper will discuss the human behaviourome as a egalitarianism. Such societies would rarely have had cross cultural tool in relation to conflict resolution. The food surpluses thereby making dominant behaviours less use of the human behaviourome as a cross cultural tool advantageous (Ehrlich 2000:209). In addition, these has been given special attention by Macer (2004) as a societies had probably developed various co-operative way of understanding human diversity. Macer’s aim is to be able to map cross cultural strategies of human co- 1 See also Ardrey (1961, 1966) and Lorenz (1966.). Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 16 (November 2006) 169 strategies which dissuaded socially dominant power, “in terms of mechanical economy” − via behaviours. The egalitarian hypothesis is supported by destructive technologies (2003:134). present day hunter-gatherer societies such as the Inuit people. In Inuit society overly dominant, disruptive and Conflict Resolution and Peace Making violent behaviours are socially proscribed (Ehrlich The growth of new kinds of human aggression in the 2000:209). As in other hunter-gatherer societies social 20th century have also led to the rise of peace making opprobrium ranges from ridicule, public admonition and initiatives. Prominent among these have
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